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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_by_medieval_scribes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_by_medieval_scribes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Use by medieval scribes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_by_medieval_scribes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_of_mechanical_typewriters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_mechanical_typewriters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Role of mechanical typewriters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_mechanical_typewriters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_centralized_ASCII_tilde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_centralized_ASCII_tilde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The centralized ASCII tilde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_centralized_ASCII_tilde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connection_to_Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connection_to_Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Connection to Spanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connection_to_Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Letters_with_tilde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters_with_tilde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Letters with tilde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letters_with_tilde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_use_in_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_use_in_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Common use in English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_use_in_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diacritical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diacritical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Diacritical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diacritical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pitch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Pitch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbreviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbreviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Abbreviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbreviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nasalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Nasalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatal_n" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatal_n"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Palatal n</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatal_n-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>Tone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Phonetic_Alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span>International Phonetic Alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Phonetic_Alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letter_extension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letter_extension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.7</span> <span>Letter extension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letter_extension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.8</span> <span>Modern Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.9</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punctuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punctuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Punctuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punctuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approximation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approximation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Approximation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approximation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unicode_and_Shift_JIS_encoding_of_wave_dash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode_and_Shift_JIS_encoding_of_wave_dash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3.1</span> <span>Unicode and Shift JIS encoding of wave dash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode_and_Shift_JIS_encoding_of_wave_dash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Mathematics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_a_unary_operator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_unary_operator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>As a unary operator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_unary_operator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_relational_operator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_relational_operator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>As a relational operator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_relational_operator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_diacritic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_diacritic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>As a diacritic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_diacritic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Physics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Electronics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Linguistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Computing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Directories_and_URLs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directories_and_URLs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>Directories and URLs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directories_and_URLs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.2</span> <span>Computer languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.2.1</span> <span>Regex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keyboards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyboards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.3</span> <span>Keyboards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keyboards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backup_filenames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backup_filenames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.4</span> <span>Backup filenames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backup_filenames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_filenames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_filenames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.5</span> <span>Microsoft filenames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_filenames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Juggling_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juggling_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Juggling notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juggling_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tilde</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%8D%8B%E1%89%B5%E1%89%85%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5" title="ድፋትቅናት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ድፋትቅናት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85)" title="مدة (علامة ترقيم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدة (علامة ترقيم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADrgula" title="Vírgula – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vírgula" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muanduhe_t%C4%A9gua" title="Muanduhe tĩgua – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Muanduhe tĩgua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilda" title="Tilda – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tilda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="টিল্ডা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টিল্ডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Тилда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тилда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tildenn" title="Tildenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tildenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titlla" title="Titlla – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Titlla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlnovka" title="Vlnovka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlnovka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tild" title="Tild – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tild" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgulilla" title="Virgulilla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Virgulilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tildo" title="Tildo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tildo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilet" title="Tilet – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tilet" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DA%A9" title="مدک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Til" title="Til – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Til" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Тильда темдег – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Тильда темдег" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EA%B2%B0%ED%91%9C" title="물결표 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물결표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ալիքանշան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալիքանշան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="टिल्डे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टिल्डे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilda" title="Tilda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tilda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tildo" title="Tildo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tildo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%94" title="טילדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טילדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Тильда – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тильда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde_(z%C4%ABme)" title="Tilde (zīme) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tilde (zīme)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tild" title="Tild – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tild" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tild%C4%97" title="Tildė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tildė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull%C3%A1mvonal" title="Hullámvonal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hullámvonal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Тилда – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тилда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86" title="ടിൽഡെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടിൽഡെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="टिल्ड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टिल्ड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80" title="チルダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チルダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲਹਿਰੀਆ ਲਕੀਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਹਿਰੀਆ ਲਕੀਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylda" title="Tylda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tylda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Til" title="Til – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Til" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tild%C4%83" title="Tildă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tildă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Тильда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тильда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tilde" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlnovka" title="Vlnovka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlnovka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilda" title="Tilda – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tilda" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaltoviiva" title="Aaltoviiva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aaltoviiva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde_(tecken)" title="Tilde (tecken) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tilde (tecken)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="அலைக்குறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலைக்குறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakla%C5%9F%C4%B1k_i%C5%9Fareti" title="Yaklaşık işareti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaklaşık işareti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Тильда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тильда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%84%DA%88%D8%A7" title="ٹلڈا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹلڈا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B5%AA%E5%8F%B7" title="波浪号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波浪号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%A2" title="טילדע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טילדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTilde"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTilde"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tilde&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tildes" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11167" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Punctuation and accent mark</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the punctuation and diacritical mark. For the Swedish singer, see <a href="/wiki/Tilde_(singer)" title="Tilde (singer)">Tilde (singer)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"~" redirects here. For the album, see <a href="/wiki/~_(album)" title="~ (album)"><i>~</i> (album)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccc; font-size: 500%; line-height:1.3; font-weight:normal; font-family:'times new roman', times, georgia, serif, sans-serif;">~<span class="nowrap"> </span>◌̃</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;"><div style="background: #ccc; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.1em 0.25em 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em;">Tilde (symbol), Combining tilde (<a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+007E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">~</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TILDE</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0303</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̃</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING TILDE</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Related</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Double_tilde_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Double tilde (disambiguation)">Double tilde (disambiguation) </a><br /> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+301C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">〜</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/%E3%80%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="〜">WAVE DASH</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This page uses notation for orthographic or other linguistic analysis.</b> For the meaning of how <span class="nowrap"><code>⟨ ⟩</code>, <code>| |</code>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><code>/ /</code>, and <code>[ ]</code></span> <span class="nowrap">are used here,</span> see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">this page</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b>tilde</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, also <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">grapheme</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨<b>˜</b>⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨<b>~</b>⟩</span> with a number of uses. The name of the character came into <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <i lang="es"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tilde#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:tilde">tilde</a></i>, which in turn came from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/titulus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:titulus">titulus</a></i>, meaning 'title' or 'superscription'.