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href="#Campaigns_against_Sima_Ying_and_Sima_Yong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campaigns against Sima Ying and Sima Yong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaigns_against_Sima_Ying_and_Sima_Yong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domination_over_Emperor_Huai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domination_over_Emperor_Huai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Domination over Emperor Huai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domination_over_Emperor_Huai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E8%B6%8A" title="司馬越 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="司馬越" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E8%B6%8A" title="司馬越 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="司馬越" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima_Yue" title="Sima Yue – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sima Yue" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0_M%C3%A3_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Tư Mã Việt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tư Mã Việt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E8%B6%8A" title="司馬越 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="司馬越" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%B6%8A" title="司马越 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="司马越" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Western Jin</a> imperial prince. For the Eastern Jin emperor with a similar sounding Mandarin name, see <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kang_of_Jin" title="Emperor Kang of Jin">Emperor Kang of Jin</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prince of Donghai (東海王)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Sima Yue<br />司馬越</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Prince of Donghai (東海王)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">30 September 291 – 23 April 311</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>260 or before<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 April 311</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Prince Xiaoxian of Donghai (東海孝獻王)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266-420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (266-420)">Jin dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Sima Tai</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Sima_(Chinese_surname)" title="Sima (Chinese surname)">Sima</a></i>.</div> <p><b>Sima Yue</b> (司馬越) (died 23 April 311<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> <b>Yuanchao</b> (元超), formally <b>Prince Xiaoxian of Donghai</b> (東海孝獻王), was a <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Western Jin</a> imperial prince and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> for <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hui_of_Jin" title="Emperor Hui of Jin">Emperor Hui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huai_of_Jin" title="Emperor Huai of Jin">Emperor Huai</a>. He was the last of eight princes commonly associated with the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Princes" title="War of the Eight Princes">War of the Eight Princes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sima_Yue&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sima Yue was the eldest son<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Sima Tai (司馬泰; posthumously known as Prince Wenxian of Gaomi (高密文献王)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), who was a son of <a href="/wiki/Sima_Yi" title="Sima Yi">Sima Yi</a>'s brother Sima Kui (司馬馗), making Yue a cousin of Jin's founding emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Jin" title="Emperor Wu of Jin">Emperor Wu</a>. In February 266, after Emperor Wu established the Jin dynasty, Sima Tai was named Prince of Longxi on 9 February.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the eldest son, Yue's first title was "Heir to the Princedom of Longxi" (陇西世子). It was in this capacity that he was made a teacher who taught the classics to the crown prince <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hui_of_Jin" title="Emperor Hui of Jin">Sima Zhong</a>; other such teachers include Yang Miao (杨邈) and Sima Yao (司马繇), son of <a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhou" title="Sima Zhou">Sima Zhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sima Yue also took part in <a href="/wiki/Jia_Nanfeng" title="Jia Nanfeng">Jia Nanfeng</a>'s coup against Emperor Hui's first regent <a href="/wiki/Yang_Jun_(minister)" title="Yang Jun (minister)">Yang Jun</a>, and was made a marquis, with a fiefdom of 5000 households.