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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hokkien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Hokkien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hokkien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tibetan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tibetan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Tibetan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tibetan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Ethiopic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Franco-Provençal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franco-Provençal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Franco-Provençal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franco-Provençal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>French</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Korean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occitan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occitan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Occitan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occitan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_Irish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Irish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Old Irish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Irish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Runes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Runes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Runes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Runes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_mathematics_and_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_mathematics_and_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In mathematics and science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_mathematics_and_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_middot_as_a_letter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_middot_as_a_letter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The middot as a letter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_middot_as_a_letter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Similar symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interpunct</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntu_mediu_(escritura)" title="Puntu mediu (escritura) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Puntu mediu (escritura)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-kan-ti%C3%A1m" title="Tiong-kan-tiám – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-kan-tiám" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poent_kreiz" title="Poent kreiz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Poent kreiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punt_volat" title="Punt volat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Punt volat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelpunkt_(Schriftzeichen)" title="Mittelpunkt (Schriftzeichen) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mittelpunkt (Schriftzeichen)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punto_medio_(escritura)" title="Punto medio (escritura) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Punto medio (escritura)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdiko_puntu" title="Erdiko puntu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erdiko puntu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_m%C3%A9dian" title="Point médian – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Point médian" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punto_medio" title="Punto medio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Punto medio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B4%EB%8E%83%EC%A0%90" title="가운뎃점 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가운뎃점" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punto_mediano" title="Punto mediano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Punto mediano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoge_punt" title="Hoge punt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoge punt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%BB%92" title="中黒 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中黒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpunkt" title="Interpunkt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Interpunkt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punt_interior" title="Punt interior – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Punt interior" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kropka_%C5%9Brodkowa" title="Kropka środkowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kropka środkowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto_mediano" title="Ponto mediano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ponto mediano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Интерпункт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Интерпункт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntu_medianu" title="Puntu medianu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Puntu medianu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvh%C3%B6g_punkt" title="Halvhög punkt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Halvhög punkt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Інтерпункт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інтерпункт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%95%8C%E8%99%9F" title="音界號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="音界號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%8F%B7" title="间隔号 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="间隔号" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1067693#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Typographical symbol, variously used as word delimiter, currency decimal delimiter, etc.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Middot" redirects here. For the religious tractate, see <a href="/wiki/Middot_(Talmud)" title="Middot (Talmud)">Middot (Talmud)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccc; font-size: 500%; line-height:1.3; font-weight:normal; font-family:'times new roman', times, georgia, serif, sans-serif;">·</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;"><div style="background: #ccc; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.1em 0.25em 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em;">Interpunct</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+00B7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">·</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MIDDLE DOT</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&middot;, &CenterDot;, &centerdot;</span>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Different from</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Different from</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2027</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">‧</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="‧">HYPHENATION POINT</a></span><br /> <p><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2219</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∙</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/%E2%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="∙">BULLET OPERATOR</a></span><br /> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+22C5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⋅</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/%E2%8B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="⋅">DOT OPERATOR</a></span><br /> </p> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+A78F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ꞏ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="ꞏ">LATIN LETTER SINOLOGICAL DOT</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Related</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02D1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ˑ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This page uses notation for orthographic or other linguistic analysis.</b> For the meaning of how <span class="nowrap"><code>⟨ ⟩</code>, <code>| |</code>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><code>/ /</code>, and <code>[ ]</code></span> <span class="nowrap">are used here,</span> see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">this page</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>An <b>interpunct</b> <b><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">·</span></b>, also known as an <b>interpoint</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>middle dot</b>, <b>middot</b>, <b>centered dot</b> or <b>centred dot</b>, is a punctuation mark consisting of a vertically centered dot used for <a href="/wiki/Interword_separation" class="mw-redirect" title="Interword separation">interword separation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">Word-separating spaces</a> did not appear until some time between 600 and 800<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>.) It appears in a variety of uses in some modern languages. </p><p>The <b><a href="#In_mathematics_and_science">multiplication dot</a></b> or "dot operator" is frequently used in mathematical and scientific notation, and it may differ in appearance from the interpunct. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_written_language">In written language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In written language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various dictionaries use the interpunct (in this context, sometimes called a hyphenation point) to indicate where to split a word and insert a hyphen if the word doesn't fit on the line. There is also a separate Unicode character, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2027</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">‧</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HYPHENATION POINT</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg/220px-Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="393" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg/330px-Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg/440px-Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption>Bradford's transcription of the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a>, the <b>space dot</b> was once used as the formal <a href="/wiki/Decimal_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal point">decimal point</a>. Its use was advocated by laws and can still be found in some UK-based academic journals such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> was <a href="/wiki/Decimalisation" title="Decimalisation">decimalised</a> in 1971, the official advice issued was to write decimal amounts with a raised point (for example, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">£21·48</code>) and to use a decimal point "on the line" only when typesetting constraints made it unavoidable. However, this usage had already been declining since the 1968 ruling by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Technology" title="Ministry of Technology">Ministry of Technology</a> to use the <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> as the decimal point,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not only because of that ruling but also because it is <a href="/wiki/Decimal_separator#Current_standards" title="Decimal separator">the widely-adopted international standard</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and because the standard <a href="/wiki/UK_keyboard_layout" class="mw-redirect" title="UK keyboard layout">UK keyboard layout</a> (for typewriters and computers) has only the full stop. The space dot is still used by some in handwriting. </p><p>In the early modern era, full stops (periods) were sometimes written as interpuncts (for example in the depicted 1646 transcription of the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a>). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian alphabet</a>, interpuncts replace <a href="/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization">capitalization</a> as the marker of proper nouns. The dot is placed at the beginning of a word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catalan">Catalan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Catalan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barcelona_-_Estaci%C3%B3_de_Paral%C2%B7lel_(7495657866).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Barcelona_-_Estaci%C3%B3_de_Paral%C2%B7lel_%287495657866%29.jpg/230px-Barcelona_-_Estaci%C3%B3_de_Paral%C2%B7lel_%287495657866%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Barcelona_-_Estaci%C3%B3_de_Paral%C2%B7lel_%287495657866%29.jpg/345px-Barcelona_-_Estaci%C3%B3_de_Paral%C2%B7lel_%287495657866%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Barcelona_-_Estaci%C3%B3_de_Paral%C2%B7lel_%287495657866%29.jpg/460px-Barcelona_-_Estaci%C3%B3_de_Paral%C2%B7lel_%287495657866%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Metro station <a href="/wiki/Paral%C2%B7lel_(Barcelona_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paral·lel (Barcelona Metro)">Paral·lel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">punt volat</i></span></b> ("flying point") is used in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> between two <a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ls</a> in cases where each belongs to a separate syllable, for example <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">cel·la</i></span>, "cell". This distinguishes such "<a href="/wiki/Geminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminate">geminate</a> Ls" (<span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">ela geminada</i></span>), which are pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">ː</a>]</span>, from "double L" (<span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">doble ela</i></span>), which are written without the flying point and are pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a>]</span>. In situations where the flying point is unavailable, <a href="/wiki/Period_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Period mark">periods</a> (as in <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">col.lecció</i></span>) or <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphens</a> (as in <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">col-lecció</i></span>) are frequently used as substitutes, but this is tolerated rather than encouraged. </p><p>Historically, medieval Catalan also used the symbol <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">·</span> as a marker for certain <a href="/wiki/Elision" title="Elision">elisions</a>, much like the modern apostrophe (see <a href="#Occitan">Occitan</a> below) and <a href="/wiki/Syllabification" title="Syllabification">hyphenations</a>. </p><p>There is no separate physical <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a> for Catalan: the flying point can be typed using <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd> in the <a href="/wiki/QWERTY#Spanish" title="QWERTY">Spanish (Spain) layout</a> or with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Option </kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">9</kbd> on a US English layout. On a mobile phone with a Catalan keyboard layout, the geminate L with a flying dot appears when holding down the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">L</kbd> key. It appears in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">pre-composed</a> letters <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">Ŀ</span> (U+013F) and <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">ŀ</span> (U+0140), but they are <a href="/wiki/Unicode_compatibility_characters" title="Unicode compatibility characters">compatibility characters</a> and are not frequently used or recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese">Chinese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chinese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The interpunct is used in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (which generally lacks spacing between <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">characters</a>) to mark divisions in words <a href="/wiki/Transliteration_into_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliteration into Chinese characters">transliterated</a> from <a href="/wiki/Phonogram_(linguistics)" title="Phonogram (linguistics)">phonogram</a> languages, particularly names. Lacking its own code point in Unicode, the interpunct in Chinese shares the code point U+00B7 (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">·</span>), and it is properly (and in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> formally)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of full-width U+30FB (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">・</span>). When the Chinese text is <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanized</a>, the partition sign is simply replaced by a standard space or other appropriate punctuation. Thus, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> is written as <span lang="zh">威廉·莎士比亞</span> (<i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wēilián Shāshìbǐyà</span></i>) and <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> as <span lang="zh-Hans">喬治·W·布什</span> (<span lang="zh-Hant">喬治·W·布殊</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qiáozhì W. Bùshí</span></i>). Titles and other translated words are not similarly marked: <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> are simply <span lang="zh-Hant">成吉思汗</span> (<i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chéngjísī hán</span></i>) and <span lang="zh-Hans">伊利沙伯二世</span> (<span lang="zh-Hant">伊麗莎白二世</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yīlìshābái èrshì</span></i>) without a partition sign. </p><p>The partition sign is also used to separate book and chapter titles when they are mentioned consecutively: book first and then chapter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hokkien">Hokkien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hokkien"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a> for <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a>, middle dot is often used as a workaround for the <i>dot above</i> right <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a>, since most early encoding systems did not support this diacritic. This is now encoded as <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0358</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌͘</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING DOT ABOVE RIGHT</span> (see <a href="/wiki/O%CD%98" title="O͘">o͘</a>). Unicode did not support this diacritic until June 2005. Newer fonts often support it natively; however, the practice of using middle dot still exists. Historically, it was derived in the late 19th century from an older barred-o with curly tail as an adaptation to the typewriter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tibetan">Tibetan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tibetan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan alphabet</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a> the interpunct, called <span title="Standard Tibetan-language text"><i lang="bo-Latn">tsek</i></span> (<span title="Standard Tibetan-language text"><span lang="bo">ཙེག་</span></span>), is used as a <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morpheme</a> delimiter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethiopic">Ethiopic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ethiopic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a> (Ethiopic) script traditionally <a href="/wiki/Word_separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Word separator">separates words</a> with an interpunct of two vertically aligned dots, like a <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a>, but with larger dots: <span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1361</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">፡</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ETHIOPIC WORDSPACE</span>.