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its primary use is as a <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a> (accent) in combination with a base letter. Its freestanding form is used in modern texts mainly to indicate <a href="/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation">approximation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_by_medieval_scribes">Use by medieval scribes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use by medieval scribes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tilde was originally one of a variety of marks written over an omitted letter or several letters as a <a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">scribal abbreviation</a> (a "mark of contraction").<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the commonly used words <i><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i> were frequently abbreviated to <i>A<sup>o</sup> Dñi</i>, with an elevated terminal with a contraction mark placed over the "n". Such a mark could denote the omission of one letter or several letters. This saved on the expense of the scribe's labor and the cost of vellum and ink. Medieval European charters written in Latin are largely made up of such abbreviated words with contraction marks and other abbreviations; only uncommon words were given in full. </p><p>The text of the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> of 1086, relating for example, to the <a href="/wiki/Manor_of_Molland" title="Manor of Molland">manor of Molland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> (see adjacent picture), is highly <a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">abbreviated</a> as indicated by numerous tildes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_of_Exeter_Domesday_Book_of_1086.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Text_of_Exeter_Domesday_Book_of_1086.jpg/300px-Text_of_Exeter_Domesday_Book_of_1086.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Text_of_Exeter_Domesday_Book_of_1086.jpg/450px-Text_of_Exeter_Domesday_Book_of_1086.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Text_of_Exeter_Domesday_Book_of_1086.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Text of Exeter <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> of 1086</figcaption></figure> <p>The text with abbreviations expanded is as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Mollande tempore regis Eduardi geldabat pro quattuor hidis et uno ferling. Terra est quadraginta carucae. In dominio sunt tres carucae et decem servi et triginta villani et viginti bordarii cum sedecim carucis. Ibi duodecim acrae prati et quindecim acrae silvae. Pastura tres leugae in longitudine et latitudine. Reddit quattuor et viginti libras ad pensam. Huic manerio est adjuncta Blachepole. Elwardus tenebat tempore regis Edwardi pro manerio et geldabat pro dimidia hida. Terra est duae carucae. Ibi sunt quinque villani cum uno servo. Valet viginti solidos ad pensam et arsuram. Eidem manerio est injuste adjuncta Nimete et valet quindecim solidos. Ipsi manerio pertinet tercius denarius de Hundredis Nortmoltone et Badentone et Brantone et tercium animal pasturae morarum.</i></span></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_mechanical_typewriters">Role of mechanical typewriters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role of mechanical typewriters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Dead_key" title="Dead key">Dead key</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olivetti_Lettera_32.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Olivetti_Lettera_32.JPG/220px-Olivetti_Lettera_32.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Olivetti_Lettera_32.JPG/330px-Olivetti_Lettera_32.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Olivetti_Lettera_32.JPG/440px-Olivetti_Lettera_32.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Olivetti_Lettera_32" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivetti Lettera 32">Olivetti Lettera 32</a> typewriter (Portuguese Model) with tilde (and circumflex) dead-key beside <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ç</kbd> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idazmakina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Idazmakina.jpg/220px-Idazmakina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Idazmakina.jpg/330px-Idazmakina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Idazmakina.jpg/440px-Idazmakina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Spanish typewriter (QWERTY keyboard) with dead keys for acute, circumflex, diaeresis and grave accents. Ñ/ñ is present as a precomposed character only.</figcaption></figure> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriters</a> designed for languages that routinely use <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a> (accent marks), there are two possible solutions. Keys can be dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">precomposed characters</a> or alternatively a <a href="/wiki/Dead_key" title="Dead key">dead key</a> mechanism can be provided. With the latter, a mark is made when a dead key is typed, but unlike normal keys, the paper carriage does not move on and thus the next letter to be typed is printed under that accent. Typewriters for <a href="/wiki/Spanish_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish (language)">Spanish</a> typically have a dedicated key for <a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">Ñ</a>/ñ but, as <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese (language)">Portuguese</a> uses <a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">Ã</a>/ã and <a href="/wiki/%C3%95" title="Õ">Õ</a>/õ, a single dead-key (rather than take two keys to dedicate) is the most practical solution. </p><p>The tilde symbol did not exist independently as a <a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">movable type</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting" title="Hot metal typesetting">hot-lead</a> printing character since the <a href="/wiki/Type_case" title="Type case">type cases</a> for Spanish or Portuguese would include <a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">sorts</a> for the accented forms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_centralized_ASCII_tilde">The centralized ASCII tilde <span class="anchor" id="ASCII_tilde_(U+007E)"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The centralized ASCII tilde"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right" cellpadding="2px" border="0" style="margin-left:2em"> <tbody><tr> <td align="right">Serif: </td> <td style="font-size:large; font-family:serif">—~— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">Sans-serif: </td> <td style="font-size:large; font-family:sans-serif">—~— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">Monospace: </td> <td style="font-size:large; font-family:monospace">—~— </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:small">A free-standing tilde between two em dashes<br />in three font families </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> standard (X3.64-1963) did not have a tilde.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 246">: 246 </span></sup> Like Portuguese and Spanish, the French, German and Scandinavian languages also needed symbols in excess of the basic 26 needed for English. The <a href="/wiki/American_Standards_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="American Standards Association">ASA</a> worked with and through the <a href="/wiki/CCITT" class="mw-redirect" title="CCITT">CCITT</a> to internationalize the code-set, to meet the basic needs of at least the Western European languages. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It appears to have been at their May 13–15, 1963 meeting that the CCITT decided that the proposed ISO 7-bit code standard would be suitable for their needs if a lower case alphabet and five diacritical marks [...] were added to it.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the October 29–31 meeting, then, the ISO subcommittee altered the ISO draft to meet the CCITT requirements, replacing the up-arrow and left-arrow with diacriticals, adding diacritical meanings to the apostrophe and quotation mark, and making the <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a> a dual<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the tilde.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Yucca's free information site (which cites the original sources).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Thus ISO<span class="nowrap"> </span>646 was born (and the ASCII standard updated to X3.64-1967), providing the tilde and other symbols as optional characters.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 247">: 247 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ISO<span class="nowrap"> </span>646 and ASCII incorporated many of the overprinting lower-case diacritics from typewriters, including tilde. Overprinting was intended to work by putting a <a href="/wiki/Backspace" title="Backspace">backspace</a> code between the codes for letter and diacritic.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">However even at that time, mechanisms that could do this or any other overprinting were not widely available, did not work for capital letters, and were impossible on video displays, with the result that this concept failed to gain significant acceptance. Consequently, many of these free-standing diacritics (and the <a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a>) were quickly reused by software as additional syntax, basically becoming new types of syntactic symbols that a programming language could use. As this usage became predominant, <a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">type design</a> gradually evolved so these diacritic characters became larger and more vertically centered, making them useless as overprinted diacritics but much easier to read as free-standing characters that had come to be used for entirely different and novel purposes. Most modern fonts align the plain ASCII "<a href="/wiki/Spacing_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacing character">spacing</a>" (free-standing) tilde at the same level as <a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dashes</a>, or only slightly higher.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The free-standing tilde is at code 126 in ASCII, where it was inherited into Unicode as U+007E. </p><p>A similar shaped mark (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">⁓</span>) is known in typography and <a href="/wiki/Lexicography" title="Lexicography">lexicography</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Swung_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Swung dash">swung dash</a>: these are used in dictionaries to indicate the omission of the entry word.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connection_to_Spanish">Connection to Spanish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Connection to Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">Ñ</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logotipo_del_Instituto_Cervantes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Logotipo_del_Instituto_Cervantes.svg/220px-Logotipo_del_Instituto_Cervantes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Logotipo_del_Instituto_Cervantes.svg/330px-Logotipo_del_Instituto_Cervantes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Logotipo_del_Instituto_Cervantes.svg/440px-Logotipo_del_Instituto_Cervantes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the Instituto Cervantes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_de_CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol_(2010-2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Logo_de_CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol_%282010-2015%29.svg/220px-Logo_de_CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol_%282010-2015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Logo_de_CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol_%282010-2015%29.svg/330px-Logo_de_CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol_%282010-2015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Logo_de_CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol_%282010-2015%29.svg/440px-Logo_de_CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol_%282010-2015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Logo of CNN en Español</figcaption></figure> <p>As indicated by the etymological origin of the word "tilde" in English, this symbol has been closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a>. The connection stems from the use of the tilde above the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> to form the (different) letter <span class="nowrap">⟨ñ⟩</span> in Spanish, a feature shared by only <a href="#Palatal_n">a few other languages</a>, most of which are historically connected to Spanish. This peculiarity can help non-native speakers quickly identify a text as being written in Spanish with little chance of error. Particularly during the 1990s, Spanish-speaking intellectuals and news outlets demonstrated support for the language and the culture by defending this letter against <a href="/wiki/Globalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalisation">globalisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computerisation</a> trends that threatened to remove it from keyboards and other standardised products and codes.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Spanish_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish government">Spain's government</a> to promote the Spanish language internationally, chose as its logo a highly stylised <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">Ñ</span> with a large tilde. The 24-hour news channel <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> in the US later adopted a similar strategy on its existing logo for the launch of its <a href="/wiki/CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="CNN en Español">Spanish-language version</a>, therefore being written as CN͠N. And similarly to the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA), the <a href="/wiki/Spain_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Spain men's national basketball team">Spain men's national basketball team</a> is nicknamed "ÑBA". </p><p>In Spanish itself the word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tilde</i></span> is used more generally for diacritics, including the stress-marking acute accent.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diacritic <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">~</span> is more commonly called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">virgulilla</i></span> or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">la tilde de la eñe</i></span>, and is not considered an accent mark in Spanish, but rather simply a part of the letter <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">ñ</span> (much like <a href="/wiki/Tittle" title="Tittle">the dot</a> over <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">ı</span> makes an <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">i</span> character that is familiar to readers of English). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letters_with_tilde">Letters with tilde<span class="anchor" id="Letters_with_tilde"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Letters with tilde"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unicode encodes a number of cases of "letter with tilde" as <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">precomposed characters</a> and these are displayed below. In addition, many more symbols may be composed using the <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining character</a> facility (<span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0303</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̃</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">COMBINING TILDE</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0330</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̰</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">COMBINING TILDE BELOW</a></span> and others) that may be used with any letter or other diacritic to create a customised symbol but this does not mean that the result has any real-world application and are not shown in the table. </p> <div class="nounderlines" style="font-size:160%; padding:.3em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral, #fafafa); clear:both; color:var(--color-base, black);"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tilde <big><span style="font-family: serif">◌̃</span></big><span class="nowrap">   </span><br /><b>Latin</b>:<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">Ã ã</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẵ">Ẵ ẵ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẫ">Ẫ ẫ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵬ">ᵬ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵭ">ᵭ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%BC" title="Ẽ">Ẽ ẽ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Ễ">Ễ ễ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḛ">Ḛ ḛ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵮ">ᵮ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĩ">Ĩ ĩ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḭ">Ḭ ḭ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɫ">ɫ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B5%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᵯ (page does not exist)">ᵯ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">Ñ ñ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B5%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᵰ (page does not exist)">ᵰ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%95" title="Õ">Õ õ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ỗ">Ỗ ỗ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ỡ">Ỡ ỡ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṍ">Ṍ ṍ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṏ">Ṏ ṏ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȭ">Ȭ ȭ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵱ">ᵱ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵳ">ᵳ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B5%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᵲ (page does not exist)">ᵲ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AD%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꭨ (page does not exist)">ꭨ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵴ">ᵴ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B5" title="ᵵ">ᵵ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ũ">Ũ ũ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ữ">Ữ ữ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṹ">Ṹ ṹ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṵ">Ṵ ṵ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṽ">Ṽ ṽ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ỹ">Ỹ ỹ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵶ">ᵶ</a></li></ul></div> </div> <p>A tilde diacritic can be added to almost any character by using a <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining</a> tilde. Greek and Cyrillic letters with tilde (<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CD%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Α͂">Α͂ ᾶ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%97%CD%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Η͂">Η͂ ῆ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CD%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι͂">Ι͂ ῖ</a>, ῗ, <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CD%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Υ͂">Υ͂ ῦ</a>, ῧ and <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%CC%83" class="mw-redirect" title="А̃">А̃ а̃</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%CC%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ә̃">Ә̃ ә̃</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%CC%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Е̃">Е̃ е̃</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%CC%83" class="mw-redirect" title="И̃">И̃ и̃</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%CC%83" class="mw-redirect" title="О̃">О̃ о̃</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%CC%83" class="mw-redirect" title="У̃">У̃ у̃</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%88%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ј̃ (page does not exist)">Ј̃ j̃</a>) are formed using this method. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_use_in_English">Common use in English<span class="anchor" id="Common_use"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Common use in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> does not use the tilde as a diacritic, though it is used in some <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a>. The standalone form of the symbol is used more widely. Informally,<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram_tilde-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it means <a href="/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation">"approximately"</a>, "about", or "around", such as "~30 minutes before", meaning "<i>approximately</i> 30 minutes before".<sup id="cite_ref-bymath1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bymath1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may also mean "similar to",<sup id="cite_ref-htmlhelp1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-htmlhelp1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including "of the same <a href="/wiki/Order_of_magnitude" title="Order of magnitude">order of magnitude</a> as",<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram_tilde-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as "<span class="texhtml"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> ~ <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></span>" meaning that <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> and <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span> are of the same order of magnitude. Another approximation symbol is the <a href="/wiki/Approximation#Mathematics" title="Approximation">double tilde</a> <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">≈</span>, meaning "approximately/almost equal to".<sup id="cite_ref-bymath1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bymath1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-htmlhelp1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-htmlhelp1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tilde is also used to indicate <a href="/wiki/Congruence_(geometry)" title="Congruence (geometry)">congruence</a> of shapes by placing it over an <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">=</span> symbol, thus <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">≅</span>. </p><p>In more recent digital usage, tildes on either side of a word or phrase have sometimes come to convey a particular tone that "let[s] the enclosed words perform both sincerity and irony", which can pre-emptively defuse a negative reaction.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed</a> journalist Joseph Bernstein interprets the tildes in the following <a href="/wiki/Twitter#Tweets" title="Twitter">tweet</a>: </p> <dl><dd>"in the ~ spirit of the season ~ will now link to some of the (imho) #Bestof2014 sports reads. if you hate nice things, mute that hashtag."</dd></dl> <p>as a way of making it clear that both the author and reader are aware that the enclosed phrase – "spirit of the season" – "is cliche and we know this quality is beneath our author, and we don't want you to think our author is a cliche person generally".<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among other uses, the symbol has been used on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> to <a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">indicate sarcasm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may also be used online, especially in informal writing such as <a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">fanfiction</a>, to convey a cutesy, playful, or flirtatious tone.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diacritical_use">Diacritical use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Diacritical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some languages, the tilde is a <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a> mark placed over a <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a> to indicate a change in its pronunciation: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pitch">Pitch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pitch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tilde was firstly used in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">polytonic orthography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>, as a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a>, representing a rise in <a href="/wiki/Pitch_accent" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch accent">pitch</a> followed by a return to standard pitch.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abbreviation">Abbreviation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Abbreviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hic_Fabricatur_Naves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Hic_Fabricatur_Naves.jpg/220px-Hic_Fabricatur_Naves.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Hic_Fabricatur_Naves.jpg/330px-Hic_Fabricatur_Naves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Hic_Fabricatur_Naves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Carta_marina" title="Carta marina">Carta marina</a></i> showing Finnish economy, with the captions <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Hic fabricantur naves</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Hic fabricantur <a href="/wiki/Bombard_(weapon)" title="Bombard (weapon)">bombarde</a></i></span> abbreviated</figcaption></figure> <p>Later, it was used to make <a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">abbreviations</a> in medieval <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> documents. When an <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> followed a vowel, it was often omitted, and a tilde (physically, a small <span class="nowrap">⟨N⟩</span>) was placed over the preceding vowel to indicate the missing letter; this is the origin of the use of tilde to indicate nasalization (compare <a href="/wiki/Umlaut_(diacritic)#Umlaut_history" title="Umlaut (diacritic)">the development of the umlaut</a> as an abbreviation of <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span>.) The practice of using the tilde over a vowel to indicate omission of an <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> continued in printed books in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> as a means of reducing text length until the 17th century. It was also used in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The tilde was also used occasionally to make other abbreviations, such as over the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨q⟩</span>, making <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">q̃</span>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/q%CC%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:q̃">to signify the word <i>que</i></a> ("that").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nasalization">Nasalization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nasalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is also as a small <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> that the tilde originated when written above other letters, marking a <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> which had been <a href="/wiki/Elision" title="Elision">elided</a> in old Galician-Portuguese. In modern <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> it indicates <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalization</a> of the base vowel: <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">mão</i></span> "hand", from Lat. <i>manu-</i>; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">razões</i></span> "reasons", from Lat. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rationes</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This usage has been adopted in the orthographies of several <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">native languages of South America</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="Guarani language">Guarani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nheengatu_language" title="Nheengatu language">Nheengatu</a>, as well as in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA) and many other phonetic alphabets. For example, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ljɔ̃]</span> is the IPA transcription of the pronunciation of the French place-name <i><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>, the symbol <span class="nowrap">⟨ñ⟩</span> after a vowel means that the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> serves only to give the vowel a nasalised pronunciation, without being itself pronounced, as it normally is. For example, <span class="nowrap">⟨an⟩</span> gives the pronunciation <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ãn]</span> whereas <span class="nowrap">⟨añ⟩</span> gives <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ã]</span>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Morgenl%C3%A4ndische_Gesellschaft" title="Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft">DMG</a> romanization of <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian Arabic</a>, the tilde is used for nasal vowels õ and ṏ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palatal_n">Palatal n</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Palatal n"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">Ñ</a></div> <p>The tilded <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> (<span class="nowrap">⟨ñ⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨Ñ⟩</span>) developed from the digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨nn⟩</span> in Spanish. In this language, <span class="nowrap">⟨ñ⟩</span> is considered a separate letter called <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">eñe</a></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈeɲe]</a></span>), rather than a letter-diacritic combination; it is placed in Spanish dictionaries between the letters <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨o⟩</span>. In Spanish, the word <i>tilde</i> actually refers to diacritics in general, e.g. the acute accent in <i>José</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the diacritic in <span class="nowrap">⟨ñ⟩</span> is called "virgulilla" (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[birɣuˈliʝa]</a></span>) (<a href="/wiki/Ye%C3%ADsta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeísta">yeísta</a>) or (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[birɣuˈliʎa]</a></span>) (non-yeísta). <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Current languages in which the tilded <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> (<span class="nowrap">⟨ñ⟩</span>) is used for the <a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal">palatal nasal</a> consonant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɲ/</span> include </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Guaraní language">Guaraní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_language" title="Iñupiaq language">Iñupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapudungun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapudungun">Mapudungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechua_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua languages">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetum_language" title="Tetum language">Tetum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolof_language" title="Wolof language">Wolof</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tone">Tone</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>, a tilde over a vowel represents a creaky rising <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a> (<i>ngã</i>). Letters with the tilde are not considered separate letters of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: International Phonetic Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tilde" title="Special:EditPage/Tilde">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetics</a>, a tilde is used as a <a href="/wiki/IPA_diacritics" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA diacritics">diacritic that is placed</a> above a letter, below it or <a href="/wiki/Superimpose" class="mw-redirect" title="Superimpose">superimposed</a> onto the middle of it: </p> <ul><li>A tilde above a letter indicates <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalization</a>, e.g. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ã],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ṽ]</span>.</li> <li>A tilde superimposed onto the middle of a letter indicates <a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">velarization</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">pharyngealization</a>, e.g. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ],<span class="wrap"> </span>[z̴]</span>. If no precomposed <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> character exists, the Unicode character <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0334</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̴</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY</span> can be used to generate one.</li> <li>A tilde below a letter indicates <a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">laryngealisation</a>, e.g. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d̰]</span>. If no precomposed Unicode character exists, the Unicode character <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0330</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̰</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING TILDE BELOW</span> can be used to generate one.</li></ul> <p>A tilde between two <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a> indicates optionality, or "alternates with". E.g. ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ɕ ~ ʃ</span>⟩ could indicate that the sounds may alternate depending on context (<a href="/wiki/Free_variation" title="Free variation">free variation</a>), or that they vary based on region or speaker, or some other variation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Letter_extension">Letter extension</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Letter extension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>, the symbol <span class="nowrap">⟨õ⟩</span> stands for the <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">close-mid back unrounded vowel</a>, and it is considered an independent letter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_Usage">Modern Usage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Modern Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In modern <a href="/wiki/Internet_slang" title="Internet slang">internet slang</a>, the tilde can be used to signify endearment or love, i.e. "Hello master~". It is commonly used in the <a href="/wiki/Furry_fandom" title="Furry fandom">furry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Femboy" title="Femboy">femboy</a> communities and can also be used as a diminutive, akin to adding the "ee" sound to the end of a word.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some languages and alphabets use the tilde for other purposes, such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>: A symbol resembling the tilde (<span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0653</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ـٓ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics#Maddah" title="Arabic diacritics">ARABIC MADDAH ABOVE</a></span>) is used over the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨ا⟩</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span>) to become <big><span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/%D8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="آ">آ</a>⟩</span></big>, denoting a long <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔaː/</span> sound.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Guaraní language">Guaraní</a>: The tilded <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/G%CC%83" title="G̃">G̃</a>⟩</span> (note that <span class="nowrap">⟨G/g⟩</span> with tilde is not available as a precomposed glyph in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>) stands for the <a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal">velar nasal</a> consonant. Also, the tilded <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> (<span class="nowrap">⟨Ỹ⟩</span>) stands for the nasalized upper central rounded vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɨ̃]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Munduruku_language" title="Munduruku language">Munduruku</a>, Parintintín, and two older spellings of Filipino words also use <span class="nowrap">⟨g̃⟩</span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac script">Syriac script</a>: A tilde (~) under the letter <i><a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">Kaph</a></i> represents a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t͡ʃ]</span> sound, transliterated as <i>ch</i> or <i>č</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_phonology" title="Estonian phonology">Estonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ro_language" title="Võro language">Võro</a> use the tilde above the letter o (<b>õ</b>) to indicate the vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɤ]</span>, a rare sound among languages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining</a> vertical tilde character: <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+033E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̾</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING VERTICAL TILDE</span>. It is used to indicate <a href="/wiki/Tone_accent" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone accent">middle tone</a> in linguistic transcription of certain dialects of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian language</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was also used historically in the letter <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%CC%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Х̾">х̾</a>, which was part of the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Polish" title="Cyrillization of Polish">Polish Cyrillic alphabet</a> of the late 19th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrecci%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Azkue" title="Resurrección María de Azkue">Resurrección María de Azkue</a>'s 1906 Basque dictionary used an idiosyncratic spelling including <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">ã</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D̃ (page does not exist)">d̃</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%BC" title="Ẽ">ẽ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĩ">ĩ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L̃ (page does not exist)">l̃</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">ñ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%95" title="Õ">õ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S̃ (page does not exist)">s̃</a> <a href="/wiki/T%CC%83" class="mw-redirect" title="T̃">t̃</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ũ">ũ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=X%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X̃ (page does not exist)">x̃</a>⟩</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Azkue_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azkue-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tilde is used in various ways in punctuation, including: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Range">Range</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some languages (such as in French),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> a tilde or a tilde-like <a href="/wiki/Wave_dash" title="Wave dash">wave dash</a> (Unicode: <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+301C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">〜</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">WAVE DASH</span>) may be used as a <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> mark (instead of an unspaced <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a>, <a href="/wiki/En_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="En dash">en dash</a> or <a href="/wiki/Em_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Em dash">em dash</a>) between two <a href="/wiki/Number" title="Number">numbers</a>, to indicate a <a href="/wiki/Interval_(mathematics)" title="Interval (mathematics)">range</a>. Doing so avoids the risk of confusion with <a href="/wiki/Subtraction" title="Subtraction">subtraction</a> or a hyphenated number (such as a part number or model number). For example, "12~15" means "12 to 15", "~3" means "up to three", and "100~" means "100 and greater".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_East_Asia" title="Languages of East Asia">East Asian languages</a> almost always use this convention, but it is sometimes done for clarity in some other languages as well. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> uses the wave dash and <a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">full-width</a> em dash interchangeably for this purpose. In English, the tilde is often used to express ranges and model numbers in <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>, but rarely in formal grammar or in type-set documents, as a wavy dash preceding a number sometimes represents an approximation (see below). </p><p>The <b>range tilde</b> is used for various purposes in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, but only to denote ranges of numbers (e.g., <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">« 21~32 degrés Celsius »</i></span>" means "21 to 32 degrees Celsius")<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>(The symbol <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2248</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">≈</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ALMOST EQUAL TO</span> (a <a href="/wiki/Double_tilde_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Double tilde (disambiguation)">double tilde</a>) is also used in French, for example, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">« ≈400 mètres »</i></span> means "approximately 400 meters"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Approximation">Approximation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Approximation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation">Approximation</a></div> <p>Before a number the tilde can mean 'approximately'; '~42' means 'approximately 42'.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When used with <a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">currency symbols</a> that precede the number (national conventions differ), the tilde precedes the symbol, thus for example '~$10' means 'about ten dollars'.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Not a reliable source (February 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The symbols <big>≈</big> (almost equal to) and <big>≅</big> (approximately equal to) are among the other <a href="/wiki/Approximation#Unicode" title="Approximation">symbols used to express approximation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese">Japanese</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation#Wave_dash" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation § Wave dash</a></div> <p>The <b>wave dash</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">波ダッシュ</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nami dasshu</i></span>)</span> is used for various purposes in Japanese, including to denote ranges of numbers (e.g., <i>5〜10</i> means between 5 and 10) in place of dashes or brackets, and to indicate origin. The wave dash is also used to separate a title and a subtitle in the same line, as a <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> is used in English. </p><p>When used in conversations via email or instant messenger it may be used as a <a href="/wiki/Sarcasm_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcasm mark">sarcasm mark</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>The sign is used as a replacement for the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu" title="Chōonpu">chōon</a></i></span>, katakana character, in Japanese, extending the final syllable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Unicode_and_Shift_JIS_encoding_of_wave_dash">Unicode and Shift JIS encoding of wave dash</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Unicode and Shift JIS encoding of wave dash"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wave_Dash.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Correct JIS wave dash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wave_Dash.svg/100px-Wave_Dash.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wave_Dash.svg/150px-Wave_Dash.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wave_Dash.svg/200px-Wave_Dash.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Correct JIS wave dash, current in Unicode</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wave_Dash2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Previous Unicode wave dash (incorrect)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wave_Dash2.svg/100px-Wave_Dash2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wave_Dash2.svg/150px-Wave_Dash2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wave_Dash2.svg/200px-Wave_Dash2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Previous Unicode wave dash (incorrect)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In practice the full-width tilde<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">全角チルダ</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">zenkaku chiruda</i></span>)</span> (Unicode <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FF5E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">～</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FULLWIDTH TILDE</span>), is often used instead of the wave dash<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">波ダッシュ</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nami dasshu</i></span>)</span> (Unicode <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+301C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">〜</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">WAVE DASH</span>), because the <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a> code for the wave dash, 0x8160, which should be mapped to U+301C,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is instead mapped to U+FF5E<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)">Windows code page 932</a> (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">code page</a> for Japanese), a widely used extension of Shift JIS. </p><p>This decision avoided a shape definition error in the original (6.2) Unicode code charts:<sup id="cite_ref-U6.2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U6.2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the wave dash reference glyph in JIS / Shift JIS<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jisplane1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jisplane1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> matches the Unicode reference glyph for U+FF5E <span style="font-size:90%;">FULLWIDTH TILDE</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the original reference glyph for U+301C<sup id="cite_ref-U6.2_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U6.2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was reflected, incorrectly,<sup id="cite_ref-errata8_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-errata8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Unicode imported the JIS wave dash. In other platforms such as the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, 0x8160 is correctly mapped to U+301C. It is generally difficult, if not impossible, for users of Japanese Windows to type U+301C, especially in legacy, non-Unicode applications. </p><p>A similar situation exists regarding the Korean <a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a> character set, in which Microsoft maps the <a href="/wiki/EUC-KR" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-KR">EUC-KR</a> or <a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">UHC</a> code for the wave dash (0xA1AD) to <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+223C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∼</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TILDE OPERATOR</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mskrtilde_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mskrtilde-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple,_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple, Inc">Apple</a> map it to U+301C.