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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heshima_na_Tuzo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heshima_na_Tuzo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Heshima na Tuzo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Heshima_na_Tuzo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Heshima na Tuzo subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Heshima_na_Tuzo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nishani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nishani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nishani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nishani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shahada_za_Heshima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shahada_za_Heshima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Shahada za Heshima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shahada_za_Heshima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marejeo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marejeo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Marejeo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marejeo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viungo_vya_nje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Viungo vya nje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Benjamin Mkapa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 43 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 43</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="بنيامين مكابا – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنيامين مكابا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="بنيامين مكابا – Kiarabu cha Misri" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنيامين مكابا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu cha Misri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Бенджамін Мкапа – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бенджамін Мкапа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_William_Mkapa" title="Benjamin William Mkapa – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Benjamin William Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Μπέντζαμιν Μουκάπα – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπέντζαμιν Μουκάπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="بنجامین امکاپا – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنجامین امکاپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE" title="बेंजामिन उम्कापा – Kihindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेंजामिन उम्कापा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Kihindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AB%E3%83%91" title="ベンジャミン・ウィリアム・ムカパ – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベンジャミン・ウィリアム・ムカパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="ბენჯამინ მკაპა – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბენჯამინ მკაპა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A4%EC%A0%80%EB%AF%BC_%EC%9D%8C%EC%B9%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="벤저민 음카파 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벤저민 음카파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kilasembagi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Kilasembagi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kikechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kikechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мкапа, Бенджамин – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мкапа, Бенджамин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Бенџамин Мкапа – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бенџамин Мкапа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AA" title="బెంజమిన్ మకప – Kitelugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బెంజమిన్ మకప" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Kitelugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="เบนจามิน อึมกาปา – Kithai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบนจามิน อึมกาปา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Kithai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Бенджамін Мкапа – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бенджамін Мкапа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa – Kiyoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Benjamin Mkapa" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Kiyoruba" 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style="border-spacing: 1px; padding: 0px 0px;" cellspacing="1px"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="n" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold"><span class="fn">Benjamin Mkapa</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Benjamin_William_Mkapa_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2010_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benjamin Mkapa"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Benjamin_William_Mkapa_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2010_-_1.jpg/225px-Benjamin_William_Mkapa_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2010_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Benjamin_William_Mkapa_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2010_-_1.jpg/338px-Benjamin_William_Mkapa_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2010_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Benjamin_William_Mkapa_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2010_-_1.jpg/450px-Benjamin_William_Mkapa_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2010_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Rais_wa_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Rais