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Giri</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Prem Bahadur Giri"> <meta name="keywords" content="Prem Bahadur Giri"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Prem Bahadur Giri"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 76</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Prem Bahadur Giri</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Community Activism for Sustainable Forest Management in Nepal: Lessons fromTarpakha Community Forest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Bahadur%20Giri">Prem Bahadur Giri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nationalization of forests during the early 1960s had become counterproductive for the conservation of forests in Nepal. Realizing this fact, the Government of Nepal initiated a paradigm shift from a government-controlled forestry system to people’s direct participation in managing forestry, conceptualizing a community forest approach in the early 1980s. The community forestry approach is expected to promote sustainable forest management, restoring degraded forests to enhance the forest condition on the one hand, and on the other, improvement of livelihoods, particularly of low-income people and forest-dependent communities, as well as promoting community ownership of a forest. As a result, the establishment of community forests started and had taken faster momentum in Nepal. Of the total land in Nepal, forest occupies 6.5 million hectares which are around 45 percent of the forest area. Of the total forest area, 1.8 million hectares have been handed over to community management. A total of 19,361 ‘community forest users groups’ are already created to manage the community forest. To streamline the governance of community forests, the enactment of ‘The Forest Act 1993’ provides a clear legal basis for managing community forests in Nepal. This article is based on an in-depth study taking the case of Tarpakha Community Forest (TCF) located in Siranchok Rural Municipality of Gorkha District in Nepal. It mainly discusses the extent to which the TCF is able to achieve the twin objectives of this community forest for catalyzing socio-economic improvement of the targeted community and conservation of the forest. The primary information was generated through in-depth interviews along with group discussions with members, the management committee, and other relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that there is a significant improvement in the regeneration of the forest and also changes in the socio-economic status of the local community. However, coordination with local municipalities and forest governing entities is still weak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20benefit" title=" socio-economic benefit"> socio-economic benefit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20forest%20management" title=" sustainable forest management"> sustainable forest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160129/community-activism-for-sustainable-forest-management-in-nepal-lessons-fromtarpakha-community-forest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Community Activism for Sustainable Forest Management in Nepal: Lessons fromTarpakha Community Forest Siranchok, Gorkha</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Bahadur%20Giri">Prem Bahadur Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trilochana%20Pokhrel"> Trilochana Pokhrel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nationalization of forest during early 1960s had become a counterproductive for the conservation of forest in Nepal. Realizing this fact, the Government of Nepal initiated a paradigm shift from government-controlled forestry system to people’s direct participation for managing forestry, conceptualizing community forest approach in the early 1980s. The community forestry approach is expected to promote sustainable forest management, restoring degraded forests for enhancing the forest condition on one hand, and on the other, improvement of livelihoods, particularly of low-income people and forest dependent communities, as well as promoting community ownership to forest. As a result, establishment of community forests started and had taken faster momentum in Nepal. Of the total land in Nepal, forest occupies 6.5 million hectares which is around 45 percent of the forest area. Of the total forest area 1.8 million hectarehas been handed-over to community management. A total of 19,361 ‘community forest users groups’ are already created to manage the community forest.Tostreamlinethe governance of community forest, the enactment of ‘Forest Act 1993’ provides a clear legal basis for managing community forest in Nepal. This article is based on an in-depth study taking a case of Tarpakha Community Forest (TCF) located in Siranchok Rural Municipality of Gorkha District in Nepal. It mainly discusses on to extent the TCF able to achieve twin objectives of this community forest for catalyzing socio-economic improvement of the targeted community and conservation of forest. The primary information was generated through in-depth interviews along with group discussion with members, management committee, and other relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that there is significant improvement of regeneration of forest and also changes in the socio-economic status of local community. However, coordination with local municipality and forest governing entities is still weak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nepal" title=" nepal"> nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20%20benefit" title=" socio-economic benefit"> socio-economic benefit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20forest%20management" title=" sustainable forest management"> sustainable forest management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172566/community-activism-for-sustainable-forest-management-in-nepal-lessons-fromtarpakha-community-forest-siranchok-gorkha" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Association Between Renewable Energy and Community Forest User Group: A Case of Siranchowk Rural Municipality, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Bahadur%20Giri">Prem Bahadur Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MathineeYucharoen"> MathineeYucharoen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Community forest user groups (CFUGs) have been the core stone of forest management efforts in Nepal. Due to the lack of a smooth transition into the local governance structure in 2017, policy instruments have not been effectively cascaded to the local level, creating ambiguity and inconsistency in forest