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Alexandre Herculano – Wikipedia

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Tillgänglig på 23 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandri_Herkulanu" title="Aleksandri Herkulanu – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aleksandri Herkulanu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="الکساندر هرکولانو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکساندر هرکولانو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Алешандре Еркулану – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алешандре Еркулану" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95" title="אלשנדרה הרקולנו – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלשנדרה הרקולנו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Herculanus" title="Alexander Herculanus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander Herculanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano_de_Carvalho_e_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="اليكساندر هيركولانو – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليكساندر هيركولانو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Эркулану, Алешандре – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эркулану, Алешандре" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alexandre Herculano" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Алешандре Еркулану – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алешандре Еркулану" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q520688#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Alexandre_Herculano&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Herculano&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Herculano&amp;action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Herculano&amp;action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Alexandre_Herculano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Alexandre_Herculano.jpg/250px-Alexandre_Herculano.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Alexandre_Herculano.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Alexandre Herculano.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo</b>, född den <a href="/wiki/28_mars" title="28 mars">28 mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabon</a> , död den <a href="/wiki/13_september" title="13 september">13 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a> i Quinta de Vale de Lobo, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Az%C3%B3ia_de_Baixo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Azóia de Baixo [inte skriven än]">Azóia de Baixo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m,_Portugal" title="Santarém, Portugal">Santarém</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">portugisisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Skald" class="mw-redirect" title="Skald">skald</a> och <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4vdatecknare" class="mw-redirect" title="Hävdatecknare">hävdatecknare</a>. </p><p>Herculano invecklades i de politiska striderna och måste söka sin tillflykt till <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> och <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>, där han studerade i synnerhet de moderna språken och deras litteratur. Han återvände så till Portugal och deltog i striden mot <a href="/wiki/Dom_Miguel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom Miguel">dom Miguel</a>; därpå utgav han 1837–43 litteraturbladet "Panorama", där han vid sidan av <a href="/wiki/Almeida-Garrett" class="mw-redirect" title="Almeida-Garrett">Almeida-Garrett</a> införde <a href="/wiki/Nyromantiken" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyromantiken">nyromantiken</a> i dess nationella form. </p><p>Ett ofantligt uppseende väckte hans <i>A voz do propheta</i> (1836, <i>Profetens röst</i>), politisk-religiösa dikter i <a href="/wiki/Lamennais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamennais">Lamennais</a> stil, vilka andas en innerlig kärlek till det av revolutionen då upprörda hemlandet, men som i dystra färger målar dess framtid. </p><p>Sedan följde <i>A harpa do crente</i> (1838, <i>Den troendes harpa</i>), en samling <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5nger" class="mw-redirect" title="Sånger">sånger</a>, vilka för tanken till <a href="/wiki/Lamartine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamartine">Lamartine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chateaubriand" class="mw-redirect" title="Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a> och <a href="/wiki/Klopstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Klopstock">Klopstock</a>. Han skrev även förtjänstfulla <a href="/wiki/Romaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Romaner">romaner</a> (<i>Eurico, o presbytero</i>, <i>O monge de Cister</i>, <i>O bobo</i>, sammanförda under titeln <i>O Monasticon</i>, 1844–48), vilka har något av <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scotts</a> historiska anda och <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugos</a> fantasifulla romantik. </p><p>Sitt största rykte vann Herculano som historisk skriftställare. I sin <i>Historia da Portugal</i> (1845–52), vilken – liksom <i>Da origem e estabelecimento da inquisição</i> (1854–59) – utmärker sig för tankedjup, lärdom, varm fosterlandskärlek och ett fulländat framställningssätt, visar han sig vara fri från den i Portugal förut härskande naiva och okritiska historiska uppfattningen. </p><p>Herculano valdes flera gånger till folkrepresentant. En tid tjänstgjorde han som kunglig bibliotekarie. Som medlem av portugisiska vetenskapsakademien ledde Herculano utgivningen av "Portugaliæ monumenta historica". Samlade föreligger Herculanos verk i <i>Poesias</i> (1850, många upplagor), <i>Estudos sobre o casamento civil</i> (1866), <i>Questões publicas</i> (1873), <i>Estudos historicos</i> (1876) och <i>Opusculos</i> (8 band, 1873–1901). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r48798946">.mw-parser-output .ccbox{clear:right;float:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:21.5em;border-spacing:0;border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:3px;background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 .5em 0 0;font-size:90%;color:black;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .clogo{float:left;margin:.4em .7em .5em .6em}</style><div class="metadata ccbox"><span class="clogo"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></span>Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexandre_Herculano" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alexandre Herculano">Alexandre Herculano</a>.</div><div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexandre_Herculano" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alexandre Herculano">Bilder &amp; media</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Herculano&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Herculano&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbk/0267.html">Herculano de Carvalho e Araujo, Alexandro</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1909)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox navbox-thlinkcolor" style="border-spacing:0; 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av Caspar David Friedrich." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Kreuz_an_der_Ostsee_%28Schloss_Carlottenburg%2C_Neuer_Pavillon%29.jpg/120px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Kreuz_an_der_Ostsee_%28Schloss_Carlottenburg%2C_Neuer_Pavillon%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Kreuz_an_der_Ostsee_%28Schloss_Carlottenburg%2C_Neuer_Pavillon%29.jpg/180px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Kreuz_an_der_Ostsee_%28Schloss_Carlottenburg%2C_Neuer_Pavillon%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Kreuz_an_der_Ostsee_%28Schloss_Carlottenburg%2C_Neuer_Pavillon%29.jpg/240px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Kreuz_an_der_Ostsee_%28Schloss_Carlottenburg%2C_Neuer_Pavillon%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2296" data-file-height="3294" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault_-_Evening,_Landscape_with_an_Aqueduct.