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-applekrtilde_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-applekrtilde-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft also uses U+FF5E to map the KS X 1001 raised tilde (0xA2A6),<sup id="cite_ref-mskrtilde_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mskrtilde-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Apple uses <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02DC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">˜</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SMALL TILDE</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-applekrtilde_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-applekrtilde-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current Unicode reference glyph for U+301C has been corrected<sup id="cite_ref-errata8_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-errata8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to match the JIS standard<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in response to a 2014 proposal, which noted that while the existing Unicode reference glyph had been matched by fonts from the discontinued <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>, all other major platforms including later versions of Microsoft Windows shipped with fonts matching the JIS reference glyph for U+301C.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The JIS / Shift JIS wave dash is still formally mapped to U+301C as of <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> Encoding Standard used by <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> follows Microsoft in mapping 0x8160 to U+FF5E.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two code points have a similar or identical glyph in several fonts, reducing the confusion and incompatibility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics">Mathematics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="As_a_unary_operator">As a unary operator</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: As a unary operator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A tilde in front of a single quantity can mean "approximately", "about"<sup id="cite_ref-bymath1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bymath1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "of the same <a href="/wiki/Order_of_magnitude" title="Order of magnitude">order of magnitude</a> as." </p><p>In written <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_logic" title="Mathematical logic">mathematical logic</a>, the tilde represents <a href="/wiki/Negation" title="Negation">negation</a>: "~<i>p</i>" means "not <i>p</i>", where "<i>p</i>" is a <a href="/wiki/Proposition" title="Proposition">proposition</a>. Modern use often replaces the tilde with the negation symbol (¬) for this purpose, to avoid confusion with <a href="/wiki/Equivalence_relation" title="Equivalence relation">equivalence relations</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="As_a_relational_operator">As a relational operator</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: As a relational operator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, the tilde operator (which can be represented by a tilde or the dedicated character <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+223C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∼</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TILDE OPERATOR</span>), sometimes called "twiddle", is often used to denote an <a href="/wiki/Equivalence_relation" title="Equivalence relation">equivalence relation</a> between two objects. Thus "<span class="texhtml"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> ~ <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></span>" means "<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> is <a href="/wiki/Equivalence_relation" title="Equivalence relation">equivalent</a> to <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span>". It is a weaker statement than stating that <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> <a href="/wiki/Equality_(mathematics)" title="Equality (mathematics)">equals</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span>. The expression "<span class="texhtml"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> ~ <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></span>" is sometimes read aloud as "<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> twiddles <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span>", perhaps as an analogue to the verbal expression of "<span class="texhtml"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> = <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tilde can indicate approximate equality in a variety of ways. It can be used to denote the <a href="/wiki/Asymptotic_analysis" title="Asymptotic analysis">asymptotic equality</a> of two functions. For example, <span class="texhtml"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span> (<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span>) ~ <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">g</span>(<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span>)</span> means that <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to \infty }{\frac {f(x)}{g(x)}}=1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to \infty }{\frac {f(x)}{g(x)}}=1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6459b4847a11f5183c796d7eef6062138f50da69" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:14.128ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{x\to \infty }{\frac {f(x)}{g(x)}}=1}"></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram_tilde-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A tilde is also used to indicate "<a href="/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation">approximately</a> equal to" (e.g. 1.902 ~= 2). This usage probably developed as a typed alternative to the <a href="/wiki/File:Libra.svg" title="File:Libra.svg">libra symbol</a> used for the same purpose in written mathematics, which is an equal sign with the upper bar replaced by a bar with an upward hump, bump, or loop in the middle (︍︍♎︎) or, sometimes, a tilde (≃).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The symbol "≈" is also used for this purpose. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, a tilde can be used between two expressions (e.g. <span class="texhtml"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">h</span> ~ 10<sup>−34</sup> J s</span>) to state that the two are of the same <a href="/wiki/Order_of_magnitude" title="Order of magnitude">order of magnitude</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram_tilde-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Probability_theory" title="Probability theory">probability theory</a>, the tilde means "is distributed as";<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram_tilde-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> see <a href="/wiki/Random_variable" title="Random variable">random variable</a>(e.g. X ~ B(n,p) for a binomial distribution). </p><p>A tilde can also be used to represent geometric <a href="/wiki/Similarity_(geometry)" title="Similarity (geometry)">similarity</a> (e.g. <span class="texhtml">∆<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">ABC</span> ~ ∆<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">DEF</span></span>, meaning <a href="/wiki/Triangle" title="Triangle">triangle</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">ABC</span> is similar to <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">DEF</span>). A triple tilde (<b>≋</b>) is often used to show <a href="/wiki/Congruence_(geometry)" title="Congruence (geometry)">congruence</a>, an equivalence relation in geometry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Graph_theory" title="Graph theory">graph theory</a>, the tilde can be used to represent adjacency between vertices. The edge <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x,y)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x,y)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/41cf50e4a314ca8e2c30964baa8d26e5be7a9386" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.328ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x,y)}"></span> connects vertices <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}"></span> which can be said to be adjacent, and this adjacency can be denoted <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\sim y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∼</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\sim y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bbd1014d850b7c883eb76301dd58c643e3c7e4eb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.584ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\sim y}"></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="As_a_diacritic">As a diacritic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: As a diacritic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The symbol "<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f6cb99679a4b79cb5ca3c242811bd91220c91f2e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.699ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}}"></span>" is pronounced as "eff tilde" or, informally, as "eff twiddle".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be used to denote the <a href="/wiki/Fourier_transform" title="Fourier transform">Fourier transform</a> of <i>f</i>, or a <a href="/wiki/Lift_(mathematics)" title="Lift (mathematics)">lift</a> of <i>f</i>, and can have a variety of other meanings depending on the context. </p><p>A tilde placed below a letter in mathematics can represent a <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_vector" title="Euclidean vector">vector</a> quantity (e.g. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x_{1},x_{2},x_{3},\ldots ,x_{n})={\underset {^{\sim }}{\mathbf {x} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∼</mo> </mrow> </msup> </munder> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x_{1},x_{2},x_{3},\ldots ,x_{n})={\underset {^{\sim }}{\mathbf {x} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5de2ffb491fa88d2974445d3c1ce4368e03d2bc7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:23.265ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x_{1},x_{2},x_{3},\ldots ,x_{n})={\underset {^{\sim }}{\mathbf {x} }}}"></span>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Probability_theory" title="Probability theory">probability theory</a>, a tilde placed on top of a variable is sometimes used to represent the <a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">median</a> of that variable; thus <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {\mathbf {y} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">y</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {\mathbf {y} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/23775aafab5b3b95bf0bdca2fa06e6362b516b72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.411ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {\mathbf {y} }}}"></span> would indicate the median of the variable <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {y} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">y</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {y} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bb25a040b592282dc2a254c3117e792c3c81161f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.411ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {y} }"></span>. A tilde over the letter n (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {n}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {n}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/632ce72740d78d163f59e5812dab93f1d22ff2c7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {n}}}"></span>) is sometimes used to indicate the <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_mean" title="Harmonic mean">harmonic mean</a>. </p><p>In machine learning, a tilde may represent a candidate value for a cell state in <a href="/wiki/Gated_recurrent_unit" title="Gated recurrent unit">GRUs</a> or <a href="/wiki/LSTM" class="mw-redirect" title="LSTM">LSTM</a> units. (e.g. c̃) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physics">Physics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, one can consider an <a href="/wiki/Equilibrium_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrium solution">equilibrium solution</a> to an equation, and then a perturbation to that equilibrium. For the variables in the original equation (for instance <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}"></span>) a substitution <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X\to x+{\tilde {x}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X\to x+{\tilde {x}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c0eefb9461cc8b6279633b4b685f9fd539fc78ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:11.094ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X\to x+{\tilde {x}}}"></span> can be made, where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span> is the equilibrium part and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {x}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {x}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4f5c5435030c952a58a756e691ea64f60c1bd240" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {x}}}"></span> is the perturbed part. </p><p>A tilde is also used in <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physics</a> to denote the hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Supersymmetric" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersymmetric">supersymmetric</a> partner. For example, an <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> is referred to by the letter <i>e</i>, and its <a href="/wiki/Superpartner" title="Superpartner">superpartner</a> the <a href="/wiki/Selectron_(particle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Selectron (particle)">selectron</a> is written <i>ẽ</i>. </p><p>In multibody mechanics, the tilde operator maps three-dimensional vectors <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}\in \mathbb {R} ^{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}\in \mathbb {R} ^{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a91a22435f9cba0a4ff8cd335d43d54991be8717" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.242ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}\in \mathbb {R} ^{3}}"></span> to skew-symmetrical matrices <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {\boldsymbol {\omega }}}={\begin{bmatrix}0&-\omega _{3}&\omega _{2}\\\omega _{3}&0&-\omega _{1}\\-\omega _{2}&\omega _{1}&0\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {\boldsymbol {\omega }}}={\begin{bmatrix}0&-\omega _{3}&\omega _{2}\\\omega _{3}&0&-\omega _{1}\\-\omega _{2}&\omega _{1}&0\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/19d045f516077435a182dc325d1a3a16920c4985" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:26.189ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {\boldsymbol {\omega }}}={\begin{bmatrix}0&-\omega _{3}&\omega _{2}\\\omega _{3}&0&-\omega _{1}\\-\omega _{2}&\omega _{1}&0\end{bmatrix}}}"></span> (see <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For relations involving preference, <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economists</a> sometimes use the tilde to represent <a href="/wiki/Preference_(economics)#Notation" title="Preference (economics)">indifference</a> between two or more bundles of goods. For example, to say that a consumer is indifferent between bundles <i>x</i> and <i>y</i>, an economist would write <i>x</i> ~ <i>y</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronics">Electronics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Electronics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It can approximate the sine wave symbol (∿, <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">U+</a>223F), which is used in <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a> to indicate <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">alternating current</a>, in place of +, −, or ⎓ for <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">direct current</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguistics">Linguistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Linguistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tilde may indicate alternating <a href="/wiki/Allomorph" title="Allomorph">allomorphs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Morphophonology" title="Morphophonology">morphological alternation</a>, as in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">//ˈniː~ɛl+t//</span> for <i>kneel~knelt</i> (the <a href="/wiki/Plus_sign#Other_uses" class="mw-redirect" title="Plus sign">plus sign</a> '+' indicates a morpheme boundary).