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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Imperial history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Early modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wine_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wine_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Wine industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wine_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_and_technological_development_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_and_technological_development_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Economic and technological development zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_and_technological_development_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_view_and_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_view_and_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Famous view and arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_view_and_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Urban areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Events_held_in_Shandong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_held_in_Shandong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Events held in Shandong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_held_in_Shandong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_sports_teams_based_in_Shandong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_sports_teams_based_in_Shandong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Professional sports teams based in Shandong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_sports_teams_based_in_Shandong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_professional_sports_teams_based_in_Shandong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_professional_sports_teams_based_in_Shandong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Former professional sports teams based in Shandong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_professional_sports_teams_based_in_Shandong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shandong</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA" title="شاندونغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شاندونغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eantun" title="Şantun – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şantun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%82" title="শানতুং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শানতুং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soa%E2%81%BF-tang-s%C3%A9ng" title="Soaⁿ-tang-séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Soaⁿ-tang-séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шаньдун – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шаньдун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шандун – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шандун" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྲན་ཏུང་ཞིང་ཆེན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྲན་ཏུང་ཞིང་ཆེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong_Sheng" title="Shandong Sheng – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Shandong Sheng" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0an-tung" title="Šan-tung – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šan-tung" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_(%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Σαντόνγκ (επαρχία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαντόνγκ (επαρχία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Candongo" title="Ŝandongo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝandongo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شاندونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاندونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1" title="山東 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="山東" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBng" title="Sân-tûng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sân-tûng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%91%A5%EC%84%B1" title="산둥성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산둥성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Շանդուն (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շանդուն (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="शानदोंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शानदोंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Shandong" title="Provinco Shandong – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Provinco Shandong" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шаньдун – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шаньдун" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="שאנדונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שאנדונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="შანდუნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შანდუნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xantonia" title="Xantonia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Xantonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0a%C5%86duna" title="Šaņduna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šaņduna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0andongas" title="Šandongas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šandongas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santung" title="Santung – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Santung" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Шандунг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шандунг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ശാൻഡോങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശാൻഡോങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="षांतोंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="षांतोंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="შანდუნი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შანდუნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شاندونگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شاندونگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83ng-d%C4%95%CC%A4ng" title="Săng-dĕ̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Săng-dĕ̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6" title="Шаньдун муж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шаньдун муж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong_(provincie)" title="Shandong (provincie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shandong (provincie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%99" title="सान्दोङ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सान्दोङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" title="山東省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="山東省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шаньдун – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шаньдун" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandun" title="Shandun – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shandun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شانڈونگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شانڈونگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szantung" title="Szantung – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szantung" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eandu%C3%B1" title="Şanduñ – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şanduñ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong_pruwinsya" title="Shandong pruwinsya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Shandong pruwinsya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шаньдун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шаньдун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шаньдун – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Шаньдун" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A6%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88" title="شئنڊانگ صوبو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شئنڊانگ صوبو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شاندۆنگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شاندۆنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Шандунг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шандунг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="சாண்டோங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாண்டோங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87" title="มณฑลชานตง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มณฑลชานตง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шандун – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шандун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eantung" title="Şantung – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şantung" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шаньдун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шаньдун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شانڈونگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شانڈونگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%87%DA%AD_%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%84%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="شەندۇڭ ئۆلكىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شەندۇڭ ئۆلكىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanhdungh" title="Sanhdungh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sanhdungh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C6%A1n_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Sơn Đông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sơn Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandong" title="Chandong – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Chandong" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" title="山東省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="山東省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shandong" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81" title="山东省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="山东省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1" title="山東 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="山東" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81" title="山东省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="山东省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43407#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong&params=36.4_N_118.4_E_type:adm1st_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">118°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.4°N 118.4°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.4; 118.4</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in East China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the province. For the peninsula, see <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shandong_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Shandong (disambiguation)">Shandong (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Shantung" redirects here. For the fabric, see <a href="/wiki/Shantung_(fabric)" title="Shantung (fabric)">Shantung (fabric)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shan_Tung_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Shan Tung (disambiguation)">Shan Tung (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Shandong</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山东</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Name transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Chinese</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山东省</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng shěng</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">Abbreviation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">SD / <span lang="zh-hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:鲁">鲁</a></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lǔ</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="border:1;;height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PenglaiPavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PenglaiPavilion.jpg/150px-PenglaiPavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PenglaiPavilion.jpg/225px-PenglaiPavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PenglaiPavilion.jpg/300px-PenglaiPavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Penglai_Pavilion" title="Penglai Pavilion">Penglai Pavilion</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="border:1;;height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A5%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81_-_Destination_of_Yellow_River_-_2011.11_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A5%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81_-_Destination_of_Yellow_River_-_2011.11_-_panoramio.jpg/134px-%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A5%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81_-_Destination_of_Yellow_River_-_2011.11_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A5%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81_-_Destination_of_Yellow_River_-_2011.11_-_panoramio.jpg/201px-%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A5%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81_-_Destination_of_Yellow_River_-_2011.11_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A5%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81_-_Destination_of_Yellow_River_-_2011.11_-_panoramio.jpg/268px-%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A5%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81_-_Destination_of_Yellow_River_-_2011.11_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow River delta">Yellow River delta</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div style="border:1;;height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%96.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%96.jpg/139px-%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%96.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%96.jpg/209px-%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%96.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%96.jpg/278px-%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%96.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Weishan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Weishan Lake">Weishan Lake</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="border:1;;height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qufu_Confucian_Temple_49189-Qufu_(49055643376).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Qufu_Confucian_Temple_49189-Qufu_%2849055643376%29.jpg/145px-Qufu_Confucian_Temple_49189-Qufu_%2849055643376%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Qufu_Confucian_Temple_49189-Qufu_%2849055643376%29.jpg/218px-Qufu_Confucian_Temple_49189-Qufu_%2849055643376%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Qufu_Confucian_Temple_49189-Qufu_%2849055643376%29.jpg/290px-Qufu_Confucian_Temple_49189-Qufu_%2849055643376%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2172" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple of Confucius</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:83px;max-width:83px"><div style="border:1;;height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jade_Emperor_Peak_50495-Taishan_(49055680461).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jade_Emperor_Peak_50495-Taishan_%2849055680461%29.jpg/81px-Jade_Emperor_Peak_50495-Taishan_%2849055680461%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jade_Emperor_Peak_50495-Taishan_%2849055680461%29.jpg/122px-Jade_Emperor_Peak_50495-Taishan_%2849055680461%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jade_Emperor_Peak_50495-Taishan_%2849055680461%29.jpg/162px-Jade_Emperor_Peak_50495-Taishan_%2849055680461%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="泰山">Mount Tai</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:105px;max-width:105px"><div style="border:1;;height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/103px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/155px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/206px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Qingdao" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao">St. Michael's Cathedral in Qingdao</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div style="border:1;;height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%85%89%E5%B2%B3%E6%A5%BC_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%E5%85%89%E5%B2%B3%E6%A5%BC_04.jpg/95px-%E5%85%89%E5%B2%B3%E6%A5%BC_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%E5%85%89%E5%B2%B3%E6%A5%BC_04.jpg/143px-%E5%85%89%E5%B2%B3%E6%A5%BC_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%E5%85%89%E5%B2%B3%E6%A5%BC_04.jpg/190px-%E5%85%89%E5%B2%B3%E6%A5%BC_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2133" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangyue_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangyue Tower (page does not exist)">Guangyue Tower</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;;height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daming_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Daming_Lake.jpg/288px-Daming_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Daming_Lake.jpg/432px-Daming_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Daming_Lake.jpg/576px-Daming_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="2892" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shandong_in_China_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Shandong within China"><img alt="Location of Shandong within China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shandong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/275px-Shandong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shandong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/413px-Shandong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shandong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/550px-Shandong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Shandong within China</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong&params=36.4_N_118.4_E_type:adm1st_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">118°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.4°N 118.4°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.4; 118.4</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">China</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Divisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>16 <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">prefectures</a>, 140 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_China" title="Counties of China">counties</a>, 1941 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_China" title="Townships of China">townships</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Shandong Provincial People's Congress</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Secretary_of_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Secretary of Shandong">Party Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lin_Wu" title="Lin Wu">Lin Wu</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Congress chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Lin Wu</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_(China)" title="Governor (China)">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Naixiang" title="Zhou Naixiang">Zhou Naixiang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/CPPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="CPPCC">CPPCC</a> chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ge_Huijun" title="Ge Huijun">Ge Huijun</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> Representation</th><td class="infobox-data">174 deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mofcom_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mofcom-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">157,100 km<sup>2</sup> (60,700 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">20th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,545 m (5,069 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">101,527,453</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">650/km<sup>2</sup> (1,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China#List_of_provincial_level_divisions" title="Provinces of China">5th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shandongese" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandongese">Shandongese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnic composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a> – 99.3%</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hui" class="mw-redirect" title="Hui">Hui</a> – 0.6%</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Languages and dialects</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jiaoliao_Mandarin" title="Jiaoliao Mandarin">Jiaoliao Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilu_Mandarin" title="Jilu Mandarin">Jilu Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-GDPdata_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPdata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥9.21 trillion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">3rd</a>) (US$1.31 trillion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥90,772 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">11th</a>) (US$12,881)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CN-SD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.789<sup id="cite_ref-SHDI_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHDI-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">13th</a>) – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#090">high</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sd.gov.cn">sd<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Shandong</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">山東</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">East of the <a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕㄢ<span style="padding-left:0.5ic;"> </span>ㄉㄨㄥ</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shandong</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Shan<sup>1</sup>-tung<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂán.tʊ́ŋ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Se<sup>平</sup> ton<sup>平</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Sāan-dūng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Saan1-dung1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[san˥.tʊŋ˥]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Soaⁿ-tang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Suann-tang</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shandong</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a coastal <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">province</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shandong has played a major role in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese history">Chinese history</a> since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. It has served as a pivotal cultural and religious center for <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>. Shandong's <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a> is the most revered mountain of Taoism and a site with one of the longest histories of continuous religious worship in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> temples in the mountains south of the provincial capital of <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of <a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a> was the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a>, and later became the center of Confucianism.