</span> (For example <span class="nowrap"><span title="Ge'ez-language text"><span lang="gez"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1226571163">.mw-parser-output .Ethiopic{font-family:"Noto Sans Ethiopic","Ebrima","Abyssinica SIL"}</style><span class="Ethiopic">ገድለ፡ወለተ፡ጴጥሮስ</span></span></span>).</span> Starting in the late 19th century the use of such punctuation has largely fallen out of use in favor of whitespace, except in formal hand-written or liturgical texts. In Eritrea the character may be used as a comma.<sup id="cite_ref-ethiospace_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethiospace-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franco-Provençal"><span id="Franco-Proven.C3.A7al"></span>Franco-Provençal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Franco-Provençal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-Provençal</a> (or Arpitan), the interpunct is used in order to distinguish the following graphemes: </p> <ul><li><b>ch·</b>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃ]</span>, versus <b>ch</b>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ts]</span></li> <li><b>j·</b>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʒ]</span>, versus <b>j</b>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dz]</span></li> <li><b>g·</b> before <i>e, i,</i> pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʒ]</span>, versus <b>g</b> before <i>e, i,</i> pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dz]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French">French</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In modern <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, the interpunct is sometimes used for <a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_language" title="Gender-neutral language">gender-neutral</a> writing, as in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">les salarié·e·s</i></span> for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">les salariés et les salariées</i></span> ("the employees [both male and female]"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek">Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Ano_teleia"></span><span class="anchor" id="Greek_semicolon"></span> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> lacked spacing or interpuncts but instead ran all the letters together. By <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>, various marks were used to separate words, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Greek_comma" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek comma">Greek comma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tlg_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">modern Greek</a>, the <b>ano teleia</b> mark (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">άνω τελεία</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">ánō teleía</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'upper stop'; also known as <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">άνω στιγμή</span></span>, <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">áno stigmí</i></span>) is the infrequently-encountered Greek semicolon and is properly <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a> as such.<sup id="cite_ref-elot_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elot-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Greek text, <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> provides the code point <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0387</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">·</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK ANO TELEIA</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, it is also expressed as an interpunct. In practice, the separate code point for ano teleia canonically decomposes to the interpunct.<sup id="cite_ref-tlg_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hellenistic scholars of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> first developed the mark for a function closer to the <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a>, before it fell out of use and was then repurposed for its present role.<sup id="cite_ref-tlg_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese">Japanese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></div> <p>Interpuncts are often used to separate transcribed foreign names or words written in <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>. For example, "<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Sunday_(song)" title="Beautiful Sunday (song)">Beautiful Sunday</a>" becomes <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ビューティフル・サンデー</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Byūtifuru·sandē</i></span>). A middle dot is also sometimes used to separate lists in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> instead of the <a href="/wiki/Comma#East_Asia" title="Comma">Japanese comma</a>. Dictionaries and <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> lessons in Japanese sometimes also use a similar symbol to separate a <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">suffix</a> from its root. While some fonts may render the Japanese middle dot as a square under great magnification, this is not a defining property of the middle dot that is used in China or Japan. </p><p>However, the Japanese writing system usually does not use space or punctuation to separate words (though the mixing of katakana, <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> gives some indication of word boundary). </p><p>In Japanese <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a>, there exist two Unicode code points: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+30FB</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">・</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT</span>, with a fixed width that is the same as most kana characters, known as <i>fullwidth</i>.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FF65</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">･</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HALFWIDTH KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT</span></li></ul> <p>The interpunct also has a number of other uses in Japanese, including the following: to separate titles, names and positions: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hani">課長補佐・鈴木</span></span> (Assistant Section Head · Suzuki); as a decimal point when writing numbers in kanji: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hani"><span class="nowrap">三・一四一五九二 (3.141 592)</span></span></span>; as a slash when writing for "or" in abbreviations: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hani"><span class="nowrap">月・水・金曜日 (Mon/Wed/Friday)</span></span></span>; and in place of hyphens, dashes and colons when writing vertically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean">Korean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Korean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interpuncts are used in written Korean to denote a list of two or more words, similarly to how a <a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a> (/) is used to juxtapose words in many other languages. In this role it also functions in a similar way to the English <a href="/wiki/En_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="En dash">en dash</a>, as in <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">미·소관계</span></span>, "American–Soviet relations". The use of interpuncts has declined in years of digital typography and especially in place of slashes, but, in the strictest sense, a slash cannot replace a middle dot in Korean typography. </p><p><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+318D</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ㆍ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HANGUL LETTER ARAEA</span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">아래아</span></span>) is used more than a middle dot when an interpunct is to be used in Korean typography, though <i>araea</i> is technically not a punctuation symbol but actually an <a href="/wiki/Hangul#Obsolete_letters" title="Hangul">obsolete Hangul <i>jamo</i></a>. Because <i>araea</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Full-width" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-width">full-width</a> letter, it looks better than middle dot between Hangul. In addition, it is drawn like the middle dot in Windows default Korean fonts