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tilde may represent some sort of phonetic or phonemic variation between two sounds, which might be <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophones</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Free_variation" title="Free variation">free variation</a>. For example, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>x]</span> can represent "either <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span>". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Formal_semantics_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Formal semantics (linguistics)">formal semantics</a>, it is also used as a notation for the <i><a href="/wiki/Squiggle_operator" title="Squiggle operator">squiggle operator</a></i> which plays a key role in many theories of <a href="/wiki/Focus_(linguistics)" title="Focus (linguistics)">focus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computing">Computing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Computing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Computer_programmers" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer programmers">Computer programmers</a> use the tilde in various ways and sometimes call the symbol (as opposed to the diacritic) a <b>squiggle</b>, <b>squiggly</b>, <b>swiggle</b>, or <b>twiddle</b>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Jargon_File" title="Jargon File">Jargon File</a>, other synonyms sometimes used in programming include <b>not</b>, <b>approx</b>, <b>wiggle</b>, <b>enyay</b> (after <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">eñe</a></i>) and (humorously) <b>sqiggle</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Directories_and_URLs">Directories and URLs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Directories and URLs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> (including <a href="/wiki/AIX" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX">AIX</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>), tilde normally indicates the current user's <a href="/wiki/Home_directory" title="Home directory">home directory</a>. For example, if the current user's home directory is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">/home/user</span>, then the command <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">cd ~</span> is equivalent to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">cd /home/user</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">cd $HOME</span>, or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">cd</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This convention derives from the <a href="/wiki/Lear-Siegler" class="mw-redirect" title="Lear-Siegler">Lear-Siegler</a> <a href="/wiki/ADM-3A" title="ADM-3A">ADM-3A</a> terminal in common use during the 1970s, which happened to have the tilde symbol and the word "Home" (for moving the cursor to the upper left) on the same key.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When prepended to a particular username, the tilde indicates that user's home directory (e.g., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">~janedoe</span> for the home directory of user <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">janedoe</span>, such as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">/home/janedoe</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Used in <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URLs</a> on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, it often denotes a personal website on a <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>-based server. For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">http://www.example.com/~johndoe/</span> might be the personal website of John Doe. This mimics the Unix shell usage of the tilde. However, when accessed from the web, file access is usually directed to a <a href="/wiki/Subdirectory" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdirectory">subdirectory</a> in the user's home directory, such as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">/home/<i>username</i>/public_html</span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">/home/<i>username</i>/www</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In URLs, the characters <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">%7E</span> (or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">%7e</span>) may substitute for a tilde if an input device lacks a tilde key.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">http://www.example.com/~johndoe/</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">http://www.example.com/%7Ejohndoe/</span> will behave in the same manner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Computer_languages">Computer languages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Computer languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tilde" title="Special:EditPage/Tilde">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tilde%22">"Tilde"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tilde%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tilde%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tilde%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tilde%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tilde%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Regex">Regex</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Regex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tilde is used in the <a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">AWK</a> <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> as part of the pattern match operators for <a href="/wiki/Regular_expression" title="Regular expression">regular expressions</a>: </p> <ul><li><code><i>variable</i> ~ /<i>regex</i>/</code> returns true if the variable is matched.</li> <li><code><i>variable</i> !~ /<i>regex</i>/</code> returns false if the variable is matched.</li></ul> <p>A variant of this, with the plain tilde replaced with <code>=~</code>, was adopted in <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, and this semi-standardization has led to the use of these operators in other programming languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Ruby_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby programming language">Ruby</a> or the <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> variant of the database <a href="/wiki/PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a> and <a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a>, tilde represents the monadic logical function NOT, and in APL it additionally represents the dyadic <a href="/wiki/Multiset" title="Multiset">multiset</a> function <i>without</i> (<a href="/wiki/Complement_(set_theory)#Relative_complement" title="Complement (set theory)">set difference</a>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> the tilde character is used as <a href="/wiki/Bitwise_NOT" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitwise NOT">bitwise NOT</a> unary <a href="/wiki/Operators_in_C_and_C%2B%2B" title="Operators in C and C++">operator</a>, following the notation in logic (an <code>!</code> causes a logical NOT, instead). This is also used by most languages based on or influenced by C, such as <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/D_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="D programming language">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL database</a> also use tilde as bitwise invert<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does Microsoft's SQL Server <a href="/wiki/Transact-SQL" title="Transact-SQL">Transact-SQL (T-SQL)</a> language. <span class="anchor" id="~~_cast"></span> <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> also uses tilde as bitwise NOT, and because JavaScript internally uses floats and the bitwise complement only works on integers, numbers are stripped of their decimal part before applying the operation. This has also given rise to using two tildes <code>~~x</code> as a short syntax for a cast to integer (numbers are stripped of their decimal part and changed into their complement, and then back). </p><p>In C++ and C#, the tilde is also used as the first character in a <a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class (computer science)">class</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Method_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Method (computer science)">method</a> name (where the rest of the name must be the same name as the class) to indicate a <a href="/wiki/Destructor_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Destructor (computer science)">destructor</a> – a special method which is called at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Object_lifetime" title="Object lifetime">object's life</a>. </p><p>In ASP.NET application tilde ('~') is used as a shortcut to the root of the application's virtual directory. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a> stylesheet language, the tilde is used for the indirect adjacent combinator as part of a selector. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/D_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="D programming language">D programming language</a>, the tilde is used as an <a href="/wiki/Array_data_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data structure">array</a> <a href="/wiki/Concatenation" title="Concatenation">concatenation</a> operator, as well as to indicate an object destructor and bitwise not operator. Tilde operator can be overloaded for user types, and binary tilde operator is mostly used to merging two objects, or adding some objects to set of objects. It was introduced because plus operator can have different meaning in many situations. For example, what to do with "120" + "14" ? Is this a string "134" (addition of two numbers), or "12014" (concatenation of strings) or something else? D disallows + operator for arrays (and strings), and provides separate operator for concatenation (similarly <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> programming language solved this problem by using dot operator for concatenation, and + for number addition, which will also work on strings containing numbers). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)" title="Eiffel (programming language)">Eiffel</a>, the tilde is used for object comparison. If <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> denote objects, the Boolean expression <i>a</i> ~ <i>b</i> has value true if and only if these objects are equal, as defined by the applicable version of the library routine <i>is_equal</i>, which by default denotes field-by-field object equality but can be redefined in any class to support a specific notion of equality. If <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> are references, the object equality expression <i>a</i> ~ <i>b</i> is to be contrasted with <i>a</i> = <i>b</i> which denotes reference equality. Unlike the call <i>a</i>.<i>is_equal</i> (<i>b</i>), the expression <i>a</i> ~ <i>b</i> is <a href="/wiki/Type_safety" title="Type safety">type-safe</a> even in the presence of <a href="/wiki/Covariance_and_contravariance_(computer_science)" title="Covariance and contravariance (computer science)">covariance</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groovy (programming language)">Apache Groovy programming language</a> the tilde character is used as an operator mapped to the bitwiseNegate() method.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given a String the method will produce a java.util.regex.Pattern. Given an integer it will negate the integer bitwise like in C. <code>=~</code> and <code>==~</code> can in Groovy be used to match a regular expression.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haskell (programming language)">Haskell</a>, the tilde is used in type constraints to indicate type equality.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, in pattern-matching, the tilde is used to indicate a lazy pattern match.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Inform" title="Inform">Inform</a> programming language, the tilde is used to indicate a quotation mark inside a quoted string. </p><p>In "text mode" of the <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> typesetting language a tilde diacritic can be obtained using, e.g., <code>\~{n}</code>, yielding "ñ". A stand-alone tilde can be obtained by using <code>\textasciitilde</code> or <code>\string~</code>. In "math mode" a tilde diacritic can be written as, e.g., <code>\tilde{x}</code>. For a wider tilde <code>\widetilde</code> can be used. The <code>\sim</code> command produce a tilde-like binary relation symbol that is often used in mathematical expressions, and the double-tilde <a href="/wiki/%E2%89%88" class="mw-redirect" title="≈">≈</a> is obtained with <code>\approx</code>. The <code>url</code> package also supports entering tildes directly, e.g., <code>\url{http://server/~name}</code>. In both text and math mode, a tilde on its own (<code>~</code>) renders a white space with no line breaking. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">syntax</a>, four tildes are used as a shortcut for a user's signature. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a>, the tilde is used as the prefix for format specifiers in format strings.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Max/MSP" class="mw-redirect" title="Max/MSP">Max/MSP</a>, a tilde is used to denote objects that process at the computer's sampling rate, i.e. mainly those that deal with sound. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML">Standard ML</a>, the tilde is used as the prefix for negative numbers and as the unary negation operator. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a>, the tilde is used to specify the label for a labeled parameter. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a>, the tilde operator is used to separate the left- and right-hand sides in a model formula.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Object_REXX" title="Object REXX">Object REXX</a>, the twiddle is used as a "message send" symbol. For example, <code>Employee.name~lower()</code> would cause the <code>lower()</code> method to act on the object <code>Employee</code>'s <code>name</code> attribute, returning the result of the operation. <code>~~</code> returns the object that received the method rather than the result produced. Thus it can be used when the result need not be returned or when cascading methods are to be used. <code>team~~insert("Jane")~~insert("Joe")~~insert("Steve")</code> would send multiple concurrent <code>insert</code> messages, thus invoking the <code>insert</code> method three consecutive times on the <code>team</code> object. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Raku_(programming_language)" title="Raku (programming language)">Raku</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">~~</code> is used instead of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">=~</code> for a <a href="/wiki/Regular_expression" title="Regular expression">regular expression</a>. Because the dot operator is used for member access instead of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-></code>, <a href="/wiki/Concatenation" title="Concatenation">concatenation</a> is done with a single tilde. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-raku mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">my</span> <span class="nv">$concatResult</span> = <span class="s">"Hello "</span> ~ <span class="s">"world!"