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shandong's location at the intersection of ancient and modern north–south and east–west trading routes has helped establish it as an economic center. After a period of political instability and economic hardship beginning in the late 19th century, Shandong has experienced rapid growth in recent decades. Home to over 100 million inhabitants, Shandong is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first-level_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of first-level administrative divisions by population">world's sixth-most</a> populous <a href="/wiki/Subnational_entity" class="mw-redirect" title="Subnational entity">subnational entity</a>, and China's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">second-most populous province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-censuspop_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censuspop-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Shandong">economy of Shandong</a> is China's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">third-largest provincial economy</a> with a <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of CN¥8.3 trillion (US$1.3 trillion) in 2021, equivalent to the GDP of Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If considered among sovereign states, Shandong would rank as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">15th-largest economy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">15th-most populous</a> as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its GDP per capita is around the national average. </p><p>Shandong is one of China's leading provinces in education and research. It has 153 <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">higher education institutions</a>, ranking second in East China after <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and fourth among all Chinese first-level divisions after Jiangsu, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a> ranked Jinan ranked 32nd and <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> 43rd in the top 50 cities in the world by scientific research output.<sup id="cite_ref-nature.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shandong's name literally means 'east of the mountains', from 'mountain' (<span lang="zh">山</span>) and 'east' (<span lang="zh-Hans">东</span>). The name refers to the province's location to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common nickname for Shandong is Qilu (<span lang="zh-Hans">齐鲁</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">齊魯</span>), from the states of <a href="/wiki/State_of_Qi" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Qi">Qi</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Lu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Lu">Lu</a> that existed in the area during the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a>. Whereas Qi was a major political power, Lu played only a minor political role but became renowned as the home of <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a>, and its cultural influence came to eclipse that of Qi. The cultural legacy of Lu is reflected in the province's official abbreviation of <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lǔ</span></i> (<span lang="zh-Hans">鲁</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">魯</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linzi_sewer_2010_06_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Linzi_sewer_2010_06_06.jpg/220px-Linzi_sewer_2010_06_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Linzi_sewer_2010_06_06.jpg/330px-Linzi_sewer_2010_06_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Linzi_sewer_2010_06_06.jpg/440px-Linzi_sewer_2010_06_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Remains of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Linzi" title="Ancient Linzi">Ancient Linzi</a> city sewer passing underneath the former city wall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shou_Qiu_-_eastern_turtle_-_P1050845.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Shou_Qiu_-_eastern_turtle_-_P1050845.JPG/150px-Shou_Qiu_-_eastern_turtle_-_P1050845.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Shou_Qiu_-_eastern_turtle_-_P1050845.JPG/225px-Shou_Qiu_-_eastern_turtle_-_P1050845.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Shou_Qiu_-_eastern_turtle_-_P1050845.JPG/300px-Shou_Qiu_-_eastern_turtle_-_P1050845.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Song-era" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-era">Song-era</a> monument to a legendary native of Shandong, the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a>, at his <a href="/wiki/Shou_Qiu" title="Shou Qiu">supposed birthplace</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With its location on the eastern edge of the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>, Shandong was home to a succession of <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> cultures for millennia, including the <a href="/wiki/Houli_culture" title="Houli culture">Houli</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 6500–5500 BC</span>), <a href="/wiki/Beixin_culture" title="Beixin culture">Beixin</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5300–4100 BC</span>), <a href="/wiki/Dawenkou" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawenkou">Dawenkou</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 4100–2600 BC</span>), <a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3000–2000 BC</span>), and <a href="/wiki/Yueshi_culture" title="Yueshi culture">Yueshi cultures</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900–1500 BC</span>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasties</a> exerted varying degrees of control over western Shandong, while eastern Shandong was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Dongyi" title="Dongyi">Dongyi</a> peoples, who were considered barbarians by the inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plain</a>. Following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annexation_of_Lai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annexation of Lai (page does not exist)">annexation of Lai</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E6%BB%85%E8%90%8A%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="extiw" title="zh:齊滅萊之戰">zh</a>]</span> by the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Qi" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Qi">state of Qi</a> in 567 BC, the Dongyi gradually became <a href="/wiki/Sinicized" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinicized">sinicized</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States periods</a>, power was accumulated by regional states; Shandong was home to the state of Qi based in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Linzi" title="Ancient Linzi">Linzi</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Lu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Lu">state of Lu</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a>. Lu is famous for being the home of <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a>; however, it was comparatively small, eventually being annexed by the neighboring <a href="/wiki/State_of_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Chu">state of Chu</a> to its south. Meanwhile, Qi was a significant power throughout the entire period, and ruled cities including <a href="/wiki/Linzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Linzi District">Linzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimo,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo, Shandong">Jimo</a> (near modern <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Ju_County" title="Ju County">Ju</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_history">Imperial history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Imperial history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> conquered Qi and founded the first centralized Chinese state in 221 BC. The <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> that followed created several commanderies supervised by two regions (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">刺史部</span></span>) in what is now modern Shandong: Qingzhou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">青州</span></span>) in the north and Yanzhou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">兗州</span></span>) in the south. During the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period, Shandong was part of the northern kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a>, which ruled over northern China. </p><p>After the Three Kingdoms period, a brief period of unity under the <a href="/wiki/Western_Jin_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Jin dynasty">Western Jin dynasty</a> gave way to invasions by nomadic peoples from the north. Northern China, including Shandong, was overrun. Over the next century or so, Shandong changed hands several times, falling to the <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Later Zhao</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Later_Yan" title="Later Yan">Later Yan</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Southern_Yan" title="Southern Yan">Southern Yan</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song dynasty</a>, and finally the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Wei dynasty">Northern Wei dynasty</a>, the first of the Northern dynasties during the <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and Southern dynasties</a> period. Shandong stayed with the Northern dynasties for the rest of this period. </p><p>In 412 AD, the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk <a href="/wiki/Faxian" title="Faxian">Faxian</a> landed at <a href="/wiki/Laoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laoshan District">Laoshan</a>, on the southern edge of the Shandong peninsula, and proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a> to edit and translate the scriptures he had brought back from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> reestablished unity in 589, and the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) presided over the next golden age of China. For the earlier part of this period, Shandong was ruled as part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan_Circuit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henan Circuit (page does not exist)">Henan Circuit</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_(political_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit (political division)">circuits</a> (a political division). Later on, China splintered into warlord factions, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a> period. Shandong was part of the Five Dynasties, all based in the north. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> reunified China in the late tenth century. The classic novel <i><a href="/wiki/Water_Margin" title="Water Margin">Water Margin</a></i> was based on folk tales of outlaw bands active in Shandong during the Song dynasty. In 1996, the discovery of over two hundred buried Buddhist statues at Qingzhou was hailed as a major <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> find. The statues included early examples of painted figures and are thought to have been buried due to <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Huizong of Song China">Emperor Huizong</a>'s repression of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (he favored <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>). </p><p>The Song dynasty was forced to cede northern China to the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_Jin_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchen Jin dynasty">Jurchen Jin dynasty</a> in 1142. Shandong was administered by Jin as <a href="/wiki/Shandong_East_Circuit" title="Shandong East Circuit">Shandong East Circuit</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_West_Circuit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong West Circuit (page does not exist)">Shandong West Circuit</a> – the first use of its current name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_history">Early modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Alexander_-_City_of_Lin_Tsin,_Shantung,_with_a_View_of_the_Grand_Canal_-_B1975.4.1450_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/William_Alexander_-_City_of_Lin_Tsin%2C_Shantung%2C_with_a_View_of_the_Grand_Canal_-_B1975.4.1450_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg/220px-William_Alexander_-_City_of_Lin_Tsin%2C_Shantung%2C_with_a_View_of_the_Grand_Canal_-_B1975.4.1450_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/William_Alexander_-_City_of_Lin_Tsin%2C_Shantung%2C_with_a_View_of_the_Grand_Canal_-_B1975.4.1450_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg/330px-William_Alexander_-_City_of_Lin_Tsin%2C_Shantung%2C_with_a_View_of_the_Grand_Canal_-_B1975.4.1450_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/William_Alexander_-_City_of_Lin_Tsin%2C_Shantung%2C_with_a_View_of_the_Grand_Canal_-_B1975.4.1450_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg/440px-William_Alexander_-_City_of_Lin_Tsin%2C_Shantung%2C_with_a_View_of_the_Grand_Canal_-_B1975.4.1450_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a> City, with a view of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a>. Drawing by <a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_(painter)" title="William Alexander (painter)">William Alexander</a>, draughtsman of the <a href="/wiki/Macartney_Embassy" title="Macartney Embassy">Macartney Embassy</a> to China in 1793.</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern province of Shandong was created by the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, where it had a more expansive territory, including the agricultural part of <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Qing_Transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming–Qing Transition">Ming–Qing Transition</a> in 1644, Shandong acquired (more or less) its current borders. </p><p>On 25 July 1668, an <a href="/wiki/1668_Shandong_earthquake" title="1668 Shandong earthquake">earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.5</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Epicenter" title="Epicenter">epicenter</a> just northeast of <a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a> devastated Shandong, and killed between 43,000 and 50,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 19th century, China became increasingly exposed to Western influence; Shandong, a coastal province under the dukedom of Xiong, was significantly affected. <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> was <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiautschou Bay concession">leased</a> to Germany in 1897 and <a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a> to Britain in 1898. As a result of foreign pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, which had annexed <a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a> by 1860, the Qing <a href="/wiki/Chuang_Guandong" title="Chuang Guandong">encouraged settlement of Shandong people</a> to what remained of <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>. </p><p>Shandong was one of the first places where the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> broke out, and became one of the centers of the uprising. In 1899, Qing general <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> was appointed governor of the province to suppress the uprising. He held the post for three years. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_market_Shandong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Street_market_Shandong.jpg/250px-Street_market_Shandong.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Street_market_Shandong.jpg/375px-Street_market_Shandong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Street_market_Shandong.jpg/500px-Street_market_Shandong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>Street market in Qingdao during the late 19th century, photographed by the crew of the <i><a href="/wiki/ARA_Presidente_Sarmiento" title="ARA Presidente Sarmiento">ARA Presidente Sarmiento</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Germany took control of the peninsula in 1898, leasing <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay" title="Jiaozhou Bay">Jiaozhou Bay</a> and its port of Qingdao under threat of force. Development was a high priority for the Germans: over 200 million marks were invested in world-class <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbor</a> facilities including <a href="/wiki/Berth_(moorings)" title="Berth (moorings)">berths</a>, heavy machinery, rail yards, and a floating dry dock. Private enterprises worked across the Shandong Province, opening mines, banks, factories, and rail lines.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence of the First World War, Japan seized German holdings in <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> and Shandong. The 1919 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> transferred ownership to Japan instead of restoring Chinese sovereignty over the area. Popular dissatisfaction with this outcome, referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Problem" title="Shandong Problem">Shandong Problem</a>, led to the vehement student protests in the <a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement" title="May Fourth Movement">May Fourth Movement</a>. Among the reservations to the Treaty that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations</a> approved was "to give Shantung to China", the treaty with reservations was not approved. Finally, Shandong reverted to Chinese control in 1922 after the United States' mediation during the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Conference" title="Washington Naval Conference">Washington Naval Conference</a>. <a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a> followed in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contemporary_map_of_Tsingtau_and_the_Shandong_Peninsula.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Kiautschou Bay concession was located in the natural harbor at Tsingtao on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Contemporary_map_of_Tsingtau_and_the_Shandong_Peninsula.png/220px-Contemporary_map_of_Tsingtau_and_the_Shandong_Peninsula.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Contemporary_map_of_Tsingtau_and_the_Shandong_Peninsula.png/330px-Contemporary_map_of_Tsingtau_and_the_Shandong_Peninsula.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Contemporary_map_of_Tsingtau_and_the_Shandong_Peninsula.png/440px-Contemporary_map_of_Tsingtau_and_the_Shandong_Peninsula.png 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>1912 German map of the Shandong Peninsula, showing the <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiautschou Bay concession">Kiautschou Bay concession</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shandong's return of control fell into the <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">Warlord Era</a> of the Republic of China. Shandong was handed over to the <a href="/wiki/Zhili_clique" title="Zhili clique">Zhili clique</a> of warlords, but after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Zhili%E2%80%93Fengtian_War" title="Second Zhili–Fengtian War">Second Zhili–Fengtian War</a> of 1924, the northeast China-based <a href="/wiki/Fengtian_clique" title="Fengtian clique">Fengtian clique</a> took over. In April 1925, the Fengtian clique installed the warlord <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zongchang" title="Zhang Zongchang">Zhang Zongchang</a>, nicknamed the "Dogmeat General", as military governor of Shandong Province. <i>Time</i> dubbed him China's "basest warlord".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ruled over the province until 1928 when he was ousted in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition" title="Northern Expedition">Northern Expedition</a>. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Han_Fuju" title="Han Fuju">Han Fuju</a>, who was loyal to the warlord <a href="/wiki/Feng_Yuxiang" title="Feng Yuxiang">Feng Yuxiang</a> but later switched his allegiance to the Nanjing government headed by <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>. Han Fuju <a href="/wiki/Han%E2%80%93Liu_War" title="Han–Liu War">also ousted</a> the warlord <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhennian" title="Liu Zhennian">Liu Zhennian</a>, nicknamed the "King of Shandong East", who ruled eastern Shandong Province, hence unifying the province under his rule. </p><p>In 1937 Japan began its invasion of <a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, which would eventually become part of the Pacific theater of the Second World War. Han Fuju was made Deputy Commander in Chief of the 5th War Area and put in charge of defending the lower Yellow River valley. However, he abandoned his base in Jinan when Japanese troops crossed the Yellow River. He was executed for not following orders shortly thereafter. </p><p>During the Japanese occupation, with resistance continuing in the countryside, Shandong was one of the provinces where the scorched-earth <a href="/wiki/Three_Alls_policy" title="Three Alls policy">Three Alls policy</a> ("kill all", "burn all", and "loot all") was implemented by Japanese general <a href="/wiki/Yasuji_Okamura" title="Yasuji Okamura">Yasuji Okamura</a>. This lasted until Japan's surrender in 1945, killing millions of people in Shandong and Northern China. By 1945, communist <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Red_Army" title="Chinese Red Army">Chinese Red Army</a> forces already held some parts of Shandong. Over the next four years of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, they expanded their holdings, eventually driving the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (government of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>) out of Shandong to the island of Taiwan by June 1949, including a noble of the Xiong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">熊</span></span>) family who held the governorship, previously a dukedom during the imperial era, and an ancient viscountcy originating in Chu. The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> was proclaimed in October of that year. </p><p>Under the new government, parts of western Shandong were initially given to the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Pingyuan_Province" title="Pingyuan Province">Pingyuan Province</a>, but this did not last. Shandong also acquired the <a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a> areas from <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> province, but this did not last either. For the most part, Shandong has kept the same borders that it has today. </p><p>About six million people starved to death in Shandong during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">Great Chinese Famine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, Shandong, especially eastern Shandong, has enjoyed significant economic development, becoming one of the People's Republic of China's richest provinces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:50304-Taishan_(49055660366).