such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ming_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming (typeface)">Batang</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin">Latin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The interpunct (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">interpunctus</i></span>) was regularly used in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">classical Latin</a> to separate words. In addition to the most common round form, <a href="/wiki/Inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Inscription">inscriptions</a> sometimes use a small <a href="/wiki/Equilateral_triangle" title="Equilateral triangle">equilateral triangle</a> for the interpunct, pointing either up or down. It may also appear as a mid-line comma, similar to the <a href="#Greek">Greek</a> practice of the time. The interpunct fell out of use <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 200 CE</span>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> was then written <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Scripta_continua" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripta continua">scripta continua</a></i></span> for several centuries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occitan">Occitan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Occitan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Gascon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gascon language">Gascon</a> dialect, the interpunct (<i>punt interior</i>, literally, "inner dot", or <i>ponch naut</i> for "high / upper point") is used to distinguish the following graphemes: </p> <ul><li><b>s·h</b>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s.h]</span>, versus <b>sh</b>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃ]</span>, for example, in <i>des·har</i> 'to undo' vs <i>deishar</i> 'to leave'</li> <li><b>n·h</b>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n.h]</span>, versus <b>nh</b>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɲ]</span>, for example in <i>in·hèrn</i> 'hell' vs <i>vinha</i> 'vineyard'</li></ul> <p>Although it is considered to be a spelling error, a <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">period</a> is frequently used when a middle dot is unavailable: <i>des.har, in.hèrn</i>, which is the case for French <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#French" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a>. </p><p>In modern editions of <a href="/wiki/Old_Occitan" title="Old Occitan">Old Occitan</a> texts, the apostrophe and interpunct are used to denote certain <a href="/wiki/Elision" title="Elision">elisions</a> that were not originally marked. The apostrophe is used with <a href="/wiki/Clitic#Proclitic" title="Clitic">proclitic</a> forms and the interpunct is used with <a href="/wiki/Clitic#Enclitic" title="Clitic">enclitic</a> forms: </p> <ul><li><b>que·l</b> (<i>que lo</i>, that the) versus <b>qu'el</b> (that he)</li> <li>From <a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Born" title="Bertran de Born">Bertran de Born</a>'s <i>Ab joi mou lo vers e·l comens</i> (translated by James H. Donalson):</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><i>Bela Domna·l vostre cors gens</i> <br /> <i>E·lh vostre bel olh m'an conquis,</i> <br /> <i>E·l doutz esgartz e lo clars vis,</i> <br /> <i>E·l vostre bels essenhamens,</i> <br /> <i>Que, can be m'en pren esmansa,</i> <br /> <i>De beutat no·us trob egansa:</i> <br /> <i>La genser etz c'om posc'e·l mon chauzir,</i> <br /> <i>O no·i vei clar dels olhs ab que·us remir.</i> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><i>Domna·l</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈdonnal]</span> = <i>Domna, lo</i> ("Lady, the": singular <a href="/wiki/Definite_article#Definite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Definite article">definite article</a>) <br /> <i>E·lh</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[eʎ]</span> = <i>E li</i> ("And the": plural definite article) <br /> <i>E·l</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[el]</span> = <i>E lo</i> ("And the") <br /> <i>E·l</i> = <i>E lo</i> ("And the") <br /> <br /> <i>No·us</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nows]</span> = <i>Non vos</i> ("(do) not... you": <a href="/wiki/Indirect_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Indirect objects">direct object</a> pronoun) <br /> <i>E·l</i> = <i>En lo</i> ("in the") <br /> <i>No·i</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[noj]</span> = <i>Non i</i> ("(do) not... there") // <i>Que·us</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kews]</span> = <i>Que vos</i> ("that (I)... you") </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p>O pretty lady, all your grace <br /> and eyes of beauty conquered me, <br /> sweet glance and brightness of your face <br /> and all your nature has to tell <br /> so if I make an appraisal <br /> I find no one like in beauty: <br /> most pleasing to be found in all the world <br /> or else the eyes I see you with have dimmed.   </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Irish">Old Irish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Old Irish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many linguistic works discussing <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> (but not in actual Old Irish manuscripts), the interpunct is used to separate a pretonic preverbal element from the stressed syllable of the verb, e.g. <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">do·beir</i></span> "gives". It is also used in citing the verb forms used after such preverbal elements (the <a href="/wiki/Prototonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prototonic">prototonic</a> forms), e.g. <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">·beir</i></span> "carries", to distinguish them from forms used without preverbs, e.g. <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">beirid</i></span> "carries".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other works, the <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a> (<span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">do-beir</i></span>, <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">-beir</i></span>) or <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> (<span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">do:beir</i></span>, <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">:beir</i></span>) may be used for this purpose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Runes">Runes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Runes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Runic" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic">Runic</a> texts use either an interpunct-like or a colon-like punctuation mark to separate words. There are two <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters dedicated for this: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+16EB</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">᛫</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RUNIC SINGLE PUNCTUATION</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+16EC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">᛬</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RUNIC MULTIPLE PUNCTUATION</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_mathematics_and_science">In mathematics and science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In mathematics and science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="max-width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccc; font-size: 500%; line-height:1.3; font-weight:normal; font-family:'times new roman', times, georgia, serif, sans-serif;">⋅</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;"><div style="background: #ccc; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.1em 0.25em 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em;">Multiplication dot</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+22C5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⋅</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DOT OPERATOR</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&sdot;</span>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Related</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2219</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∙</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullet operator">BULLET OPERATOR</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Up to the mid twentieth century, and sporadically even much later, the interpunct could be found used as the <a href="/wiki/Decimal_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal marker">decimal point</a> in British publications, such as tables of constants (e.g., "<span class="texhtml">π = 3·14159</span>"). Conversely the multiplication sign was a full stop (period).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In publications conforming to the standards of the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a>, as well as the multiplication sign (×), the centered dot (dot operator) or space (often typographically a <a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">non-breaking space</a>) can be used as a multiplication sign.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Only a <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a> or <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop (period)</a> may be used as a decimal marker.