wa Tanzania">Rais wa Tanzania</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Muda wa Utawala</b><br />23 Novemba 1995 – 21 Decemba 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Makamu wa Rais </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Juma" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Ali Juma">Omar Ali Juma</a> <small>(1995–2001)</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mohamed_Shein" title="Ali Mohamed Shein">Ali Mohamed Shein</a> <small>(2001-05)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>mtangulizi </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Mwinyi" title="Ali Hassan Mwinyi">Ali Hassan Mwinyi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>aliyemfuata </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Jakaya Kikwete</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">Waziri wa Sayansi, Teknolojia na Elimu ya Juu,</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Muda wa Utawala</b><br />1992 – 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rais </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Mwinyi" title="Ali Hassan Mwinyi">Ali Hassan Mwinyi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">Waziri wa Habari na Utangazaji</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Muda wa Utawala</b><br />1990 – 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rais </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Mwinyi" title="Ali Hassan Mwinyi">Ali Hassan Mwinyi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <th>tarehe ya kuzaliwa </th> <td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1938-11-12</span>)</span>12 Novemba 1938<br />Ndanda, <a href="/wiki/Masasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Masasi">Masasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(nchi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganyika (nchi)">Tanganyika</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>tarehe ya kufa </th> <td>24 Julai 2020<br />Dar es Salaam </td></tr> <tr> <th>utaifa </th> <td>M<a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">tanzania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>chama </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chama_cha_Mapinduzi" title="Chama cha Mapinduzi">CCM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ndoa </th> <td>Anna Mkapa </td></tr> <tr> <th>watoto </th> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>mhitimu wa </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Makerere" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere">Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Columbia" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia">Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_Huria_cha_Tanzania" title="Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania">Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Fani yake </th> <td>mwandishi wa habari, mwanadiplomasia </td></tr> <tr> <th>dini </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukristo" title="Ukristo">Ukristo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kanisa_Katoliki" title="Kanisa Katoliki">Kanisa Katoliki</a>) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:16em; padding: 0px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="vcard navbox-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.25em 0; font-size:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Historia_ya_Tanzania" title="Historia ya Tanzania">Historia ya Tanzania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Tanzania"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/76px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="76" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/114px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/152px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="291" /></a></span><br /><small>This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Jamii:Tanzania" title="Jamii:Tanzania"><b>a series</b></a></small><hr /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0 0.1em 0; font-size:120%; line-height:1.0em; style="text-align:center; background: #EEEEEE;"><a href="/wiki/Uendo_wa_historia_ya_Tanzania" title="Uendo wa historia ya Tanzania">Uendo</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Historia_ya_Zanzibar" title="Historia ya Zanzibar">Historia ya Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Mashariki_1800-1845" title="Afrika Mashariki 1800-1845">Afrika Mashariki 1800-1845</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0 0.1em 0; font-size:120%; line-height:1.0em; style="text-align:center; background: #EEEEEE;"><a href="/wiki/Ukoloni" title="Ukoloni">Ukoloni</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Afrika_ya_Mashariki_ya_Kijerumani" title="Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani">Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mkataba_wa_Zanzibar-Helgoland" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkataba wa Zanzibar-Helgoland">Mkataba wa Zanzibar-Helgoland</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mkwawa" title="Mkwawa">Mkwawa</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vita_vya_Maji_Maji" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita vya Maji Maji">Vita vya Maji Maji</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vita_vikuu_vya_kwanza_Afrika_Mashariki" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita vikuu vya kwanza Afrika Mashariki">Vita vikuu vya kwanza Afrika Mashariki</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika" title="Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mapambano_ya_uhuru_Tanganyika" title="Mapambano ya uhuru Tanganyika">Mapambano ya uhuru Tanganyika</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0 0.1em 0; font-size:120%; line-height:1.0em; style="text-align:center; background: #EEEEEE;"><a href="/wiki/Uhuru" title="Uhuru">Uhuru</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_wa_Tanganyika" title="Uhuru wa Tanganyika">Uhuru wa Tanganyika</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mapinduzi_ya_Zanzibar" title="Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar">Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Muungano_wa_Tanganyika_na_Zanzibar" title="Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar">Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ujamaa" title="Ujamaa">Ujamaa</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tamko_la_Arusha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamko la Arusha">Tamko la Arusha</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vita_vya_Kagera" title="Vita vya Kagera">Vita vya Kagera</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Mwinyi" title="Ali Hassan Mwinyi">Ali Hassan Mwinyi</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Mkapa</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Jakaya Kikwete</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/John_Magufuli" title="John Magufuli">John Magufuli</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:right;"><hr /><b><a href="/wiki/Lango:Tanzania" title="Lango:Tanzania">Tanzania Portal</a></b><br /> <div class="noprint plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Kigezo:History_of_Tanzania" title="Kigezo:History of Tanzania"><span title="Onyesha kizego" style="">o</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano_ya_kigezo:History_of_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majadiliano ya kigezo:History of Tanzania (bado haujaandikwa)"><span title="Majadiliano ya kigezo" style="">m</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kigezo:History_of_Tanzania&action=edit"><span title="Hariri kigezo." style="">h</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Benjamini William Mkapa</b> (<a href="/wiki/12_Novemba" title="12 Novemba">12 Novemba</a> <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> - <a href="/wiki/24_Julai" title="24 Julai">24 Julai</a> <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>) alikuwa <a href="/wiki/Rais" title="Rais">Rais</a> wa awamu ya tatu wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>-<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>) na <a href="/wiki/Mwenyekiti" title="Mwenyekiti">mwenyekiti</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Chama_Cha_Mapinduzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chama Cha Mapinduzi">Chama Cha Mapinduzi</a>, CCM.<sup id="cite_ref-PBS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wasifu">Wasifu</h2></div> <p>Mkapa alizaliwa Lupaso karibu na <a href="/wiki/Masasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Masasi">Masasi</a> katika kusini-mashariki ya <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika" title="Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a>. Kuanzia 1945 hadi 1951 alsoma shule za msingi pale Lupaso na Ndanda. 1952/53 alisoma shule ya seminari ya Kigonsera akaendelea kwenye shule ya sekondari ya <a href="/wiki/Wabenedikto" title="Wabenedikto">watawa Wabenedikto</a> pale Ndanda hadi kumaliza O-level. 1958/59 alimaliza A-levels pale St Farncis, Dar es Salaam (leo hii Pugu Secondary). Alipokelewa kwenye <a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Makerere" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere">Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere</a> alipohitimu 1962. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hatua_za_maisha_ya_kazi[3]"><span id="Hatua_za_maisha_ya_kazi.5B3.5D"></span>Hatua za maisha ya kazi<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3></div> <ul><li>Aprili 1962: Afisa tawala <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" class="mw-disambig" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a></li> <li>Aprili 1962: Mkuu wa Wilaya</li> <li>Agosti 1962: alijiunga na Utumishi wa wizara ya mambo ya nje</li> <li>Mei 1966: Mhariri mkuu, gazeti la Uhuru</li> <li>Aprili 1972: Mhariri mkuu, Daily News</li> <li>Julai 1974: Afisa habari katika Ofisi ya Rais, Dar es Salaam</li> <li>Julai 1976: Mwanzilishi na mhariri mkuu wa Shirika la habari la Tanzania (SHIHATA)</li> <li>Oktoba 1976: Balozi wa Tanzania pale Nigeria</li> <li>Februari 1977: Waziri wa Mambo ya Wje</li> <li>Novemba 1980: Waziri wa Habari na Utamaduni</li> <li>Aprili 1982: Balozi wa Tanzania pale <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li>Februari 1983: Balozi wa Tanzania pale <a href="/wiki/Marekani" title="Marekani">Marekani</a></li> <li>Aprili 1984: Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje</li> <li>1990: Waziri wa Habari na Utangazaji</li> <li>Mei 1992: Waziri wa Sayansi, Teknolojia na Elimu ya Juu</li> <li>Novemba 1995: Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rais_wa_Tanzania">Rais wa Tanzania</h3></div> <p>Katika mwaka wa 1995, Mkapa alichaguliwa rais msingi wake ukiwa kampeni maarufu ya kupambana na ufisadi na kuuungwa mkono kwa nguvu na rais wa zamani <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a> <sup id="cite_ref-AJPS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJPS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Juhudi za Mkapa za kupambana na ufisadi ni pamoja na kuumba jukwaa la wazi lililoitwa Tume ya Rais juu ya Ufisadi (Tume ya Warioba) na kuongeza msaada kwa Afisi ya Kuzuia Ufisadi.