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="&quot;Le Soir, paysage avec un aqueduc&quot; av Théodore Géricault."><img alt="&quot;Le Soir, paysage avec un aqueduc&quot; av Théodore Géricault." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault_-_Evening%2C_Landscape_with_an_Aqueduct.jpg/120px-Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault_-_Evening%2C_Landscape_with_an_Aqueduct.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault_-_Evening%2C_Landscape_with_an_Aqueduct.jpg/180px-Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault_-_Evening%2C_Landscape_with_an_Aqueduct.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault_-_Evening%2C_Landscape_with_an_Aqueduct.jpg/240px-Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault_-_Evening%2C_Landscape_with_an_Aqueduct.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4830" data-file-height="5496" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;"><a href="/wiki/Romantikens_litteratur" title="Romantikens litteratur"><span style="color: white">Författare</span></a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Frankrike</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Bertrand" title="Aloysius Bertrand">Bertrand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas_den_%C3%A4ldre" title="Alexandre Dumas den äldre">Dumas</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Gautier</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Hugo</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Mérimée</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Musset</a> · <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Nerval</a> · <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nodier" title="Charles Nodier">Nodier</a> · <a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Norden</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jonas_Love_Almqvist" title="Carl Jonas Love Almqvist">Almqvist</a> · <a href="/wiki/H.C._Andersen" title="H.C. Andersen">Andersen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Per_Daniel_Amadeus_Atterbom" title="Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom">Atterbom</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Frederik_Severin_Grundtvig" title="Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Heidenstam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adam_Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger" title="Adam Oehlenschläger">Oehlenschläger</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erik_Johan_Stagnelius" title="Erik Johan Stagnelius">Stagnelius</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Henrik_Wergeland" title="Henrik Wergeland">Wergeland</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Ryssland</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nikoloz_Baratasjvili" title="Nikoloz Baratasjvili">Baratasjvili</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jevgenij_Baratynskij" title="Jevgenij Baratynskij">Baratynskij</a> · <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Batiusjkov" title="Konstantin Batiusjkov">Batiusjkov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Karamzin" title="Nikolaj Karamzin">Karamzin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Michail_Lermontov" title="Michail Lermontov">Lermontov</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Fjodor_Tiuttjev" title="Fjodor Tiuttjev">Tiuttjev</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tjavtjavadze" title="Alexander Tjavtjavadze">Tjavtjavadze</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Vjazemskij" title="Pjotr Vjazemskij">Vjazemskij</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vasilij_Zjukovskij" title="Vasilij Zjukovskij">Zjukovskij</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Storbritannien</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Laetitia_Barbauld" title="Anna Laetitia Barbauld">Barbauld</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a> · <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a> · <a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">Clare</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Quincey" title="Thomas de Quincey">de Quincey</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/John_Polidori" title="John Polidori">Polidori</a> · <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">M. Shelley</a> · <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">P.B. Shelley</a> · <a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Southey</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Tyskland</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">A. v. Arnim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">B. v. Arnim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Brentano</a> · <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph von Eichendorff">Eichendorff</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_de_la_Motte_Fouqu%C3%A9" title="Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué">Fouqué</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B6derna_Grimm" title="Bröderna Grimm">Bröderna Grimm</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Karl_Gutzkow" title="Karl Gutzkow">Gutzkow</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hauff" title="Wilhelm Hauff">Hauff</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heine</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/E.T.A._Hoffmann" title="E.T.A. Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Kleist</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Mörike</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Schwab" title="Gustav Schwab">Schwab</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Uhland</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">USA</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">Bryant</a> · <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">Cooper</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Longfellow</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Poe</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chatjatur_Abovjan" title="Chatjatur Abovjan">Abovjan</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Alencar" title="José de Alencar">Alencar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Alfieri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Machado_de_Assis" title="Machado de Assis">Assis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adolfo_B%C3%A9cquer" title="Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer">Bécquer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Christo_Botev" title="Christo Botev">Botev</a> · <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Branco</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Eminescu</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Espronceda" title="José de Espronceda">Espronceda</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Foscolo</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Naim_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Naim Frashëri">Frashëri</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro">Fredro</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett" title="Almeida Garrett">Garrett</a> ·&#160;<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Herculano</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura_Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Đura Jakšić">Jakšić</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski" title="Zygmunt Krasiński">Krasiński</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Lenau</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Leopardi</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha" title="Karel Hynek Mácha">Mácha</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Manzoni</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Mickiewicz</a> · <a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Njegoš</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cyprian_Kamil_Norwid" title="Cyprian