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/50304-Taishan_%2849055660366%29.jpg/220px-50304-Taishan_%2849055660366%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/50304-Taishan_%2849055660366%29.jpg/330px-50304-Taishan_%2849055660366%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/50304-Taishan_%2849055660366%29.jpg/440px-50304-Taishan_%2849055660366%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1967" /></a><figcaption>The sacred <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rongcheng,_Weihai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rongcheng%2C_Weihai.jpg/220px-Rongcheng%2C_Weihai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rongcheng%2C_Weihai.jpg/330px-Rongcheng%2C_Weihai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rongcheng%2C_Weihai.jpg/440px-Rongcheng%2C_Weihai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1562" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a> from a hill</figcaption></figure> <p>Shandong is on the eastern edge of the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a> and in the lower reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>, and extends out to sea as the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a>. Shandong borders the <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a> to the northeast, east and southeast. It shares a short border with <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> between Henan and Jiangsu. </p><p>The northwestern, western, and southwestern parts of the province are all part of the vast <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>. The province's center is more mountainous, with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a> being the most prominent. The east of the province is the hilly <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a> extending into the sea; <a href="/wiki/Changdao_County" title="Changdao County">Miaodao Archipaelago</a> to the north of Shandong Peninsula is the border of <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a> (west) and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a> (east). The highest peak of Shandong is <a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Jade Emperor Peak">Jade Emperor Peak</a>, with a height of 1,545 metres (5,069 ft), which is also the highest peak in the Mount Tai Ranges. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> passes through Shandong's western areas, since 1855, it has always been entering the sea to Shandong's northern coast; in Shandong, it flows on a <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levee</a>, higher than the surrounding land, and dividing western Shandong into the <a href="/wiki/Hai_He" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai He">Hai He</a> watershed in the north and the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a> watershed in the south. The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</a> enters Shandong from the northwest and leaves on the southwest. <a href="/wiki/Nansi_Lake" title="Nansi Lake">Weishan Lake</a> is the largest lake in the province. Shandong's coastline is 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) long. <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a> has a rocky coastline with cliffs, bays, and islands; <a href="/wiki/Laizhou_Bay" title="Laizhou Bay">Laizhou Bay</a>, the southernmost of the 3 bays of the <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a>, is bordering the northern coast between <a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penglai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai District">Penglai</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay" title="Jiaozhou Bay">Jiaozhou Bay</a>, which is much smaller, is surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Changdao_County" title="Changdao County">Miaodao Islands</a> extends northwards from the northernmost coast of the peninsula, separating the <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>. </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> serving as the province's economic and cultural center, the province's economic prowess has led to the development of modern coastal cities located at <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shandong has a <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climate</a>: <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid continental">humid continental</a> (Köppen <i>Dwa</i>); it is bordering <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">humid subtropical</a> (C<i>wa</i> under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>) in the south. Generally, summers are hot (typical max 35 °C) and rainy (except for eastern parts of Jiaodong Peninsula (typical max 28 °C) and Mount Tai (typical max 20 °C)), while winters are cold and dry. Average temperatures are −9 to 1 °C (16 to 34 °F) in January and 18 to 28 °C (64 to 82 °F) in July. Annual precipitation is 550 to 950 mm (22 to 37 in), the vast majority of which occurs during summer, due to <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoonal</a> influences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shandong is part of the Eastern Block of the <a href="/wiki/North_China_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="North China craton">North China craton</a>. Beginning in the <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a>, Shandong has undergone a crustal thinning that is unusual for a <a href="/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">craton</a> and that has reduced the thickness of the crust from 200 km (120 mi) to as little as 80 km (50 mi). Shandong has hence experienced extensive volcanism in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a>. </p><p>Some geological formations in Shandong are rich in fossils. For example, <a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a> in southeastern Shandong has been the site of discovering many dinosaur fossils. In 2008, about 7,600 dinosaur bones from <i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus</a></i>, and other <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a> were found, likely the largest collection ever discovered at one location.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shandong" title="Special:EditPage/Shandong">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kong_Yanjin_-_bixi_-_seen_from_SSE_-_P1060183.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kong_Yanjin_-_bixi_-_seen_from_SSE_-_P1060183.JPG/220px-Kong_Yanjin_-_bixi_-_seen_from_SSE_-_P1060183.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kong_Yanjin_-_bixi_-_seen_from_SSE_-_P1060183.JPG/330px-Kong_Yanjin_-_bixi_-_seen_from_SSE_-_P1060183.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kong_Yanjin_-_bixi_-_seen_from_SSE_-_P1060183.JPG/440px-Kong_Yanjin_-_bixi_-_seen_from_SSE_-_P1060183.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of the 59th generation senior descendant of Confucius, Kong Yanjin. Many generations of the senior-branch direct descendants of Confucius ruled the Qufu area as its <a href="/wiki/Duke_Yansheng" title="Duke Yansheng">feudal rulers</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shandong" title="Politics of Shandong">Politics of Shandong</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China">List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China</a></div> <p>The Shandong Provincial People's Congress is the highest organ of state power in Shandong province and Shandong's provincial legislature. Its standing committee exercises the majority of the power of The Shandong Provincial People's Congress. The current chairman of the standing committee is <a href="/wiki/Li_Ganjie" title="Li Ganjie">Li Ganjie</a>. </p><p>The Shandong Provincial People's Government is the State Administration in Shandong province. Its main officials are elected and appointed by The Shandong Provincial People's Congress. The provincial government reports to Shandong Provincial People's Congress and <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a>. </p><p>The current <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Shandong">Governor of Shandong</a> is <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Naixiang" title="Zhou Naixiang">Zhou Naixiang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 1832, Shandong was exporting fruits, vegetables, wine, drugs, and deerskin, often heading to <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> to exchange clothing and fabrics.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">economy of Shandong</a> is China's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">third largest provincial economy</a> with a <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of <a href="/wiki/CNY" class="mw-redirect" title="CNY">CNY</a>¥8.3 trillion in 2021 or <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a>$1.3 trillion in (nominal), which is equivalent to the GDP of Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its GDP per capita is around <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">the national average</a>. Compared to a country, it would be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">15th-largest economy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">15th most populous</a> as of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shandong ranks first among the provinces in the production of a variety of products, including <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as precious metals such as <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamonds</a>. It also has one of the biggest <a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">sapphire</a> deposits in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other important crops include <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>. Shandong has extensive <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_China" title="Petroleum industry in China">petroleum</a> deposits as well, especially the <a href="/wiki/Shengli_Oil_Field" title="Shengli Oil Field">Shengli Oil Field</a><sup id="cite_ref-:12_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 39">: 39 </span></sup> (lit. Victory Oilfield) in the <a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a> area in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> delta. Shandong also produces <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">bromine</a> from underground wells and <a href="/wiki/Table_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Table salt">salt</a> from seawater. It is the largest agricultural exporter in China. </p><p>Shandong is one of China's richest provinces, and its economic development focuses on large enterprises with well-known brand names. Shandong is the biggest industrial producer and one of the top manufacturing provinces in China. Shandong has also benefited from <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> investment and tourism, due to its geographical proximity to those countries.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The richest part of the province is the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a>, where the city of <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> is home to three of the most well-known brand names of China: <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Brewery" title="Tsingtao Brewery">Tsingtao</a> <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haier" title="Haier">Haier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hisense" title="Hisense">Hisense</a>. Besides, <a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a>'s oil fields and petroleum industries form an important component of Shandong's economy. Despite the primacy of Shandong's energy sector, the province has also been plagued with problems of inefficiency and ranks as the largest consumer of fossil fuels in all of China.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="10"><b>Historical GDP of Shandong Province, 1952–present</b> (SNA2008)<sup id="cite_ref-SNA2008_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNA2008-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as <a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Int'l.dollar</a> based on IMF WEO October 2017<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center" rowspan="3">year </td> <td align="center" colspan="4"><b>GDP</b> </td> <td align="center" colspan="3"><b>GDP per capita (GDPpc)<br /></b> <i>based on mid-year population </i> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2"><b>Reference index</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center" colspan="3">GDP <i>in millions</i> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="2">real<br />growth<br />(%) </td> <td align="center" colspan="3">GDPpc </td> <td align="center" colspan="2">exchange rate<br /><i>1 foreign currency<br /> to CNY </i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CNY</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Int'l$.</a>) </td> <td>CNY </td> <td>USD </td> <td>PPP<br />(Int'l$.) </td> <td>USD 1 </td> <td>Int'l$. 1<br />(PPP) </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2016</td> <td>6,802,449</td> <td>1,024,110</td> <td>1,943,057</td> <td>7.6</td> <td>68,733</td> <td>10,348</td> <td>19,633</td> <td>6.6423</td> <td>3.5009 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2015</td> <td>6,393,074</td> <td>1,026,439</td> <td>1,801,120</td> <td>8.0</td> <td>65,114</td> <td>10,454</td> <td>18,345</td> <td>6.2284</td> <td>3.5495 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2014</td> <td>6,030,036</td> <td>981,643</td> <td>1,698,410</td> <td>8.7</td> <td>61,774</td> <td>10,056</td> <td>17,399</td> <td>6.1428</td> <td>3.5504 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2013</td> <td>5,602,372</td> <td>904,601</td> <td>1,566,265</td> <td>9.6</td> <td>57,702</td> <td>9,317</td> <td>16,132</td> <td>6.1932</td> <td>3.5769 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2012</td> <td>5,071,045</td> <td>803,334</td> <td>1,428,142</td> <td>9.9</td> <td>52,490</td> <td>8,315</td> <td>14,783</td> <td>6.3125</td> <td>3.5508 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2011</td> <td>4,543,951</td> <td>703,529</td> <td>1,296,235</td> <td>10.9</td> <td>47,416</td> <td>7,341</td> <td>13,526</td> <td>6.4588</td> <td>3.5055 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2010</td> <td>3,962,074</td> <td>585,283</td> <td>1,196,784</td> <td>12.3</td> <td>41,579</td> <td>6,142</td> <td>12,559</td> <td>6.7695</td> <td>3.3106 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2009</td> <td>3,425,154</td> <td>501,413</td> <td>1,084,768</td> <td>12.2</td> <td>36,270</td> <td>5,310</td> <td>11,487</td> <td>6.8310</td> <td>3.1575 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2008</td> <td>3,123,138</td> <td>449,689</td> <td>983,108</td> <td>12.1</td> <td>33,253</td> <td>4,788</td> <td>10,467</td> <td>6.9451</td> <td>3.1768 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2007</td> <td>2,599,074</td> <td>341,804</td> <td>862,076</td> <td>14.3</td> <td>27,833</td> <td>3,660</td> <td>9,232</td> <td>7.6040</td> <td>3.0149 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2006</td> <td>2,205,967</td> <td>276,721</td> <td>766,573</td> <td>14.7</td> <td>23,775</td> <td>2,982</td> <td>8,262</td> <td>7.9718</td> <td>2.8777 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2005</td> <td>1,849,700</td> <td>225,802</td> <td>646,974</td> <td>15.1</td> <td>20,075</td> <td>2,451</td> <td>7,022</td> <td>8.1917</td> <td>2.8590 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2000</td> <td>833,747</td> <td>100,714</td> <td>306,604</td> <td>10.3</td> <td>9,326</td> <td>1,127</td> <td>3,430</td> <td>8.2784</td> <td>2.7193 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1990</td> <td>151,119</td> <td>31,594</td> <td>88,758</td> <td>5.3</td> <td>1,815</td> <td>379</td> <td>1,066</td> <td>4.7832</td> <td>1.7026 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1980</td> <td>29,213</td> <td>19,496</td> <td>19,534</td> <td>12.2</td> <td>402</td> <td>268</td> <td>269</td> <td>1.4984</td> <td>1.4955 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1978</td> <td>22,545</td> <td>14,498</td> <td></td> <td>10.1</td> <td>316</td> <td>203</td> <td></td> <td>1.5550</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1970</td> <td>12,631</td> <td>5,131</td> <td></td> <td>15.7</td> <td>199</td> <td>81</td> <td></td> <td>2.4618</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1965</td> <td>8,625</td> <td>3,504</td> <td></td> <td>22.0</td> <td>152</td> <td>62</td> <td></td> <td>2.4618</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1957</td> <td>6,139</td> <td>2,358</td> <td></td> <td>-3.5</td> <td>116</td> <td>45</td> <td></td> <td>2.6040</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1952</td> <td>4,381</td> <td>1,971</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>91</td> <td>41</td> <td></td> <td>2.2227</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wine_industry">Wine industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wine industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">Wine in China</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese-Vineyards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chinese-Vineyards.jpg/280px-Chinese-Vineyards.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chinese-Vineyards.jpg/420px-Chinese-Vineyards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chinese-Vineyards.jpg/560px-Chinese-Vineyards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Shandong coastal vineyards</figcaption></figure> <p>The production of wine is the second largest<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> industry in the Shandong Province, second only to agriculture. </p><p>Geographically, the <a href="/wiki/Coastal" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal">coastal</a> areas remain relatively flat. Most of the soil is loose, well-ventilated, and rich in minerals and <a href="/wiki/Organic_matter" title="Organic matter">organic matter</a> that enable full development of the <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">root</a> systems. </p><p>Presently, there are more than 140 wineries in the region, mainly distributed in the Nanwang Grape Valley and the Yan-Peng Sightseeing Highway(both are in <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a>). The region produced more than 40% of China's grape wine production.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Main varieties such as <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Gernischt" title="Cabernet Gernischt">Cabernet Gernischt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a> are all at 20 years of age, considered to be the golden stage for these grapes. Most of them maintain an average saccharinity of above 20%. </p><p><b>Major producers</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changyu" title="Changyu">Changyu Pioneer Wine Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_Wine" title="Great Wall Wine">China Great Wall Wine Co. Ltd.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_and_technological_development_zones">Economic and technological development zones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economic and technological development zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> High-tech Industrial Development Zone</li></ul> <p>Founded in 1991, the Jinan High-tech Industrial Development zone was one of the first of its kind approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a>. The zone is located to the east of the city and covers a total planning area of 83 km<sup>2</sup> (32 sq mi) that is divided into a central area covering 33 km<sup>2</sup> (13 sq mi), an export processing district of 10 km<sup>2</sup> (3.9 sq mi), and an eastern extension area of 40 km<sup>2</sup> (15 sq mi). Since its foundation, the Jinan High-tech Industrial Development Zone has attracted enterprises as LG, Panasonic, Volvo, and Sanyo. In 2000, it joined the world science and technology association and set up a China-Ukraine High-tech Cooperation Park. The Qilu Software Park became the sister park of Bangalore park of India.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> Export Processing Zone</li></ul> <p>The export processing zone is located in the eastern suburbs of Jinan, east of the Jinan High-tech Industrial Development Zone, and to the north of the Jiwang highway. The distances to the Jiqing Highway and the <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinan Airport">Jinan Airport</a> are 9 and 18 km (5.6 and 11.2 mi) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> Economic & Technological Development Area</li></ul> <p>Approved by the State Council in October 1984, Qingdao Economic and Technical Development Zone has a plan of 12.5 km<sup>2</sup> (4.8 sq mi). In 2004 the local GDP was ¥27.51 billion, which increased by 28.9%; the total industrial output value is ¥60.6 billion, which increased by 31%. There have been 48 projects invested by companies listed among the Global <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> in the zone. With the fast development of reform and opening-up, <a href="/wiki/Haier" title="Haier">Haier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hisense" title="Hisense">Hisense</a>, Aucma, <a href="/wiki/Sinopec" title="Sinopec">Sinopec</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Shipbuilding_Industry_Corporation" title="China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation">CSIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNOOC" class="mw-redirect" title="CNOOC">CNOOC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CIMC" class="mw-redirect" title="CIMC">CIMC</a> etc. are all located in the zone.