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class="mw-page-title-main">Bryan–Chamorro Treaty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractat_Bryan-Chamorro" title="Tractat Bryan-Chamorro – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tractat Bryan-Chamorro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryanova%E2%80%93Chamorrova_smlouva" title="Bryanova–Chamorrova smlouva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bryanova–Chamorrova smlouva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_Bryan-Chamorro" title="Tratado Bryan-Chamorro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tratado Bryan-Chamorro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_Bryan-Chamorro" title="Traité Bryan-Chamorro – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traité Bryan-Chamorro" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Брайан — Чаморро шарты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Брайан — Чаморро шарты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brayan-Chamorro_shartnomasi" title="Brayan-Chamorro shartnomasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brayan-Chamorro shartnomasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_Bryan-Chamorro" title="Tratado Bryan-Chamorro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tratado Bryan-Chamorro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Договор Брайана — Чаморро – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Договор Брайана — Чаморро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E6%81%A9%E2%80%94%E6%9F%A5%E8%8E%AB%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="布赖恩—查莫罗条约 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1914 treaty giving the United States full control over any canal built through Nicaragua</div> <p>The <b>Bryan–Chamorro Treaty</b> was signed between <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on August 5, 1914. It gave the United States full rights over any future <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaragua Canal">canal built through Nicaragua</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson administration</a> changed the treaty by adding a provision similar in language to that of the <a href="/wiki/Platt_Amendment" title="Platt Amendment">Platt Amendment</a>, which would have authorized <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">military intervention in Nicaragua</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> opposed the new provision; in response, it was dropped and the treaty was formally ratified on June 19, 1916. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan%E2%80%93Chamorro_Treaty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The democratically elected and reform-minded Liberal Party president <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Santos_Zelaya" title="José Santos Zelaya">José Santos Zelaya López</a> had incurred the wrath of the United States by negotiating with <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> to resurrect the proposed <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaragua Canal">Nicaragua Canal</a>, which might constitute potential future foreign competition with the newly built, U.S.-owned <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>. After supporting an insurgency against the government led by Conservative Party insurgents <a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Chamorro" class="mw-redirect" title="Emiliano Chamorro">Emiliano Chamorro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Estrada" title="Juan José Estrada">Juan José Estrada</a> with arms, funds, troops, warships, and economic measures, the United States eventually forced the popular liberal Presidents José Zelaya and then <a href="/wiki/Jose_Madriz" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Madriz">Jose Madriz</a> to flee the country. It then installed the conservative governments of first Juan José Estrada (soon deposed by the powerful Secretary of War <a href="/wiki/Luis_Mena_(Nicaraguan_politician)" title="Luis Mena (Nicaraguan politician)">Luis Mena</a>) and then former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_D%C3%ADaz" title="Adolfo Díaz">Adolfo Díaz</a>. When General Luis Mena convinced the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly" title="National Assembly">National Assembly</a> to name him successor to the unpopular pro-U.S. Adolfo Díaz, the United States invaded and occupied Nicaragua militarily from 1912 to 1933, wrote a new constitution for the country, changed the National Assembly, and propped up successive conservative regimes under the presidents Adolfo Díaz, Emiliano Chamorro, and <a href="/wiki/Diego_Manuel_Chamorro_Bola%C3%B1os" class="mw-redirect" title="Diego Manuel Chamorro Bolaños">Diego Manuel Chamorro</a>. Luis Mena fled into the countryside to start a rebellion, which continued under various leaders for the next 60 years. In exchange for <a href="/wiki/Concession_(contract)" title="Concession (contract)">political concessions</a> from Adolfo Díaz, the United States provided the military strength to suppress popular revolt and ensure the conservative regime maintained control over the Nicaraguan government. For much of the 20th century, Nicaragua remained controlled under the hereditary dictatorship of the Chamorro and after 1936 the Somoza dynasties until widespread rebellions forced them out of power in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Brief_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brief-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111, 197">: 111, 197 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Musicant_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musicant-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 143">: 143 </span></sup> </p><p>The Treaty was named after the principal negotiators: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>, U.S. Secretary of State; and the then <a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Chamorro_Vargas" title="Emiliano Chamorro Vargas">General Emiliano Chamorro</a>, representing the Nicaraguan government. By the terms of the treaty, the United States acquired the rights to any canal built in Nicaragua in perpetuity, a renewable 99year option to establish a naval base in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a>, and a renewable 99-year lease to the Great and Little <a href="/wiki/Corn_Islands" title="Corn