</span>; <span class="nv">$concatResult</span> ~~<span class="sr"> /<|w><[A..Z]><[a..z]>*<|w>/</span>; <span class="nb">say</span> <span class="vg">$/</span>; <span class="c1"># outputs "Hello"</span> <span class="c1"># the $/ variable holds the last regex match result</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Keyboards">Keyboards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Keyboards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/QWERTY#Multilingual_variants" title="QWERTY">QWERTY § Multilingual variants</a></div> <p>The presence (or absence) of a tilde engraved on the keyboard depends on the territory where it was sold. In either case, computer's system settings determine the <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyboard mapping">keyboard mapping</a> and the default setting will match the engravings on the keys. Even so, it certainly possible to configure a keyboard for a different locale than that supplied by the retailer. On American and British keyboards, the tilde is a standard keytop and pressing it produces a free-standing "ASCII Tilde". To generate a letter with a tilde diacritic requires the <a href="/wiki/US_international" class="mw-redirect" title="US international">US international</a> or <a href="/wiki/UK_extended" class="mw-redirect" title="UK extended">UK extended</a> keyboard setting. </p> <ul><li>With US-international, the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">~</kbd> key is a <a href="/wiki/Dead_key" title="Dead key">dead key</a>: pressing that key and then a letter produces the tilde-accented form of that letter. (For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">~</kbd><span class="nowrap"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd> produces <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">ã</span>.) With this setting active, an ASCII tilde can be inserted with the dead key followed by the space bar, or alternatively by striking the dead key twice in a row.</li> <li>With UK-extended, the key works normally but becomes a 'dead key' when combined with <a href="/wiki/AltGr" class="mw-redirect" title="AltGr">AltGr</a>. Thus <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">AltGr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">#</kbd> followed by a letter produces the accented form of that letter.</li> <li>With a <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a> either of the Alt/<a href="/wiki/Option_key" title="Option key">Option</a> keys function similarly.</li> <li>With <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Compose_key" title="Compose key">compose key</a> facility is used.</li></ul> <p>Instructions for other national languages and keyboards are beyond the scope of this article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Backup_filenames">Backup filenames</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Backup filenames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dominant <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> convention for naming backup copies of files is appending a tilde to the original file name. It originated with the <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> text editor<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was adopted by many other editors and some command-line tools. </p><p>Emacs also introduced an elaborate numbered backup scheme, with files named <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">filename.~1~</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">filename.~2~</span> and so on. It didn't catch on, as the rise of <a href="/wiki/Version_control" title="Version control">version control</a> software eliminates the need for this usage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Microsoft_filenames">Microsoft filenames</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Microsoft filenames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tilde was part of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Filename_mangling" title="Filename mangling">filename mangling</a> scheme when it extended the <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> file system standard to support long filenames for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>. Programs written prior to this development could only access filenames in the so-called <a href="/wiki/8.3_filename" title="8.3 filename">8.3 format</a>—the filenames consisted of a maximum of eight characters from a restricted character set (e.g. no spaces), followed by a period, followed by three more characters. In order to permit these legacy programs to access files in the FAT file system, each file had to be given two names—one long, more descriptive one, and one that conformed to the 8.3 format. This was accomplished with a name-mangling scheme in which the first six characters of the filename are followed by a tilde and a digit. For example, "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Program Files</span>" might become "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">PROGRA~1</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tilde symbol is also often used to prefix hidden temporary files that are created when a document is opened in Windows.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title=""Often" qualification should be cited (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For example, when a document "Document1.doc" is opened in Word, a file called "~$cument1.doc" is created in the same directory. This file contains information about which user has the file open, to prevent multiple users from attempting to change a document at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juggling_notation">Juggling notation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Juggling notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Juggling_notation" title="Juggling notation">juggling notation</a> system Beatmap, tilde can be added to either "hand" in a pair of fields to say "cross the arms with this hand on top". <a href="/wiki/Mills%27_Mess" title="Mills' Mess">Mills' Mess</a> is thus represented as (~2x,1)(1,2x)(2x,~1)*.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">Circumflex</a> – Diacritic (^) in European scripts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caret_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caret (computing)">Caret (computing)</a> – Typographical mark (^)<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittle" title="Tittle">Tittle</a> – Diacritical mark, the dot of the letter i</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_tilde_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Double tilde (disambiguation)">Double tilde (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backtick" title="Backtick">Backtick</a> – Typographical mark (`) (Freestanding grave accent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_dash" title="Wave dash">Wave dash</a> – East Asian character primarily used to represent a range</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">alternative association for the same <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code point</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ISO<span class="nowrap"> </span>646 (and ASCII, which it includes) is a standard for 7-bit encoding, providing just 96 printable characters (and 32 <a href="/wiki/Control_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Control characters">control characters</a>). This was insufficient to meet the needs of Western European languages and so the standard specifies certain <a href="/wiki/Code_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Code points">code points</a> that are available for national variation. With the arrival of 8-bit "<a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">extended ASCII</a>", this issue was largely mitigated, though not fully resolved until <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> was established.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a href="/wiki/Air_quotes" title="Air quotes">Air quotes</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">"tilde". <i>The Chambers Dictionary</i> (9th ed.). Chambers. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-550-10105-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-550-10105-5"><bdi>0-550-10105-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=tilde&rft.btitle=The+Chambers+Dictionary&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Chambers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-550-10105-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-tilde" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=tilde">"tilde"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=tilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dtilde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin, Charles Trice (1910). The record interpreter : a collection of abbreviations, Latin words and names used in English historical manuscripts and records (2nd ed.). London, preface, p.5 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/recordinterprete00martuoft/page/n9/mode/2up">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackenzie1980" class="citation book cs1">Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf"><i>Coded Character Sets, History and Development</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Systems Programming Series (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Addison-Wesley_Publishing_Company,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.">Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-14460-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-14460-4"><bdi>978-0-201-14460-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/77-90165">77-90165</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160526172151/https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coded+Character+Sets%2C+History+and+Development&rft.series=The+Systems+Programming+Series&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F77-90165&rft.isbn=978-0-201-14460-4&rft.aulast=Mackenzie&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftextfiles.meulie.net%2Fbitsaved%2FBooks%2FMackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/ascii-history/ccit.html">"Meeting of CCITT Working Party on the New Telegraph Alphabet"</a>. CCITT. 15 May 1963.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meeting+of+CCITT+Working+Party+on+the+New+Telegraph+Alphabet&rft.pub=CCITT&rft.date=1963-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cl.cam.ac.uk%2F~mgk25%2Fucs%2Fascii-history%2Fccit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span> See Paragraph 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._L._Griffin,_Chairman,_X3.21963" class="citation web cs1">L. L. Griffin, Chairman, X3.2 (29 November 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/ascii-history/iso.html">"Memorandum to Members, Alternates, and Consultants of A.S.A. X3.2 and task groups"</a>. US Department of the Navy. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorandum+to+Members%2C+Alternates%2C+and+Consultants+of+A.S.A.+X3.2+and+task+groups&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=US+Department+of+the+Navy&rft.date=1963-11-29&rft.au=L.+L.+Griffin%2C+Chairman%2C+X3.2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cl.cam.ac.uk%2F~mgk25%2Fucs%2Fascii-history%2Fiso.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jkorpela.fi/latin1/ascii-hist.html#60">"Character histories: notes on some ASCII code positions"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Character+histories%3A+notes+on+some+ASCII+code+positions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjkorpela.fi%2Flatin1%2Fascii-hist.html%2360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/ascii-history/draft.html">"Second ISO draft proposal | 6 and 6 bit character codes for information processing interchange"</a>. ISO. December 1963.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+ISO+draft+proposal+%7C+6+and+6+bit+character+codes+for+information+processing+interchange&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=1963-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cl.cam.ac.uk%2F~mgk25%2Fucs%2Fascii-history%2Fdraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span> See paragraph 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Swung dash", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=swung+dash&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=000000000000"><i>WordNet</i></a> (search) (3.0 ed.)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swung+dash&rft.btitle=WordNet&rft.edition=3.0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwordnetweb.princeton.edu%2Fperl%2Fwebwn%3Fs%3Dswung%2Bdash%26sub%3DSearch%2BWordNet%26o2%3D%26o0%3D1%26o8%3D1%26o1%3D1%26o7%3D%26o5%3D%26o9%3D%26o6%3D%26o3%3D%26o4%3D%26h%3D000000000000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/historico/651-26-argumentos-para-seguir-defendiendo-la-n-SLLA_RAZON_352314#.Ttt1ZN8CWth9pio">"26 argumentos para seguir defendiendo la Ñ"</a>. <i>La Razón</i>. 11 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=26+argumentos+para+seguir+defendiendo+la+%C3%91&rft.date=2011-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fhistorico%2F651-26-argumentos-para-seguir-defendiendo-la-n-SLLA_RAZON_352314%23.Ttt1ZN8CWth9pio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAFP2004" class="citation web cs1">AFP (18 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/internacionales/batalla-de-la-n-una-aventura-quijotesca-para-defender-el-alma-de-la-lengua-797718.html">"Batalla de la Ñ: Una aventura quijotesca para defender el alma de la lengua"</a>. <i>Periódico ABC Paraguay</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peri%C3%B3dico+ABC+Paraguay&rft.atitle=Batalla+de+la+%C3%91%3A+Una+aventura+quijotesca+para+defender+el+alma+de+la+lengua&rft.date=2004-11-18&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.com.py%2Fedicion-impresa%2Finternacionales%2Fbatalla-de-la-n-una-aventura-quijotesca-para-defender-el-alma-de-la-lengua-797718.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dle.rae.es/?id=ZkHNOE8">Diccionario de la lengua española</a>, Real Academia Española</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wolfram_tilde-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_tilde_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Tilde.html">"Tilde"</a>. Wolfram/MathWorld. 3 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tilde&rft.pub=Wolfram%2FMathWorld&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FTilde.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bymath1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bymath1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bymath1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bymath1_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502113549/http://www.bymath.com/symbols/symbols.html">"All Elementary Mathematics – Mathematical symbols dictionary"</a>. Bymath. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bymath.com/symbols/symbols.html">the original</a> on 2 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Elementary+Mathematics+%E2%80%93+Mathematical+symbols+dictionary&rft.pub=Bymath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bymath.com%2Fsymbols%2Fsymbols.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/typography/developers/fdsspec/maths.aspx">"Character design standards – Maths"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft&rft.atitle=Character+design+standards+%E2%80%93+Maths&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Ftypography%2Fdevelopers%2Ffdsspec%2Fmaths.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-htmlhelp1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-htmlhelp1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-htmlhelp1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn" class="citation web cs1">Quinn, Liam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://htmlhelp.com/reference/html40/entities/symbols.html">"HTML 4.0 Entities for Symbols and Greek Letters"</a>. HTML help<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HTML+4.0+Entities+for+Symbols+and+Greek+Letters&rft.pub=HTML+help&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhtmlhelp.com%2Freference%2Fhtml40%2Fentities%2Fsymbols.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109213922/http://www.solving-math-problems.com/math-symbols-approximately-equal.html">"Math Symbols... Those Most Valuable and Important: Approximately Equal Symbol"</a>. Solving Math problems. 20 September 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solving-math-problems.com/math-symbols-approximately-equal.html">the original</a> on 9 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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STD 66. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifier+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3986&rft.au=T.+Berners-Lee&rft.au=R.+Fielding&rft.au=L.+Masinter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Internet Standard 66.