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 September 291,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was created the Prince of <a href="/wiki/Donghai_Commandery" title="Donghai Commandery">Donghai</a>. During the early parts of the War of the Eight Princes, he held a number of offices in the capital <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. </p><p>In early 304, when the regent <a href="/wiki/Sima_Ai" title="Sima Ai">Sima Ai</a> the Prince of Changsha (Emperor Hui's half-brother) was battling the forces of <a href="/wiki/Sima_Ying" title="Sima Ying">Sima Ying</a> the Prince of Chengdu (also Emperor Hui's half-brother) and <a href="/wiki/Sima_Yong" title="Sima Yong">Sima Yong</a> the Prince of Hejian (grandson of Emperor Hui's great-granduncle <a href="/wiki/Sima_Fu" title="Sima Fu">Sima Fu</a>, Prince Xian of Anping [安平献王]), even though Sima Ai was fighting off the overwhelming force that Sima Ying and Sima Yong had, Sima Yue became convinced that a victory was impossible, and he seized Sima Ai and delivered him to Sima Yong's general <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Fang" title="Zhang Fang">Zhang Fang</a>, who executed Sima Ai cruelly by burning him to death. Sima Ying controlled the government remotely, with Sima Yue being one of the generals who stayed in Luoyang to execute Sima Ying's orders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaigns_against_Sima_Ying_and_Sima_Yong">Campaigns against Sima Ying and Sima Yong</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sima_Yue&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Campaigns against Sima Ying and Sima Yong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sima_Yue" title="Special:EditPage/Sima Yue">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_of_the_Eight_Princes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/War_of_the_Eight_Princes.png/300px-War_of_the_Eight_Princes.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/War_of_the_Eight_Princes.png/450px-War_of_the_Eight_Princes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/War_of_the_Eight_Princes.png/600px-War_of_the_Eight_Princes.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the Wars of the Eight Princes</figcaption></figure> <p>As Sima Ying continued to remotely control the government from his stronghold of Yecheng (鄴城, in modern <a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>) as both regent and <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a>, the officials in Luoyang tired of the situation. Later in 304, Sima Yue led them in a rebellion against Sima Ying's forces, and he took Emperor Hui with him on the campaign. After some initial hesitation, Sima Ying fought and defeated Sima Yue's forces, forcing Sima Yue to flee. Emperor Hui was captured and taken to Yecheng. Subsequently, however, Sima Ying was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jun_(Pengzu)" title="Wang Jun (Pengzu)">Wang Jun</a>, the commander of the forces of You Province (幽州, modern <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, and northern <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>) and fled to Luoyang without his troops. Sima Yong then seized control of the government and Emperor Hui, deposing Sima Ying from his position as crown prince in February 305 and replacing him with another half-brother of Emperor Hui's, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huai_of_Jin" title="Emperor Huai of Jin">Sima Chi</a> the Prince of Yuzhang. Later, Yong further had Zhang forcibly move Emperor Hui and Crown Prince Chi to <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, under his firm control.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sima Yue decided to act against Sima Yong. In fall 305, he declared a rebellion with the stated intention of returning Emperor Hui to Luoyang. The warlords of the empire were forced to take sides, but eventually they generally fell into line behind Sima Yue because they were disgusted with Zhang's cruelty. The battles were initially largely indecisive, but early 306, after Sima Yue had some minor victories over Sima Yong's forces, Sima Yong panicked and killed Zhang, seeking peace with Sima Yue. Sima Yue refused, and by later that year was able to force Sima Yong to abandon both Emperor Hui and Chang'an. Sima Yue welcomed Emperor Hui back to the capital Luoyang. In January 307, Emperor Hui was poisoned to death, and historians generally agreed that the poisoning was done at Sima Yue's orders, but the motive was unclear. Crown Prince Chi ascended to the throne as Emperor Huai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domination_over_Emperor_Huai">Domination over Emperor Huai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sima_Yue&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Domination over Emperor Huai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sima_Yue" title="Special:EditPage/Sima Yue">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Emperor Huai, in contrast with the <a href="/wiki/Developmental_disability" title="Developmental disability">developmentally disabled</a> Emperor Hui, was intelligent and astute, and he sought to revive the war-ravaged empire, but Sima Yue maintained a tight grip on authority and would not allow the emperor much actual power. On 18 May 307, he left Luoyang and set up headquarters at Xuchang (許昌, in modern <a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>), but continued to control the government remotely. He also gave his younger brothers various titles and military appointments. Sima Teng, the second brother, was appointed Prince of Xincai, and was made Chief Controller of Si and Ji Provinces, while being garrisoned at Ye. Sima Lüe, the third brother, was made General who Pacifies the South, Chief Controller of Jing Province and was garrisoned at Xiangyang. <a href="/wiki/Sima_Mo" title="Sima Mo">Sima Mo</a>, the youngest brother, was appointed Grand General who Conquers the West and Chief Controller of Qin, Yong, Liáng and Yi provinces. He was garrisoned at Chang'an<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Later that year, on 25 August<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, at the