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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Imperial_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Imperial_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Imperial China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Imperial_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Imperial China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Republic_of_China_(1912–1937)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Republic_of_China_(1912–1937)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Early Republic of China (1912–1937)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Republic_of_China_(1912–1937)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_with_Japan_and_the_Chinese_Civil_War_(1937–1949)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_with_Japan_and_the_Chinese_Civil_War_(1937–1949)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>War with Japan and the Chinese Civil War (1937–1949)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_with_Japan_and_the_Chinese_Civil_War_(1937–1949)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China_(1949–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic_of_China_(1949–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>People's Republic of China (1949–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China_(1949–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Urban areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Industrial zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taiyuan_Economic_and_Technology_Development_Zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiyuan_Economic_and_Technology_Development_Zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Taiyuan Economic and Technology Development Zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiyuan_Economic_and_Technology_Development_Zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiyuan_Hi-Tech_Industrial_Development_Zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiyuan_Hi-Tech_Industrial_Development_Zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Taiyuan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiyuan_Hi-Tech_Industrial_Development_Zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Ancient commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shanxi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="شانشي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شانشي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eansi" title="Şansi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şansi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF" title="শানশি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শানশি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soa%E2%81%BF-sai-s%C3%A9ng" title="Soaⁿ-sai-séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Soaⁿ-sai-séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%96" title="Шаньсі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шаньсі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%96" title="Шаньсі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шаньсі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Шанси – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шанси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྲན་ཞི་ཞིང་ཆེན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྲན་ཞི་ཞིང་ཆེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi_Sheng" title="Shanxi Sheng – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Shanxi Sheng" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0an-si" title="Šan-si – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šan-si" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%AF" title="Σανσί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σανσί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Can%C5%9Dio" title="Ŝanŝio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝanŝio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="شانشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شانشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" title="山西 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="山西" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n-s%C3%AE" title="Sân-sî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sân-sî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%B1_(%EC%82%B0%EC%84%9C%EC%84%B1)" title="산시성 (산서성) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산시성 (산서성)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB" title="Շանսի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շանսի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="शन्शी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शन्शी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Shanxi" title="Provinco Shanxi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Provinco Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Шаньси – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шаньси" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shansi" title="Shansi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Shansi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99" title="שאנשי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שאנשי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="შანსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შანსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xansia" title="Xansia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Xansia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0a%C5%86sji" title="Šaņsji – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šaņsji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ansi" title="Šansi – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šansi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanhszi" title="Sanhszi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sanhszi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="षान्शी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="षान्शी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="შანსი (ჩინეთი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შანსი (ჩინეთი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="شانشی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شانشی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯁꯟꯁꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯟꯁꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83ng-s%C4%83%CC%A4" title="Săng-să̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Săng-să̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6" title="Шаньси муж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шаньси муж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="सान्सी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सान्सी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="山西省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="山西省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Шаньси – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шаньси" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shansi" title="Shansi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shansi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਸ਼ਾਨਸ਼ੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਾਨਸ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="شانشی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شانشی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ខេត្តសានស៊ី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ខេត្តសានស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanxim" title="Xanxim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xanxim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ean%C5%9Fi" title="Şanşi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şanşi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi_pruwinsya" title="Shanxi pruwinsya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Shanxi pruwinsya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Шаньси – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шаньси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Шанси – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Шанси" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0an%C5%A1i" title="Šanši – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šanši" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="شانسی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شانسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Шанси – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шанси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="சான்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சான்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="มณฑลชานซี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มณฑลชานซี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Шанси – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шанси" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ean%C5%9Fi" title="Şanşi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şanşi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%96" title="Шаньсі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шаньсі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="شنسی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شنسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%89_%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%84%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="شەنشى ئۆلكىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شەنشى ئۆلكىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanhsih" title="Sanhsih – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sanhsih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y" title="Sơn Tây – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sơn Tây" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="山西省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="山西省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shanxi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="山西省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="山西省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shanxi&params=37.7_N_112.4_E_type:adm1st_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">112°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.7°N 112.4°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.7; 112.4</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in North China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the neighboring province of <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> (陕西省), whose capital is <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shanxi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Shanxi (disambiguation)">Shanxi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Shanxi</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">山西</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Province of Shanxi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Name transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Chinese</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">山西省</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shānxī shěng</i></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">Abbreviation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">SX / <span lang="zh-hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%8B#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:晋">晋</a></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jìn</i></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="border:1;;height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yanmenguan3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Yanmenguan3.JPG/137px-Yanmenguan3.JPG" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Yanmenguan3.JPG/206px-Yanmenguan3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Yanmenguan3.JPG/274px-Yanmenguan3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Yanmen_Pass" title="Yanmen Pass">Yanmen Pass</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="border:1;;height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wutai_2009_388.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Wutai_2009_388.jpg/137px-Wutai_2009_388.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Wutai_2009_388.jpg/206px-Wutai_2009_388.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Wutai_2009_388.jpg/274px-Wutai_2009_388.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Tayuan_Temple" title="Tayuan Temple">Tayuan Temple</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div style="border:1;;height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangingtemple20190929.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hangingtemple20190929.jpg/149px-Hangingtemple20190929.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hangingtemple20190929.jpg/224px-Hangingtemple20190929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hangingtemple20190929.jpg/298px-Hangingtemple20190929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Hanging_Temple" title="Hanging Temple">Hanging Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div style="border:1;;height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citywall_Datong_Shanxi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Citywall_Datong_Shanxi.jpg/125px-Citywall_Datong_Shanxi.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Citywall_Datong_Shanxi.jpg/188px-Citywall_Datong_Shanxi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Citywall_Datong_Shanxi.jpg/250px-Citywall_Datong_Shanxi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5034" data-file-height="3356" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="border:1;;height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temples_of_Mount_Wutai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Temples_of_Mount_Wutai.jpg/278px-Temples_of_Mount_Wutai.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Temples_of_Mount_Wutai.jpg/417px-Temples_of_Mount_Wutai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Temples_of_Mount_Wutai.jpg/556px-Temples_of_Mount_Wutai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="545" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Wutai_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Wutai Mountain">Wutai Mountain</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanxi_in_China_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Shanxi in China"><img alt="Location of Shanxi in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shanxi_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/275px-Shanxi_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shanxi_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/413px-Shanxi_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shanxi_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/550px-Shanxi_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Shanxi in China</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shanxi&params=37.7_N_112.4_E_type:adm1st_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">112°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.7°N 112.4°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.7; 112.4</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a></span>, <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">shān</i></span> – mountain<br /><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:西">西</a></span>, <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">xī</i></span> – west<br />"west of the <a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a>"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(and largest city)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Divisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>11 <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">prefectures</a>, 119 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_China" title="Counties of China">counties</a>, 1388 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_China" title="Townships of China">townships</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi_Provincial_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanxi Provincial People's Congress (page does not exist)">Shanxi Provincial People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tang_Dengjie" title="Tang Dengjie">Tang Dengjie</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi_Provincial_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanxi Provincial People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Tang Dengjie</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_(China)" title="Governor (China)">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jin_Xiangjun" title="Jin Xiangjun">Jin Xiangjun</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Cunrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Cunrong (page does not exist)">Wu Cunrong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> Representation</th><td class="infobox-data">67 deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-sxtourist_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sxtourist-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">156,000 km<sup>2</sup> (60,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">19th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Wutai" title="Mount Wutai">Mount Wutai</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,058 m (10,033 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">34,915,616</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">18th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">220/km<sup>2</sup> (580/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density">19th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnic composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a> – 99.7%</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a> – 0.2%</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Languages and dialects</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_Mandarin" title="Central Plains Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilu_Mandarin" title="Jilu Mandarin">Jilu Mandarin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-GDPdata_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPdata-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥2,570 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">20th</a>; US$365 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥73,984 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">15th</a>; US$10,499)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CN-SX</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.791<sup id="cite_ref-SHDI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHDI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">13th</a>) – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#090">high</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanxigov.cn/">www.shanxigov.cn</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Shanxi</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanxi_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Shanxi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/90px-Shanxi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Shanxi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/135px-Shanxi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Shanxi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/180px-Shanxi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="171" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Shanxi" in Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:山西">山西</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shansi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"West