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> Free Trade Zone</li></ul> <p>The State Council established Qingdao Free Trade Zone in 1992. The zone is 60 km (37 mi) away from Qingdao Liuting Airport. It is also close to <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Qianwan_Container_Terminal" title="Qingdao Qianwan Container Terminal">Qingdao Qianwan Container Terminal</a>. At present, more than 40 foreign-invested enterprises have moved in, and 2000 projects have been approved. It is one of the special economic areas which enjoys the most favorable investment policies on customs, foreign exchange, foreign trade, and taxation in China.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> High-tech Industrial Zone</li></ul> <p>The State Council approved Qingdao High-Tech Industrial Development Zone in 1992. The zone is located close to <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Liuting_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao Liuting Airport">Qingdao Liuting Airport</a> and Qingdao Harbor. Encouraged industries include electronic information, biotechnology, medicine, new materials, new energy, advanced equipment manufacturing, marine science & technology, national defense technology.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a> Binhai Economic & Technological Development Area (BEDA)</li></ul> <p>Established in August 1995, Weifang Binhai Economic & Technological Development Area (BEDA) is a national economic and technological development area approved by the State Council. Covering an area of 677 km<sup>2</sup> (261 sq mi), BEDA has a population of 100,000. BEDA possesses a large state-owned industrial land for use with an area of 400 km<sup>2</sup> (150 sq mi). The land can be transacted conveniently, guaranteeing the demand of any project construction and providing broad development space for the enterprises in the area. Continuously, BEDA has been accredited as National Demonstration Zone invigorating the Sea by Science and Technology, National Innovation Base for Rejuvenating Trade through Science and Technology and National Demonstration Eco-Industry Park. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a> Economic & Technological Development Zone</li></ul> <p>Weihai Economic and Technological Development Zone is a state-level development zone approved by the State Council on Oct 21, 1992. The administrative area has an area of 194 km<sup>2</sup> (75 sq mi), including the programmed area of 36 km<sup>2</sup> (14 sq mi) and an initial area of 11.88 km<sup>2</sup> (4.59 sq mi). Its nearest port is Weihai Port, and the airport closest to the zone is Wuhai Airport.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a> Export Processing Zone</li></ul> <p>Weihai Export & Processing Zone (EPZ) was set up by the approval of the State Council on April 27, 2000. Weihai EPZ is located in Weihai Economic & Technological Development Zone with programmed area of 2.6 km<sup>2</sup> (1.0 sq mi). Weihai EPZ belongs to comprehensive export & processing zone. The EPZ is located 30 km (19 mi) to Weihai Airport, 3 km (1.9 mi) to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weihai_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weihai railway station (page does not exist)">Weihai railway station</a> and 4 km (2.5 mi) to Weihai Harbor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a> Torch Hi-Tech Science Park</li></ul> <p>Weihai Torch Hi-Tech Science Park is a state-level development zone approved by the State Council in March 1991. Located in Weihai's northwest zone of culture, education and science, the Park has the total area of 111.9 square kilometers (43.2 sq mi), the coastal line of 30.5 kilometers (19.0 mi) and 150,000 residents. It is 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the city center, 4 km (2.5 mi) away from Weihai Port, 10 km (6.2 mi) away from Weihai railway station, 30 km (19 mi) away from Weihai Airport and 80 km (50 mi) away from Yantai Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a> Economic and Technological Development Area</li></ul> <p>Yantai Economic and Technological Development Area is one of the earliest approved state level economic development zones in China. It now has planned area of 10 km<sup>2</sup> (3.9 sq mi) and a population of 115,000. It lies on the tip of the Shandong Peninsula facing the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>. It adjoins to downtown Yantai, merely 6 km (3.7 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Yantai_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantai Port">Yantai Port</a>, 6 km (3.7 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Yantai_railway_station" title="Yantai railway station">Yantai railway station</a>, and a 30-minute drive to <a href="/wiki/Yantai_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantai International Airport">Yantai International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a> Export Processing Zone</li></ul> <p>Yantai Export Processing Zone (YTEPZ) is one of the first 15 export processing zones approved by the State Council. The total construction area of YTEPZ is 4.17 m<sup>2</sup> (44.9 sq ft), in which the initial zone covers 3 km<sup>2</sup> (1.2 sq mi). After developing for several years, YTEPZ is completely constructed. At present, the infrastructure has been completed, standard workshops of 120,000 m<sup>2</sup> (140,000 sq yd) and bonded warehouses of 40,000 m<sup>2</sup> (430,000 sq ft) have been built up. Up to now, owning perfect investment environment and conditions, YTEPZ has attracted investors both from foreign countries and regions such as Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Sweden, the United States, Canada, etc., and from the domestic to invest and operate in the zone.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a> National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1912<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,989,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1928<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,672,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936-37<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">38,100,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1947<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">38,865,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1954<sup id="cite_ref-census1954_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1954-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">48,876,548</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+25.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964<sup id="cite_ref-census1964_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1964-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">55,519,038</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982<sup id="cite_ref-census1982_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1982-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">74,419,054</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+34.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990<sup id="cite_ref-census1990_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1990-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">84,392,827</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000<sup id="cite_ref-census2000_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2000-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">89,971,789</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2010<sup id="cite_ref-census2010_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2010-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">95,793,065</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+6.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">101,527,453</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Qingdao was part of Shandong Province until 1929; dissolved in 1949 and incorporated into Shandong Province.<br />Weihai, also known as Weihaiwei. Established in 1930, dissolved in 1945, and incorporated into Shandong Province.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shandong is the second most populous province of China, after <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, just slightly ahead of <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>, with a population of more than 101,527,453 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020 Chinese census</a>. Over 99% of Shandong's population is <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>. Minority groups include the <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchus</a>. Shandong citizens are also known to have the tallest average height of any Chinese province. As of 2010, 16-18-year-old male students in Yantai measured 176.4 centimetres (5 ft 9.4 in) while female students measured 164 cm (5 ft 5 in).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Honeydew; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 12.888357852919px 100px 0; border-right-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 9.3893935867404px 100px 0; border-right-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 1.7594734150939px 100px 0; border-right-color:FireBrick"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:FireBrick"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Shandong<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2015_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2015-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:FireBrick; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">Chinese ancestral religion</a> (25.28%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (1.21%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (0.55%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Honeydew; color:black;"> </span> Other religions or not religious people<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (80.05%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The predominant religions in Shandong are <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist traditions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a>. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 25,28% of the population believes in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">ancestor veneration</a>, while 1.21% of the population identifies as Christian, decreasing from 1.30% in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2015_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2015-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christians were 1.89% of the province's population in 1949, the largest proportion in China at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2015_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2015-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a survey of the year 2010, Muslims constitute 0.55% of Shandong's population up from 0.14% in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-2010-Islam_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010-Islam-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; 80.05% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">worship of nature deities</a>, Buddhism, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, Taoism, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">folk religious sects</a>. Shandong is the province where <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> was born in the year 551 B.C. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>: The most well-known religion and/or philosophy of Shandong is Confucianism. Each year thousands of people come to Shandong to visit and learn about Confucius' culture. According to Chinese tradition, Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. His teachings, preserved in the Lunyu or Analects, form the foundation of much of subsequent Chinese speculation on the ideal man's education and comportment, how such an individual should live his life and interact with others, and the forms of society and government in which he should participate. Additionally, there are many famous books about Confucius; the most famous one is the Analects written by his students. Confucius also helped edit <a href="/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classics" title="Four Books and Five Classics">The Five Classics (五经)</a>. The Five Classics include The Book of Songs, History, Changes and Rites.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famous_view_and_arts">Famous view and arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Famous view and arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shaolin_(martial_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Shaolin (martial art)">Northern Shaolin</a> Seven Star Praying Mantis style of kung fu is also taught in this province. It is also said that Northern Mantis had originated here and not in the Shaolin temple in <a href="/wiki/Henan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Henan Province">Henan Province</a>, which is always stated in books.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Guandi is also known for Guangong, Guanyu. He is a famous general in the book <i><a href="/wiki/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Romance of the Three Kingdoms">Romance of the Three Kingdoms</a></i>. In Daojiao (a traditional Chinese religion), Guangong is also one of the four Protectors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cemetery_of_Confucius" title="Cemetery of Confucius">Cemetery of Confucius</a> and the Kong is a very famous <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in China, and it is also a 5A Tourist Attraction. Lying to the Temple's east, the <a href="/wiki/Kong_Family_Mansion" title="Kong Family Mansion">Kong Family Mansion</a> developed from a small family house linked to the temple into an aristocratic mansion. The male direct descendants of Confucius lived and worked.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altar_to_Guandi,_Temple_of_Guandi,_Jinan,_Shandong,_China.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Altar of the Temple of Guandi in Jinan"><img alt="Altar of the Temple of Guandi in Jinan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png/271px-Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png/406px-Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png/542px-Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Altar of the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guandi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9B%B2%E9%98%9C%E5%AD%94%E5%BB%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E6%AE%BF2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hall of the Great Perfection of the Temple of Confucius in Qufu"><img alt="Hall of the Great Perfection of the Temple of Confucius in Qufu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%E6%9B%B2%E9%98%9C%E5%AD%94%E5%BB%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E6%AE%BF2.jpg/321px-%E6%9B%B2%E9%98%9C%E5%AD%94%E5%BB%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E6%AE%BF2.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%E6%9B%B2%E9%98%9C%E5%AD%94%E5%BB%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E6%AE%BF2.jpg/481px-%E6%9B%B2%E9%98%9C%E5%AD%94%E5%BB%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E6%AE%BF2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%E6%9B%B2%E9%98%9C%E5%AD%94%E5%BB%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E6%AE%BF2.jpg/641px-%E6%9B%B2%E9%98%9C%E5%AD%94%E5%BB%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E6%AE%BF2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hall of the Great Perfection of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple of Confucius</a> in <a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Thean_Hou_Temple_of_Qingdao_2007-04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Temple of Mazu in Qingdao"><img alt="Temple of Mazu in Qingdao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Thean_Hou_Temple_of_Qingdao_2007-04.JPG/240px-The_Thean_Hou_Temple_of_Qingdao_2007-04.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Thean_Hou_Temple_of_Qingdao_2007-04.JPG/360px-The_Thean_Hou_Temple_of_Qingdao_2007-04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Thean_Hou_Temple_of_Qingdao_2007-04.JPG/480px-The_Thean_Hou_Temple_of_Qingdao_2007-04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3099" data-file-height="2324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Temple of <a href="/wiki/Mazu_(deity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazu (deity)">Mazu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shandong" title="List of administrative divisions of Shandong">List of administrative divisions of Shandong</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Shandong" title="List of township-level divisions of Shandong">List of township-level divisions of Shandong</a></div> <p>Shandong is divided into 16 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Prefectural_level" title="Administrative divisions of China">prefecture-level divisions</a>: all <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level cities</a> (including two <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_divisions_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China">sub-provincial cities</a>). On January 1, 2019, <a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a> was wholly annexed to Jinan: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">Administrative divisions of Shandong </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="font-size:larger"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 790px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Administrative_Division_Shandong.svg/790px-Administrative_Division_Shandong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="790" height="500" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Administrative_Division_Shandong.svg/1185px-Administrative_Division_Shandong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Administrative_Division_Shandong.svg/1580px-Administrative_Division_Shandong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:229px; top:212px"><b><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:529px; top:237px"><b><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:314px; top:207px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:234px; top:424.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:356.5px; top:97px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:584px; top:142px"><b><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:404px; top:227px"><b><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:179px; top:364.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:211.5px; top:292px"><b><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:704px; top:152px"><b><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:414px; top:347px"><b><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:324px; top:377px"><b><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:169px; top:137px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:84px; top:237px"><b><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:276.5px; top:102px"><b><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:74px; top:397px"><b><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></b></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Division </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area in km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-nj2013_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj2013-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Population (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Divisions<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Districts</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">Counties</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">CL cities</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <th>370000</th> <th>Shandong Province </th> <td>157,100.00</td> <td>101,527,453</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> city</td> <td>58</td> <td>52</td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#98fb98"> <th>370100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> city </th> <td>10,247.01</td> <td>9,202,432</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lixia District">Lixia District</a></td> <td>10</td> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#98fb98"> <th>370200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> city </th> <td>11,175.30</td> <td>10,071,722</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District">Shinan District</a></td> <td>7</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>370300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a> city </th> <td>5,965.17</td> <td>4,704,138</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhangdian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangdian District">Zhangdian District</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>370400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a> city </th> <td>4,563.22</td> <td>3,855,601</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xuecheng_District" title="Xuecheng District">Xuecheng District</a></td> <td>5</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>370500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a> city </th> <td>7,923.26</td> <td>2,193,518</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongying_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongying District">Dongying District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>370600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a> city </th> <td>13,746.47</td> <td>7,102,116</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laishan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laishan District">Laishan District</a></td> <td>5</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>370700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a> city </th> <td>16,143.14</td> <td>9,386,705</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuiwen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiwen District">Kuiwen District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>370800</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a> city </th> <td>11,186.98</td> <td>8,357,897</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rencheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rencheng District">Rencheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>370900</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a> city </th> <td>7,761.83</td> <td>5,472,217</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taishan_District,_Tai%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishan District, Tai'an">Taishan District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>371000</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a> city </th> <td>5,796.98</td> <td>2,906,548</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huancui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huancui District">Huancui District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>371100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a> city </th> <td>5,347.99</td> <td>2,968,365</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donggang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Donggang District">Donggang District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>371300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a> city </th> <td>17,191.21</td> <td>11,018,365</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanshan_District,_Linyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanshan District, Linyi">Lanshan District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>9</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>371400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a> city </th> <td>10,356.32</td> <td>5,611,194</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Decheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Decheng District">Decheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>371500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a> city </th> <td>8,714.57</td> <td>5,952,128</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongchangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchangfu District">Dongchangfu District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>371600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a> city </th> <td>9,444.65</td> <td>3,928,568</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bincheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bincheng District">Bincheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>371700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a> city </th> <td>12,193.85</td> <td>8,795,939</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mudan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudan District">Mudan District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#98FB98; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_divisions_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations </th></tr> <tr> <th>English</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th>Pinyin </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Shandong Province</b></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">山东省</span></span></td> <td><b>Shāndōng Shěng</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">济南市</span></span></td> <td>Jǐnán Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">青岛市</span></span></td> <td>Qīngdǎo Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">淄博市</span></span></td> <td>Zībó Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">枣庄市</span></span></td> <td>Zǎozhuāng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">东营市</span></span></td> <td>Dōngyíng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">烟台市</span></span></td> <td>Yāntái Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">潍坊市</span></span></td> <td>Wéifāng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">济宁市</span></span></td> <td>Jǐníng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">泰安市</span></span></td> <td>Tài'ān Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">威海市</span></span></td> <td>Wēihǎi Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">日照市</span></span></td> <td>Rìzhào Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">临沂市</span></span></td> <td>Línyí Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">德州市</span></span></td> <td>Dézhōu Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">聊城市</span></span></td> <td>Liáochéng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">滨州市</span></span></td> <td>Bīnzhōu Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">菏泽市</span></span></td> <td>Hézé Shì </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 16 prefecture-level cities of Shandong are subdivided into 137 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#County_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">county-level divisions</a> (55 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>, 26 <a href="/wiki/County-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level cities">county-level cities</a>, and 56 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>). Those are in turn divided into 1941 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">township-level divisions</a> (1223 <a href="/wiki/Town_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Town of China">towns</a>, 293 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Townships of the People's Republic of China">townships</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_township" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic township">ethnic townships</a>, and 423 <a href="/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Urban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities </th></tr> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>City</th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #aaffaa;">District area<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #ffaaaa;">City proper<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Census date </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Jinan_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jinan-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>3,527,566</td> <td>4,335,989</td> <td>8,396,142</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(1)</td> <td>Jinan <span style="font-size:85%;">(new districts)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Jinan_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jinan-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,261,040</td> <td>2,880,687</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jinan</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup id="cite_ref-Qingdao_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qingdao-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>3,519,919</td> <td>3,718,835</td> <td>8,715,087</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(2)</td> <td>Qingdao <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Qingdao_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qingdao-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,036,158</td> <td>2,045,549</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Qingdao</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></td> <td>2,261,717</td> <td>3,129,228</td> <td>4,530,597</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></td> <td>1,797,861</td> <td>2,227,733</td> <td>6,968,202</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></td> <td>1,522,488</td> <td>2,303,648</td> <td>10,039,440</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></td> <td>1,261,582</td> <td>2,044,028</td> <td>9,086,241</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></td> <td>1,123,541</td> <td>1,735,425</td> <td>5,494,207</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></td> <td>980,893</td> <td>2,125,481</td> <td>3,729,140</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jining_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jining-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>939,034</td> <td>1,241,012</td> <td>8,081,905</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(9)</td> <td>Jining <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Jining_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jining-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>388,449</td> <td>618,394</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jining</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></td> <td>902,272</td> <td>1,320,578</td> <td>2,801,013</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dongying_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dongying-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>848,958</td> <td>1,004,271</td> <td>2,035,338</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(11)</td> <td>Dongying <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Dongying_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dongying-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>114,073</td> <td>242,292</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dongying</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></td> <td>783,473</td> <td>1,603,659</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zaozhuang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a><sup id="cite_ref-Weihai_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weihai-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>698,863</td> <td>844,310</td> <td>2,804,771</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(13)</td> <td>Weihai <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Weihai_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weihai-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>310,628</td> <td>673,625</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Weihai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></td> <td>672,207</td> <td>1,315,942</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Tai'an</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></td> <td>606,366</td> <td>1,229,768</td> <td>5,789,863</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></td> <td>586,652</td> <td>1,086,222</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Weifang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a><sup id="cite_ref-Heze_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heze-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>559,636</td> <td>1,346,717</td> <td>8,287,693</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(17)</td> <td>Heze <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Heze_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heze-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>166,037</td> <td>565,793</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Heze</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dezhou_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dezhou-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>526,232</td> <td>679,535</td> <td>5,568,235</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(18)</td> <td>Dezhou <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Dezhou_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dezhou-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>170,317</td> <td>569,007</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dezhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></td> <td>513,418</td> <td>1,116,692</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jining</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></td> <td>476,274</td> <td>1,139,454</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Weifang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></td> <td>472,775</td> <td>946,627</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Tai'an</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></td> <td>466,786</td> <td>895,582</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Weifang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></td> <td>427,694</td> <td>868,348</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Qingdao</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a><sup id="cite_ref-Binzhou_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binzhou-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>407,820</td> <td>682,717</td> <td>3,748,474</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(24)</td> <td>Binzhou <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Binzhou_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binzhou-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>146,577</td> <td>351,672</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Binzhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></td> <td>404,216</td> <td>1357,424</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Qingdao</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow"> <td>(26)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zouping" title="Zouping">Zouping</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zouping_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zouping-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>389,003</td> <td>778,777</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Binzhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></td> <td>388,770</td> <td>688,255</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yantai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></td> <td>384,358</td> <td>940,355</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Weifang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></td> <td>379,789</td> <td>883,896</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yantai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></td> <td>376,337</td> <td>719,611</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Liaocheng</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></td> <td>363,420</td> <td>714,355</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Weihai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></td> <td>358,092</td> <td>878,591</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yantai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></td> <td>347,452</td> <td>750,225</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Qingdao</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></td> <td>302,805</td> <td>640,498</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jining</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></td> <td>300,160</td> <td>926,894</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Weifang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></td> <td>287,720</td> <td>603,482</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Weifang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></td> <td>281,780</td> <td>566,244</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yantai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></td> <td>259,876</td> <td>572,481</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Weihai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></td> <td>244,600</td> <td>638,729</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yantai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leling" class="mw-redirect" title="Leling">Leling</a></td> <td>214,238</td> <td>652,415</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dezhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></td> <td>204,633</td> <td>589,620</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yantai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></td> <td>203,724</td> <td>490,031</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dezhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></td> <td>185,894</td> <td>451,109</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yantai</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">shan-<span style="font-size:90%">DUUNG</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">shahn-<span style="font-size:90%">DAWNG</span></i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">山东</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">山東</span>; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">alternately romanized</a> as <b>Shantung</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jinan-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jinan_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jinan_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a> PLC is currently no longer exist after census it merged with Jinan in 2019. Laiwu PLC's districts merged after census: <a href="/wiki/Laiwu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu District">Laiwu (Laicheng)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangcheng District">Gangcheng</a>; and new districts established after census: <a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu (Zhangqiu CLC)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiyang_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiyang District, Jinan">Jiyang (Jiyang County)</a>. Laiwu PLC's districts and the new districts not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qingdao-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qingdao_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qingdao_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo (Jimo CLC)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jiaonan" title="Jiaonan">Jiaonan CLC</a> merged into <a href="/wiki/Xihai%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Xihai'an">Xihai'an (Huangdao)</a> after census. The new district and annexed area not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jining-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jining_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jining_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Yanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanzhou District">Yanzhou (Yanzhou CLC)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dongying-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dongying_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dongying_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Kenli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenli District">Kenli (Kenli County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weihai-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weihai_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weihai_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Wendeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendeng District">Wendeng (Wendeng CLC)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heze-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heze_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heze_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Dingtao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingtao District">Dingtao (Dingtao County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dezhou-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dezhou_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dezhou_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Lingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingcheng District">Lingcheng (Lingxian County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Binzhou-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Binzhou_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Binzhou_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Zhanhua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanhua District">Zhanhua (Zhanhua County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zouping-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zouping_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zouping County is currently known as Zouping CLC after census.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Most populous cities in Shandong</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source: <i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i> Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:May_Wind_20090215.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qingdao"><img alt="Qingdao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/May_Wind_20090215.jpg/120px-May_Wind_20090215.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/May_Wind_20090215.jpg/180px-May_Wind_20090215.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/May_Wind_20090215.jpg/240px-May_Wind_20090215.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qianfoshanpark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jinan"><img alt="Jinan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Qianfoshanpark.jpg/120px-Qianfoshanpark.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Qianfoshanpark.jpg/180px-Qianfoshanpark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Qianfoshanpark.jpg/240px-Qianfoshanpark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="760" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,127,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">968,500 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yinqueshan_Han_tomb_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Linyi"><img alt="Linyi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Yinqueshan_Han_tomb_museum.jpg/120px-Yinqueshan_Han_tomb_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Yinqueshan_Han_tomb_museum.jpg/180px-Yinqueshan_Han_tomb_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Yinqueshan_Han_tomb_museum.jpg/240px-Yinqueshan_Han_tomb_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yantai2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yantai"><img alt="Yantai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Yantai2017.jpg/120px-Yantai2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Yantai2017.jpg/180px-Yantai2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Yantai2017.jpg/240px-Yantai2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3355" data-file-height="2233" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,154,900</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">917,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,188,300</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">911,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,186,100</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">910,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,824,600</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">900,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,577,400</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">887,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,497,600</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">720,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,074,200</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">574,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,027,100</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">555,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,025,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">496,900 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Shandong_Dialects.