urging of his wife Princess Pei<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, he issued an order that appeared insignificant at the time but would turn out to be important later on—making <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Jin" title="Emperor Yuan of Jin">Sima Rui</a> the Prince of Langye be in charge of Yang Province (揚州, modern <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>), at the post of <a href="/wiki/Jiankang" title="Jiankang">Jianye</a> (建業, in modern <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>); this was the post from which Sima Rui would later, after the fall of Luoyang and Chang'an to <a href="/wiki/Han-Zhao" title="Han-Zhao">Han-Zhao</a>, claim the Jin imperial title. </p><p>In 309, Sima Yue, concerned about the growing use of authority that Emperor Huai was exerting, made a sudden return to Luoyang and arrested and executed a number of Emperor Huai's associates, including Emperor Huai's uncle Wang Yan (王延).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other than privately mourning them, there was nothing that Emperor Huai could do. Sima Yue further disbanded the imperial guards and put his own personal forces in charge of protecting the emperor. </p><p>For all of Sima Yue's assertion of authority, he could not stop Han-Zhao, under its generals <a href="/wiki/Liu_Cong_(Han_Zhao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Cong (Han Zhao)">Liu Cong</a> the Prince of Chu (the son of Han-Zhao's emperor <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(Han_Zhao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)">Liu Yuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yao" title="Liu Yao">Liu Yao</a> the Prince of Shi'an (Liu Yuan's nephew), <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mi" title="Wang Mi">Wang Mi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shi_Le" title="Shi Le">Shi Le</a>, from disrupting Jin rule throughout northern and central China and gradually wearing out Jin forces and capturing Jin cities and towns. In late 309, he managed to fight off a joint attack by Liu Cong and Wang on Luoyang, but that victory was the exception to Han-Zhao's inexorable advances. After Liu Yuan died in 310 and was succeeded by Liu Cong, Han-Zhao renewed its attacks on the Luoyang region. Meanwhile, Sima Yue continued to alienate other generals and officials, and when <a href="/wiki/Liu_Kun_(Jin_dynasty)" title="Liu Kun (Jin dynasty)">Liu Kun</a>, the military commander of <a href="/wiki/Bing_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (province)">Bing</a> (并州, roughly modern <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>) proposed to him the plan of an attack on the Han-Zhao capital Pingyang (平陽, in modern <a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>) in conjunction with the powerful <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> chieftain <a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yilu" title="Tuoba Yilu">Tuoba Yilu</a> the Duke of <a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai</a>, Sima Yue was fearful of backstabbing attack by some of these warlords and therefore unable to accept Liu's plan. Indeed, when Emperor Huai and Sima Yue sent out calls for the various governors to come to Luoyang's aid later that year, there were few responses. Sima Yue became uncertain of himself, and late in 310 left Luoyang with virtually all of the central government's remaining troops, along with a large number of officials, effectively stripping Luoyang and Emperor Huai bare of their defenses, except for a small detachment commanded by Sima Yue's subordinate He Lun (何倫), intended as much to monitor as to protect Emperor Huai. From that point on, Luoyang was left even without a police force and became largely a city abandoned to bandits and thugs. </p><p>Emperor Huai soon entered into a plan with <a href="/wiki/Gou_Xi" title="Gou Xi">Gou Xi</a>, the military commander of Qing Province (青州, modern central and eastern <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>), who had been dissatisfied with Sima Yue, to overthrow Sima Yue's yoke. Sima Yue discovered this plan, but was unable to wage a campaign against Gou. He grew ill in his anger and distress, and died in April 311. The generals and officials in his army, instead of returning to Luoyang, headed east toward Sima Yue's <a href="/wiki/Donghai_Commandery" title="Donghai Commandery">principality of Donghai</a> (roughly modern <a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>) to bury him there. He Lun, upon hearing about Sima Yue's death, also withdrew from Luoyang and sought to join that force. However, both were intercepted by Shi Le and wiped out. Shi, declaring that Sima Yue had caused the empire much damage, burned Sima Yue's body. Sima Yue's sons were all captured and presumably killed by Shi. Only Princess Pei fled, and after much suffering, including a stint where she was enslaved, she arrived in Jianye. Because she had persuaded Sima Yue to let Sima Rui have the Jianye post, Sima Rui was grateful to her and honored both her and Sima Yue posthumously, and allowed her to adopt his son Sima Chong (司馬沖) to serve as Sima Yue's heir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sima_Yue&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sima Yue's biography in <i>Book of Jin</i> noted that his first position was a teacher of the classics to Emperor Hui while the latter was crown prince (from early 267 to May 290). As such, his birth year should be <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>260 or before.