of the <a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">(Taihang) Mountains</a>"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shānxī</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄕㄢ   ㄒㄧ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Shan<sup>1</sup>-hsi<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂánɕí]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">other Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">شًاثِ</span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhounese">Suzhounese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Se-si</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Sāan-sāi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Saan1-sai1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[san˥.sɐj˥]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Soaⁿ-sai</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Suann-sai</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shanxi</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an inland <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and is part of the <a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North China</a> region. The capital and largest city of the province is <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a>, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are <a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a>. Its one-character abbreviation is <span lang="zh-hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%8B#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:晋">晋</a></span> (pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jìn</span></i>), after the <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">state of Jin</a> that existed there during the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a>. </p><p>The name <i>Shanxi</i> means 'West of the mountains', a reference to the province's location west of the <a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012234_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012234-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanxi borders <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> to the north. Shanxi's terrain is characterised by a plateau bounded partly by mountain ranges. Shanxi's culture is largely dominated by the ethnic <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a> majority, who make up over 99% of its population. <a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin Chinese</a> is considered by some linguists to be a distinct language from Mandarin and its geographical range covers most of Shanxi. Both Jin and Mandarin are spoken in Shanxi. </p><p>Shanxi is a leading producer of <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_China" title="Coal in China">coal in China</a>, possessing roughly a third of China's total coal deposits. Nevertheless, Shanxi's GDP per capita remains below the national average. The province hosts the <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center">Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center</a>. </p><p>The province is also known for having by far the largest number of historic buildings among all Chinese provinces, by possessing over 70% of China's surviving buildings built during or predating the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also notable are the <a href="/wiki/Yungang_Grottoes" title="Yungang Grottoes">Yungang Grottoes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a>, Shanxi, which date back over 1500 years. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Imperial_China">Pre-Imperial China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Imperial China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a> (722–403 BC), the <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">state of Jin</a> was located in what is now Shanxi Province. It underwent a three-way split into the states of <a href="/wiki/State_of_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Han">Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Zhao" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Zhao">Zhao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Wei" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Wei">Wei</a> in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> (403–221 BC). By 221 BC, all of these states had fallen to the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Qin">state of Qin</a>, which established the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> (221–206 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_China">Imperial China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Imperial China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shanxi" title="Special:EditPage/Shanxi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (206 BC – AD 220) ruled Shanxi as the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_(political_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou (political division)">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bing_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (province)">Bingzhou</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhist_votive_stele._Limestone._From_China,_Shanxi_Province._Northern_Wei_Dynasty,_c._520_CE._Victoria_and_Albert_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Buddhist_votive_stele._Limestone._From_China%2C_Shanxi_Province._Northern_Wei_Dynasty%2C_c._520_CE._Victoria_and_Albert_Museum.jpg/220px-Buddhist_votive_stele._Limestone._From_China%2C_Shanxi_Province._Northern_Wei_Dynasty%2C_c._520_CE._Victoria_and_Albert_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Buddhist_votive_stele._Limestone._From_China%2C_Shanxi_Province._Northern_Wei_Dynasty%2C_c._520_CE._Victoria_and_Albert_Museum.jpg/330px-Buddhist_votive_stele._Limestone._From_China%2C_Shanxi_Province._Northern_Wei_Dynasty%2C_c._520_CE._Victoria_and_Albert_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Buddhist_votive_stele._Limestone._From_China%2C_Shanxi_Province._Northern_Wei_Dynasty%2C_c._520_CE._Victoria_and_Albert_Museum.jpg/440px-Buddhist_votive_stele._Limestone._From_China%2C_Shanxi_Province._Northern_Wei_Dynasty%2C_c._520_CE._Victoria_and_Albert_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption>Buddhist votive stele. From China, Shanxi Province. Northern Wei dynasty, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 520 CE</span>. Victoria and Albert Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>During the invasion of northern nomads in the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a> period (304–439), several regimes including the <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Later Zhao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Later_Yan" title="Later Yan">Later Yan</a> continuously controlled Shanxi. They were followed by <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Wei dynasty">Northern Wei</a> (386–534), a <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> kingdom, which had one of its earlier capitals at present-day <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a> in northern Shanxi, and which went on to rule nearly all of northern China. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) originated in Taiyuan. During the Tang dynasty and after, present day Shanxi was called <i><a href="/wiki/Hedong_Commandery" title="Hedong Commandery">Hédōng</a></i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">河東</span>), or "east of the (Yellow) river". <a href="/wiki/Empress_Wu_Zetian" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Wu Zetian">Empress Wu Zetian</a>, one of China's only female rulers, was born in Shanxi in 624. </p><p>During the first part of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a> (907–960), Shanxi supplied rulers of three of the Five Dynasties. Among the Ten Kingdoms, it was the only one located in northern China. Shanxi was initially home to the <i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i> (commander) of Hedong, <a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a>, who overthrew the first of the Five Dynasties, <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a> (907–923) to establish the second, <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a> (923–936). Another <i>jiedushi</i> of Hedong, <a href="/wiki/Gaozu_of_Later_Jin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaozu of Later Jin">Shi Jingtang</a>, overthrew Later Tang to establish the third of the Five Dynasties, <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a>, and yet another <i>jiedushi</i> of Hedong, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhiyuan" title="Liu Zhiyuan">Liu Zhiyuan</a>, established the fourth of the Five Dynasties (<a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a>) after the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitans</a> destroyed Later Jin, the third. Finally, when the fifth of the Five Dynasties (<a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a>) emerged, the <i>jiedushi</i> of Hedong at the time, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chong" title="Liu Chong">Liu Chong</a>, rebelled and established an independent state called <a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a>, one of the Ten Kingdoms, in what is now northern and central Shanxi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a>, the third of the Five Dynasties, ceded a piece of northern China to the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitans</a> in return for military assistance. This territory, called the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Prefectures" title="Sixteen Prefectures">Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun</a>, included a part of northern Shanxi. The ceded territory became a major problem for the Song dynasty's defense against the Khitans for the next 100 years because it lay south of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Wall">Great Wall</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">later Zhou</a>, the last dynasty of the Five Dynasties period was founded by <a href="/wiki/Guo_Wei" title="Guo Wei">Guo Wei</a>, a Han Chinese, who served as the Assistant Military Commissioner at the court of the Later Han which was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Shatuo_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatuo Turks">Shatuo Turks</a>. He founded his dynasty by launching a military coup against the Turkic <a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a> Emperor however, his newly established dynasty was short-lived and was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> in 960. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg/180px-The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg/270px-The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg/360px-The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>Pagoda of Fogong Temple built in 1056</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song dynasty">Northern Song dynasty</a> (960–1127), the sixteen ceded prefectures continued to be an area of contention between the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a>. Later the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a> abandoned all of <a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North China</a>, including Shanxi, to the <a href="/wiki/Jurchens" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchens">Jurchen</a> <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty (1115–1234)</a> in 1127 after the <a href="/wiki/Jingkang_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingkang Incident">Jingkang Incident</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Jin_campaigns_against_the_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin campaigns against the Song dynasty">Jin-Song wars</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> administered China into provinces but did not establish Shanxi as a province. Shanxi only gained its present name and approximate borders during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644) which were of the same land area and borders as the previous Hedong Commandery of the Tang dynasty. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (1644–1911), Shanxi extended north beyond the Great Wall to include parts of <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, including what is now the city of <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a>, and overlapped with the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Eight_Banners" title="Eight Banners">Eight Banners</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guihua_T%C3%BCmed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guihua Tümed (page does not exist)">Guihua Tümed</a> <a href="/wiki/Banner_(Inner_Mongolia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banner (Inner Mongolia)">banner</a> in that area. </p><p>For centuries, Shanxi served as a center for trade and banking. The "<a href="/wiki/Shanxi_merchants" title="Shanxi merchants">Shanxi merchants</a>" were once synonymous with wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The well-preserved city and UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Pingyao" title="Pingyao">Pingyao</a> shows many signs of its economic importance during the Qing dynasty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Republic_of_China_(1912–1937)"><span id="Early_Republic_of_China_.281912.E2.80.931937.29"></span>Early Republic of China (1912–1937)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Republic of China (1912–1937)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yan_Xishan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Yan_Xishan.jpg/180px-Yan_Xishan.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Yan_Xishan.jpg/270px-Yan_Xishan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Yan_Xishan.jpg/360px-Yan_Xishan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="1017" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yan_Xishan" title="Yan Xishan">Yan Xishan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a> of Shanxi during the Republic of China.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">collapse of the Qing dynasty</a>, Shanxi became part of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>. From 1911 to 1949, during the period of the Republic of China's period of rule over <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>, Shanxi was mostly dominated by the warlord <a href="/wiki/Yan_Xishan" title="Yan Xishan">Yan Xishan</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> took full control in 1949;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Communists had already set up secret bases in 1936, but did not completely overturn Yan and the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a> until 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early in Yan's rule he decided that, unless he was able to modernize and revive the economy of his small, poor, remote province, he would be unable to protect Shanxi from rival warlords. Yan devoted himself to modernizing Shanxi and developing its resources during his reign over the province. He has been viewed by Western biographers as a transitional figure who advocated using Western technology to protect Chinese traditions, while at the same time reforming older political, social and economic conditions in a way that paved the way for the radical changes that would occur after his rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Portrait1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Portrait1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918 there was an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a> in northern Shanxi that lasted for two months and killed 2,664 people. Yan's interactions with the Western medical personnel he met with to discuss how to suppress the epidemic inspired him to modernize and improve Shanxi's medical infrastructure which he began by funding the Research Society for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine, based in Taiyuan, in 1921. Highly unusual in China at the time, the school had a four-year curriculum and included courses in both Chinese and Western Medicine. The main skills that Yan hoped physicians trained at the school would learn were: a standardized system of diagnosis; sanitary science, including <a href="/wiki/Bacteriology" title="Bacteriology">bacteriology</a>; surgical skills, including <a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">obstetrics</a>; and, the use of diagnostic instruments. Yan hoped that his support of the school would eventually lead to increased revenues in the domestic and international trade of Chinese drugs, improved <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>, and improved <a href="/wiki/Public_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Education">public education</a>. Yan's promotion of a modern curriculum and infrastructure of Chinese medicine achieved limited success, but much of the teaching and publication that this school of medicine produced was limited to the area around Taiyuan: by 1949 three of the seven government-run hospitals were in the city. In 1934 the province produced a ten-year-plan that envisaged employing a hygiene worker in every village, but the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japanese invasion in 1937</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">civil war</a> made it impossible to carry these plans out. Yan's generous support for the Research Association for the Improvement of Chinese Medicine generated a body of teaching and publication in modern Chinese medicine that became one of the foundations of the national institution of modern traditional Chinese medicine that was adopted in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yan invested in Shanxi's industrial infrastructure, and by 1949 the area around Taiyuan was a major national producer of coal, iron, chemicals, and munitions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yan was able to protect the province from his rivals for the period of his rule partially due to his building of an arsenal in Taiyuan that, for the entire period of his administration, remained the only center in China capable of producing field artillery. Yan's army was successful in eradicating banditry in Shanxi, allowing him to maintain a relatively high level of public order and security.<sup id="cite_ref-Portrait2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Portrait2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yan went to great lengths to eradicate social traditions which he considered antiquated. He insisted that all men in Shanxi abandon their Qing-era queues, giving police instructions to clip off the queues of anyone still wearing them. In one instance, Yan lured people into theatres in order to have his police systematically cut the hair of the audience.<sup id="cite_ref-Portrait2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Portrait2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attempted to combat widespread female illiteracy by creating in each district at least one vocational school in which peasant girls could be given a primary-school education and taught domestic skills. After <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> military victories in the 1925 generated great interest in Shanxi for the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>'s ideology, including <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's rights in China">women's rights</a>, Yan allowed girls to enroll in middle school and college, where they promptly formed a women's association.