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_Shandong_Dialects.png/220px-Map_of_Shandong_Dialects.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_Shandong_Dialects.png/330px-Map_of_Shandong_Dialects.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_Shandong_Dialects.png/440px-Map_of_Shandong_Dialects.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>Map of Shandong Dialects</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin dialects">Mandarin dialects</a> are spoken in Shandong. Linguists classify these dialects into three broad categories: <a href="/wiki/Ji_Lu_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Lu Mandarin">Ji Lu Mandarin</a> spoken in the northwest (as well as in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>), such as the <a href="/wiki/Jinan_dialect" title="Jinan dialect">Jinan dialect</a>; <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a> spoken in the southwest (as well as in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Jiao_Liao_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiao Liao Mandarin">Jiao Liao Mandarin</a> spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a> (as well as the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a>(e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a>) and the southeastern Jilin(e.g., <a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a>)), such as the <a href="/wiki/Weihai_dialect" title="Weihai dialect">Weihai Dialect</a>. When people speak of the "Shandong dialect" (<span lang="zh-Hant">山東話</span>), it is generally the first or the second that is meant; the Jiao Liao dialects of Shandong are commonly called the "Jiaodong dialect" (<span lang="zh-Hant">膠東話</span>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a> (<span lang="zh">鲁菜</span>) is one of the eight great traditions of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a>. It is known for its bread(corn-based) and fish dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be more finely divided into inland Shandong cuisine (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinan cuisine (page does not exist)">Jinan cuisine</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a>-centered <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiaodong_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiaodong cuisine (page does not exist)">Jiaodong cuisine</a> in the peninsula; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confucius%27s_Mansion_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confucius's Mansion cuisine (page does not exist)">Confucius's Mansion cuisine</a>, an elaborate tradition originally intended for imperial and other important feasts. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Bangzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Bangzi (page does not exist)">Shandong Bangzi</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCju" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüju">Lüju</a> are popular types of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Chinese opera</a> in Shandong; both originated from southwestern Shandong. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jingjiu_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingjiu railway">Jingjiu railway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Jinghu_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinghu railway">Jinghu railway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>-<a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>) are both major arterial railways that pass through the western part of Shandong. The Jingjiu passes through <a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a>; the Jinghu passes through <a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yanzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanzhou">Yanzhou</a> (the Jinghu high-speed railway will through <a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Jiaoji_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaoji railway">Jiaoji railway</a> is an important railway of Shandong, linking its two largest cities of <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, with the longest history of all. </p><p>Shandong has one of the densest and highest quality <a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_China" title="Expressways of China">expressway</a> networks among all Chinese provinces. These <a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_China" title="Expressways of China">National Trunk Highway System (NTHS)</a> expressways pass through or begin in Shandong. Expressways that begin in Shandong are in <b>bold</b>: </p> <ul><li>G2 <a href="/wiki/Jinghu_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinghu Expressway">Jinghu Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>–<a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>)</li> <li>G3 <a href="/wiki/Jingtai_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingtai Expressway">Jingtai Expressway</a> (Beijing–<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>)</li> <li>G15 <a href="/wiki/Shenhai_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhai Expressway">Shenhai Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>–<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a>)</li> <li><b>G18 <a href="/wiki/G18_Rongcheng%E2%80%93Wuhai_Expressway" title="G18 Rongcheng–Wuhai Expressway">Rongwu Expressway</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a>–<a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>)</li> <li><b>G20 <a href="/wiki/G20_Qingdao%E2%80%93Yinchuan_Expressway" title="G20 Qingdao–Yinchuan Expressway">Qingyin Expressway</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>–<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>)</li> <li><b>G22 <a href="/wiki/G22_Qingdao%E2%80%93Lanzhou_Expressway" title="G22 Qingdao–Lanzhou Expressway">Qinglan Expressway</a></b> (Qingdao–<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>)</li> <li>G25 <a href="/wiki/G25_Changchun%E2%80%93Shenzhen_Expressway" title="G25 Changchun–Shenzhen Expressway">Changshen Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>–<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>)</li></ul> <p>There are also many shorter regional expressways within Shandong. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a>, with its bays and harbours, has many important ports, including <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a>, Dongying and <a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a>. Many of these ports have historical significance and the sites of former foreign naval bases or historical battles. Ferries link the cities on the north coast of the peninsula with the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a>, further north across the sea. </p><p>Important airports include <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Yaoqiang_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinan Yaoqiang Airport">Jinan Yaoqiang Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Jiaodong_International_Airport" title="Qingdao Jiaodong International Airport">Qingdao Jiaodong International Airport</a>. Other airports are <a href="/wiki/Dongying_Shengli_Airport" title="Dongying Shengli Airport">Dongying Shengli Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jining_Qufu_Airport" title="Jining Qufu Airport">Jining Qufu Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linyi_Shubuling_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Linyi Shubuling Airport">Linyi Shubuling Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weifang_Airport" title="Weifang Airport">Weifang Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weihai_Dashuibo_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Weihai Dashuibo Airport">Weihai Dashuibo Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yantai_Laishan_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantai Laishan International Airport">Yantai Laishan International Airport</a>. </p><p>As of the end of 2018, <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Metro" title="Qingdao Metro">Qingdao</a> is the only city in Shandong with a metro system, with four lines in operation. <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Metro" title="Jinan Metro">Jinan</a> was opened in early 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourist attractions in Shandong include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, the capital city of Shandong since <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, renowned for its <a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_in_Jinan#Springs" title="List of sites in Jinan">72 Famous Springs</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring</a>, a culturally significant artesian karst spring, declared as "Number One Spring under the Heaven" (<span lang="zh-Hans">天下第一泉</span>) by the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a>, the largest lake in Jinan, whose water is from the area's springs. <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> described its beauty in his works.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Thousand Buddha Mountain</a>, renowned for its numerous Buddha images which have been carved out of the hill's rock faces or free-standing structures erect since the times of the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> and its Xingguochan Temple.</li> <li>Fuxue <a href="/wiki/Confucian_Temple_of_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucian Temple of Jinan">Confucian Temple of Jinan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyan_Temple_(Jinan)" title="Lingyan Temple (Jinan)">Lingyan Temple</a>, one of the four most famous temples (<span lang="zh-Hans">四大名刹</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, in which there is 11th century <a href="/wiki/Pizhi_Pagoda" title="Pizhi Pagoda">Pizhi Pagoda</a> and the Thousand Buddha Hall which houses a <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> bronze Buddha statue as well as 40 painted clay statues of life-size <a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">luohan</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>.</li> <li>remnant of <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Qi" title="Great Wall of Qi">Great Wall of Qi</a>, the oldest existing Great Wall in China, which is built in 685 BCE and stretches from <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai City">Penglai</a>, a town on the north of the Shandong peninsula famed in <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> (a former German port city), is a beach resort city on the south of the peninsula that has <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a>-era heritage <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> and is also famous for its <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsingtao beer">Tsingtao beer</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Da_Guan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba Da Guan">Ba Da Guan</a>, made up of eight streets named after the eight great military forts of ancient times.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhan_Qiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhan Qiao">Zhan Qiao</a>, a long strip pier stretches into the sea and was the first wharf at Qingdao.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laoshan District">Laoshan</a>, a scenic area and <a href="/wiki/Daoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Daoist">Daoist</a> center to the east of Qingdao.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a>, an ancient trading and administrative center with some famous archaeological discoveries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a>, a former British port city important in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">second Sino-Japanese War</a> has <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a>-era heritage <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cemetery_of_Confucius" title="Cemetery of Confucius">Cemetery of Confucius</a>, and the Kong Family Mansion in <a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kong_Yuxu_-_two_bixi_-_seen_from_S_-_P1060231.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kong_Yuxu_-_two_bixi_-_seen_from_S_-_P1060231.JPG/220px-Kong_Yuxu_-_two_bixi_-_seen_from_S_-_P1060231.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kong_Yuxu_-_two_bixi_-_seen_from_S_-_P1060231.JPG/330px-Kong_Yuxu_-_two_bixi_-_seen_from_S_-_P1060231.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kong_Yuxu_-_two_bixi_-_seen_from_S_-_P1060231.JPG/440px-Kong_Yuxu_-_two_bixi_-_seen_from_S_-_P1060231.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>The northern quarters of the <a href="/wiki/Cemetery_of_Confucius" title="Cemetery of Confucius">Cemetery of Confucius</a></figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Tai Shan</a>, sacred mountain, in <a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a> has numerous natural and historic sites, such as Shihu Garden (from the Late Ming and early Qing dynasty), Fangong Pavilion (from the Song dynasty), fossil sites (including dinosaur fossils, in Shanwang, Linqu), Mount Yi National Forest Park and Mount Qingyun. Yangjiabu has painted New Year woodcuts, which are also famous all around China.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">List of universities and colleges in Shandong</a></div><p>Shandong is considered one of China's leading provinces in education and research. Shandong hosts 153 <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">higher education institutions</a>, ranking second in the East China region after <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and fourth among all Chinese provinces/municipalities after <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023, two major cities in the province ranked in the top 50 cities in the world (<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> 32nd and <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> 43rd) by scientific research output, as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nature.com_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a> (Jinan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean University of China</a> (Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum_(Huadong)" class="mw-redirect" title="China University of Petroleum (Huadong)">China University of Petroleum</a> (Dongying and Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jinan" title="University of Jinan">University of Jinan</a> (Jinan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Agricultural_University" title="Shandong Agricultural University">Shandong Agricultural University</a> (Tai'an)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Shandong University of Finance and Economics">Shandong University of Finance and Economics</a> (Jinan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" title="Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a> (Jinan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Institute_of_Technology" title="Harbin Institute of Technology">Harbin Institute of Technology</a> (Weihai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Agricultural_University" title="China Agricultural University">China Agricultural University</a> (Yantai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Harbin University of Science and Technology">Harbin University of Science and Technology</a> (Weihai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai_University" title="Yantai University">Yantai University</a> (Yantai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu_Normal_University" title="Qufu Normal University">Qufu Normal University</a> (Qufu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_University" title="Qingdao University">Qingdao University</a> (Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Shandong University of Science and Technology">Shandong University of Science and Technology</a> (Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Technology" title="Shandong University of Technology">Shandong University of Technology</a> (Zibo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng_University" title="Liaocheng University">Liaocheng University</a> (Liaocheng)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi_University" title="Linyi University">Linyi University</a> (Linyi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Agricultural_University" title="Qingdao Agricultural University">Qingdao Agricultural University</a> (Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Binzhou Medical College">Binzhou Medical College</a> (Binzhou)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining_Medical_University" title="Jining Medical University">Jining Medical University</a> (Jining)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang_Medical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Weifang Medical University">Weifang Medical University</a> (Weifang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang_University" title="Weifang University">Weifang University</a> (Weifang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Institute_of_Business_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandong Institute of Business and Technology">Shandong Institute of Business and Technology</a> (Yantai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Women%27s_University" title="Shandong Women's University">Shandong Women's University</a> (Jinan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Technical_College" title="Qingdao Technical College">Qingdao Technical College</a> (Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao_Polytechnic" title="Rizhao Polytechnic">Rizhao Polytechnic</a> (Rizhao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo_Vocational_Institute" title="Zibo Vocational Institute">Zibo Vocational Institute</a> (Zibo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Binhai_University" title="Qingdao Binhai University">Qingdao Binhai University</a> (Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Foreign_Languages_Vocational_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandong Foreign Languages Vocational College">Shandong Foreign Languages Vocational College</a> (Rizhao)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JinanOlympic.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/JinanOlympic.JPG/220px-JinanOlympic.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/JinanOlympic.JPG/330px-JinanOlympic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/JinanOlympic.JPG/440px-JinanOlympic.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jinan_Olympic_Sports_Center_Stadium" title="Jinan Olympic Sports Center Stadium">Jinan Olympic Sports Center Stadium</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events_held_in_Shandong">Events held in Shandong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Events held in Shandong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_National_Games_of_China" title="2009 National Games of China">2009 National Games of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Tennis_World_Cup" title="Table Tennis World Cup">2002 Table Tennis World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="2004 AFC Asian Cup">2004 AFC Asian Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_A3_Champions_Cup" title="2007 A3 Champions Cup">2007 A3 Champions Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics">Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2008_Summer_Paralympics" title="Sailing at the 2008 Summer Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Sudirman_Cup" title="2011 Sudirman Cup">2011 Sudirman Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Badminton_Asia_Championships" title="2012 Badminton Asia Championships">2012 Badminton Asia Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Asian_Beach_Games" title="2012 Asian Beach Games">2012 Asian Beach Games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_sports_teams_based_in_Shandong">Professional sports teams based in Shandong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Professional sports teams based in Shandong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Hi-Speed_Kirin" title="Shandong Hi-Speed Kirin">Shandong Hi-Speed Kirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Eagles" title="Qingdao Eagles">Qingdao Eagles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Taishan_F.C." title="Shandong Taishan F.C.">Shandong Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Hainiu_F.C._(1990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao Hainiu F.C. (1990)">Qingdao Hainiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_West_Coast_F.C." title="Qingdao West Coast F.C.">Qingdao West Coast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_League_One" title="China League One">China League One</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Red_Lions_F.C." title="Qingdao Red Lions F.C.">Qingdao Red Lions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_professional_sports_teams_based_in_Shandong">Former professional sports teams based in Shandong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Former professional sports teams based in Shandong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_Xingzhou_F.C." title="Jinan Xingzhou F.C.">Jinan Xingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Haisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao Haisha">Qingdao Haisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Sunrise" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao Sunrise">Qingdao Sunrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Hailifeng_F.C." title="Qingdao Hailifeng F.C.">Qingdao Hailifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Huanghai_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao Huanghai F.C.">Qingdao Huanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Dongjin_F.C." title="Shenyang Dongjin F.C.">Jining Dranix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Tengding_F.C." title="Shandong Tengding F.C.">Shandong Tengding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Yiteng_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Zhejiang Yiteng F.C.">Yantai Yiteng F.C.