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The centered dot can be used when multiplying units, as in <span class="texhtml">m·kg·s<sup>−2</sup></span> for the <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newton</a> expressed in terms of SI base units.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the United States, the use of a centered dot for the multiplication of numbers or values of quantities is discouraged by <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, a small middle dot can be used to represent <a href="/wiki/Multiplication" title="Multiplication">multiplication</a>; for example, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\cdot y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\cdot y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/13939e6cddd7ba416fd805830d8f5d815c9b4e76" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.164ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\cdot y}"></span> for multiplying <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span> by <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db9936ddb2761b76fa640fb275cb5d1fa4d6fa23" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\textstyle y}"></span>. When dealing with <a href="/wiki/Scalar_(mathematics)" title="Scalar (mathematics)">scalars</a>, it is interchangeable with the <a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a> (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">×</span>), as long as the multiplication sign is between numerals such that it would not be mistaken as variable <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d951e0f3b54b6a3d73bb9a0a005749046cbce781" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\textstyle x}"></span>. For instance, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle 2\cdot 3y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle 2\cdot 3y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3c2ba71da5932454593604a9033bdfbd8064e2bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.16ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\textstyle 2\cdot 3y}"></span> means the same thing as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle 2\times 3y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle 2\times 3y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39dde0a90f1ebb4df9730855a58c9ac5e8afb7ae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.321ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\textstyle 2\times 3y}"></span>. However, when dealing with <a href="/wiki/Vector_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (geometry)">vectors</a>, the dot operator denotes a <a href="/wiki/Dot_product" title="Dot product">dot product</a> (e.g. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\vec {x}}\cdot {\vec {y}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\vec {x}}\cdot {\vec {y}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/113603551c2ef5b8c8926114971c6b9a853a1e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.273ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\vec {x}}\cdot {\vec {y}}}"></span>, a scalar), which is distinct from the <a href="/wiki/Cross_product" title="Cross product">cross product</a> (e.g. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}\times {\vec {y}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}\times {\vec {y}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/571e44ffe91374b89d0af8f692cd5e09df2b660d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.435ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}\times {\vec {y}}}"></span>, a vector). </p><p>Another usage of this symbol in mathematics is with <a href="/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics)">functions</a>, where the dot is used as a placeholder for a <a href="/wiki/Argument_of_a_function" title="Argument of a function">function argument</a>, in order to distinguish between the (general form of the) function itself and the value or a specific form of a function evaluated at a given point or with given specifications.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle f(\cdot )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle f(\cdot )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6b1d2264ac16b295fd8f93dfa67198d75ee2cce1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.735ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\textstyle f(\cdot )}"></span> denotes the function <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle x\mapsto f(x)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↦</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle x\mapsto f(x)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bb708f83391a57d987fd56b73e0265f0c0e46784" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.361ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\textstyle x\mapsto f(x)}"></span>, and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \theta (s,a,\cdot )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \theta (s,a,\cdot )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b56f9143eaca97f166e042834d0869ec9aacdec5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.935ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \theta (s,a,\cdot )}"></span> denotes a <a href="/wiki/Partial_application" title="Partial application">partial application</a>, where the first two arguments are given and the third argument shall take any valid value on its domain. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)#Other_forms_of_use" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet operator</a>, <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">∙</span>, U+2219, is sometimes used to denote the <a href="/wiki/Logical_conjunction" title="Logical conjunction">"AND" relationship</a> in formal <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, the middle dot is usually displayed (but not printed) to indicate <a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">white space</a> in various software applications such as <a href="/wiki/Word_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Word processing">word processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a>, web layout, <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a> programs. In some <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processors</a>, interpuncts are used to denote not only <a href="/wiki/Hard_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard space">hard space</a> or space characters, but also sometimes used to indicate a space when put in paragraph format to show indentations and spaces. This allows the user to see where white space is located in the document and what sizes of white space are used, since normally white space is invisible so tabs, spaces, non-breaking spaces and such are indistinguishable from one another. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, the middle dot is used to separate the parts of formulas of <a href="/wiki/Addition_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Addition compound">addition compounds</a>, mixture salts or solvates (typically hydrates), such as of <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_sulfate" title="Copper(II) sulfate">copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate</a>, <span class="texhtml">CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O</span>. The middle dot should not be surrounded by spaces when indicating a chemical adduct.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_middot_as_a_letter"><span class="anchor" id="Letter"></span>The middot as a letter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The middot as a letter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A middot may be used as a <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter" title="Modifier letter">modifier letter</a>, rather than as punctuation, in transcription systems and in language orthographies. For such uses Unicode provides the code point <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+A78F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ꞏ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN LETTER SINOLOGICAL DOT</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Americanist_phonetic_notation" title="Americanist phonetic notation">Americanist phonetic notation</a>, the middot is a more common variant of the <a href="/wiki/Colon_(letter)" title="Colon (letter)">colon</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨꞉⟩</span> used to indicate <a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">vowel length</a>. It may be called a <i>half-colon</i> in such usage. Graphically, it may be high in the letter space (the top dot of the colon) or centered as the interpunct. From Americanist notation, it has been adopted into the orthographies of several languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Washo_language" title="Washo language">Washo</a>. </p><p>In the writings of <a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a>, the middot was used for palatal or <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> consonants, e.g. <span class="nowrap">⟨kꞏ⟩</span> for IPA [c]. </p><p>In the Sinological tradition of the <a href="/wiki/36_initials" class="mw-redirect" title="36 initials">36 initials</a>, the onset 影 (typically reconstructed as a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>) may be transliterated with a middot <span class="nowrap">⟨ꞏ⟩</span>, and the onset 喻 (typically reconstructed as a <a href="/wiki/Null_onset" class="mw-redirect" title="Null onset">null onset</a>) with an <a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter_apostrophe" title="Modifier letter