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yan attempted to eradicate the custom of <a href="/wiki/Foot_binding" title="Foot binding">foot binding</a>, threatening to sentence men who married women with bound feet, and mothers who bound their daughters' feet, to hard labor in state-run factories. He discouraged the use of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a> and encouraged the development of local <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts" title="Boy Scouts">boy scout organizations</a>. Like the Communists who later succeeded Yan, he punished habitual lawbreakers to "redemption through labour" in state-run factories.<sup id="cite_ref-Portrait2_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Portrait2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the failed attempt by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Red_Army" title="Chinese Red Army">Chinese Red Army</a> to establish bases in southern Shanxi in early 1936 Yan became convinced that the Communists were lesser threats to his rule than either the Nationalists or the Japanese. He then negotiated a secret anti-Japanese "<a href="/wiki/Second_United_Front" title="Second United Front">United Front</a>" with the Communists in October 1936 and invited them to establish operations in Shanxi. Yan, under the slogan "resistance against the enemy and defense of the soil", attempted to recruit young, patriotic intellectuals to his government in order to organize a local resistance to the threat of Japanese invasion. By the end of 1936 Taiyuan had become a gathering point for anti-Japanese intellectuals from all over China.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_with_Japan_and_the_Chinese_Civil_War_(1937–1949)"><span id="War_with_Japan_and_the_Chinese_Civil_War_.281937.E2.80.931949.29"></span>War with Japan and the Chinese Civil War (1937–1949)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: War with Japan and the Chinese Civil War (1937–1949)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Polo Bridge Incident">Marco Polo Bridge Incident</a> in July 1937 led the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Armed_Forces" title="Imperial Japanese Armed Forces">Imperial Japanese Armed Forces</a> to invade China, and Shanxi was one of the first areas the Japanese attacked. When it became clear to Yan that his forces might not be successful in repelling the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a>, he invited Communist military forces to re-enter Shanxi. <a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a> became the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a> active in Shanxi and was named the vice-commander of the Second War Zone, under Yan himself. Yan initially responded warmly to the re-entry of the arrival of Communist forces, and they were greeted with enthusiasm by Yan's officials and officers. Communist forces arrived in Shanxi just in time to help defeat a decisively more powerful Japanese force attempting to move through the strategic <a href="/wiki/Pingxing_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingxing Pass">Pingxing Pass</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pingxingguan" title="Battle of Pingxingguan">Battle of Pingxingguan</a> was the largest battle won by the Communists against the Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-Warlord263-4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warlord263-4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Japanese responded to this defeat by outflanking the defenders and moving towards <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a>, the Communists avoided decisive battles and mostly attempted to harass Japanese forces and sabotage Japanese lines of supply and communication. The Japanese suffered, but mostly ignored the Eighth Route Army and continued to advance towards Yan's capital. The lack of attention directed at their forces gave the Communists time to recruit and propagandize among the local peasant populations (who generally welcomed Communist forces enthusiastically) and to organize a network of militia units, local guerrilla bands and popular mass organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-Warlord263-4_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warlord263-4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genuine Communist efforts to resist the Japanese gave them the authority to carry out sweeping and radical social and economic reforms, mostly related to land and wealth redistribution, which they defended by labeling those who resisted as <i><a href="/wiki/Hanjian" title="Hanjian">Hanjian</a></i>. Communist efforts to resist the Japanese also won over Shanxi's small population of patriotic intellectuals, and conservative fears of resisting them effectively gave the Communists unlimited access to the rural population. Subsequent atrocities committed by the Japanese in the effort to rid Shanxi of Communist guerrillas aroused the hatred of millions in the Shanxi countryside, causing the rural population to turn to the Communists for leadership against the Japanese. All of these factors explain how, within a year of re-entering Shanxi, the Communists were able to take control of most of Shanxi not firmly held by the Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_troops_marching_in_Xinkou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Chinese_troops_marching_in_Xinkou.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption>Chinese troops marching to defend the mountain pass at Xinkou.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xinkou" title="Battle of Xinkou">Battle of Xinkou</a>, the Chinese defenders resisted the efforts of Japan's elite <a href="/wiki/Seishir%C5%8D_Itagaki" title="Seishirō Itagaki">Itakagi Division</a> for over a month, despite Japanese advantages in artillery and air support. By the end of October 1937, Japan's losses were four times greater than those suffered at Pingxingguan, and the Itakagi Division was close to defeat. Contemporary Communist accounts called the battle "the most fierce in North China", while Japanese accounts called the battle a "stalemate". In an effort to save their forces at Xinkou, Japanese forces began an effort to occupy Shanxi from a second direction, in the east. After a week of fighting, Japanese forces captured the strategic <a href="/wiki/Niangzi_Pass" title="Niangzi Pass">Niangzi Pass</a>, opening the way to capturing Taiyuan. Communist guerrilla tactics were ineffective in slowing down the Japanese advance. The defenders at Xinkou, realizing that they were in danger of being outflanked, withdrew southward, past Taiyuan, leaving a small force of 6,000 men to hold off the entire Japanese army. A representative of the Japanese Army, speaking of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taiyuan" title="Battle of Taiyuan">the final defense of Taiyuan</a>, said that "nowhere in China have the Chinese fought so obstinately".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Japanese suffered 30,000 dead and an equal number wounded in their effort to take northern Shanxi. A Japanese study found that the battles of Pingxingguan, Xinkou, and Taiyuan were responsible for over half of all the casualties suffered by the Japanese army in North China. Yan himself was forced to withdraw after having 90% of his army destroyed, including a large force of reinforcements sent into Shanxi by the central government. Throughout 1937, numerous high-ranking Communist leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>, lavished praise on Yan for waging an uncompromising campaign of resistance against the Japanese. Possibly because of the severity of his losses in northern Shanxi, Yan abandoned a plan of defense based on positional warfare, and began to reform his army as a force capable of waging guerrilla warfare. After 1938 most of Yan's followers came to refer to his regime as a "guerrilla administration".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> and the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yan_Xishan" title="Yan Xishan">Yan Xishan</a> was notable for his ability to recruit thousands of Japanese soldiers stationed in northwest Shanxi in 1945, including their commanding officers, into his army. By recruiting the Japanese into his service in the manner that he did, he retained both the extensive industrial complex around Taiyuan and virtually all of the managerial and technical personnel employed by the Japanese to run it. Yan was so successful in convincing surrendered Japanese to work for him that, as word spread to other areas of north China, Japanese soldiers from those areas began to converge on Taiyuan to serve his government and army. At its greatest strength the Japanese "special forces" under Yan totaled 15,000 troops, plus an officer corps that was distributed throughout Yan's army. These numbers were reduced to 10,000 after serious American efforts to repatriate the Japanese were partially successful. Yan's Japanese army was instrumental in helping him to retain control of most of northern Shanxi during much of the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, but by 1949 casualties had reduced the number of Japanese soldiers under Yan's command to 3,000. The leader of the Japanese under Yan's command, Hosaku Imamura, committed suicide on the day that Taiyuan fell to Communist forces.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yan Xishan himself (along with most of the provincial treasury) was airlifted out of Taiyuan in March 1949. Shortly afterwards <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">Republic of China Air Force</a> planes stopped dropping food and supplies for the defenders due to fears of being shot down by the advancing Communists.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>, depending largely on their reinforcements of artillery, launched a major assault on April 20, 1949, and succeeded in taking all positions surrounding Taiyuan by April 22. A subsequent appeal to the defenders to surrender was refused. On the morning of April 22, 1949, the PLA bombarded Taiyuan with 1,300 pieces of artillery and breached the city's walls, initiating bloody street-to-street fighting for control of the city. At 10:00 am, April 22, the <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiyuan Campaign">Taiyuan Campaign</a> ended with the Communists in complete control of Shanxi. Total Nationalist casualties amounted to all 145,000 defenders, many of whom were taken as POWs. The Communists lost 45,000 men and an unknown number of civilian laborers they had drafted, all of whom were either killed or injured.<sup id="cite_ref-Spence488_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spence488-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fall of Taiyuan was one of the few examples in the Chinese Civil War in which Nationalist forces echoed the defeated <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Ming loyalists</a> who had, in the 17th century, brought entire cities to ruins resisting the invading Manchus. Many Nationalist officers were reported to have committed suicide when the city fell. The dead included Yan's nephew-in-law, who was serving as governor, and his cousin, who ran his household. <a href="/wiki/Liang_Huazhi" title="Liang Huazhi">Liang Huazhi</a>, the head of Yan's "Patriotic Sacrifice League", had fought for years against the Communists in Shanxi until he was finally trapped in the massively fortified city of Taiyuan. For six months Liang put up a fierce resistance, leading both Yan's remaining <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Army" title="Republic of China Army">Republic of China Army</a> forces and his thousands of Japanese mercenaries. When Communist troops finally broke into the city and began to occupy large sections of it, Liang barricaded himself inside a large, fortified prison complex filled with Communist prisoners. In a final act of desperation, Liang set fire to the prison and committed suicide as the entire compound burned to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-Spence488_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spence488-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China_(1949–present)"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China_.281949.E2.80.93present.29"></span>People's Republic of China (1949–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China (1949–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> assigned <a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a> to carry out <a href="/wiki/Land_Reform_Movement_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Reform Movement (China)">land reform</a> in Shanxi. Kang encouraged the populace to have numerous farmers from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds denounced as "landlords," beaten, arrested, and executed. In some areas of the province as many as one in five residents were denounced as landlords, and his program was copied throughout the rest of the new <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanxi became the site of Mao's "model brigade" of <a href="/wiki/Dazhai,_Xiyang_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Dazhai, Xiyang County">Dazhai</a>: a utopian communist scheme in <a href="/wiki/Xiyang_County" title="Xiyang County">Xiyang County</a> that was supposed to be the model for all other peasants in China to emulate. If the people of Dazhai were especially suited for such an experiment, it is possible that decades of Yan's socialist indoctrination may have prepared the people of Shanxi for Communist rule. After the death of Mao, the experiment was discontinued, and most peasants reverted to private farming under <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">post-Maoist economic reforms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shanxi is located on a plateau made up of higher ground to the east (<a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a>) and the west (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang_Mountains" title="Lüliang Mountains">Lüliang Mountains</a>) and a series of valleys in the center through which the <a href="/wiki/Fen_River" title="Fen River">Fen River</a> runs. The highest peak is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wutai" title="Mount Wutai">Mount Wutai</a> (Wutai Shan) in northeastern Shanxi with an altitude of 3,058 m. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a> forms most of the northern border with <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Zhongtiao_Mountains" title="Zhongtiao Mountains">Zhongtiao Mountains</a> run along part of the southern border and separate Shanxi from the east–west part of the Yellow River. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hua" title="Mount Hua">Mount Hua</a> is to the southwest. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> forms the western border of Shanxi with <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fen_River" title="Fen River">Fen</a> and Qin rivers, tributaries of the Yellow River, run north-to-south through the province, and <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drain</a> much of its area. The north of the province is drained by tributaries of the <a href="/wiki/Hai_River" title="Hai River">Hai River</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Sanggan_River" title="Sanggan River">Sanggan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hutuo_River" title="Hutuo River">Hutuo</a> rivers. The largest natural lake in Shanxi is <a href="/wiki/Xiechi_Lake" title="Xiechi Lake">Xiechi Lake</a>, a salt lake near <a href="/wiki/Yuncheng,_Shanxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuncheng, Shanxi">Yuncheng</a> in southwestern Shanxi. </p><p>Shanxi has a <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental</a> <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> climate, and is rather arid. Average January temperatures are below 0 °C, while average July temperatures are around 21–26 °C. Winters are long, dry, and cold, while summer is warm and humid. Spring is extremely dry and prone to dust storms. Shanxi is one of the sunniest parts of China; early summer heat waves are common. Annual precipitation averages around 350 to 700 millimetres (14 to 28 in), with 60% of it concentrated between June and August.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major cities: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li></ul> <p>The outline of Shanxi's territory is a parallelogram that runs from southwest to northeast. It is a typical mountain plateau widely covered by <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a>. The terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The interior of the plateau is undulating, the valleys are vertical and horizontal, and the types of landforms are complex and diverse. There are mountains, hills, terraces, plains, and rivers. The area of mountains and hills accounts for 80.1% of the total area of the province, and the area of Pingchuan and river valleys accounts for 19.9% of the total area. Most of the province's altitude is above 1,500 meters, and the highest point is the Yedoufeng, the main peak of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wutai" title="Mount Wutai">Wutai Mountain</a>, with an altitude of 3061.1 meters, which is the highest peak in northern China.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shanxi is located in the inland of the mid-latitude zone and belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate in terms of climate type. Due to the influence of solar radiation, monsoon circulation and geographical factors, Shanxi's climate has four distinct seasons, synchronous rain and heat, sufficient sunshine, significant climate difference between north and south, wide temperature difference between winter and summer, and large temperature difference between day and night. The annual average temperature in Shanxi Province is between 4.2 and 14.2 °C. The overall distribution trend is from north to south and from basin to high mountain. The annual precipitation in the whole province is between 358 and 621 mm, and the seasonal distribution is uneven. In June–August, the precipitation is relatively concentrated, accounting for about 60% of the annual precipitation, and the precipitation distribution in the province is greatly affected by the terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Area">Area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The province has a length of 682 km (424 mi) and a width of 385 km (239 mi) from east to west, with a total area of 156,700 km<sup>2</sup> (60,500 sq mi), accounting for 1.6% of the country's total area.