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_national_historical_and_cultural_sites_(Shandong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major national historical and cultural sites (Shandong)">Major national historical and cultural sites in Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_people" title="Shandong people">Shandong people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantungosaurus" title="Shantungosaurus">Shantungosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantung_Problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Shantung Problem">Shantung Problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_snowstorms_of_2009%E2%80%932010" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian snowstorms of 2009–2010">East Asian snowstorms of 2009–2010</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as <a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Int'l.dollar</a> based on IMF WEO October 2017. Purchasing power parity (PPP) for Chinese yuan is estimate according to <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Outlook" class="mw-redirect" title="World Economic Outlook">WEO</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> data; Exchange rate of CN¥ to US$ is according to State Administration of Foreign Exchange, published in the <i>China Statistical Yearbook</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2015_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2015-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into <a href="/wiki/Chinese_lineage_associations" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese lineage associations">lineage "churches"</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_shrine" title="Ancestral shrine">ancestral shrines</a>). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang. The number of Muslims is taken from a survey reported in the year 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-2010-Islam_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010-Islam-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This may include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Deity worshippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoists</a></li> <li>Members of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">folk religious sects</a></li> <li>People not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dknews.kz/ru/shelkovyy-put/268885-naznacheny-novye-sekretari-partkomov-provinciy"><bdi lang="ru">Назначены новые секретари парткомов провинций Шаньдун и Шаньси</bdi></a> (in Russian). dknews.kz. 30 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221230040224/https://dknews.kz/ru/shelkovyy-put/268885-naznacheny-novye-sekretari-partkomov-provinciy">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD+%D0%B8+%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.pub=dknews.kz&rft.date=2022-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdknews.kz%2Fru%2Fshelkovyy-put%2F268885-naznacheny-novye-sekretari-partkomov-provinciy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mofcom-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mofcom_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016034801/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">"Doing Business in China"</a>. Ministry Of Commerce. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">the original</a> on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+China&rft.pub=Ministry+Of+Commerce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.mofcom.gov.cn%2Farticle%2Fzt_business%2Flanmub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020census-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)"</a>. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511104847/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+Seventh+National+Population+Census+%28No.+3%29&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202105%2Ft20210510_1817188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDPdata-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDPdata_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">"National Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">China NBS</a>. March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Data&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Feasyquery.htm%3Fcn%3DE0103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span> see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shandong.gov.cn/art/2024/3/3/art_305196_10347730.html">"zh: 2023年山东省国民经济和社会发展统计公报"</a>. shandong.gov.cn. 3 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zh%3A+2023%E5%B9%B4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=shandong.gov.cn&rft.date=2024-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shandong.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2024%2F3%2F3%2Fart_305196_10347730.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span> The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html">"Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development"</a> (Press release). China NBS. 29 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+the+2023+national+economic+and+social+development&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202402%2Ft20240228_1947918.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHDI-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SHDI_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">"Human Development Indices (8.0)- China"</a>. <i>Global Data Lab</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Data+Lab&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Indices+%288.0%29-+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FCHN%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2022%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518053237/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Shandong">"Shandong"</a>. <i>Lexico UK English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Shandong">the original</a> on 18 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shandong&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FShandong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Shandong">"Shandong"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Shandong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FShandong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTian_XiaBai_Bo2005" class="citation book cs1">Tian Xia; Bai Bo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tFRgajxu3wIC&pg=PA70"><i>Atlas of World Heritage—China</i></a>. Long River. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781592650606" title="Special:BookSources/9781592650606"><bdi>9781592650606</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+World+Heritage%E2%80%94China&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Long+River&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781592650606&rft.au=Tian+Xia&rft.au=Bai+Bo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtFRgajxu3wIC%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/437/">"Mount Taishan"</a>. UNESCO. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121005458/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/437/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mount+Taishan&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F437%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2007" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Margaret, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ojt7nnVNzkEC&pg=PA157"><i>China</i></a>. Fodor's Travel Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-400-01731-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-400-01731-7"><bdi>978-1-400-01731-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China&rft.pub=Fodor%27s+Travel+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-400-01731-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dojt7nnVNzkEC%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerlingn.d." class="citation web cs1">Berling, Judith A. (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiasociety.org/education/confucianism">"Confucianism"</a>. Asia Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116024724/https://asiasociety.org/education/confucianism">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confucianism&rft.pub=Asia+Society&rft.aulast=Berling&rft.aufirst=Judith+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasiasociety.org%2Feducation%2Fconfucianism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-censuspop-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-censuspop_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817185.html">"Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census"</a>. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511031334/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817185.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Main+Data+of+the+Seventh+National+Population+Census&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202105%2Ft20210510_1817185.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-2021-gdp-performance-a-look-at-major-provinces-and-cities/">"Decoding China's 2021 GDP Growth Rate: A Look at Regional Numbers"</a>. <i>China Briefing News</i>. 7 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819091517/https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-2021-gdp-performance-a-look-at-major-provinces-and-cities/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Briefing+News&rft.atitle=Decoding+China%27s+2021+GDP+Growth+Rate%3A+A+Look+at+Regional+Numbers&rft.date=2022-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.china-briefing.com%2Fnews%2Fchinas-2021-gdp-performance-a-look-at-major-provinces-and-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=MX&year_high_desc=true">"GDP of Mexico"</a>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220915034232/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=MX&year_high_desc=true">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+of+Mexico&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%3Flocations%3DMX%26year_high_desc%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2021&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2021&year_high_desc=true">"GDP Data"</a>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220915034232/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2021&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2021&year_high_desc=true">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+Data&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%3Fend%3D2021%26most_recent_value_desc%3Dtrue%26start%3D2021%26year_high_desc%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/s5743/s5744/A03/202206/t20220617_638352.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"List of National Colleges and Universities - Government Portal of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220619182535/http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/s5743/s5744/A03/202206/t20220617_638352.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Education+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.atitle=%22List+of+National+Colleges+and+Universities+-+Government+Portal+of+the+Ministry+of+Education+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.cn%2Fjyb_xxgk%2Fs5743%2Fs5744%2FA03%2F202206%2Ft20220617_638352.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nature.com-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nature.com_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nature.com_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/overall">"Nature Index 2023 Science Cities"</a>. Nature. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122050201/https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/overall">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nature+Index+2023+Science+Cities&rft.pub=Nature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature-index%2Fsupplements%2Fnature-index-2023-science-cities%2Ftables%2Foverall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218064933/http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html">"趣味文字：中国各省及自治区名称历史由来和变化"</a> (in Chinese). People's Daily Online. 4 July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html">the original</a> on 18 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%B6%A3%E5%91%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%8A%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%94%B1%E6%9D%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96&rft.pub=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft.date=2004-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com.cn%2FGB%2Fshenghuo%2F1090%2F2435218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1837" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Edmund (1837). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/05012055"><i>Embassy to the eastern courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat; in the U.S. sloop-of-war Peacock ... during the years 1832-3-4</i></a>. Harper & Brothers. pp. 122–123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-400-01731-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-400-01731-7"><bdi>978-1-400-01731-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/05012055">05012055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Embassy+to+the+eastern+courts+of+Cochin-China%2C+Siam%2C+and+Muscat%3B+in+the+U.S.+sloop-of-war+Peacock+...+during+the+years+1832-3-4.&rft.pages=122-123&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1837&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F05012055&rft.isbn=978-1-400-01731-7&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flccn.loc.gov%2F05012055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emidius.eu/GEH/info/?en=1668.0725">"25 July 1668 Tancheng (Shandong)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25+July+1668+Tancheng+%28Shandong%29&rft.pub=GHEA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femidius.eu%2FGEH%2Finfo%2F%3Fen%3D1668.0725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1054">"CHINA: SHANDONG PROVINCE"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geophysical_Data_Center" title="National Geophysical Data Center">National Geophysical Data Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725005731/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1054">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CHINA%3A+SHANDONG+PROVINCE&rft.pub=National+Geophysical+Data+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngdc.noaa.gov%2Fhazel%2Fview%2Fhazards%2Fearthquake%2Fevent-more-info%2F1054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkman2008" class="citation book cs1">Burkman, Thomas W. (2008). <i>Japan and the League of Nations: Empire and World Order, 1914–1938</i>. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt6wqrcq">10.2307/j.ctt6wqrcq</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-824-82982-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-824-82982-7"><bdi>978-0-824-82982-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wqrcq">j.ctt6wqrcq</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+and+the+League+of+Nations%3A+Empire+and+World+Order%2C+1914%E2%80%931938&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%CA%BBi+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt6wqrcq%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt6wqrcq&rft.isbn=978-0-824-82982-7&rft.aulast=Burkman&rft.aufirst=Thomas+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraft1997" class="citation journal cs1">Craft, Stephen G. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1233&context=publication">"John Bassett Moore, Robert Lansing, and the Shandong Question"</a>. <i>Pacific Historical Review</i>. <b>66</b> (2): 231–249. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3640629">10.2307/3640629</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3640629">3640629</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=John+Bassett+Moore%2C+Robert+Lansing%2C+and+the+Shandong+Question&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=231-249&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3640629&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3640629%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Craft&rft.aufirst=Stephen+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.erau.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1233%26context%3Dpublication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125032834/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,722931,00.html">"CHINA: Basest War Lord"</a>. TIME. 7 March 1927. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C722931%2C00.html">the original</a> on 25 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CHINA%3A+Basest+War+Lord&rft.pub=TIME&rft.date=1927-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%252C9171%252C722931%252C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGu2009" class="citation book cs1">Gu, Chang-Sheng (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XhLO5pr-QFwC"><i>Awaken: Memoirs of a Chinese Historian</i></a>. pp. 130–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Awaken%3A+Memoirs+of+a+Chinese+Historian&rft.pages=130-131&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Chang-Sheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXhLO5pr-QFwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2008" class="citation news cs1">Jackson, Steve (31 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7806062.stm">"China finds major dinosaur site"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007005719/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7806062.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=China+finds+major+dinosaur+site&rft.date=2008-12-31&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2F7806062.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6xZXpHREixMC&pg=PAI-24"><i>Fresh Garlic from China, Inv. 731-TA-683 (Second Review)</i></a>. DIANE Publishing. n.d. p. I-24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781457818745" title="Special:BookSources/9781457818745"><bdi>9781457818745</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fresh+Garlic+from+China%2C+Inv.+731-TA-683+%28Second+Review%29&rft.pages=I-24&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.isbn=9781457818745&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6xZXpHREixMC%26pg%3DPAI-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070703160523/http://www.china-sapphire.com/about1.asp">"Location and how discovered"</a>. 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International Monetary Fund. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126181855/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/SPROLLs/world-economic-outlook-databases#sort=%40imfdate%20descending">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Economic+Outlook+Database&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FSPROLLS%2Fworld-economic-outlook-databases%23sort%3D%2540imfdate%2520descending&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/">"Annual Data"</a>. National Bureau of Statistics of China. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151020062416/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Data&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FStatisticaldata%2FAnnualData%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215013857/http://wines-info.com/Newshtml/200812/2282008123011241759.html">"The wine output of Yantai will reach 230000 kiloliters in 2008"</a>. China Wines Information Website. 30 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wines-info.com/Newshtml/200812/2282008123011241759.html">the original</a> on 15 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+wine+output+of+Yantai+will+reach+230000+kiloliters+in+2008&rft.pub=China+Wines+Information+Website&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wines-info.com%2FNewshtml%2F200812%2F2282008123011241759.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100111195542/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/jinan-export-processing-zone/">"Ji'nan Export Processing Zone"</a>. RightSite.Asia. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/jinan-export-processing-zone/">the original</a> on 11 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qingdao+Economic+and+Technical+Development+Zone&rft.pub=RightSite.Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Fqingdao-economic-and-technical-development-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091120191025/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/qingdao-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/">"Qingdao Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone"</a>. RightSite.Asia. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/qingdao-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/">the original</a> on 20 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qingdao+Hi-Tech+Industrial+Development+Zone&rft.pub=RightSite.Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Fqingdao-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100303203037/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/weihai-torch-hi-tech-science-park">"Weihai Torch Hi-Tech Science Park"</a>. RightSite.Asia. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/weihai-torch-hi-tech-science-park">the original</a> on 3 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weihai+Torch+Hi-Tech+Science+Park&rft.pub=RightSite.Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Fweihai-torch-hi-tech-science-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209052642/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/yantai-economic-and-technological-development-area/">"Yantai Economic and Technological Development Area"</a>. RightSide.Asia. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/yantai-economic-and-technological-development-area/">the original</a> on 9 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yantai+Economic+and+Technological+Development+Area&rft.pub=RightSide.Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Fyantai-economic-and-technological-development-area%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100510115040/http://rightsite.asia:80/en/industrial-zone/yantai-export-processing-zone">"Yantai Export Processing Zone"</a>. RightSite.Asia. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/yantai-export-processing-zone/">the original</a> on 10 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yantai+Export+Processing+Zone&rft.pub=RightSite.Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Fyantai-export-processing-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html">"付表2 1912年中国人口（統計）"</a> (in Japanese). ier.hit-u.ac.jp. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032922/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%98%E8%A1%A82+1912%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=ier.hit-u.ac.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm">"付表3 1928年中国人口（統計）"</a> (in Japanese). ier.hit-u.ac.jp. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032924/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%98%E8%A1%A83+1928%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=ier.hit-u.ac.