apostrophe">apostrophe</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨ʼ⟩</span>. Conventions vary, however, and it is common for 影 to be transliterated with the apostrophe. These conventions are used both for Chinese itself and for other scripts of China, such as <a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal syllabics</a>, a middle dot ⟨ᐧ⟩ indicates a syllable medial ⟨w⟩ in <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a>, ⟨y⟩ or ⟨yu⟩ in some of the <a href="/wiki/Athapascan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Athapascan languages">Athapascan languages</a>, and a syllable medial ⟨s⟩ in <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a>. However, depending on the writing tradition, the middle dot may appear after the syllable it modifies (which is found in the Western style) or before the syllable it modifies (which is found in the Northern and Eastern styles). In Unicode, the middle dot is encoded both as independent glyph <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1427</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᐧ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL MIDDLE DOT</span> or as part of a pre-composed letter, such as in <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+143C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᐼ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWI</span>. In the <a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Carrier syllabics</a> subset, the middle dot Final indicates a glottal stop, but a centered dot diacritic on <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ə]</span>-position letters transform the vowel value to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]</span>, for example: <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1650</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᙐ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SE</span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1652</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᙒ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SI</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_symbols">Similar symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Similar symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol</th> <th>Character Entity</th> <th>Numeric Entity</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Code Point </th> <th><a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">· </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&middot;<br />&centerdot;<br />&CenterDot;</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#183;</span> </td> <td>U+00B7 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MIDDLE DOT</span></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\textperiodcentered</span> </td> <td>The interpunct </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">ˑ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#721;</span> </td> <td>U+02D1 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>IPA interpunct symbol: the triangular middot. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">· </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#903;</span> </td> <td>U+0387 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK ANO TELEIA</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>Greek <i>ánō stigmē</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">ּ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#1468;</span> </td> <td>U+05BC <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPPIQ</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>Hebrew point <a href="/wiki/Dagesh" title="Dagesh">dagesh</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mappiq" title="Mappiq">mapiq</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">᛫ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#5867;</span> </td> <td>U+16EB <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RUNIC SINGLE PUNCTUATION</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Runic" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic">Runic</a> punctuation </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">• </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&bull;</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#8226;</span> </td> <td>U+2022 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BULLET</span></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\textbullet</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a>, often used to mark list items </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">‧ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#8231;</span> </td> <td>U+2027 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HYPHENATION POINT</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyphen#Syllabification_and_spelling" title="Hyphen">hyphenation point</a> (dictionaries) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">∘ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&compfn;</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#8728;</span> </td> <td>U+2218 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RING OPERATOR</span></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\circ</span> </td> <td>ring operator (mathematics) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">∙ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#8729;</span> </td> <td>U+2219 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BULLET OPERATOR</span></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\bullet</span> </td> <td>bullet operator (mathematics) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">⋅ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&sdot;</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#8901;</span> </td> <td>U+22C5 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DOT OPERATOR</span></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\cdot</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\cdotp</span> </td> <td>dot operator (mathematics) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">⏺ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#9210;</span> </td> <td>U+23FA <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BLACK CIRCLE FOR RECORD</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>black circle for <a href="/wiki/Media_controls" class="mw-redirect" title="Media controls">record</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">● </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#9679;</span> </td> <td>U+25CF <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BLACK CIRCLE</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">◦ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#9702;</span> </td> <td>U+25E6 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">WHITE BULLET</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>hollow bullet </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">⚫ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#9899;</span> </td> <td>U+26AB <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MEDIUM CIRCLE BLACK</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>medium black circle </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">⦁ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#10625;</span> </td> <td>U+2981 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">Z NOTATION SPOT</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>symbol used by the <a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">Z notation</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">⸰ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#11824;</span> </td> <td>U+2E30 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RING POINT</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> punctuation mark </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">⸱ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#11825;</span> </td> <td>U+2E31 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>word separator (Avestan and other scripts) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">⸳ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#11827;</span> </td> <td>U+2E33 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RAISED DOT</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>vertical position between <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> and middle dot </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">・ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#12539;</span> </td> <td>U+30FB <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>fullwidth <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> middle dot </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">ꞏ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#42895;</span> </td> <td>U+A78F <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN LETTER SINOLOGICAL DOT</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td><a href="#Letter">as a letter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">･ </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#65381;</span> </td> <td>U+FF65 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HALFWIDTH KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Half-width_kana" title="Half-width kana">halfwidth</a> katakana middle dot </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">𐄁 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&#65793;</span> </td> <td>U+10101 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">AEGEAN WORD SEPARATOR DOT</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td>word separator for Aegean scripts<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Characters in the Symbol column above may not render correctly in all browsers.