<sup id="cite_ref-AJPS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJPS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhula wa pili wa miaka 5 wa Mkapa kama Rais uliisha Desemba 2005. Katika wakati wake ofisini, Mkapa alibinafsisha <a href="/wiki/Kampuni" title="Kampuni">kampuni</a> zilizomilikiwa na <a href="/wiki/Serikali" title="Serikali">serikali</a> akaweka sera za <a href="/wiki/Soko_huria" title="Soko huria">soko huria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aku_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aku-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wafuasi wake walimtetea kuwa kuvutia uwekezaji wa kigeni ungesaidia kukuza <a href="/wiki/Uchumi" title="Uchumi">uchumi</a>. Sera zake zilipata msaada wa <a href="/wiki/Benki_ya_Dunia" title="Benki ya Dunia">Benki ya Dunia</a> na <a href="/wiki/IMF" title="IMF">IMF</a> na kupelekea baadhi ya madeni ya nje ya Tanzania kufutiliwa mbali.<sup id="cite_ref-AJPS_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJPS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amekashifiwa kwa upungufu wa baadhi ya jitihada zake za kupambana na ufisadi <sup id="cite_ref-AJPS_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJPS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vilevile matumizi mabaya ya fedha za umma. Utawala wake ulikuwa na matumizi sana na maposho bila kikomo. Alitumia £ 15 milioni kununua ndege ya binafsi ya kirais, vilevile karibu £ 30 milioni kwa vifaa vya angani vya kijeshi ambavyo wataalamu waliona yalizidi mahitaji machache ya majeshi ya nchi.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ilikuwa juu ya ununuzi huo wa mwisho ndipo katibu wa maendeleo ya kimataifa wa Uingereza wa wakati huo Clare Short alielezea hasira ya umma, na kusababisha yeye kujulikana kama 'Mama Radar' katika <a href="/wiki/Vyombo_vya_habari" title="Vyombo vya habari">vyombo vya habari</a> vya Tanzania. </p><p>Baada ya kutoka ofisini kwa kukamilisha mihula miwili inayoruhusiwa, Mkapa alikumbwa na shutuma nyingi za ufisadi kati yao kujipa mwenyewe na Waziri wake wa zamani wa nishati na madini Daniel Yona "Mgodi wa Makaa ya Mawe wa Kiwira" yenye faida kubwa katika <a href="/wiki/Nyanda_za_Juu_za_Kusini_Tanzania" title="Nyanda za Juu za Kusini Tanzania">Nyanda za juu za kusini</a> mwa Tanzania bila taratibu zifuatazo. Kwa kujibinafsishia <a href="/wiki/Mgodi" title="Mgodi">mgodi</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Makaa_ya_mawe" class="mw-redirect" title="Makaa ya mawe">makaa ya mawe</a> wa Kiwira, alivunja <a href="/wiki/Katiba" title="Katiba">katiba</a> ya Tanzania ambayo haimruhusu rais kufanya <a href="/wiki/Biashara" title="Biashara">biashara</a> yoyote katika <a href="/wiki/Ikulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikulu">ikulu</a><sup title="References are needed for the previous part of the text." class="noprint">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kuonyesha_vyanzo" title="Wikipedia:Kuonyesha vyanzo"><i>onesha uthibitisho</i></a>]</sup>. </p><p>Aliteuliwa katika Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Chuo cha Aga Khan mwezi Novemba 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-aku_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aku-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heshima_na_Tuzo">Heshima na Tuzo</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nishani">Nishani</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Nishani </th> <th>Nchi </th> <th>Mwaka </th> <th>Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td width="80px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nishani ya Moyo wa Dhahabu wa Kenya (Chifu) </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera ya Kenya"><img alt="Bendera ya Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td align="center">2005 </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="80px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Order_of_Mwalimu_Julius_Kambarage_Nyerere_(Tanzania)_-_ribbon_bar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Order_of_Mwalimu_Julius_Kambarage_Nyerere_%28Tanzania%29_-_ribbon_bar.png/80px-Order_of_Mwalimu_Julius_Kambarage_Nyerere_%28Tanzania%29_-_ribbon_bar.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Order_of_Mwalimu_Julius_Kambarage_Nyerere_%28Tanzania%29_-_ribbon_bar.png/120px-Order_of_Mwalimu_Julius_Kambarage_Nyerere_%28Tanzania%29_-_ribbon_bar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Order_of_Mwalimu_Julius_Kambarage_Nyerere_%28Tanzania%29_-_ribbon_bar.png/160px-Order_of_Mwalimu_Julius_Kambarage_Nyerere_%28Tanzania%29_-_ribbon_bar.