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shanxi" title="List of administrative divisions of Shanxi">List of administrative divisions of Shanxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Shanxi" title="List of township-level divisions of Shanxi">List of township-level divisions of Shanxi</a></div> <p>Shanxi is divided into eleven <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture-level division">prefecture-level divisions</a>: all <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level cities</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">Administrative divisions of Shanxi </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="font-size:larger"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 360px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Administrative_Division_Shanxi.svg/360px-Administrative_Division_Shanxi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="643" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Administrative_Division_Shanxi.svg/540px-Administrative_Division_Shanxi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Administrative_Division_Shanxi.svg/720px-Administrative_Division_Shanxi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1500" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:156.85714285714px; top:294.14285714286px"><b><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:264px; top:77.714285714286px"><b><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:255.42857142857px; top:279.14285714286px"><b><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:208.28571428571px; top:444.14285714286px"><b><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:191.14285714286px; top:527.71428571429px"><b><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:186.85714285714px; top:129.14285714286px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:221.14285714286px; top:347.71428571429px"><b><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:58.285714285714px; top:570.57142857143px"><b><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:169.71428571429px; top:206.28571428571px"><b><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:86.142857142857px; top:469.85714285714px"><b><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:75.428571428571px; top:322px"><b><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></b></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Division </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area in km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-nj2013_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj2013-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Population 2010<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Divisions<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;"><a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Districts</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">Counties</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">CL cities</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <th>140000</th> <th>Shanxi Province </th> <td>156,000.00</td> <td>35,712,111</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> city</td> <td>26</td> <td>80</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <th>140100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> city </th> <td>6,909.96</td> <td>4,201,591</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinghualing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinghualing District">Xinghualing District</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>140200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a> city </th> <td>14,102.01</td> <td>3,318,057</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pingcheng_District" title="Pingcheng District">Pingcheng District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>140300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a> city </th> <td>4,569.91</td> <td>1,368,502</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Yangquan" title="Chengqu, Yangquan">Cheng District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>140400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a> city </th> <td>13,957.84</td> <td>3,334,564</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luzhou_District,_Changzhi" title="Luzhou District, Changzhi">Luzhou District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>140500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a> city </th> <td>9,420.43</td> <td>2,279,151</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Jincheng" title="Chengqu, Jincheng">Cheng District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>140600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a> city </th> <td>10,624.35</td> <td>1,714,857</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shuocheng_District" title="Shuocheng District">Shuocheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>140700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a> city </th> <td>16,386.34</td> <td>3,249,425</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuci_District" title="Yuci District">Yuci District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>140800</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a> city </th> <td>14,106.66</td> <td>5,134,794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yanhu_District" title="Yanhu District">Yanhu District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>140900</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a> city </th> <td>25,150.69</td> <td>3,067,501</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinfu_District,_Xinzhou" title="Xinfu District, Xinzhou">Xinfu District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>12</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>141000</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a> city </th> <td>20,589.11</td> <td>4,316,612</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yaodu_District" title="Yaodu District">Yaodu District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>14</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>141100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lvliang" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvliang">Lvliang</a> city </th> <td>21,143.71</td> <td>3,727,057</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lishi_District" title="Lishi District">Lishi District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations </th></tr> <tr> <th>English</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th>Pinyin</th> <th>Jin Romanization </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Shanxi Province</b></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">山西省</span></span></td> <td><b><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shānxī Shěng</i></span></b></td> <td><b>sä̃1 śi1 sǝŋ2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">太原市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tàiyuán Shì</i></span></td> <td>thai3 yɛ1 si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">大同市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Dàtóng Shì</i></span></td> <td>ta3 thuŋ1 si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">阳泉市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yángquán Shì</i></span></td> <td>iã1 ćhyɛ1 si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">长治市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Chángzhì Shì</i></span></td> <td>cã2 ci3 si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">晋城市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jìnchéng Shì</i></span></td> <td>tieŋ4 chǝŋ1 si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朔州市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shuòzhōu Shì</i></span></td> <td>? cou1 si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">晋中市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jìnzhōng Shì</i></span></td> <td>tieŋ4 cuŋ1 si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">运城市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yùnchéng Shì</i></span></td> <td>yŋ3 chǝŋ1 si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">忻州市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xīnzhōu Shì</i></span></td> <td>? cou1 si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">临汾市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Línfén Shì</i></span></td> <td>? ? si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">吕梁市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lǚliáng Shì</i></span></td> <td>ly2 ? si3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 11 prefecture-level cities of Shanxi are subdivided into 118 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#County_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">county-level divisions</a> (23 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>, 11 <a href="/wiki/County-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level cities">county-level cities</a>, and 84 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">counties</a>). Those are in turn divided into 1388 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">township-level divisions</a> (561 <a href="/wiki/Town_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Town of China">towns</a>, 634 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Townships of the People's Republic of China">townships</a>, and 193 <a href="/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</a>). At the end of 2017, the total population of Shanxi is 37.02 million.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Urban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities </th></tr> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>Cities</th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2020 Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2020PRCcensus_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020PRCcensus-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2010 Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #ffaaaa;">2020 City proper </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></b></td> <td>4,071,075</td> <td>3,154,157</td> <td>5,304,061 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></td> <td>1,792,696</td> <td>1,362,314<sup id="cite_ref-Datong_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Datong-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>3,105,591 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></td> <td>1,168,042</td> <td>653,125<sup id="cite_ref-Changzhi_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Changzhi-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>3,180,884 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></td> <td>900,569</td> <td>444,002<sup id="cite_ref-Jinzhong_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jinzhong-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>3,379,498 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></td> <td>696,393</td> <td>571,237</td> <td>3,976,481 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></td> <td>692,003</td> <td>432,554</td> <td>4,774,508 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></td> <td>647,272</td> <td>623,671</td> <td>1,318,505 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></td> <td>574,665</td> <td>476,945</td> <td>2,194,545 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></td> <td>420,829</td> <td>381,566</td> <td>1,593,444 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></td> <td>384,424</td> <td>279,875</td> <td>2,689,668 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></td> <td>337,489</td> <td>268,253</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Lüliang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></td> <td>335,285</td> <td>250,080</td> <td>3,398,431 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></td> <td>291,393</td> <td>232,269</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jinzhong</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huairen" title="Huairen">Huairen</a></td> <td>247,612</td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"><sup id="cite_ref-Huairen_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huairen-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Shuozhou</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></td> <td>243,544</td> <td>213,460</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jincheng</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuanping_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuanping City">Yuanping</a></td> <td>227,046</td> <td>202,562</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Xinzhou</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></td> <td>225,809</td> <td>175,824</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yuncheng</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></td> <td>207,473</td> <td>149,222</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Lüliang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></td> <td>183,575</td> <td>156,853</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Linfen</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></td> <td>182,248</td> <td>179,028</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yuncheng</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></td> <td>175,373</td> <td>137,020</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Linfen</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></td> <td>159,593</td> <td>146,161</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Taiyuan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Changzhi</i></span></td> <td>106,077<sup id="cite_ref-Changzhi_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Changzhi-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Changzhi</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c2\/Zh-Shanxi.ogg\/Zh-Shanxi.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5c71\u897f"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Shanxi.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Zh-Shanxi.ogg/Zh-Shanxi.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">山西</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Shanxi.ogg" title="File:Zh-Shanxi.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">formerly romanised</a> as <b>Shansi</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Datong-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Datong_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Yunzhou_District" title="Yunzhou District">Yunzhou (Datong County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Changzhi-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Changzhi_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Changzhi_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New districts established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng (Lucheng CLC)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shangdang_District" title="Shangdang District">Shangdang (Changzhi County)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunliu_District" title="Tunliu District">Tunliu (Tunliu County)</a>. These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jinzhong-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jinzhong_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Taigu_District" title="Taigu District">Taigu (Taigu County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huairen-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Huairen_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huairen County is currently known as Huairen CLC after 2010 census.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Most populous cities in Shanxi</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source: <i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i> Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taiyuan"><img alt="Taiyuan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg/120px-%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg/180px-%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg/240px-%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cityview_Datong_Shanxi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Datong"><img alt="Datong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cityview_Datong_Shanxi.jpg/120px-Cityview_Datong_Shanxi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cityview_Datong_Shanxi.jpg/180px-Cityview_Datong_Shanxi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cityview_Datong_Shanxi.jpg/240px-Cityview_Datong_Shanxi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="2840" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,979,700</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">295,900 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%A1%97%E6%99%AF_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Changzhi"><img alt="Changzhi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%A1%97%E6%99%AF_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%A1%97%E6%99%AF_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%A1%97%E6%99%AF_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%A1%97%E6%99%AF_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%A1%97%E6%99%AF_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%A1%97%E6%99%AF_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3078" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%98%B3%E6%B3%89%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yangquan"><img alt="Yangquan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%E9%98%B3%E6%B3%89%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG/120px-%E9%98%B3%E6%B3%89%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%E9%98%B3%E6%B3%89%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG/180px-%E9%98%B3%E6%B3%89%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%E9%98%B3%E6%B3%89%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG/240px-%E9%98%B3%E6%B3%89%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,272,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">279,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">754,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">222,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">638,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">220,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">617,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">188,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">570,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">171,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">562,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">163,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">498,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">159,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">434,100</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">150,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">310,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">132,000 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shanxi" title="Politics of Shanxi">Politics of Shanxi</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Shanxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Shanxi">Governor of Shanxi</a> is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Shanxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is subordinate to the provincial Communist <a href="/wiki/Party_Committee_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Party Committee Secretary">Party Committee Secretary</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">中共山西省委书记</span></span>), colloquially termed the "Shanxi <a href="/wiki/Party_Committee_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Party Committee Secretary">Party Committee Secretary</a>". As is the case in almost all Chinese provinces, the provincial party secretary and Governor are not natives of Shanxi; rather, they are outsiders who are, in practice, appointed by the central party and government authorities. </p><p>The province went through significant political instability since 2004, due largely to the number of scandals that have hit the province on labour safety, the environment, and the interconnected nature between the provincial political establishment and big coal companies. <a href="/wiki/Yu_Youjun" title="Yu Youjun">Yu Youjun</a> was sent by the central government in 2005 to become Governor but resigned in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/2007_Chinese_slave_scandal" title="2007 Chinese slave scandal">Shanxi slave labour scandal</a> in 2007. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Meng_Xuenong" title="Meng Xuenong">Meng Xuenong</a>, who had been previously sacked as Mayor of Beijing in the aftermath of the SARS outbreak. Meng himself was removed from office in 2008 after only a few months on the job due to the political fallout from the <a href="/wiki/2008_Shanxi_mudslide" title="2008 Shanxi mudslide">2008 Shanxi mudslide</a>. In 2008, provincial Political Consultative Conference Chair, one of the highest-ranked provincial officials, <a href="/wiki/Jin_Yinhuan" title="Jin Yinhuan">Jin Yinhuan</a>, died in a car accident. </p><p>Since <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>'s ascendancy to <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a> at the <a href="/wiki/18th_Party_Congress_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Party Congress (China)">18th Party Congress</a>, numerous highly ranked officials in Shanxi have been placed under investigation for corruption-related offenses, including four incumbent members <a href="/wiki/Bai_Yun_(politician)" title="Bai Yun (politician)">Bai Yun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Chuanping" title="Chen Chuanping">Chen Chuanping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Du_Shanxue" title="Du Shanxue">Du Shanxue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nie_Chunyu" title="Nie Chunyu">Nie Chunyu</a> of the provincial Communist Party Standing Committee. They were all removed from office around August 2014. The following were also removed from office: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ling_Zhengce" title="Ling Zhengce">Ling Zhengce</a>, the provincial Political Consultative Conference vice-chair and the older brother of <a href="/wiki/Ling_Jihua" title="Ling Jihua">Ling Jihua</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ling_Jihua" title="Ling Jihua">Ling Jihua</a>, the province's Vice Governor <a href="/wiki/Ren_Runhou" title="Ren Runhou">Ren Runhou</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Weichen" title="Shen Weichen">Shen Weichen</a>, former Taiyuan party secretary;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Suiji" title="Liu Suiji">Liu Suiji</a>, Taiyuan police secretary;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Daoming" title="Jin Daoming">Jin Daoming</a>, vice-chair of the provincial People's Congress;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Maoshe" title="Wang Maoshe">Wang Maoshe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a> party secretary; and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Lixiang" title="Feng Lixiang">Feng Lixiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a> party secretary</li></ul> <p>Thousands of Shanxi officials were disciplined during the <a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup> This necessitated a scramble to find find suitable personnel for many vacated offices.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup> In the aftermath of the 'political earthquake', party secretary <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Chunqing" title="Yuan Chunqing">Yuan Chunqing</a> was removed from his post in September 2014, with <a href="/wiki/Wang_Rulin" title="Wang Rulin">Wang Rulin</a> 'helicoptered' into the provincial Party Secretary office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GDP per capita of Shanxi is below the national average. Compared to the provinces in east China, Shanxi is less developed for many reasons. Its geographic location limits its participation in international trade, which involves mostly eastern coastal provinces. Important crops in Shanxi include <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>. The local climate and dwindling water resources limit agriculture in Shanxi.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_China" title="Mining industry of China">Mining-related industries</a> are a major part of Shanxi's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 23">: 23 </span></sup> Shanxi possesses 260 billion metric tons of known coal deposits, about a third of China's total. As a result, Shanxi is a leading producer of <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_China" title="Coal in China">coal in China</a> and has more coal companies than any other province,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an annual production exceeding 300 million metric tonnes. The Datong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">大同</span></span>), Ningwu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">宁武</span></span>), Xishan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">西山</span></span>), Hedong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">河东</span></span>), Qinshui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">沁水</span></span>), and Huoxi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">霍西</span></span>) coalfields are some of the most important in Shanxi. Shanxi also contains about 500 million tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a> deposits, about a third of total Chinese bauxite reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Industry in Shanxi is centered around heavy industries such as coal and chemical production, power generation, and metal <a href="/wiki/Refining" title="Refining">refining</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As part of an effort to promote diversification in non-resource industries, since 2004, some local governments in Shanxi province have required that coal <a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_China" title="Mining industry of China">mining companies</a> set aside funds for investing in non-coal business like <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_China" title="Agriculture in China">agriculture</a> and produce processing.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 54">: 54 </span></sup> In 2006, the provincial government established a policy of "subsidizing peasants by coal" which made this diversification a provincewide requirement and encouraged local governments to develop policies like subsidies and favorable <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_China" title="Taxation in China">tax</a> treatment to further encourage mining companies to invest in non-coal business.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 186–187">: 186–187 </span></sup> </p><p>There are countless military-related industries in Shanxi due to its geographic location and history as the former base of the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Liberation Army. <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center">Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre</a>, one of China's three satellite launch centers, is located in the middle of Shanxi with China's largest stockpile of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear missiles">nuclear missiles</a>. </p><p>Many private corporations, in joint ventures with the state-owned mining corporations, have invested billions of dollars in the mining industry of Shanxi . Hong Kong billionaire <a href="/wiki/Li_Ka-shing" title="Li Ka-shing">Li Ka-shing</a> made one of his largest investments ever in China in exploiting <a href="/wiki/Coal_gas" title="Coal gas">coal gas</a> in Shanxi. Foreign investors include mining companies from Canada, the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The mining-related companies include Daqin Railway Co. Ltd., which runs one of the busiest and most technologically advanced railways in China, connecting <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a> exclusively for coal shipping.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The revenue of Daqin Railway Co. Ltd. is among the highest among Shanxi companies due to its export of coal to Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia. </p><p>Shanxi's nominal GDP in 2011 was 1110.0 billion yuan (US$176.2 billion), ranked 21st in China. Its per-capita GDP was 21,544 yuan (US$3,154).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanxi is affected by cases of bad working conditions in coal mining and other heavy industries. Thousands of workers have died every year in those industries. Cases of child labour abuse were discovered in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central government has responded by increasing oversight, including the suspension of four coal mines in August 2021, as well as ongoing investigations in Shanxi and neighboring Shaanxi.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_zones">Industrial zones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Industrial zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taiyuan_Economic_and_Technology_Development_Zone">Taiyuan Economic and Technology Development Zone</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Taiyuan Economic and Technology Development Zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taiyuan Economic and Technology Development Zone is a state-level development zone approved by the State Council in 2001, with a planned area of 9.6 km<sup>2</sup> (3.7 sq mi). It is only 2 km (1.2 mi) from Taiyuan Airport and 3 km (1.9 mi) from the railway station. National Highways 208 and 307 pass through the zone. So far, it has formed a "four industrial base, a professional industry park" development pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taiyuan_Hi-Tech_Industrial_Development_Zone">Taiyuan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Taiyuan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Established in 1991, Taiyuan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone is the only state-level high-tech development zone in Shanxi, with total area of 24 km<sup>2</sup> (9.3 sq mi). It is close to Taiyuan Wusu Airport and Highway G208. The nearest port is Tianjin.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The transport infrastructure in Shanxi is highly developed. There are many important national highways and railways that connect the province with neighboring provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-accci.com.au_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accci.com.au-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shanxi's road hub is in the capital, Taiyuan. The major highways in province form a road network connecting all the counties. Examples of major highways are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Datong%E2%80%93Yuncheng_Expressway" title="Datong–Yuncheng Expressway">Datong–Yuncheng Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan-Jiuguan_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiyuan-Jiuguan Expressway">Taiyuan-Jiuguan Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway">Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Tianjin%E2%80%93Tanggu_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Tianjin–Tanggu Expressway">Beijing–Tianjin–Tanggu Expressway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shanxi has extensive rail infrastructure to neighboring provinces. The rail network connects to major cities Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Yuanping, Baotou, Datong, Menyuan and Jiaozuo. The province also have extensive rail network to coastal cities such as Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Yantai and Lianyungang.<sup id="cite_ref-accci.com.au_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accci.com.au-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The province has a rail network called the Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway. It will service Shenchi county in Shanxi with Huanghua port in Hebei. It will become the second largest railway for coal transport from west to east in China.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation">Aviation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shanxi's main aviation transport hub is <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Wusu_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiyuan Wusu Airport">Taiyuan Wusu Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>: <b>TYN</b>). The airport has routes connecting Shanxi to 28 domestic cities including Beijing, Xi'an, Chengdu and Chongqing. There are international routes to Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and Russia. There is also another airport in <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a>, which has domestic routes to other mainland cities.<sup id="cite_ref-accci.com.au_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accci.com.au-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population is mostly <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese ethnic groups">minorities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Ethnic groups in Shanxi, 2000 census<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic group</a></th> <th>Population</th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></td> <td>32,368,083</td> <td>99.68% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></td> <td>61,690</td> <td>0.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a></td> <td>13,665</td> <td>0.042% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a></td> <td>9,446</td> <td>0.029% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> was 12.36 births/1,000 population, while the <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> was 6.11 deaths/1,000 population. The <a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">sex ratio</a> was 105.5 males/100 females.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Honeydew; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:10.11447543034px; border-width:0 0 89.88552456966px 43.824564719311px; border-bottom-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:16.905436951112px; border-width:0 0 83.094563048888px 55.635362780469px; border-bottom-color:FireBrick"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Shanxi<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2015_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2015-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:FireBrick; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">Chinese ancestral religion</a> (15.61%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (2.17%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Honeydew; color:black;"> </span> Other religions or not religious people<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (82.22%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The predominant religions in Shanxi are <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist traditions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a>. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 15.61% of the population believes and is involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">cults of ancestors</a>, while 2.17% of the population identifies as Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2015_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2015-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 82.22% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">worship of nature deities</a>, Buddhism, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, Taoism, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">folk religious sects</a>, and small minorities of <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>. </p><p>Military police demolished a large Christian church known as Jindengtai ("Golden Lampstand") in <a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a>, Shanxi, in early January 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-HKFPdemolition_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HKFPdemolition-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2010, there were 59,709 <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> in Shanxi.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Datong_Guandi_Miao_2013.08.29_10-44-56.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Temple of Guandi in Datong."><img alt="Temple of Guandi in Datong." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Datong_Guandi_Miao_2013.08.29_10-44-56.jpg/270px-Datong_Guandi_Miao_2013.08.29_10-44-56.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Datong_Guandi_Miao_2013.08.29_10-44-56.jpg/405px-Datong_Guandi_Miao_2013.08.29_10-44-56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Datong_Guandi_Miao_2013.08.29_10-44-56.jpg/540px-Datong_Guandi_Miao_2013.08.29_10-44-56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Temple of <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guandi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pingyao_Chenghuang_Miao_2013.08.25_09-41-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chenghuangshen (City God) Temple of Pingyao."><img alt="Chenghuangshen (City God) Temple of Pingyao." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pingyao_Chenghuang_Miao_2013.08.25_09-41-29.jpg/270px-Pingyao_Chenghuang_Miao_2013.08.25_09-41-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pingyao_Chenghuang_Miao_2013.08.25_09-41-29.jpg/405px-Pingyao_Chenghuang_Miao_2013.08.25_09-41-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pingyao_Chenghuang_Miao_2013.08.25_09-41-29.jpg/540px-Pingyao_Chenghuang_Miao_2013.08.25_09-41-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chenghuangshen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenghuangshen">Chenghuangshen</a> (City God) Temple of <a href="/wiki/Pingyao_County" title="Pingyao County">Pingyao</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_gate_of_the_Temple_of_Heshen_(the_River_God)_in_Hequ,_Xinzhou,_Shanxi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Western gate of a Temple of Heshen (River God) in Hequ, Xinzhou."><img alt="Western gate of a Temple of Heshen (River God) in Hequ, Xinzhou." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Western_gate_of_the_Temple_of_Heshen_%28the_River_God%29_in_Hequ%2C_Xinzhou%2C_Shanxi.jpg/295px-Western_gate_of_the_Temple_of_Heshen_%28the_River_God%29_in_Hequ%2C_Xinzhou%2C_Shanxi.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Western_gate_of_the_Temple_of_Heshen_%28the_River_God%29_in_Hequ%2C_Xinzhou%2C_Shanxi.jpg/442px-Western_gate_of_the_Temple_of_Heshen_%28the_River_God%29_in_Hequ%2C_Xinzhou%2C_Shanxi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Western_gate_of_the_Temple_of_Heshen_%28the_River_God%29_in_Hequ%2C_Xinzhou%2C_Shanxi.jpg/590px-Western_gate_of_the_Temple_of_Heshen_%28the_River_God%29_in_Hequ%2C_Xinzhou%2C_Shanxi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Western gate of a Temple of Heshen (River God) in <a href="/wiki/Hequ_County" title="Hequ County">Hequ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Taiyuan_01_2012-09.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Taiyuan"><img alt="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Taiyuan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Taiyuan_01_2012-09.JPG/135px-Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Taiyuan_01_2012-09.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Taiyuan_01_2012-09.JPG/202px-Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Taiyuan_01_2012-09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Taiyuan_01_2012-09.JPG/270px-Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Taiyuan_01_2012-09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Cathedral,_Taiyuan" title="Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Taiyuan">Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goddess_Temple_Jinsi.