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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French publisher (1911–1990)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Georges Dargaud</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dargaud_(1988)_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Dargaud_%281988%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Dargaud in 1988</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1911-04-27</span>)</span>27 April 1911<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 July 1990<span style="display:none">(1990-07-18)</span> (aged 79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Comics publisher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dargaud" title="Dargaud">Dargaud</a>, publisher of <a href="/wiki/Tintin_(magazine)" title="Tintin (magazine)"><i>Tintin</i> magazine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Asterix" title="Asterix">Asterix</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luke" title="Lucky Luke">Lucky Luke</a></i> comics</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Georges Dargaud</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[daʁɡo]</a></span>; 27 April 1911 – 18 July 1990) was a French publisher of comics, most famously <a href="/wiki/Tintin_(magazine)" title="Tintin (magazine)"><i>Tintin</i> magazine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Asterix" title="Asterix">Asterix</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luke" title="Lucky Luke">Lucky Luke</a></i>, through his <a href="/wiki/Dargaud" title="Dargaud">Dargaud</a> company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Dargaud&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dargaud started out working as a broker for an advertising agency. In April 1936, he and his wife, Irène, founded <a href="/wiki/Dargaud_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Dargaud S.A.">Dargaud S.A.</a> The publishing company focused on corporate communications and family magazines. In 1943, Dargaud began publishing comics, starting with <i>Allo les jeunes</i>. Two years later, he published comic albums of <i>Bob et Bobette</i> by Loys Pétillot (not to be confused with the French version of <a href="/wiki/Willy_Vandersteen" title="Willy Vandersteen">Willy Vandersteen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Spike_and_Suzy" title="Spike and Suzy">Suske en Wiske</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drouot_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drouot-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, Dargaud was approached by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Leblanc" title="Raymond Leblanc">Raymond Leblanc</a>, the publisher of Belgian comic magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_(magazine)" title="Tintin (magazine)">Journal de Tintin</a></i>. Leblanc had previously contacted numerous French publishers, all of whom had refused to publish <i>Tintin</i> on the grounds the eponymous comic's creator, <a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9" title="Hergé">Hergé</a>, had been accused of being a Nazi collaborator for drawing <i>Tintin</i> for a Nazi-controlled newspaper during World War II. Dargaud ignored the anti-Hergé rumors. In October 1948, in partnership with Éditions du Lombard, he became the French publisher of <i>Journal de Tintin</i>, which he continued to print for 27 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Assouline2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Assouline2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1960, Dargaud purchased the <i><a href="/wiki/Pilote" title="Pilote">Pilote</a></i> weekly comic magazine, which had been established the previous year by the Édifrance/Édipresse syndicate founded by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goscinny" title="René Goscinny">René Goscinny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Uderzo" title="Albert Uderzo">Albert Uderzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Charlier" title="Jean-Michel Charlier">Jean-Michel Charlier</a> and Jean Hebrad.<sup id="cite_ref-Hahn2015_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hahn2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the magazine was successful, its funders had pulled out because of financial difficulties, resulting in Dargaud buying it for what was later described as "pour un franc symbolique" ("for pennies").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine introduced <i>Asterix</i> and later featured <i>Lucky Luke</i> (which transferred from <i><a href="/wiki/Spirou_(magazine)" title="Spirou (magazine)">Spirou</a></i> in 1967). The <i>Asterix</i> comic albums became best-sellers for Dargaud.<sup id="cite_ref-Booker2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Booker2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dargaud produced the first <i>Asterix</i> film, <i><a href="/wiki/Asterix_the_Gaul_(film)" title="Asterix the Gaul (film)">Asterix the Gaul</a></i>, in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Booker2014_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Booker2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, he produced <i><a href="/wiki/The_12_Tasks_of_Asterix" class="mw-redirect" title="The 12 Tasks of Asterix">The 12 Tasks of Asterix</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Booker2014_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Booker2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dargaud's relationship with Goscinny and Uderzo had become strained by the 1970s. When Goscinny died of a heart attack in 1977, the 24th <i>Asterix</i> book, <i><a href="/wiki/Asterix_in_Belgium" title="Asterix in Belgium">Asterix in Belgium</a></i>, had been written but not fully illustrated. Uderzo was unwilling to complete the book, so Dargaud took him to court to force him to finish the book. The court eventually ruled for Uderzo, but by that time the book had already been published. Uderzo later said that if he were to caricature Dargaud in an <i>Asterix</i> book, he would depict him as a <a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">vampire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to children’s comics, Dargaud also published adult-oriented comics. Dargaud in 1982 bought publishing firm Les Éditions du Square and its comic <i>Charlie Mensuel</i>, which was merged with <i>Pilote</i> in 1986 under the name <i>Pilote et Charlie</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller2007_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988 the name was changed back to <i>Pilote</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1989, Dargaud sold his publishing house to <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dia-Participations" title="Média-Participations">Média-Participations</a>, a conservative Christian firm.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller2007_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dargaud died on 18 July 1990 at the age of 79. </p><p>In February 2006, his daughter auctioned his collection of comics through auction house Lasseron & Associés.