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nishani ya Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera ya Tanzania"><img alt="Bendera ya Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td align="center">2011 </td> <td align="center"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mnamo Desemba 7, 2019, alitunukiwa Nishani ya Heshima ikiwa ni kuthamini mchango wake katika kuanzisha vyuo vikuu binafsi, hivyo kukifanya <a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Iringa_(UoI)" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Iringa (UoI)">Chuo Kikuu cha Iringa</a> kuwa chuo kikuu cha kwanza binafsi nchini Tanzania wakati wa utawala wake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shahada_za_Heshima">Shahada za Heshima</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Chuo Kikuu</th> <th>Nchi</th> <th>Shahada ya Uzamivu</th> <th>Mwaka</th> <th>Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td>Chuo Kikuu cha Sōka</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera ya Japani"><img alt="Bendera ya Japani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Japani" title="Japani">Japan</a></td> <td>Shahada ya Heshima</td> <td align="center">1998</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-RI_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chuo cha Morehouse</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Marekani" title="Marekani">Marekani</a></td> <td>Shahada ya Heshima</td> <td align="center">1999</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-RI_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_Huria_cha_Tanzania" title="Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania">Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera ya Tanzania"><img alt="Bendera ya Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td>Shahada ya Heshima</td> <td align="center">2003</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-RI_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chuo Kikuu ya Kitaifa cha Lesotho</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Lesotho.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera ya Lesotho"><img alt="Bendera ya Lesotho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></td> <td>Daktari wa Sheria</td> <td align="center">2005</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-RI_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Kenyatta" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta">Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera ya Kenya"><img alt="Bendera ya Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td> <td>Daktari wa Elimu</td> <td align="center">2005</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Dar_es_Salaam" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam">Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera ya Tanzania"><img alt="Bendera ya Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td>Shahada ya Heshima</td> <td align="center">2005</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-RI_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chuo Kikuu cha Nyukasal</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ufalme_wa_Muungano" title="Ufalme wa Muungano">Ufalme wa Muungano</a></td> <td>Daktari wa Sheria ya Kiraia</td> <td align="center">2007</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chuo Kikuu cha Rasi ya Pwani (Cape Coast)</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Ghana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera ya Ghana"><img alt="Bendera ya Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td>Daktari wa Barua</td> <td align="center">2008</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Makerere" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere">Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere</a><br /></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Uganda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera ya Uganda"><img alt="Bendera ya Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></td> <td>Daktari wa Sheria</td> <td align="center">2009</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marejeo">Marejeo</h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PBS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PBS_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/prof_benjaminmkapa.html">"Benjamin Mkapa",</a> Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2001, <a href="/w/index.php?title=WGBH_(FM)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WGBH (FM) (bado haujaandikwa)">WGBH (FM)</a>, pbs.org, ilitolewa 19-Oktoba-2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1346650">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090106024730/http://dsctanzania.org/mkapa.html">"Benjamin Mkapa,"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsctanzania.org/mkapa.html">chanzo</a> mnamo 2009-01-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2010-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Benjamin+Mkapa%2C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdsctanzania.org%2Fmkapa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mkapa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090106024730/http://dsctanzania.org/mkapa.html">ABOUT President of Tanzania BENJAMIN WILLIAM MKAPA</a>, tovuti ya dsctanzia.org ya 2004, sehemu ya tovuti ya Delray Beach Sister Cities' programme, ilivyohifadhiwa kwenye archive.org, kuangaliwa Agosti 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJPS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AJPS_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AJPS_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AJPS_4-2">4.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AJPS_4-3">4.