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">Punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syllabification" title="Syllabification">Syllabification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dot_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Dot (disambiguation)">Dot (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The preferred Unicode representation is a succession of three characters, that is: <span class="nowrap">⟨<b>L·L</b>⟩</span> (U+004C + U+00B7 + U+004C) and <span class="nowrap">⟨<b>l·l</b>⟩</span> (U+006C + U+00B7 + U+006C).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCatich,_Edward1991" class="citation book cs1">Catich, Edward (1991). <i>The Origin of the Serif: Brush Writing and Roman Letters</i>. Des Moines, Iowa: Saint Ambrose University Catich Gallery. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9629740-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9629740-1-4"><bdi>978-0-9629740-1-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+the+Serif%3A+Brush+Writing+and+Roman+Letters&rft.place=Des+Moines%2C+Iowa&rft.pub=Saint+Ambrose+University+Catich+Gallery&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-9629740-1-4&rft.au=Catich%2C+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet/authors/artwork-guidelines.pdf">"The Lancet – Formatting guidelines for electronic submission of manuscripts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lancet+%E2%80%93+Formatting+guidelines+for+electronic+submission+of+manuscripts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.thelancet.com%2Fpb%2Fassets%2Fraw%2FLancet%2Fauthors%2Fartwork-guidelines.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F218111c0">"Victory on Points"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>218</b> (5137): 111. 1968. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968Natur.218S.111.">1968Natur.218S.111.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F218111c0">10.1038/218111c0</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Victory+on+Points&rft.volume=218&rft.issue=5137&rft.pages=111&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F218111c0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1968Natur.218S.111.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F218111c0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonTaylor2008" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Ambler; Taylor, Barry N. (March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf#10.5.2">"Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>. p. 37<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+for+the+Use+of+the+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.date=2008-03&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Ambler&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Barry+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2Fpdf%2Fsp811.pdf%2310.5.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf">Unicode Latin Extended A code chart</a> p.13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509120621/https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/AIDB/query_symbol_view.do?page=1&code=2126">"CNS11643 中文全字庫-字碼查詢與下載"</a> (in Chinese). Cns11643.gov.tw. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cns11643.gov.tw/AIDB/query_symbol_view.do?page=1&code=2126">the original</a> on 2019-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CNS11643+%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%85%A8%E5%AD%97%E5%BA%AB-%E5%AD%97%E7%A2%BC%E6%9F%A5%E8%A9%A2%E8%88%87%E4%B8%8B%E8%BC%89&rft.pub=Cns11643.gov.tw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cns11643.gov.tw%2FAIDB%2Fquery_symbol_view.do%3Fpage%3D1%26code%3D2126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethiospace-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ethiospace_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/elreq/#ethiopic_punctuation">"Ethiopic Wordspace"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopic+Wordspace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Felreq%2F%23ethiopic_punctuation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tlg-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tlg_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tlg_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tlg_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120806003722/http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/punctuation.html">"Thesaurus Linguae Graecae"</a>. www.tlg.uci.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/punctuation.html#semicolon">the original</a> on 2012-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thesaurus+Linguae+Graecae&rft.pub=www.tlg.uci.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tlg.uci.edu%2F~opoudjis%2Funicode%2Fpunctuation.html%23semicolon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elot-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elot_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ελληνικός Οργανισμός Τυποποίησης</span></span> [<i>Ellīnikós Organismós Typopoíīsīs</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Organization_for_Standardization" title="Hellenic Organization for Standardization">Hellenic Organization for Standardization</a>"]. <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">ΕΛΟΤ 743, 2η Έκδοση</span></span> [<i>ELOT 743, 2ī Ekdosī</i>, "ELOT 743, <span class="nowrap">2nd ed.</span>"]. ELOT (Athens), 2001. <span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf">Unicode Greek code chart</a>", <span class="nowrap">pp. 34,</span> 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurneysen1946" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Thurneysen" title="Rudolf Thurneysen">Thurneysen, Rudolf</a> (1946). <i>A Grammar of Old Irish</i>. trans. D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85500-161-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85500-161-6"><bdi>1-85500-161-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Old+Irish&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Dublin+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies&rft.date=1946&rft.isbn=1-85500-161-6&rft.aulast=Thurneysen&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonTaylor2008" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Ambler; Taylor, Barry N. (March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf#10.5.2">"Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>. p. 37<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+for+the+Use+of+the+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.date=2008-03&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Ambler&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Barry+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2Fpdf%2Fsp811.pdf%2310.5.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C2%B7#Symbol">"· - Wiktionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%B7+-+Wiktionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C2%25B7%23Symbol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2020" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Michael D. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ece.engr.uvic.ca/~frodo/sigsysbook/downloads/signals_and_systems-3.0.pdf"><i>Signals and Systems</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (3.0 ed.). p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55058-674-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55058-674-9"><bdi>978-1-55058-674-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Signals+and+Systems&rft.pages=12&rft.edition=3.0&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-55058-674-9&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fece.engr.uvic.ca%2F~frodo%2Fsigsysbook%2Fdownloads%2Fsignals_and_systems-3.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnellyDamhusHartshornHutton2005" class="citation book cs1">Connelly, Neil G.; Damhus, Ture; Hartshorn, Richard M.; Hutton, Alan T. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Red_Book_2005.pdf"><i>Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations 2005 (the "Red Book")</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85404-438-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85404-438-8"><bdi>0-85404-438-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Inorganic+Chemistry%2C+IUPAC+Recommendations+2005+%28the+%22Red+Book%22%29&rft.pages=56&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-85404-438-8&rft.aulast=Connelly&rft.aufirst=Neil+G.&rft.au=Damhus%2C+Ture&rft.au=Hartshorn%2C+Richard+M.&rft.au=Hutton%2C+Alan+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiupac.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F07%2FRed_Book_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some discussion of the inappropriateness of a punctuation mark for such use, as well as the near equivalence of the triangular half colon, can be found here:<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10118-n3812.pdf">Bibiko, Hans-Jörg (2010-04-07), On the proposed U+A78F LATIN LETTER MIDDLE DOT</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10124-mid-dot-letter.pdf">Hill, Nathan (2010-04-14), Latin letter middle dot</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest,_Andrew2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist)" title="Andrew West (linguist)">West, Andrew</a> (4 April 2009). Unicode Technical Committee (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09031r-n3567r.pdf">"Proposal to encode a Middle Dot letter for Phags-pa transliteration (UTC Document L2/09-031R, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 Document N3567)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+encode+a+Middle+Dot+letter+for+Phags-pa+transliteration+%28UTC+Document+L2%2F09-031R%2C+ISO%2FIEC+JTC1%2FSC2%2FWG2+Document+N3567%29&rft.date=2009-04-04&rft.au=West%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2009%2F09031r-n3567r.