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shengmu Temple at Jinci in Jinyuan, Taiyuan"><img alt="Shengmu Temple at Jinci in Jinyuan, Taiyuan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Goddess_Temple_Jinsi.JPG/240px-Goddess_Temple_Jinsi.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Goddess_Temple_Jinsi.JPG/360px-Goddess_Temple_Jinsi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Goddess_Temple_Jinsi.JPG/480px-Goddess_Temple_Jinsi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shengmu Temple at <a href="/wiki/Jinci" title="Jinci">Jinci</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jinyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinyuan District">Jinyuan</a>, Taiyuan</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2000s, the province was considered to be one of the most polluted areas in China.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pollution, caused in part by heavy coal mining, has caused significant public health challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shanxi" title="Special:EditPage/Shanxi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanxi_Museum_20110719.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Shanxi_Museum_20110719.jpg/250px-Shanxi_Museum_20110719.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Shanxi_Museum_20110719.jpg/375px-Shanxi_Museum_20110719.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Shanxi_Museum_20110719.jpg/500px-Shanxi_Museum_20110719.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The Shanxi Museum located on the west bank of <a href="/wiki/Fen_River" title="Fen River">Fen River</a> in downtown Taiyuan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muta_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Muta_2.jpg/250px-Muta_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Muta_2.jpg/375px-Muta_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Muta_2.jpg/500px-Muta_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pagoda_of_Fogong_Temple" title="Pagoda of Fogong Temple">Pagoda of Fogong Temple</a>, Ying County, built in 1056.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dialects spoken in Shanxi have traditionally been included in the Northern or <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin dialects">Mandarin</a> group. Since 1985, some linguists have argued that the dialects spoken in most of the province should be treated as a top-level division called <a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a>, based on its preservation of the Middle Chinese <a href="/wiki/Entering_tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Entering tone">entering tone</a> (stop-final) category, unlike other dialects in northern China. These dialects are also noted for extremely complex <a href="/wiki/Tone_sandhi" title="Tone sandhi">tone sandhi</a> systems. The dialects spoken in some areas in southwestern Shanxi near the borders with Henan and Shaanxi are classified in the <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a> subdivision of the Mandarin group. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_cuisine" title="Shanxi cuisine">Shanxi cuisine</a> is most well known for its extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> as a condiment, as well as for a huge variety of <a href="/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">noodle</a> dishes, particularly <a href="/wiki/Knife-cut_noodles" title="Knife-cut noodles">knife-cut noodles</a> or <i>daoxiao mian</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">刀削面</span></span>), which are served with a range of sauces. A dish originating from <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a>, the provincial capital, is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiyuan_Tounao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiyuan Tounao (page does not exist)">Taiyuan Tounao</a> (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">太原头脑</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Taiyuan Head'). It is a <a href="/wiki/Breakfast" title="Breakfast">breakfast</a> dish; a porridge-like stew made with mutton, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_yam" title="Chinese yam">Chinese yam</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">山药</span></span>), lotus roots, <i><a href="/wiki/Astragalus_(plant)" title="Astragalus (plant)">astragalus</a> membranaceus</i> (<span lang="zh-Hans">黄芪</span>; 'membranous milk vetch'), tuber onions, and yellow cooking <a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">wine</a> for additional aroma. It can be enjoyed by dipping pieces of unleavened flatbread into the soup, and is reputed to have medicinal properties. <a href="/wiki/Pingyao" title="Pingyao">Pingyao</a> is famous for its unique <a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">salt beef</a>, while the areas around <a href="/wiki/Wutai_Shan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wutai Shan">Wutai Shan</a> are known for wild <a href="/wiki/Mushrooms" class="mw-redirect" title="Mushrooms">mushrooms</a>. The most popular local spirit is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenjiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenjiu (page does not exist)">fenjiu</a>, a "light fragrance" variety of <a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">baijiu</a> that is generally sweeter than other northern Chinese spirits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi_Opera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanxi Opera (page does not exist)">Shanxi Opera</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">晋剧</span></span> <i>Jinju</i>) is the local form of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Chinese opera</a>. It was popularized during the late Qing dynasty, with the help of the then-ubiquitous Shanxi merchants who were active across parts of China. Also called <i>Zhonglu Bangzi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">中路梆子</span></span>), it is a type of <i>bangzi</i> opera (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梆子</span></span>), a group of operas generally distinguished by their use of wooden clappers for rhythm and by a more energetic singing style; Shanxi opera is also complemented by <i>quzi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">曲子</span></span>), a blanket term for more melodic styles from further south. <a href="/wiki/Puzhou_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Puzhou Opera">Puzhou Opera</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">蒲剧</span></span> <i>Puju</i>), from southern Shanxi, is a more ancient type of <i>bangzi</i> that makes use of very wide linear <a href="/wiki/Interval_(music)" title="Interval (music)">intervals</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_commerce">Ancient commerce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Ancient commerce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_merchants" title="Shanxi merchants">Shanxi merchants</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">晉商</span></span> <i>Jinshang</i>) constituted a historical phenomenon that lasted for centuries from the Song to the Qing dynasty. Shanxi merchants ranged far and wide from Central Asia to the coast of eastern China; by the Qing dynasty they were conducting trade across both sides of the Great Wall. During the late Qing dynasty, a new development occurred: the creation of <i>piaohao</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">票號</span></span>), which were essentially <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banks</a> that provided services like money transfers and transactions, deposits, and loans. After the establishment of the first <i>piaohao</i> in <a href="/wiki/Pingyao" title="Pingyao">Pingyao</a>, the bankers in Shanxi dominated China's financial market for centuries until the <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolt">collapse of Qing dynasty</a> and the coming of British banks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PingYaoCity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/PingYaoCity.jpg/250px-PingYaoCity.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/PingYaoCity.jpg/375px-PingYaoCity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/PingYaoCity.jpg/500px-PingYaoCity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A street in <a href="/wiki/Pingyao" title="Pingyao">Pingyao</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanxi is known for its abundance of heritage sites. There are 3 <a href="/wiki/World_Cultural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World Cultural Heritage">World Cultural Heritage</a> sites in the province, namely <a href="/wiki/Pingyao" title="Pingyao">Pingyao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yungang_Grottoes" title="Yungang Grottoes">Yungang Grottoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wutai" title="Mount Wutai">Mount Wutai</a>, 6 places "National Key Scenic Spots" (国家重点风景名胜区), 6 "National historic and cultural cities" (国家历史文化名城), 7 "National historic and cultural towns" (国家历史文化名镇) and 23 "National historic and cultural villages" (国家历史文化名村). It also possesses 531 <a href="/wiki/Major_Historical_and_Cultural_Site_Protected_at_the_National_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level">Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level</a>,and more than 53,800 immovable cultural relics, a number that is by far the greatest among all Chinese provinces. Some of the more notable sites are listed below. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinci" title="Jinci">Jinci</a>, a royal temple in Taiyuan, dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>, noted for its temples, Song dynasty paintings and architecture.</li> <li>The Ancient City of <a href="/wiki/Pingyao" title="Pingyao">Pingyao</a> is a county town noted for its noted for its state of preservation; It boasts a variety of <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> dynasties.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Yungang_Grottoes" title="Yungang Grottoes">Yungang Grottoes</a>, its literal translation being the Cloud Ridge Caves, is a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> near <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a>. The site consists of 252 shallow caves containing over 50,000 carved statues and reliefs of Buddhas and Boddhisatvas, dating from the 5th and 6th centuries, and ranging from 4 centimeters to 7 meters tall.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Wutai" title="Mount Wutai">Mount Wutai</a> (Wutai Shan) is the highest point in the province. It is known as the residence of the <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> <a href="/wiki/Manjusri" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjusri">Manjusri</a>, and as a result is also a major <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> pilgrimage destination, with many temples and natural sights. Points of interest include <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) era timber halls located at <a href="/wiki/Nanchan_Temple_(Wutai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanchan Temple (Wutai)">Nanchan Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foguang_Temple" title="Foguang Temple">Foguang Temple</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Sarira_Stupa_of_Tayuan_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarira Stupa of Tayuan Temple">giant white stupa at Tayuan Temple</a> built during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Heng_(Shanxi)" title="Mount Heng (Shanxi)">Mount Hengshan</a> (Heng Shan), in <a href="/wiki/Hunyuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunyuan">Hunyuan</a> County, is one of the "Five Great Peaks" of China, and is also a major <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> site. Not far from Hengshan, the <a href="/wiki/Hanging_Temple" title="Hanging Temple">Hanging Temple</a> is located on the side of a cliff and has survived for 1,400 years despite earthquakes in the area.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda_of_Fogong_Temple" title="Pagoda of Fogong Temple">Pagoda of Fogong Temple</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ying_County" title="Ying County">Ying County</a>, is a pagoda built in 1056 during the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a>. It is octagonal with nine levels (five are visible from outside), and at 67 m (220 ft) in height, it is currently the tallest wooden pagoda in the world. It is also the oldest fully wooden pagoda in China, although many no-longer-existing wooden pagodas have preceded it, and many existing stone and brick pagodas predate it by centuries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongle_Gong" title="Yongle Gong">Yongle Gong</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> Taoist temple complex noted for the wall paintings inside its three main halls.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukou_Waterfall" title="Hukou Waterfall">Hukou Waterfall</a> is located in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> on the Shanxi-<a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> border. At 50 meters, it is the second highest waterfall in China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuoquan_County" title="Zuoquan County">Zuoquan County</a>, known for its Chinese Communist Party battlefield sites.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhai,_Xiyang_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Dazhai, Xiyang County">Dazhai</a> is a village in <a href="/wiki/Xiyang_County" title="Xiyang County">Xiyang County</a>. Situated in hilly, difficult terrain, it was revered during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> as exemplary of the hardiness of the <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasants</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niangziguan_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Niangziguan Township">Niangziguan Township</a> is located in northeast <a href="/wiki/Pingding_County" title="Pingding County">Pingding County</a> which is at the junction of Shanxi and Heibei Province. It is an old village noted for the <a href="/wiki/Niangzi_Pass" title="Niangzi Pass">Niangzi Pass</a>.</li> <li>Susan Prison is an ancient prison located in Hongtong, the middle of Shanxi. The prison is built during the Ming dynasty (1369) and is the only well-preserved ancient prison in China.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_individuals">Notable individuals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notable individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Shanxi" title="Category:People from Shanxi">People from Shanxi</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boyi_and_Shuqi" title="Boyi and Shuqi">Boyi and Shuqi</a> (just after 1046 BCE), starved themselves in self-imposed exile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao" title="King Wuling of Zhao">King Wuling of Zhao</a> (325 BCE-299 BCE), ruler of State of Zhao during the Warring States period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Qing" title="Wei Qing">Wei Qing</a> (?–106 BC), military general of the Western Han dynasty whose campaigns against the Xiongnu earned him great acclaim</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Qubing" title="Huo Qubing">Huo Qubing</a> (140 BC–117 BC), military general of the Western Han dynasty during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Guang" title="Huo Guang">Huo Guang</a> (?–106 BC), powerful official of the Western Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a> (?－220), general serving under Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty who was known for his superior martial prowess on the battlefield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Liao" title="Zhang Liao">Zhang Liao</a> (169–222), general serving under Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty who was known for his superior martial prowess on the battlefield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Huang" title="Xu Huang">Xu Huang</a> (?–227), general serving under Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hao_Zhao" title="Hao Zhao">Hao Zhao</a> (220–229), general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Huai" title="Guo Huai">Guo Huai</a> (?–255), general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanqiu_Jian" title="Guanqiu Jian">Guanqiu Jian</a> (?–255), general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Lang" title="Qin Lang">Qin Lang</a> (227–238), general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Chong" title="Jia Chong">Jia Chong</a> (217–282), official who lived during the late Three Kingdoms period and early Jin dynasty of China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(Han_Zhao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)">Liu Yuan</a> (?–310), the founding emperor of the Xiongnu state Han-Zhao in 308</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Cong_(Han_Zhao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Cong (Han Zhao)">Liu Cong</a> (?–318), emperor of the Xiongnu state Han-Zhao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yao" title="Liu Yao">Liu Yao</a> (?–329), the final emperor of the Xiongnu state Han-Zhao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Le" title="Shi Le">Shi Le</a> (274–333), the founding emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Hu" title="Shi Hu">Shi Hu</a> (295–349), emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao, he was the founding emperor Shi Le's distant nephew</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Yong" title="Murong Yong">Murong Yong</a> (?–394), the last emperor of the Xianbei state Western Yan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Sengbian" title="Wang Sengbian">Wang Sengbian</a> (?–394), general of the Liang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Gui" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuoba Gui">Tuoba Gui</a> (371–409), founding emperor of the Xianbei state Northern Wei</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Tao" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuoba Tao">Tuoba Tao</a> (408–452), an emperor of Xianbei state Northern Wei</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzhu_Rong" title="Erzhu Rong">Erzhu Rong</a> (493–530), general of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei, He was of Xiongnu ancestry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzhu_Zhao" title="Erzhu Zhao">Erzhu Zhao</a> (493–530), general of the Northern Wei, He was ethnically Xiongnu and a nephew of the paramount general Erzhu Rong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hul%C3%BC_Guang" title="Hulü Guang">Hulü Guang</a> (515–572), general of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugu_Xin" title="Dugu Xin">Dugu Xin</a> (503–557), a paramount general of the state Western Wei</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchi_Jiong" title="Yuchi Jiong">Yuchi Jiong</a> (?–580), a paramount general of the states Western Wei and Northern Zhou</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchi_Jingde" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuchi Jingde">Yuchi Jingde</a> (585–658), general who lived in the early Tang dynasty and is worshipped as door god in Chinese folk religion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Tong_(philosopher)" title="Wang Tong (philosopher)">Wang Tong</a> (587–618), Confucian philosopher and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xue_Ju" title="Xue Ju">Xue Ju</a> (?