Kamil Norwid">Norwid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jan_Potocki" title="Jan Potocki">Potocki</a> · <a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">Prešeren</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3:e_hertig_av_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3:e hertig av Rivas">Saavedra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taras_Sjevtjenko" title="Taras Sjevtjenko">Sjevtjenko</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Słowacki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6smarty" title="Mihály Vörösmarty">Vörösmarty</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla_y_Moral" title="José Zorrilla y Moral">Zorrilla</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;"><a href="/wiki/Romantikens_musik" title="Romantikens musik"><span style="color: white">Musiker</span></a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Frankrike</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Adam" title="Adolphe Adam">Adam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Fauré</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jacques_Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Jacques Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_Onslow_(komposit%C3%B6r)" title="George Onslow (kompositör)">Onslow</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Italien</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Busoni</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gioacchino_Rossini" title="Gioacchino Rossini">Rossini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Ryssland</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Medtner" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Medtner">Medtner</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Modest_Musorgskij" title="Modest Musorgskij">Musorgskij</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Rimskij-Korsakov" title="Nikolaj Rimskij-Korsakov">Rimskij-Korsakov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Skrjabin" title="Aleksandr Skrjabin">Skrjabin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Tjajkovskij" title="Pjotr Tjajkovskij">Tjajkovskij</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Tyskland</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> · <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Bruch</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Fanny_Hensel" title="Fanny Hensel">Hensel</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a> · <a href="/wiki/Carl_Loewe" title="Carl Loewe">Loewe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Mendelssohn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moszkowski</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">C. Schumann</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">R. Schumann</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a> · <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a> · <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a> · <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Österrike</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a> · <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Thalberg" title="Sigismund Thalberg">Thalberg</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf" title="Hugo Wolf">Wolf</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">Bennett</a> · <a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a> · <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/John_Field" title="John Field">Field</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Grieg</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joachim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Paderewski" title="Ignaz Paderewski">Paderewski</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Sor</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;"><a href="/wiki/Romantikens_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantikens filosofi"><span style="color: white">Filosofer</span></a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vissarion_Belinskij" title="Vissarion Belinskij">Belinskij</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Jacob_Bostr%C3%B6m" title="Christopher Jacob Boström">Boström</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Chomjakov" title="Aleksej Chomjakov">Chomjakov</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Frederik_Severin_Grundtvig" title="Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Hazlitt" title="William Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Leigh_Hunt" title="Leigh Hunt">Hunt</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Hughes_Felicit%C3%A9_Robert_de_Lamennais" title="Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais">Lamennais</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jules_Michelet" title="Jules Michelet">Michelet</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller_von_Nitterdorf" title="Adam Müller von Nitterdorf">Nitterdorf</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Quinet</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">A. Schlegel</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">F. Schlegel</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Schleiermacher</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Tjaadajev" title="Pjotr Tjaadajev">Tjaadajev</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Wackenroder" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder">Wackenroder</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;"><a href="/wiki/Romantikens_konst" title="Romantikens konst"><span style="color: white">Konstnärer</span></a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ajvazovskij" title="Ivan Ajvazovskij">Ajvazovskij</a> · <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Bierstadt</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a> · <a href="/wiki/Richard_Parkes_Bonington" title="Richard Parkes Bonington">Bonington</a> · <a href="/wiki/Karl_Brjullov" title="Karl Brjullov">Brjullov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Chass%C3%A9riau" title="Théodore Chassériau">Chassériau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Edwin_Church" title="Frederic Edwin Church">Church</a> · <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">Constable</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole" title="Thomas Cole">Cole</a> · <a href="/wiki/Camille_Corot" title="Camille Corot">Corot</a> · <a href="/wiki/Johan_Christian_Dahl" title="Johan Christian Dahl">Dahl</a> · <a href="/wiki/David_d%27Angers" title="David d&#39;Angers">David</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a> · <a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Friedrich</a> · <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_F%C3%BCssli" title="Johann Heinrich Füssli">Füssli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Géricault</a> · <a href="/wiki/Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson" title="Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson">Girodet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya">Goya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Gude</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Hayez</a> · <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anton_Koch" title="Joseph Anton Koch">Koch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Leutze</a> · <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Palmer" title="Samuel Palmer">Palmer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rude" title="François Rude">Rude</a> · <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Otto_Runge" title="Philipp Otto Runge">Runge</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ary_Scheffer" title="Ary Scheffer">Scheffer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Tidemand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vasilij_Tropinin" title="Vasilij Tropinin">Tropinin</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Turner" title="William Turner">Turner</a> · <a 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