Islands">Corn Islands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. For those concessions, Nicaragua received $3 million. </p><p>Most of the $3 million was paid back to U.S. creditors by U.S. officials in charge of Nicaraguan financial affairs, which allowed the Nicaraguan government to continue to collect internal revenue. The debt had been quickly amassed in a two-year period by the Nicaraguan government of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Estrada" title="Juan José Estrada">Juan José Estrada</a> under the American <a href="/wiki/Dollar_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar Diplomacy">"dollars for bullets"</a> scheme to retard infrastructure development funding from rival powers and lingering debts from earlier indemnities Nicaragua was forced to pay the foreign occupying powers of the United States and <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_Crisis_of_1895#British_occupation_of_Corinto" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaragua Crisis of 1895">Great Britain</a>, and repairing the devastation inflicted from the <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_Crisis_of_1895" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaragua Crisis of 1895">war with Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua#Estrada's_rebellion_(1909)" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">war with the United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua#Mena's_rebellion_(1912)" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">civil war of Luis Mena's Rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Musicant_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musicant-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 143">: 143 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the request of Nicaragua, the United States under <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and Nicaragua under <a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle" title="Anastasio Somoza Debayle">Anastasio Somoza Debayle</a> held a convention, on July 14, 1970, that officially abolished the treaty and all its provisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intended_impact">Intended impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan%E2%80%93Chamorro_Treaty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Intended impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At various times since the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> opened in 1914, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Nicaraguan_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Nicaraguan Canal">the Nicaragua route has been reconsidered</a>. Its construction would shorten the water distance between <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> by nearly 800 kilometers (500 mi). The Bryan–Chamorro Treaty kept Nicaragua from—and stopped any potential European powers from—competing with the Panama Canal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unintended_impact">Unintended impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan%E2%80%93Chamorro_Treaty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Unintended impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The provision of the Bryan–Chamorro Treaty granting rights to United States to build a naval base in the Gulf of Fonseca was contested by <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System#First_Central_American_Court_of_Justice" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Court of Justice</a> saw in the favor of the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States ignored the decision, contributing significantly to the court's collapse in 1918. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan%E2%80%93Chamorro_Treaty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Nicaragua–United States relations">Nicaragua–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan%E2%80%93Chamorro_Treaty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brief-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brief_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPérez-Brignolitranslated_by_Sawrey_A.Sawrey1989" class="citation book cs1">Pérez-Brignoli, Héctor; translated by Sawrey A., Ricardo B.; Sawrey, Susana Stettri de (1989). <i>A Brief History of Central America</i> (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520060494" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520060494"><bdi>978-0520060494</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Central+America&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0520060494&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez-Brignoli&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9ctor&rft.au=translated+by+Sawrey+A.%2C+Ricardo+B.&rft.au=Sawrey%2C+Susana+Stettri+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABryan%E2%80%93Chamorro+Treaty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213236/http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=12191">"US violence for a century: Nicaragua: 1912–33"</a>. <i>Socialist Worker</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=12191">the original</a> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Socialist+Worker&rft.atitle=US+violence+for+a+century%3A+Nicaragua%3A+1912%E2%80%9333&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialistworker.co.uk%2Fart.php%3Fid%3D12191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABryan%E2%80%93Chamorro+Treaty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunro1964" class="citation book cs1">Munro, Dana Gardner (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interventiondoll0000munr"><i>Intervention and Dollar Diplomacy in the Caribbean, 1900-1921</i></a></span>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interventiondoll0000munr/page/205">205</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691625010" title="Special:BookSources/9780691625010"><bdi>9780691625010</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intervention+and+Dollar+Diplomacy+in+the+Caribbean%2C+1900-1921&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=9780691625010&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=Dana+Gardner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finterventiondoll0000munr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABryan%E2%80%93Chamorro+Treaty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musicant-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Musicant_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musicant_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusicant1990" class="citation