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> Bruce Heilman na Laurean Ndumbaro, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/political%20science/volume7n1/ajps007001002.pdf">"Corruption, Politics and Societal Values in Tanzania: An Evaluation of the Mkapa Administration's Anti-Corruption Efforts",</a> Afr. J. polit. sd. (2002), Toleo 1 Nambari 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aku-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-aku_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-aku_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aku.edu.pk/university/bot/bwm.shtml">"Mheshimiwa Benjamin William Mkapa",</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20110903143820/http://www.aku.edu.pk/university/bot/bwm.shtml">Archived</a> 3 Septemba 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bodi ya Wadhamini, Chuo cha AKU, ilitolewa 19-10-2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Gideoni Burrows, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/200309080010">"We sell arms to Saddam's friends",</a> <i>New Statesman,</i> 8 Septemba 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panapress.com/Mkapa-lauds-Kenya-s-democratic-posture--13-574735-17-lang1-index.html">"Mkapa lauds Kenya's democratic posture"</a>. panapress.com. 12 Oktoba 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">26 Septemba</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mkapa+lauds+Kenya%27s+democratic+posture&rft.pub=panapress.com&rft.date=2005-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panapress.com%2FMkapa-lauds-Kenya-s-democratic-posture--13-574735-17-lang1-index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mkapa" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Msaada:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Msaada:CS1 errors (bado haujaandikwa)">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (bado haujaandikwa)">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RI-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RI_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RI_8-1">8.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RI_8-2">8.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RI_8-3">8.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RI_8-4">8.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130625105127/http://www.rotary9200.org/downloads/districtconference/83rd%20D9200%20Conference%20Report%20-%20%20Final.pdf">"83RD Annual District Conference & Assembly"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (kwa Kiingereza). Page 10, Rotary International District 9200. 17 Mei 2008. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rotary9200.org/downloads/districtconference/83rd%20D9200%20Conference%20Report%20-%20%20Final.pdf">chanzo</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF (bado haujaandikwa)">PDF</a>)</span> mnamo 2013-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">26 Septemba</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=83RD+Annual+District+Conference+%26+Assembly&rft.pub=Page+10%2C+Rotary+International+District+9200&rft.date=2008-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rotary9200.org%2Fdownloads%2Fdistrictconference%2F83rd%2520D9200%2520Conference%2520Report%2520-%2520%2520Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mkapa" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (bado haujaandikwa)">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130930104753/http://www.ku.ac.ke/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=39">"Prominent Alumni"</a> (kwa Kiingereza). <a href="/wiki/Kenyatta_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyatta University">Kenyatta University</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ku.ac.ke/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=39">chanzo</a> mnamo 2013-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">26 Septemba</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prominent+Alumni&rft.pub=Kenyatta+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ku.ac.ke%2Falumni%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D28%26Itemid%3D39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mkapa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531053328/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/congregations/assets/documents/BenjaminMkapa.pdf">"Citation: Benjamin William Mkapa DCL"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (kwa Kiingereza). Newcastle University. 2007. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncl.ac.uk/congregations/assets/documents/BenjaminMkapa.pdf">chanzo</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF (bado haujaandikwa)">PDF</a>)</span> mnamo 2013-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">26 Septemba</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Citation%3A+Benjamin+William+Mkapa+DCL&rft.pub=Newcastle+University&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncl.ac.uk%2Fcongregations%2Fassets%2Fdocuments%2FBenjaminMkapa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mkapa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernghana.com/news/189929/1/ucc-honours-former-tanzanian-leader.html">"UCC honours former Tanzanian leader"</a>. <i>modernghana.com</i> (kwa Kiingereza)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">26 Septemba</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=modernghana.com&rft.atitle=UCC+honours+former+Tanzanian+leader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernghana.com%2Fnews%2F189929%2F1%2Fucc-honours-former-tanzanian-leader.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mkapa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.mak.ac.ug/2009/12/he-benjamin-mkapa-receives-makerere-honorary-phd">"H.E. Benjamin Mkapa receives Makerere Honorary PhD"</a> (kwa Kiingereza). <a href="/wiki/Makerere_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Makerere University">Makerere University</a>. 