</i> p. 12. Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2732">2732</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396">2396</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1808">1808</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6874">6874</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7320">7320</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8820">8820</a>. Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/bit-functions.html#operator_bitwise-invert">"MySQL :: Reference Manual :: Bit Functions and Operators"</a>. <i>dev.mysql.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100726062443/http://groovy.codehaus.org/Regular+Expressions"><i>Groovy Regular Expression User Guide</i></a>, Code haus, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://groovy.codehaus.org/Regular+Expressions">the original</a> on 26 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Groovy+Regular+Expression+User+Guide&rft.pub=Code+haus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroovy.codehaus.org%2FRegular%2BExpressions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100711164313/http://groovy.codehaus.org/FAQ+-+RegExp"><i>Groovy RegExp FAQ</i></a>, Code haus, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://groovy.codehaus.org/FAQ+-+RegExp">the original</a> on 11 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Groovy+RegExp+FAQ&rft.pub=Code+haus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroovy.codehaus.org%2FFAQ%2B-%2BRegExp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Type Families", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/GHC/Type_families#Equality_constraints"><i>Haskell Wiki</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Type+Families&rft.btitle=Haskell+Wiki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haskell.org%2Fhaskellwiki%2FGHC%2FType_families%23Equality_constraints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Lazy_pattern_match">"Lazy pattern match – HaskellWiki"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lazy+pattern+match+%E2%80%93+HaskellWiki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haskell.org%2Fhaskellwiki%2FLazy_pattern_match&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/22_c.htm">"CLHS: Section 22.3"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Internet+Juggling+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jugglingdb.com%2Fhelp%2F%3Fid%3D125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilde&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">For signing your comments on Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Wikipedia:Signatures</a>.</div> <div 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters using <a class="mw-selflink selflink">tilde</a> sign (<span style="font-weight:100; font-size:125%;"> ◌̃, ◌̰, ◌̴ </span>)</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">Ãã </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵬ">ᵬ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵭ">ᵭ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%BC" title="Ẽ">Ẽẽ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḛ">Ḛḛ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵮ">ᵮ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/G%CC%83" title="G̃">G̃g̃ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĩ">Ĩ ĩ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḭ">Ḭḭ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/J%CC%83" class="mw-redirect" title="J̃">J̃ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L̃ (page does not exist)">L̃l̃ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɫ">Ɫɫ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ꬸ">ꬸ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/M%CC%83" title="M̃">M̃m̃ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B5%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᵯ (page does not exist)">ᵯ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">Ññ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B5%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᵰ (page does not exist)">ᵰ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C3%95" title="Õ">Õõ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/P%CC%83" title="P̃">P̃p̃ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵱ">ᵱ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/R%CC%83" title="R̃">R̃r̃ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B5%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᵲ (page does not exist)">ᵲ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵴ">ᵴ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B5" title="ᵵ">ᵵ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ũ">Ũũ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṵ">Ṵṵ </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṽ">Ṽṽ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ỹ">Ỹỹ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵶ">ᵶ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_logical_symbols" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_logical_symbols" title="Template:Common logical symbols"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_logical_symbols" title="Template talk:Common logical symbols"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_logical_symbols" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common logical symbols"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_logical_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">logical symbols</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Wedge_(symbol)" title="Wedge (symbol)">∧</a>  <span style="font-size:55%;"><i>or</i></span>  <a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">&</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Logical_conjunction" title="Logical conjunction">and</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Vel_(symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vel (symbol)">∨</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Logical_disjunction" title="Logical disjunction">or</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Negation" title="Negation">¬</a>  <span style="font-size:55%;"><i>or</i></span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">~</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Negation" title="Negation">not</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Arrow_(symbol)" title="Arrow (symbol)">→</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Material_conditional" title="Material conditional">implies</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_(symbol)" title="Horseshoe (symbol)">⊃</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Material_conditional" title="Material conditional">implies</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Subset" title="Subset">superset</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Arrow_(symbol)" title="Arrow (symbol)">↔</a>  <span style="font-size:55%;"><i>or</i></span>  <a href="/wiki/Triple_bar" title="Triple bar">≡</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/If_and_only_if" title="If and only if">iff</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Sheffer_stroke" title="Sheffer stroke">|</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Sheffer_stroke" title="Sheffer stroke">nand</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Turned_A" title="Turned A">∀</a> </div> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.15em"><a href="/wiki/Universal_quantification" title="Universal quantification">universal<br />quantification</a></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Existential_quantification" title="Existential quantification">∃</a> </div> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.15em"><a href="/wiki/Existential_quantification" title="Existential quantification">existential<br />quantification</a></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Tee_(symbol)" title="Tee (symbol)">⊤</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/True_(logic)" class="mw-redirect" title="True (logic)">true</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tautology_(logic)" title="Tautology (logic)">tautology</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Up_tack" title="Up tack">⊥</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/False_(logic)" title="False (logic)">false</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Contradiction" title="Contradiction">contradiction</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Turnstile_(symbol)" title="Turnstile (symbol)">⊢</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Turnstile_(symbol)" title="Turnstile (symbol)">entails,<br />proves</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Double_turnstile" title="Double turnstile">⊨</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Double_turnstile" title="Double turnstile">entails,<br />therefore</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Therefore_sign" title="Therefore sign">∴</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Logical_consequence" title="Logical consequence">therefore</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.85em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0.85em;width:10em;"><div> <div style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:0.55em;"> <a href="/wiki/Therefore_sign#Similar_signs" title="Therefore sign">∵</a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Therefore_sign#Similar_signs" title="Therefore sign">because</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template talk:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographical</a> symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;">   </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> , </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> : </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ; </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‐ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ′ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ″ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‴ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> . </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> & </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> @ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ^ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> / </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> \ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> … </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> * </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ※ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⁂ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(typography)" title="Asterism (typography)">asterism</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dinkus" title="Dinkus">dinkus</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> - </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‒ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> – </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> — </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⹀ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ? </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ! </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‽ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¡ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Inverted_question_and_exclamation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverted question and exclamation marks">inverted ! and ?</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸮ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">irony punctuation</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> # </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> № </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> º </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ª </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> % </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">percent sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‰ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Per_mille" title="Per mille">per mille</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‱ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis point</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ° </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌀ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diameter#Symbol" title="Diameter">diameter sign</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> + </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> − </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus and minus signs</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> × </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ÷ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">division sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ~ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ± </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ∓ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Minus-plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus-plus sign">minus-plus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> √ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Radical_symbol" title="Radical symbol">radical symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> _ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span style="position: relative; top: 0.25em;">⁀</span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> | </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¦ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‖ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> • </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> · </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> © </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_symbol" title="Copyright symbol">copyright symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ℗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright_symbol" title="Sound recording copyright symbol">sound recording copyright</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ® </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">registered trademark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">SM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">service mark symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">TM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">trademark symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‘ ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> “ ” </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' ' </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> " " </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‹ › </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> « » </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ( ) </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> [ ] </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> { } </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⟨ ⟩ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">bracket</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ” </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> † </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‡ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ❧ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleuron</a> (hedera, aldus)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ☞ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Manicule" title="Manicule">manicule</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ◊ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌑ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenge</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¶ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (paragraph mark)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> § </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">section mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">Version of this table as a sortable list</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (accents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">Logic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_punctuation" title="Korean punctuation">Korean punctuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tilde&oldid=1258570030">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tilde&oldid=1258570030</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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