book cs1">Musicant, Ivan (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bananawarshistor00musi"><i>The Banana Wars: A History of United States Military Intervention in Latin America from the Spanish–American War to the Invasion of Panama</i></a></span>. New York: MacMillan Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-588210-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-588210-2"><bdi>978-0-02-588210-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Banana+Wars%3A+A+History+of+United+States+Military+Intervention+in+Latin+America+from+the+Spanish%E2%80%93American+War+to+the+Invasion+of+Panama&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=MacMillan+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-02-588210-2&rft.aulast=Musicant&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbananawarshistor00musi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABryan%E2%80%93Chamorro+Treaty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1909-12-21/ed-1/seq-1/;words=ZELAYA+Zelaya+Madriz?date1=1909&sort=relevance&sort=relevance&sort=relevance&sort=relevance&rows=20&searchType=basic&state=&date2=1909&proxtext=zelaya+madriz+&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=4&page=3&page=2&page=3&page=1&index=8">"New York Tribune, December 21, 1909"</a>. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 1909-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Tribune%2C+December+21%2C+1909&rft.pub=Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&rft.date=1909-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn83030214%2F1909-12-21%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F%3Bwords%3DZELAYA%2BZelaya%2BMadriz%3Fdate1%3D1909%26sort%3Drelevance%26sort%3Drelevance%26sort%3Drelevance%26sort%3Drelevance%26rows%3D20%26searchType%3Dbasic%26state%3D%26date2%3D1909%26proxtext%3Dzelaya%2Bmadriz%2B%26y%3D0%26x%3D0%26dateFilterType%3DyearRange%26page%3D4%26page%3D3%26page%3D2%26page%3D3%26page%3D1%26index%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABryan%E2%80%93Chamorro+Treaty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1909-12-21/ed-1/seq-1/;words=Madriz+Zelaya+ZELAYA+MADRIZ?date1=1909&rows=20&searchType=basic&state=&date2=1909&proxtext=zelaya+madriz&y=10&x=17&dateFilterType=yearRange&index=7"><i>The Los Angeles Herald</i></a> December 21, 1909.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealy2011" class="citation book cs1">Healy, David (1 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kBlqlhxSJgwC&q=Indemnities+Corinto+1895&pg=PA24"><i>US Expansionism: The Imperialist Urge in the 1890s</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299058531" title="Special:BookSources/9780299058531"><bdi>9780299058531</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=US+Expansionism%3A+The+Imperialist+Urge+in+the+1890s&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.isbn=9780299058531&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkBlqlhxSJgwC%26q%3DIndemnities%2BCorinto%2B1895%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABryan%E2%80%93Chamorro+Treaty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbreu2017" class="citation book cs1">Abreu, María Verónica Valarino de (18 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pEGtDgAAQBAJ&q=Corinto+1895&pg=PA33"><i>The Anglo-Venezuelan Boundary Dispute: A Victory for Whom?</i></a>. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781365833847" title="Special:BookSources/9781365833847"><bdi>9781365833847</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglo-Venezuelan+Boundary+Dispute%3A+A+Victory+for+Whom%3F&rft.pages=33&rft.date=2017-03-18&rft.isbn=9781365833847&rft.aulast=Abreu&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Ver%C3%B3nica+Valarino+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpEGtDgAAQBAJ%26q%3DCorinto%2B1895%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABryan%E2%80%93Chamorro+Treaty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170720155046/http://www.worldcourts.com/cacj/eng/decisions/1917.03.09_El_Salvador_v_Nicaragua.htm">"El Salvador v. Nicaragua, CACJ, Judgment of 9 March 1917, 11 Am. J. Int'l L. 674 (1917)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcourts.com/cacj/eng/decisions/1917.03.09_El_Salvador_v_Nicaragua.htm">the original</a> on 2017-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Salvador+v.+Nicaragua%2C+CACJ%2C+Judgment+of+9+March+1917%2C+11+Am.+J.+Int%27l+L.+674+%281917%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcourts.com%2Fcacj%2Feng%2Fdecisions%2F1917.03.09_El_Salvador_v_Nicaragua.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABryan%E2%80%93Chamorro+Treaty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan%E2%80%93Chamorro_Treaty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baker, George W. "The Wilson Administration and Nicaragua, 1913–1921." <i>The Americas</i> 22.4 (1966): 339-376 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/979017">https://doi.org/10.2307/979017</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/979017">online</a></li> <li>Bemis, Samuel Flagg. <i>The Latin American Policy of the United States.</i> (1943) passim and p. 465 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.6941">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Bermann, Karl. <i>Under the big stick: Nicaragua and the United States since 1848</i> (Boston: South End Press, 1986)</li> <li>Coletta, Paolo E. <i>William Jennings Bryan: Progressive politician and moral statesman, 1909-1915. Vol. 2</i> (U of Nebraska Press, 1964).</li> <li>Harrison, Benjamin T. "Woodrow Wilson and Nicaragua." <i>Caribbean Quarterly</i> 51.1 (2005): 25-36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4065449">online</a></li> <li>Link, Arthur S. <i>Wilson: The New Freedom</i> (1956) pp. 331–342.</li> <li>Link, Arthur S. ed. <i>The Papers of Woodrow Wilson volume 27: 1913</i> (1978) pp 526–530 for summary of treaty.</li> <li>Munro, Dana G. "Dollar Diplomacy in Nicaragua, 1909-1913." <i>Hispanic American Historical Review</i> 38.2 (1958): 209-234. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article-pdf/38/2/209/785217/0380209.