–618), the founding emperor of a short-lived state of Qin at the end of the Chinese dynasty Sui dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Xingyan" title="Pei Xingyan">Pei Xingyan</a> (?–619), general in Sui dynasty who was known for his superior fighting skills on the battlefield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xue_Rengui" title="Xue Rengui">Xue Rengui</a> (614–683), general in Tang dynasty who was known for his superior martial prowess on the battlefield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Xingjian" title="Pei Xingjian">Pei Xingjian</a> (619–682), a Tang dynasty general who was best known for his victory over the Khan of Western Turkic Khaganate Ashina Duzhi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xue_Ne" title="Xue Ne">Xue Ne</a> (649–720), a general and official of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Changqing" title="Feng Changqing">Feng Changqing</a> (?－756), a general of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xue_Song" title="Xue Song">Xue Song</a> (?－773), grandson of Xue Rengui, a general of the rebel state Yan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a> (856–908), a Shatuo military governor (Jiedushi) during the late Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxiao" title="Li Cunxiao">Li Cunxiao</a> (?－894), an adoptive son of Li Keyong and considered one of the strongest warriors in ancient China history</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a> (885－926), the Prince of Jin (908–923) and later became Emperor of Later Tang (923–926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a> (867–933), the second emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Tang during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a> (892–942), the founding emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Jin during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huyan_Zan" title="Huyan Zan">Huyan Zan</a> (?-1000), a military general in the early years of imperial China's Song dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_Qing" title="Di Qing">Di Qing</a> (1008–1057), a military general of the Northern Song dynasty</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shanxi" title="List of universities and colleges in Shanxi">List of universities and colleges in Shanxi</a>.</div> <p>Major tertiary educational institutions in Shanxi include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_University_of_China" title="North University of China">North University of China</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中北大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communication_University_of_Shanxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communication University of Shanxi (page does not exist)">Communication University of Shanxi</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山西传媒大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi_Medical_College" title="Changzhi Medical College">Changzhi Medical College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">长治医学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_Datong_University" title="Shanxi Datong University">Datong University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山西大同大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong_College" title="Jinzhong College">Jinzhong College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">晋中学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishi_District#Education" title="Lishi District">Lüliang Higher College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_Agricultural_University" title="Shanxi Agricultural University">Shanxi Agricultural University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山西农业大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_College_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Shanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山西中医学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_Medical_University" title="Shanxi Medical University">Shanxi Medical University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山西医科大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_Normal_University" title="Shanxi Normal University">Shanxi Normal University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山西师范大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_University" title="Shanxi University">Shanxi University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山西大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Shanxi University of Finance and Economics">Shanxi University of Finance and Economics</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山西财经大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi_College" title="Changzhi College">Changzhi College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">长治学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Normal_University" title="Taiyuan Normal University">Taiyuan Normal University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">太原师范学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Taiyuan University of Science and Technology">Taiyuan University of Science and Technology</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">太原科技大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_University_of_Technology" title="Taiyuan University of Technology">Taiyuan University of Technology</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">太原理工大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou_Teachers_University" title="Xinzhou Teachers University">Xinzhou Teachers University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">忻州师范学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng_University" title="Yuncheng University">Yuncheng University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">运城学院</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_national_historical_and_cultural_sites_(Shanxi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major national historical and cultural sites (Shanxi)">Major national historical and cultural sites in Shanxi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2015_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2015-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into <a href="/wiki/Chinese_lineage_associations" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese lineage associations">lineage "churches"</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_shrine" title="Ancestral shrine">ancestral shrines</a>). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This may include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucians</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Deity worshippers</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoists</a>;</li> <li>Members of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">folk religious sects</a>;</li> <li>Small minorities of <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>;</li> <li>And people not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion.</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sxtourist-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sxtourist_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225200017/http://www.shanxichina.gov.cn/en/sourcefiles/html/pandent/5277.shtml">"Geography"</a>. Shanxi Tourism Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanxichina.gov.cn/en/sourcefiles/html/pandent/5277.shtml">the original</a> on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography&rft.pub=Shanxi+Tourism+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanxichina.gov.cn%2Fen%2Fsourcefiles%2Fhtml%2Fpandent%2F5277.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+Seventh+National+Population+Census+%28No.+3%29&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202105%2Ft20210510_1817188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDPdata-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDPdata_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">"National Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">China NBS</a>. March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Data&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Feasyquery.htm%3Fcn%3DE0103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span> see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shanxi.gov.cn/ywdt/sxyw/202403/t20240320_9522463.shtml">"zh: 2023年山西省国民经济和社会发展统计公报"</a>. shanxi.gov.cn. March 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zh%3A+2023%E5%B9%B4%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=shanxi.gov.cn&rft.date=2024-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanxi.gov.cn%2Fywdt%2Fsxyw%2F202403%2Ft20240320_9522463.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span> The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html">"Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development"</a> (Press release). China NBS. February 29, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+the+2023+national+economic+and+social+development&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202402%2Ft20240228_1947918.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHDI-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SHDI_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">"Human Development Indices (8.0)- China"</a>. <i>Global Data Lab</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-9772-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2020%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-9772-9&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010PRCcensus-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6"><bdi>978-7-5037-6659-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China(MOHURD)2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development">Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development</a> of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls"><i>中国城市建设统计年鉴2018</i></a> [<i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i>] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Statistic Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42018&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistic+Publishing+House&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Ministry+of+Housing+and+Urban-Rural+Development+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China%28MOHURD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohurd.gov.cn%2Fxytj%2Ftjzljsxytjgb%2Fjstjnj%2Fw02020032722244243052500000.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhan2022" class="citation book cs1">Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). <i>China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations</i>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-04898-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-009-04898-9"><bdi>978-1-009-04898-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Contained+Resource+Curse%3A+How+Minerals+Shape+State-Capital-Labor+Relations&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-009-04898-9&rft.aulast=Zhan&rft.aufirst=Jing+Vivian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanxigov.cn/gb/zgsx/sq/jjgk/ny/index.html">Infos on Shanxi official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060220221025/http://www.shanxigov.cn/gb/zgsx/sq/jjgk/ny/index.html">Archived</a> February 20, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110602033345/http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/shanxi-province/">"Shanxi Province @ The China Perspective"</a>. <i>thechinaperspective.com</i>. June 2, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/shanxi-province/">the original</a> on 2011-06-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thechinaperspective.com&rft.atitle=Shanxi+Province+%40+The+China+Perspective&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechinaperspective.com%2Ftopics%2Fprovince%2Fshanxi-province%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinamining.org/Facts/2006-09-29/1159510064d1417.html">3.9.1 Resources-China Mining</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090108033153/http://www.chinamining.org/Facts/2006-09-29/1159510064d1417.html">Archived</a> 2009-01-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sx.chinanews.com/news/2010/0316/19214.html"><bdi lang="zh">山西省统计局：山西省人均GDP 已达至3154美元</bdi></a>. <i>chinanews.com Shanxi</i> (in Simplified Chinese). 2010-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinanews.com+Shanxi&rft.atitle=%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%EF%BC%9A%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87GDP+%E5%B7%B2%E8%BE%BE%E8%87%B33154%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83&rft.date=2010-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sx.chinanews.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F0316%2F19214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8372760.stm">"Chinese mine blast toll doubles"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2009-11-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chinese+mine+blast+toll+doubles&rft.date=2009-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F8372760.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716065202/http://www.clb.org.hk/en/node/35712">"23 miners died and 53 sickened in Shanxi state-owned coal mine | China Labour Bulletin"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clb.org.hk/en/node/35712">the original</a> on July 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=23+miners+died+and+53+sickened+in+Shanxi+state-owned+coal+mine+%26%23124%3B+China+Labour+Bulletin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clb.org.hk%2Fen%2Fnode%2F35712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2209763-chinas-shanxi-province-suspends-four-coal-mines">"China's Shanxi province suspends four coal mines | Argus Media"</a>. 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%27s+Shanxi+province+suspends+four+coal+mines+%26%23124%3B+Argus+Media&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.argusmedia.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2209763-chinas-shanxi-province-suspends-four-coal-mines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/taiyuan-economic-technology-development-zone/">"RightSite.asia | Taiyuan Economic & Technology Development Zone"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RightSite.asia+%26%23124%3B+Taiyuan+Economic+%26+Technology+Development+Zone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Ftaiyuan-economic-technology-development-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/taiyuan-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/">"RightSite.asia | Taiyuan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RightSite.asia+%26%23124%3B+Taiyuan+Hi-Tech+Industrial+Development+Zone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Ftaiyuan-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-accci.com.au-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-accci.com.au_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-accci.com.au_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-accci.com.au_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accci.com.au/keycity/shanxi.htm">"Shanxi Province"</a>. <i>www.accci.com.au</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.accci.com.au&rft.atitle=Shanxi+Province&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accci.com.au%2Fkeycity%2Fshanxi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sz.sxei.cn/szszsj/tzhj/tzhj_1.htm">Brief Introduction of Shuozhou</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707051228/http://www.sz.sxei.cn/szszsj/tzhj/tzhj_1.htm">Archived</a> 2011-07-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/shanxi/datong/transportation/">"Datong Transportation: by Air, Train, Bus and Taxi"</a>. <i>www.travelchinaguide.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.travelchinaguide.com&rft.atitle=Datong+Transportation%3A+by+Air%2C+Train%2C+Bus+and+Taxi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelchinaguide.com%2Fcityguides%2Fshanxi%2Fdatong%2Ftransportation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Bureau_of_StatisticsState_Ethnic_Affairs_Commission2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics</a>; <a href="/wiki/State_Ethnic_Affairs_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State Ethnic Affairs Commission">State Ethnic Affairs Commission</a>, eds. (2003). <bdi lang="zh">《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》</bdi> [<i>Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China</i>] (in Chinese (China)). Beijing: <a href="/wiki/Publishing_House_of_Minority_Nationalities" title="Publishing House of Minority Nationalities">Publishing House of Minority Nationalities</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-105-05425-5" title="Special:BookSources/7-105-05425-5"><bdi>7-105-05425-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A2000%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E3%80%8B&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=Publishing+House+of+Minority+Nationalities&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=7-105-05425-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221011759/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/ndtjgb/dfndtjgb/t20050322_402237103.htm"><bdi lang="zh">山西（2004年）</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/ndtjgb/dfndtjgb/t20050322_402237103.htm">the original</a> on February 21, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%EF%BC%882004%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Fndtjgb%2Fdfndtjgb%2Ft20050322_402237103.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wang2015-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wang2015_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wang2015_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wang2015_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1">Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> 2015-09-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HKFPdemolition-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HKFPdemolition_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAFP2018" class="citation web cs1">AFP (14 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/01/14/video-china-demolishes-christian-megachurch-explosives-religious-groups-denounce-taliban-style-persecution/">"China demolishes Christian megachurch with explosives as religious groups decry 'Taliban-style persecution'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2018</span>. <q>The huge evangelical Jindengtai ("Golden Lampstand") Church, painted grey and surmounted by turrets and a large red cross, was located in Linfen, Shanxi province. Its demolition began on Tuesday under "a city-wide campaign to remove illegal buildings", the <i><a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a></i> newspaper reported, quoting a local government official who wished to remain anonymous.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press&rft.atitle=China+demolishes+Christian+megachurch+with+explosives+as+religious+groups+decry+%27Taliban-style+persecution%27&rft.date=2018-01-14&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hongkongfp.com%2F2018%2F01%2F14%2Fvideo-china-demolishes-christian-megachurch-explosives-religious-groups-denounce-taliban-style-persecution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-muslim/muslim-in-china.htm">"Muslim in China, Muslim Population & Distribution & Minority in China"</a>. <i>www.topchinatravel.