<sup id="cite_ref-Drouot_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drouot-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Dargaud&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bd.krinein.com/dargaud/">"Dargaud"</a>. <i>Krinein.com</i>. Krinein.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Krinein.com&rft.atitle=Dargaud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbd.krinein.com%2Fdargaud%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Dargaud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drouot-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drouot_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drouot_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drouot.com/static/drouot_annonce_detail.html?idActu=6809">"DISPERSION DE LA COLLECTION DE BANDES DESSINEES DE GEORGES DARGAUD"</a>. <i>Drouot</i>. Drouot<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drouot&rft.atitle=DISPERSION+DE+LA+COLLECTION+DE+BANDES+DESSINEES+DE+GEORGES+DARGAUD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drouot.com%2Fstatic%2Fdrouot_annonce_detail.html%3FidActu%3D6809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Dargaud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Assouline2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Assouline2009_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_Assouline2009" class="citation book cs1">Pierre Assouline (29 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YsyEMjvdYJgC&pg=PA131"><i>Herge: The Man Who Created Tintin</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 131–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539759-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539759-8"><bdi>978-0-19-539759-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herge%3A+The+Man+Who+Created+Tintin&rft.pages=131-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-10-29&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539759-8&rft.au=Pierre+Assouline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYsyEMjvdYJgC%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Dargaud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hahn2015-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hahn2015_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Hahn2015" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Hahn (26 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dt_XCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT670"><i>The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 670–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-105726-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-105726-7"><bdi>978-0-19-105726-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Children%27s+Literature&rft.pages=670-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft.isbn=978-0-19-105726-7&rft.au=Daniel+Hahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDt_XCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Dargaud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindon2013" class="citation news cs1">Lindon, Mathieu (15 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://next.liberation.fr/livres/2013/10/15/et-uderzo-tira-un-trait-sur-la-qualite_939795">"Et Uderzo tira un trait sur la qualité"</a>. Libération<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Et+Uderzo+tira+un+trait+sur+la+qualit%C3%A9&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft.aulast=Lindon&rft.aufirst=Mathieu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnext.liberation.fr%2Flivres%2F2013%2F10%2F15%2Fet-uderzo-tira-un-trait-sur-la-qualite_939795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Dargaud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Booker2014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Booker2014_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Booker2014_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Booker2014_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Keith_Booker2014" class="citation book cs1">M. Keith Booker (28 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hnuQBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA461"><i>Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas [4 volumes]: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 461–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39751-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39751-6"><bdi>978-0-313-39751-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comics+through+Time%3A+A+History+of+Icons%2C+Idols%2C+and+Ideas+%26%2391%3B4+volumes%26%2393%3B%3A+A+History+of+Icons%2C+Idols%2C+and+Ideas&rft.pages=461-&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014-10-28&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39751-6&rft.au=M.+Keith+Booker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhnuQBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Dargaud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKessler1995" class="citation book cs1">Kessler, Peter (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DvoqvgAACAAJ"><i>The Complete Guide to Asterix</i></a>. Hodder Children's Books. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780340653463" title="Special:BookSources/9780340653463"><bdi>9780340653463</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Asterix&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Hodder+Children%27s+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780340653463&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDvoqvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Dargaud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller2007-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller2007_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller2007_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnn_Miller2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Miller_(comics_scholar)" title="Ann Miller (comics scholar)">Ann Miller</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f5KY_CdALWkC&pg=PA34"><i>Reading Bande Dessinée: Critical Approaches to French-language Comic Strip</i></a>. Intellect Books. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-177-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-177-2"><bdi>978-1-84150-177-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Bande+Dessin%C3%A9e%3A+Critical+Approaches+to+French-language+Comic+Strip&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Intellect+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84150-177-2&rft.au=Ann+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df5KY_CdALWkC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Dargaud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lambiek.net/magazines/pilote.htm">"Comics History Pilote (1959–1989)"</a>. <i>Lambiek Comiclopedia</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lambiek+Comiclopedia&rft.atitle=Comics+History+Pilote+%281959%26ndash%3B1989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lambiek.net%2Fmagazines%2Fpilote.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Dargaud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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