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Jones, Howard (2001). <i>Crucible of Power: A History of U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1897</i>. Scholarly Resources Inc <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8420-2918-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8420-2918-4">0-8420-2918-4</a></li> <li>Walker, Thomas W. (2003). <i>Nicaragua: Living in the Shadow of the Eagle</i> (4th ed.). Westview Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-4033-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-4033-0">0-8133-4033-0</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan%E2%80%93Chamorro_Treaty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-ni-ust000010-0379.pdf">Text of Bryan-Chamorro Treaty - Library of Congress</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1913–1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_Jersey" title="List of governors of New Jersey">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor of New Jersey</a> (1911–1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13th <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Princeton_University" title="List of presidents of Princeton University">President of Princeton University</a> (1902–1910)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Woodrow Wilson presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidential transition of Woodrow Wilson">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson">1913 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson">1917 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_desk" title="Theodore Roosevelt desk">Roosevelt desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Woodrow_Wilson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Woodrow Wilson Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court nominees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination">Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Woodrow Wilson">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates#Laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">1919 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19th Amendment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Sentinels" title="Silent Sentinels">Silent Sentinels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Suffrage_Procession" title="Woman Suffrage Procession">Woman Suffrage Procession</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1913 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1914 State of the Union Address">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1915 State of the Union Address">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1916 State of the Union Address">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1917 State of the Union Address">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1918 State of the Union Address">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1920 State of the Union Address">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidential transition of Warren G. Harding">Harding transition</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilsonianism" title="Wilsonianism">Wilsonianism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bryan–Chamorro Treaty</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">Occupation of Haiti</a> (1915–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)">Occupation of the Dominican Republic</a> (1916–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Appropriations_Act_of_1916" title="Army Appropriations Act of 1916">Army Appropriations Act of 1916</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_National_Defense" title="Council of National Defense">Council of National Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Law_(Philippines)" title="Jones Law (Philippines)">Philippine Autonomy Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li>1917–1918; <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_campaigns_in_World_War_I" title="United States campaigns in World War I">campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I#United_States" title="Home front during World War I">home front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Public_Information" title="Committee on Public Information">Committee on Public Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Minute_Men" title="Four Minute Men">Four Minute Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points" title="Fourteen Points">Fourteen Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inquiry" title="The Inquiry">The Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Commission_to_Negotiate_Peace" title="American Commission to Negotiate Peace">American Commission to Negotiate Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice of 11 November 1918</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917">Espionage Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">Selective Service Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1918" title="Immigration Act of 1918">Immigration Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918" title="Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918">Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Labor_Board_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="National War Labor Board (1918–1919)">National War Labor Board</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedition_Act_of_1918" title="Sedition Act of 1918">Sedition Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_Measure_Act_of_1918" title="Wartime Measure Act of 1918">Wartime Measure Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li>1919–1920; <a href="/wiki/Racial_Equality_Proposal" title="Racial Equality Proposal">Racial Equality Proposal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_speech" title="Pueblo speech">Pueblo speech</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> <ul><li>1919; <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(World_War_I)#Woodrow_Wilson" title="Big Four (World War I)">Big Four</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li>1920; <a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">charter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilsonian_Armenia" title="Wilsonian Armenia">Wilsonian Armenia</a> (1920)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_New_Freedom" title="The New Freedom">New Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_race" title="Woodrow Wilson and race">Federal racial segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> <ul><li>1913; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands_Labor_Act" title="Newlands Labor Act">Newlands Labor Act</a> <ul><li>1913; <a href="/wiki/National_Mediation_Board" title="National Mediation Board">Board of Mediation and Conciliation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raker_Act" title="Raker Act">Raker Act</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1913" title="Revenue Act of 1913">Revenue Act of 1913</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Income tax in the United States">Federal income tax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_and_Harbors_Act" title="Rivers and Harbors Act">Rivers and Harbors Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_and_Harbors_Act_of_1913" title="Rivers and Harbors Act of 1913">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Harbors_Act_of_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="River and Harbors Act of 1914">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Harbors_Act_of_1915" title="River and Harbors Act of 1915">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Harbors_Act_of_1916" title="River and Harbors Act of 1916">1916</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabath_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabath Act">Sabath Act</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Antitrust_Act_of_1914" title="Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914">Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Futures_Act" title="Cotton Futures Act">Cotton Futures Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutter_Service_Act" title="Cutter Service Act">Cutter Service Act</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Internal_Revenue_Tax_Act" title="Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act">Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act_of_1914" title="Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914">Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_National_Park_(U.S.)" title="Glacier National Park (U.S.)">Glacier National Park Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Legislative Reference Service</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%E2%80%93Lever_Act_of_1914" title="Smith–Lever Act of 1914">Smith–Lever Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Risk_Insurance_Act" title="War Risk Insurance Act">War Risk Insurance Act</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_Inspection_Act" title="Locomotive Inspection Act">Locomotive Inspection Act</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupancy_Permits_Act" title="Occupancy Permits Act">Occupancy Permits Act</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamson_Act" title="Adamson Act">Adamson Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_Disposal_Act_of_1916" title="Brush Disposal Act of 1916">Brush Disposal Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Futures_Act_of_1916" title="Cotton Futures Act of 1916">Cotton Futures Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Road_Act_of_1916" title="Federal Aid Road Act of 1916">Federal Aid Road Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees%27_Compensation_Act" title="Federal Employees' Compensation Act">Federal Employees' Compensation Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Farm_Loan_Act" title="Federal Farm Loan Act">Federal Farm Loan Act</a> <ul><li>1916; <a href="/wiki/Farm_Credit_System" title="Farm Credit System">Farm Credit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Farm_Board" title="Federal Farm Board">Federal Farm Loan Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(United_States)" title="Flag Day (United States)">Flag Day</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraudulent_Advertising_Act_of_1916" title="Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916">Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keating%E2%80%93Owen_Act" title="Keating–Owen Act">Keating–Owen Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Organic_Act" title="National Park Service Organic Act">National Park Service Organic Act</a> <ul><li>1916; <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1916" title="Revenue Act of 1916">Revenue Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Post_Roads_Act_of_1916" title="Rural Post Roads Act of 1916">Rural Post Roads Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_District_Act_of_1916_(Smith_Act)" title="Irrigation District Act of 1916 (Smith Act)">Smith Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock-Raising_Homestead_Act" title="Stock-Raising Homestead Act">Stock-Raising Homestead Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Grain_Standards_Act_of_1916" title="United States Grain Standards Act of 1916">United States Grain Standards Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse_Act_of_1916" title="Warehouse Act of 1916">Warehouse Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Game_Refuges_Act_of_1916" title="Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916">Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1917" title="Flood Control Act of 1917">Flood Control Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%E2%80%93Hughes_Act" title="Smith–Hughes Act">Smith–Hughes Act</a> <ul><li>1917; <a href="/wiki/U.S._Federal_Board_for_Vocational_Education" title="U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education">U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Railroad_Administration" title="United States Railroad Administration">United States Railroad Administration</a> <ul><li>1917; <a href="/wiki/USRA_standard" title="USRA standard">USRA standard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Revenue_Act_of_1917" title="War Revenue Act of 1917">War Revenue Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1918" title="Revenue Act of 1918">Revenue Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_National_Park" title="Acadia National Park">Acadia National Park Act of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Price_Guarantee_Act" title="Wheat Price Guarantee Act">Wheat Price Guarantee Act</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esch%E2%80%93Cummins_Act" title="Esch–Cummins Act">Esch–Cummins Act</a> <ul><li>1920; <a href="/wiki/Railroad_Labor_Board" title="Railroad Labor Board">Railroad Labor Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Act" title="Federal