27 Novemba 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">26 Septemba</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H.E.+Benjamin+Mkapa+receives+Makerere+Honorary+PhD&rft.pub=Makerere+University&rft.date=2009-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.mak.ac.ug%2F2009%2F12%2Fhe-benjamin-mkapa-receives-makerere-honorary-phd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mkapa" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (bado haujaandikwa)">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viungo_vya_nje">Viungo vya nje</h2></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/50px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/75px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/100px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikiquote" class="extiw" title="en:Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> ina mkusanyiko wa dondoo kuhusu:<div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Benjamin Mkapa">Benjamin Mkapa</a></b></i> </div></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/int_benjaminmkapa.html">2001 mahojiano na <i>Public Broadcasting Station</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/dec2001/tanz-d29.shtml">"Serikali ya Uingereza yagawanyika juu ya mfumo wa radar wa Tanzania"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ippmedia.com/ipp/guardian/2007/02/01/83504.html">"Blair ashtumiwa juu ya mpango wa rada wa Tanzania"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/2044206.stm">"Mpango wa rada wa Tanzania "upotezaji wa fedha"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisday.co.tz/News/2497.html">"Umiliki wa mradi wa nguvu ya makaa ya mawe ya Kiwira : Uhusiano wa Mkapa-Yona"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20071229232908/http://www.thisday.co.tz/News/2497.html">Archived</a> 29 Desemba 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/rais-mstaafu-benjamin-mkapa-kutunukiwa-nishani-ya-heshima-kwa-kuanzisha-vyuo-vikuu-binafsi-nchini-wakati-wa-utawala-wake.1661870/">"Rais mstaafu Benjamin Mkapa Kutunukiwa Nishani ya Heshima kwa Kuanzisha Vyuo Vikuu Binafsi Nchini Wakati wa Utawala Wake.1661870/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commissionforafrica.org/english/commissioners/bios/mkapa.html">Benjamin Mkapa bio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20090709104055/http://www.commissionforafrica.org/english/commissioners/bios/mkapa.html">Archived</a> 9 Julai 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. katika Tume ya Afrika</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Alitanguliwa na<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Mwinyi" title="Ali Hassan Mwinyi">Ali Hassan Mwinyi</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_Marais_wa_Tanzania" title="Orodha ya Marais wa Tanzania">Rais wa Tanzania</a></b><br />1995-2005 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Akafuatiwa na<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Jakaya Kikwete</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Marais_wa_Tanzania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Marais_wa_Tanzania" title="Kigezo:Marais wa Tanzania"><span title="Onyesha kizego" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;">v</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_kigezo:Marais_wa_Tanzania" title="Majadiliano ya kigezo:Marais wa Tanzania"><span title="Majadiliano ya kigezo" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;">d</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kigezo:Marais_wa_Tanzania&action=edit"><span title="Hariri kigezo" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;">e</span></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marais_wa_Tanzania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_Marais_wa_Tanzania" title="Orodha ya Marais wa Tanzania">Marais</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_the_President_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_President_of_Tanzania.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_President_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_President_of_Tanzania.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Mwinyi" title="Ali Hassan Mwinyi">Ali Hassan Mwinyi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Mkapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Jakaya Kikwete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Magufuli" title="John Magufuli">John Magufuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table style="font-size:90%; width: 65%; padding: 3px; margin: 0 auto;" class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Crystal_personal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/30px-Crystal_personal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/45px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/60px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="70" /></a></span> </td> <td>Makala hii kuhusu mwanasiasa fulani bado ni <b>mbegu</b>. <br /> Je, unajua kitu kuhusu <b>Benjamin Mkapa</b> kama wasifu wake, habari za maisha au kazi yake? <br />Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? <br />Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa <a class="external text" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?stub&title=Benjamin_Mkapa&action=edit">kuihariri na kuongeza habari</a><i>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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