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huai_of_Jin" title="Emperor Huai of Jin">Sima Chi</a>'s biography in the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jin" title="Book of Jin">Book of Jin</a></i>, Sima Yue died on the <i>bingzi</i> day in the 3rd month of the 5th year of the <i>Yongjia</i> era of Emperor Huai's reign. This corresponds to 23 Apr 311 in the Julian calendar. [(永嘉五年三月)丙子，东海王越薨。] <i>Jin Shu</i>, vol. 05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While Sima Yue's biography in <i>Book of Jin</i> recorded that he was the second son (次子), Sima Tai's biography in the same work listed him as the eldest. As Yue was also heir to the Princedom of Longxi before he was made Prince of Donghai, it was more likely that he was the eldest son.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emperor Hui's biography in <i>Book of Jin</i> erroneously recorded Sima Tai's title as "Prince of Longxi" when he died in 299. It is unknown when exactly Tai's title was changed from "Prince of Longxi" to "Prince of Gaomi", but it should be between 296 and 299. After Sima Tai's death, his third son Sima Lüe was the next Prince of Gaomi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(泰始元年冬十二月....丁卯，....封皇叔祖父孚为安平王，...泰为陇西王，....) <i>Jin Shu</i>, vol.03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(初以世子为骑都尉，与驸马都尉杨邈及琅邪王伷子繇俱侍讲东宫，...) <i>Jin Shu</i>, vol.59. The "eastern palace" was a <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a> referring to the crown prince; Emperor Hui was crown prince from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>February 267 to May 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(讨杨骏有功，封五千户侯。) <i>Jin Shu</i>, vol.59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>xinwei</i> day of the 8th month of the 1st year of the <i>Yong'ping</i> era, per Emperor Hui's biography in <i>Book of Jin</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, vol.85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">([永嘉元年三月]庚辰，越出镇许昌。以高密王略为征南大将军，都督荆州诸军事，镇襄阳；南阳王模为征西大将军，都督秦、雍、梁、益四州诸军事，镇长安；东燕王腾为新蔡王，都督司、冀二州诸军事，仍镇邺。) <i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, vol.86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">([永嘉元年]秋，七月，...己未，以琅邪王睿为安东将军，都督扬州江南诸军事，假节，镇建业。) <i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, vol.86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(初，元帝镇建邺，裴妃之意也，...) <i>Jin Shu</i>, vol.59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, vol.87</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Xuanling" title="Fang Xuanling">Fang, Xuanling</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jin" title="Book of Jin">Book of Jin</a></i> (<i>Jin Shu</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Guang" title="Sima Guang">Sima, Guang</a>: 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4em">Notable figures of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Princes" title="War of the Eight Princes">War of the Eight Princes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Eight Princes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Ai" title="Sima Ai">Sima Ai, Prince of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Jiong" title="Sima Jiong">Sima Jiong, Prince of Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Liang" title="Sima Liang">Sima Liang, Prince of Runan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Lun" title="Sima Lun">Sima Lun, Prince of Zhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Wei" title="Sima Wei">Sima Wei, Prince of Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Ying" title="Sima Ying">Sima Ying, Prince of Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Yong" title="Sima Yong">Sima Yong, Prince of Hejian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sima Yue, Prince of Donghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Nanfeng" title="Jia Nanfeng">Empress Jia Nanfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huai_of_Jin" title="Emperor Huai of Jin">Sima Chi, Emperor Huai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Yu" title="Sima Yu">Sima Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hui_of_Jin" title="Emperor Hui of Jin">Sima Zhong, Emperor Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Mi" title="Jia Mi">Jia Mi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Zhi_(Jin_dynasty)" title="Lu Zhi (Jin dynasty)">Lu Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Xiu_(Jin_dynasty)" title="Sun Xiu (Jin dynasty)">Sun Xiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jun_(Pengzu)" title="Wang Jun (Pengzu)">Wang Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guan" title="Wei Guan">Wei Guan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Jun_(minister)" title="Yang Jun (minister)">Yang Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xianrong" title="Yang Xianrong">Yang Xianrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhi_(empress)" title="Yang Zhi (empress)">Empress Yang Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Fang" title="Zhang Fang">Zhang Fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Hua" title="Zhang Hua">Zhang Hua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sima_Yue&oldid=1259491602">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sima_Yue&oldid=1259491602</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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