Power Act">Federal Power Act</a> <ul><li>1920; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Commission" title="Federal Power Commission">Federal Power Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Marine_Act_of_1920" title="Merchant Marine Act of 1920">Merchant Marine Act of 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Leasing_Act_of_1920" title="Mineral Leasing Act of 1920">Mineral Leasing Act of 1920</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Presidential_Library" title="Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library">Birthplace and Presidential Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seeley_G._Mudd_Manuscript_Library" title="Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library">papers and manuscripts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Boyhood_Home" title="Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home">Boyhood home in Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Boyhood_Home_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home (Columbia, South Carolina)">Boyhood home in South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Princeton_University#Woodrow_Wilson" title="History of Princeton University">Princeton University president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlakenden" title="Harlakenden">Summer White House (Harlakenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Lawn_(New_Jersey)" title="Shadow Lawn (New Jersey)">Shadow Lawn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_House_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Woodrow Wilson House (Washington, D.C.)">Woodrow Wilson House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral#Burials" title="Washington National Cathedral">Gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Congressional Government</i> (1900)</li> <li><i>When a Man Comes to Himself</i> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Freedom" title="The New Freedom"><i>The New Freedom</i> (1913)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_History_of_Woodrow_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral History of Woodrow Wilson">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election">1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912 U.S. presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916 U.S. presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Woodrow_Wilson" title="List of memorials to Woodrow Wilson">memorials</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Bibliography of Woodrow Wilson">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Awards" title="Woodrow Wilson Awards">Woodrow Wilson Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Foundation" title="Woodrow Wilson Foundation">Woodrow Wilson Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wilson_Quarterly" title="The Wilson Quarterly">The Wilson Quarterly</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Princeton School of Public and International Affairs">Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_High_School_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Woodrow Wilson High School (disambiguation)">High schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy%E2%80%93King_College" title="Kennedy–King College">Woodrow Wilson Junior College</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Woodrow_Wilson_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of Woodrow Wilson (Austin, Texas)">Woodrow Wilson</a></i> (Austin statue)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Square" title="Wilson Square">Wilson Square</a> (Warsaw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Monument" title="Woodrow Wilson Monument">Woodrow Wilson Monument</a> (Prague)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Bridge" title="Woodrow Wilson Bridge">Woodrow Wilson Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_National_Fellowship_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation">Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill">United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_(1944_film)" title="Wilson (1944 film)"><i>Wilson</i></a> (1944 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage_(TV_series)" title="Profiles in Courage (TV series)"><i>Profiles in Courage</i></a> (1965 series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House</a></i> (1979 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_the_Birth_of_the_American_Century" title="Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century">Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century</a></i> (2002 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_(book)" title="Wilson (book)"><i>Wilson</i></a> (2013 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suffs" title="Suffs">Suffs</a></i> (2022 musical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Axson Wilson</a> (wife, 1885–1914, death)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Bolling Wilson</a> (wife, 1915–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Margaret Woodrow Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a> (daughter, acting first lady)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Woodrow_Wilson_Sayre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre">Jessie Wilson Sayre</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Wilson_McAdoo" title="Eleanor Wilson McAdoo">Eleanor Wilson McAdoo</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bowes_Sayre_Jr." title="Francis Bowes Sayre Jr.">Francis Sayre Jr.</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ruggles_Wilson" title="Joseph Ruggles Wilson">Joseph Ruggles Wilson</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(journalist)" title="James Wilson (journalist)">James Wilson</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Woodrow_Bones" title="Helen Woodrow Bones">Helen Woodrow Bones</a> (cousin, secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">William McAdoo</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Literary_and_Debating_Society" title="Jefferson Literary and Debating Society">Jefferson Literary and Debating Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_race" title="Woodrow Wilson and race">Woodrow Wilson and race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">← William Howard Taft</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. 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