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPakin2009" class="citation web cs1">Pakin, Scott (9 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328051921/http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf">"The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Comprehensive+LATEX+Symbol+List&rft.date=2009-11-09&rft.aulast=Pakin&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tex.ac.uk%2Ftex-archive%2Finfo%2Fsymbols%2Fcomprehensive%2Fsymbols-a4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen1995" class="citation journal cs1">Bowen, Jonathan P. (May 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/288666">"Glossary of Z Notation"</a>. <i>Information and Software Technology</i>. <b>37</b> (5–6). University of Reading (UK): 333–334. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0950-5849%2895%2990001-2">10.1016/0950-5849(95)90001-2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+and+Software+Technology&rft.atitle=Glossary+of+Z+Notation&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&rft.pages=333-334&rft.date=1995-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0950-5849%2895%2990001-2&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F288666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonEverson2001" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2001-10-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01370-n2378.pdf">"N2378: Final proposal to encode Aegean scripts in the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N2378%3A+Final+proposal+to+encode+Aegean+scripts+in+the+UCS&rft.pub=ISO%2FIEC+JTC1%2FSC2%2FWG2&rft.date=2001-10-03&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.au=Everson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2001%2F01370-n2378.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterpunct" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Interpuncts" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Interpuncts">Interpuncts</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template talk:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographical</a> symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;">   </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> , </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> : </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ; </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‐ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ′ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ″ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‴ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> . </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> & </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> @ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ^ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> / </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> \ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> … </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> * </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ※ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⁂ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(typography)" title="Asterism (typography)">asterism</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dinkus" title="Dinkus">dinkus</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> - </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‒ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> – </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> — </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⹀ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ? </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ! </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‽ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¡ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Inverted_question_and_exclamation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverted question and exclamation marks">inverted ! and ?</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸮ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">irony punctuation</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> # </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> № </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> º </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ª </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> % </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">percent sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‰ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Per_mille" title="Per mille">per mille</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‱ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis point</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ° </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌀ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diameter#Symbol" title="Diameter">diameter sign</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> + </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> − </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus and minus signs</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> × </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ÷ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">division sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ~ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ± </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ∓ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Minus-plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus-plus sign">minus-plus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> √ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Radical_symbol" title="Radical symbol">radical symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> _ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span style="position: relative; top: 0.25em;">⁀</span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> | </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¦ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‖ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> • </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> · </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">interpunct</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> © </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_symbol" title="Copyright symbol">copyright symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ℗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright_symbol" title="Sound recording copyright symbol">sound recording copyright</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ® </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">registered trademark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">SM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">service mark symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">TM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">trademark symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‘ ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> “ ” </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' ' </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> " " </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‹ › </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> « » </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ( ) </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> [ ] </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> { } </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⟨ ⟩ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">bracket</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ” </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> † </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‡ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ❧ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleuron</a> (hedera, aldus)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ☞ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Manicule" title="Manicule">manicule</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ◊ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌑ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenge</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¶ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (paragraph mark)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> § </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">section mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">Version of this table as a sortable list</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (accents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">Logic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_punctuation" title="Korean punctuation">Korean punctuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&oldid=1255808150">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interpunct&oldid=1255808150</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Punctuation" title="Category:Punctuation">Punctuation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latin-script_diacritics" title="Category:Latin-script diacritics">Latin-script 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