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm">"付表4 1936-37年の中国人口（統計）"</a> (in Japanese). ier.hit-u.ac.jp. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032925/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%98%E8%A1%A84+1936-37%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=ier.hit-u.ac.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm">"付表5 1947年全国人口（統計）"</a> (in Japanese). ier.hit-u.ac.jp. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%98%E8%A1%A85+1947%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=ier.hit-u.ac.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1954-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1954_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm">"中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报"</a> (in Chinese). 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National Bureau of Statistics of China. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm">the original</a> on 14 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E9%A1%B9%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16768.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1982-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1982_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm">"中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报"</a> (in Chinese). 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National Bureau of Statistics of China. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm">the original</a> on 29 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Chuan Song. 12 August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chuansong.me/n/1265599252384">the original</a> on 29 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Baylor University. p. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220809081949/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confucius+%28551%E2%80%94479+B.C.E.%29&rft.pub=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Richey&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Fconfuciu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704">"Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu"</a>. 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China Through a Lens. 12 September 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508110858/http://www.china.org.cn/english/kuaixun/74944.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Confucian+Temple%2C+Cemetery+and+Family+Mansion+in+Qufu&rft.pub=China+Through+a+Lens&rft.date=2003-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2Fkuaixun%2F74944.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html">"2014年12月中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码"</a> (in Simplified Chinese). Ministry of Civil Affairs. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113603/http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%BF%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles2.mca.gov.cn%2Fcws%2F201502%2F20150225163817214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nj2013-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nj2013_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm"><i>深圳统计年鉴2014</i></a> (in Chinese). 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China Statistics Print. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6"><bdi>978-7-5037-6659-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210810115223/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls"><i>中国城市建设统计年鉴2018</i></a> [<i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i>] (in Chinese). China Statistics Print. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls">the original</a> on 10 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42018&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Ministry+of+Housing+and+Urban-Rural+Development+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohurd.gov.cn%2Fxytj%2Ftjzljsxytjgb%2Fjstjnj%2Fw02020032722244243052500000.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson1996" class="citation journal cs1">Swanson, Lauren A. (July 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/00070709610131357/full/html">"1.19850+ billion mouths to feed: food linguistics and cross-cultural, cross-"national" food consumption habits in China"</a>. <i>British Food Journal</i>. <b>98</b> (6): 33–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F00070709610131357">10.1108/00070709610131357</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-070X">0007-070X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130111944/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/00070709610131357/full/html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Food+Journal&rft.atitle=1.19850%2B+billion+mouths+to+feed%3A+food+linguistics+and+cross-cultural%2C+cross-%22national%22+food+consumption+habits+in+China&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=33-44&rft.date=1996-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2F00070709610131357&rft.issn=0007-070X&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Lauren+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emerald.com%2Finsight%2Fcontent%2Fdoi%2F10.1108%2F00070709610131357%2Ffull%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2012-12/19/content_16031295.htm">China's agricultural export powerhouse faces grim year - Business - Chinadaily.com.cn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630084310/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2012-12/19/content_16031295.htm">Archived</a> June 30, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/Shandong.htm">Economic profile for Shandong</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080921020817/http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/Shandong.htm">Archived</a> September 21, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">HKTDC</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Shandong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Shandong</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></i></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Shandong</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></i></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shandong_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shandong_topics" title="Template:Shandong topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shandong_topics" title="Template talk:Shandong topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shandong_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shandong</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shandong" title="Politics of Shandong">Politics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Shandong" title="Category:Geography of Shandong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="North China craton">North China craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_He" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai He">Hai He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Weishan Lake">Weishan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou_Bay" title="Laizhou Bay">Laizhou Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean University of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum" title="China University of Petroleum">China University of Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_opera" title="Lü opera">Lü opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Lu_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Lu Mandarin">Ji Lu Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_Liao_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiao Liao Mandarin">Jiao Liao Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_dialect" title="Qingdao dialect">Qingdao dialect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braised_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Braised Chicken">Braised Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haw_flakes" title="Haw flakes">Haw flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moo_shu_pork" title="Moo shu pork">Moo shu pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sha tang">Sha tang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_in_Jinan" title="List of sites in Jinan">List of sites in Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Thousand Buddha Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyan_Temple_(Jinan)" title="Lingyan Temple (Jinan)">Lingyan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhi_Pagoda" title="Pizhi Pagoda">Pizhi Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Qi" title="Great Wall of Qi">Great Wall of Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai City">Penglai City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao beach resort city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple and Cemetery of Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shou_Qiu" title="Shou Qiu">Shou Qiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shandong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shandong">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Shandong_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shandong" title="Template:Shandong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shandong" title="Template talk:Shandong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Shandong_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shandong" title="List of administrative divisions of Shandong">County-level divisions</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shandong</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Jinan">Shizhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianqiao District">Tianqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lixia District">Lixia District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licheng_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Licheng District, Jinan">Licheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyin_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyin District, Jinan">Huaiyin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changqing District">Changqing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyang_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiyang District, Jinan">Jiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangcheng District">Gangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu District">Laiwu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyin_County" title="Pingyin County">Pingyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghe_County" title="Shanghe County">Shanghe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District">Shinan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibei District">Shibei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Licang District">Licang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laoshan District">Laoshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengyang District">Chengyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangdao,_Qingdao" title="Huangdao, Qingdao">Huangdao District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Huangdao,_Qingdao" title="Huangdao, Qingdao">West Coast New Area</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangdian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangdian District">Zhangdian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Linzi District">Linzi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zichuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zichuan District">Zichuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Boshan District">Boshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoucun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhoucun District">Zhoucun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huantai_County" title="Huantai County">Huantai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoqing_County" title="Gaoqing County">Gaoqing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyuan_County" title="Yiyuan County">Yiyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Zaozhuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Zaozhuang">Shizhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanting District">Shanting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng_District,_Zaozhuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yicheng District, Zaozhuang">Yicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27erzhuang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai'erzhuang District">Tai'erzhuang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuecheng_District" title="Xuecheng District">Xuecheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongying_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongying District">Dongying District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekou District">Hekou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenli District">Kenli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangrao_County" title="Guangrao County">Guangrao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijin_County" title="Lijin County">Lijin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhifu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhifu District">Zhifu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Muping District">Muping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fushan District">Fushan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laishan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laishan District">Laishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai District">Penglai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weicheng_District,_Weifang" class="mw-redirect" title="Weicheng District, Weifang">Weicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanting District">Hanting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangzi District">Fangzi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiwen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiwen District">Kuiwen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqu_County" title="Linqu County">Linqu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_County" title="Changle County">Changle County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Jining" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Jining">Shizhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rencheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rencheng District">Rencheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanzhou District">Yanzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishan_County,_Shandong" title="Weishan County, Shandong">Weishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutai_County" title="Yutai County">Yutai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinxiang_County" title="Jinxiang County">Jinxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxiang_County" title="Jiaxiang County">Jiaxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshang_County" title="Wenshang County">Wenshang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sishui_County" title="Sishui County">Sishui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_County" title="Liangshan County">Liangshan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taishan_District,_Tai%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishan District, Tai'an">Taishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daiyue_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Daiyue District">Daiyue District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningyang_County" title="Ningyang County">Ningyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongping_County" title="Dongping County">Dongping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huancui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huancui District">Huancui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendeng District">Wendeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donggang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Donggang District">Donggang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanshan_District,_Rizhao" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanshan District, Rizhao">Lanshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulian_County" title="Wulian County">Wulian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_County" title="Ju County">Ju County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanshan_District,_Linyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanshan District, Linyi">Lanshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luozhuang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luozhuang District">Luozhuang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedong_District,_Linyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedong District, Linyi">Hedong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancheng_County" title="Tancheng County">Tancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanling_County" title="Lanling County">Lanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junan_County" title="Junan County">Junan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishui_County" title="Yishui County">Yishui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengyin_County" title="Mengyin County">Mengyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyi_County" title="Pingyi County">Pingyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_County" title="Fei County">Fei County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinan_County" title="Yinan County">Yinan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linshu_County" title="Linshu County">Linshu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Decheng District">Decheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingcheng District">Lingcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyuan_County,_Shandong" title="Pingyuan County, Shandong">Pingyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiajin_County" title="Xiajin County">Xiajin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wucheng_County" title="Wucheng County">Wucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qihe_County" title="Qihe County">Qihe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi_County,_Dezhou" title="Linyi County, Dezhou">Linyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningjin_County,_Shandong" title="Ningjin County, Shandong">Ningjin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyun_County" title="Qingyun County">Qingyun County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongchangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchangfu District">Dongchangfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiping District">Chiping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanggu_County,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanggu County, Shandong">Yanggu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_County" title="Shen County">Shen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong%27e_County" title="Dong'e County">Dong'e County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_County,_Shandong" title="Guan County, Shandong">Guan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaotang_County" title="Gaotang County">Gaotang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bincheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bincheng District">Bincheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanhua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanhua District">Zhanhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zouping" title="Zouping">Zouping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_County" title="Boxing County">Boxing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huimin_County" title="Huimin County">Huimin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangxin_County,_Shandong" title="Yangxin County, Shandong">Yangxin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudi_County" title="Wudi County">Wudi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mudan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudan District">Mudan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingtao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingtao District">Dingtao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_County" title="Cao County">Cao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengwu_County" title="Chengwu County">Chengwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_County" title="Shan County">Shan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juye_County" title="Juye County">Juye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng_County" title="Yuncheng County">Yuncheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juancheng_County" title="Juancheng County">Juancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongming_County" title="Dongming County">Dongming County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="View 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<li><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_blank_province_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/150px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/225px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/300px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Disputed province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size:80%;"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a> is <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">claimed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> but administered by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a>).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43407#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43407#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43407#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142766112">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqfJ79QwRJ6TyVTcyg7pP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4052070-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80158871">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12071578f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12071578f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00326945">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Šan-tung (Čína : provincie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge696659&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564299005171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987013141972105171">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/52c5046e-aac6-4009-9dad-d2285db3b198">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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