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.topchinatravel.com&rft.atitle=Muslim+in+China%2C+Muslim+Population+%26+Distribution+%26+Minority+in+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topchinatravel.com%2Fchina-muslim%2Fmuslim-in-china.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8012852.stm">Disabilities in China's polluted Shanxi</a>, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">原化周. (1996). 一座完整的明代监狱——苏三监狱. <i>上海集邮 / Shanghai Philately</i>, <i>6</i>, 11.<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lib.cqvip.com/qk/80553X/199606/4001179067.html">http://lib.cqvip.com/qk/80553X/199606/4001179067.html</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Endymion_Wilkinson" title="Endymion Wilkinson">Wilkinson, Endymion</a> (2012). <a href="/wiki/Chinese_History:_A_New_Manual" title="Chinese History: A New Manual"><i>Chinese History: A New Manual</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Yenching_Institute" title="Harvard–Yenching Institute">Harvard–Yenching Institute</a> Monograph Series. Vol. 84. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Asia_Center" title="Harvard University Asia Center">Harvard University Asia Center</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06715-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06715-8"><bdi>978-0-674-06715-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+History%3A+A+New+Manual&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.series=Harvard%E2%80%93Yenching+Institute+Monograph+Series&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-674-06715-8&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Endymion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanxi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shanxi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shanxi">Shanxi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shanxi" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Shanxi">Shanxi</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shansi" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Shansi">Shansi</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Shanxi#Q46913" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Shanxi">Shanxi</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanxigov.cn">Official website</a></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/shanxi.htm">Economic profile for Shanxi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">HKTDC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanxi.ca/">Shanxi Community of Canada website</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4662">"Geographic Surveys by Imperial Order"</a>, from 1707 to 1708, is considered one of the first atlases of the Qing dynasty to document the Shanxi area.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Shanxi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Shanxi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Shanxi</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template talk:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">Provincial-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_blank_province_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/150px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/225px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/300px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Disputed province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size:80%;"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a> is <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">claimed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> but administered by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a>).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Shanxi_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shanxi" title="Template:Shanxi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shanxi" title="Template talk:Shanxi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shanxi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shanxi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Shanxi_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shanxi" title="List of administrative divisions of Shanxi">County-level divisions</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanxi</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinghualing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinghualing District">Xinghualing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaodian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiaodian District">Xiaodian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingze_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yingze District">Yingze District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiancaoping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiancaoping District">Jiancaoping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanbailin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanbailin District">Wanbailin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinyuan District">Jinyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingxu_County" title="Qingxu County">Qingxu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangqu_County" title="Yangqu County">Yangqu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loufan_County" title="Loufan County">Loufan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pingcheng_District" title="Pingcheng District">Pingcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yungang_District" title="Yungang District">Yungang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinrong_District" title="Xinrong District">Xinrong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunzhou_District" title="Yunzhou District">Yunzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanggao_County" title="Yanggao County">Yanggao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhen_County" title="Tianzhen County">Tianzhen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangling_County" title="Guangling County">Guangling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingqiu_County" title="Lingqiu County">Lingqiu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunyuan_County" title="Hunyuan County">Hunyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuoyun_County" title="Zuoyun County">Zuoyun County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Yangquan" title="Chengqu, Yangquan">Cheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuangqu,_Yangquan" title="Kuangqu, Yangquan">Kuang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaoqu,_Yangquan" title="Jiaoqu, Yangquan">Jiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingding_County" title="Pingding County">Pingding County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_County,_Shanxi" title="Yu County, Shanxi">Yu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou_District,_Changzhi" title="Luzhou District, Changzhi">Luzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdang_District" title="Shangdang District">Shangdang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunliu_District" title="Tunliu District">Tunliu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyuan_County" title="Xiangyuan County">Xiangyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingshun_County" title="Pingshun County">Pingshun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licheng_County" title="Licheng County">Licheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huguan_County" title="Huguan County">Huguan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzi_County" title="Zhangzi County">Zhangzi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxiang_County" title="Wuxiang County">Wuxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_County" title="Qin County">Qin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyuan_County" title="Qinyuan County">Qinyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Jincheng" title="Chengqu, Jincheng">Cheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zezhou_County" title="Zezhou County">Zezhou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinshui_County" title="Qinshui County">Qinshui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangcheng_County" title="Yangcheng County">Yangcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingchuan_County,_Shanxi" title="Lingchuan County, Shanxi">Lingchuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuocheng_District" title="Shuocheng District">Shuocheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinglu_District" title="Pinglu District">Pinglu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanyin_County" title="Shanyin County">Shanyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_County" title="Ying County">Ying County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youyu_County" title="Youyu County">Youyu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huairen" title="Huairen">Huairen</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuci_District" title="Yuci District">Yuci District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taigu_District" title="Taigu District">Taigu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushe_County" title="Yushe County">Yushe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuoquan_County" title="Zuoquan County">Zuoquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshun_County" title="Heshun County">Heshun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiyang_County" title="Xiyang County">Xiyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouyang_County" title="Shouyang County">Shouyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Shanxi" title="Qi County, Shanxi">Qi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyao_County" title="Pingyao County">Pingyao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingshi_County" title="Lingshi County">Lingshi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yanhu_District" title="Yanhu District">Yanhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruicheng_County" title="Ruicheng County">Ruicheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi_County,_Shanxi" title="Linyi County, Shanxi">Linyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanrong_County" title="Wanrong County">Wanrong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_County" title="Xinjiang County">Xinjiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishan_County" title="Jishan County">Jishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenxi_County" title="Wenxi County">Wenxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_County" title="Jiang County">Jiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinglu_County" title="Pinglu County">Pinglu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanqu_County" title="Yuanqu County">Yuanqu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_County" title="Xia County">Xia County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinfu_District,_Xinzhou" title="Xinfu District, Xinzhou">Xinfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxiang_County" title="Dingxiang County">Dingxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wutai_County" title="Wutai County">Wutai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_County" title="Dai County">Dai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanshi_County" title="Fanshi County">Fanshi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningwu_County" title="Ningwu County">Ningwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_County" title="Jingle County">Jingle County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenchi_County" title="Shenchi County">Shenchi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhai_County" title="Wuzhai County">Wuzhai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelan_County" title="Kelan County">Kelan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hequ_County" title="Hequ County">Hequ County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baode_County" title="Baode County">Baode County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pianguan_County" title="Pianguan County">Pianguan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaodu_District" title="Yaodu District">Yaodu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quwo_County" title="Quwo County">Quwo County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng_County" title="Yicheng County">Yicheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangfen_County" title="Xiangfen County">Xiangfen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdong_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongdong County">Hongtong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_County" title="Gu County">Gu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anze_County" title="Anze County">Anze County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushan_County" title="Fushan County">Fushan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_County,_Shanxi" title="Ji County, Shanxi">Ji County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangning_County" title="Xiangning County">Xiangning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu_County" title="Pu County">Pu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daning_County" title="Daning County">Daning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonghe_County" title="Yonghe County">Yonghe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_County,_Shanxi" title="Xi County, Shanxi">Xi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenxi_County" title="Fenxi County">Fenxi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lishi_District" title="Lishi District">Lishi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshui_County" title="Wenshui County">Wenshui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyang_County" title="Zhongyang County">Zhongyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xing_County" title="Xing County">Xing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_County,_Shanxi" title="Lin County, Shanxi">Lin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangshan_County" title="Fangshan County">Fangshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liulin_County" title="Liulin County">Liulin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan_County" title="Lan County">Lan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaokou_County" title="Jiaokou County">Jiaokou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaocheng_County" title="Jiaocheng County">Jiaocheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilou_County" title="Shilou County">Shilou County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shanxi_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shanxi_topics" title="Template:Shanxi topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shanxi_topics" title="Template talk:Shanxi topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shanxi_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shanxi topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shanxi_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanxi</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shanxi" title="Category:Shanxi">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shanxi" title="Politics of Shanxi">Politics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Shanxi" title="Category:Geography of Shanxi">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Shanxi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fen_River" title="Fen River">Fen River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutuo_River" title="Hutuo River">Hutuo River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang_Mountains" title="Lüliang Mountains">Lüliang Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Heng_(Shanxi)" title="Mount Heng (Shanxi)">Mount Heng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Wutai" title="Mount Wutai">Mount Wutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiechi_Lake" title="Xiechi Lake">Xiechi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shanxi" title="List of universities and colleges in Shanxi">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_University" title="Shanxi University">Shanxi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_Medical_University" title="Shanxi Medical University">Shanxi Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Normal_University" title="Taiyuan Normal University">Taiyuan Normal University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu_opera" title="Pu opera">Pu opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_merchants" title="Shanxi merchants">Shanxi merchants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_cuisine" title="Shanxi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bianjing_Drum_Tower" title="Bianjing Drum Tower">Bianjing Drum Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhai,_Xiyang_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Dazhai, Xiyang County">Dazhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukou_Waterfall" title="Hukou Waterfall">Hukou Waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinci" title="Jinci">Jinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengshan_Giant_Buddha" title="Mengshan Giant Buddha">Mengshan Giant Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Heng_(Shanxi)" title="Mount Heng (Shanxi)">Mount Heng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda_of_Fogong_Temple" title="Pagoda of Fogong Temple">Pagoda of Fogong Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyao" title="Pingyao">Pingyao Ancient City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Family_Compound" title="Qiao Family Compound">Qiao Family Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlongshan_Grottoes" title="Tianlongshan Grottoes">Tianlongshan Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanmen_Pass" title="Yanmen Pass">Yanmen Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yungang_Grottoes" title="Yungang Grottoes">Yungang Grottoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Shanxi" title="Category:Shanxi">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shanxi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shanxi">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46913#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46913#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46913#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149662876">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx4tDt8wggqGCPmQ44cyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4105805-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80131727">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01089910">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Shanxi (Čína : provincie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge810323&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5263185">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559619505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b2afe02d-47ae-4c62-978d-85d3f5ea4004">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&oldid=1255433863">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanxi&oldid=1255433863</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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