governance. Descriptive mixed-method research was performed with community users and stakeholders of the Tarpakha community forest, Siranchowk Rural Municipality, to understand the role of the political economy in CFUG management. The household survey was conducted among 100 households (who also are existing members of the Tarpakha CFUG) to understand and document their energy consumption preferences and practices. Likewise, ten key informant interviews and five focus group discussions with the municipality and forest management officials were also conducted to have a wider overview of the factors and political, socio-economic, and religious contexts behind the utilization of renewable energy for sustainable development. Findings from our study suggest that only 3% of households use biogas as their main source of energy. The rest of the households mention liquid petroleum gas (LPG), electricity, and firewood as major sources of energy for domestic purposes. Community members highlighted the difficulty in accessing firewood due to strict regulations from the CFUG, lack of cattle and manpower to rear cattle to produce cow dung (for biogas), and lack of technical expertise at the community level for the operation and maintenance of solar energy, among others as challenges of the resource. Likewise, key informants have mentioned policy loopholes at both the federal and local levels, especially with regard to the promotion of alternative or renewable energy, as there are no clear mandates and provisions to regulate the renewable energy industry. The study recommends doing an in-depth study on the feasibility of renewable energy sources, especially in the context of CFUGs, where biodiversity conservation aspects need to be equally taken into consideration while thinking of the promotion and expansion of renewable energy sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193154/association-between-renewable-energy-and-community-forest-user-group-a-case-of-siranchowk-rural-municipality-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Social Perspectives on Population of People Living Postively; An Indian Scenario, Evidence from Tiruchirappalli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwonkunda%20Jeanne">Uwonkunda Jeanne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Godwin%20Prem%20Singh"> J. Godwin Prem Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjaneyalu%20Subbiah"> Anjaneyalu Subbiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HIV/AIDS is known to affect an individual not only physically but also mentally, socially, and financially. It is a syndrome that builds a vacuum in a person affecting his/her life as a whole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=People%20living%20with%20HIV" title="People living with HIV">People living with HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20dysfunction" title=" social dysfunction"> social dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title=" stigma"> stigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20Social%20support." title=" and Social support."> and Social support.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11874/social-perspectives-on-population-of-people-living-postively-an-indian-scenario-evidence-from-tiruchirappalli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Need of Medicines Information OPD in Tertiary Health Care Settings: A Cross Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swanand%20Pathak">Swanand Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiran%20R.%20Giri"> Kiran R. Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reena%20R.%20Giri"> Reena R. Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamlesh%20Palandurkar"> Kamlesh Palandurkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangita%20Totade"> Sangita Totade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Jha"> Rajesh Jha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Patel"> S. S. Patel </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Population burden, illiteracy, availability of few doctors for larger group of population leads to many unanswered questions left in a patient’s mind. Incomplete information results into noncompliance, therapeutic failure, and adverse drug reactions (ADR). It is very important to establish a system which will provide noncommercial, independent, unbiased source of medicine information. Medicines Info OPD is a concept and step towards safe and appropriate use of medicines. Objective: (1) to assess the present status of knowledge about the medicines in the patients and its correlation with education; (2) to assess the medicine information dispensing modalities, their use and sufficiency from the patients view point; (3) to assess the overall need for Medicines Information OPD in present scenario. Materials and Methods: A pre-validated questionnaire based study was conducted amongst 500 patients of tertiary health care hospital. The questionnaire consisted of specific questions regarding understanding of prescription, knowledge about adverse drug reaction, view about self-medication and opinion regarding the need of Medicines Info OPD. Results: Significantly large proportion of patients opined that doctors do not have sufficient time in current Indian healthcare to explain the prescription and they are not aware of adverse drug reactions, expiry date or use the package inserts etc. Conclusion: Clinically relevant, up to date, user specific, independent, objective and unbiased Medicines Info OPD is essential for appropriate drug use and can help in a big way to common public to address many problems faced by them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information" title="information">information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prescription" title=" prescription"> prescription</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbiased" title=" unbiased"> unbiased</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinically%20relevant" title=" clinically relevant"> clinically relevant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9106/need-of-medicines-information-opd-in-tertiary-health-care-settings-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Identification of Nonlinear Systems Structured by Hammerstein-Wiener Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Brouri">A. Brouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Giri"> F. Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mkhida"> A. Mkhida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elkarkri"> A. Elkarkri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20L.%20Chhibat"> M. L. Chhibat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standard Hammerstein-Wiener models consist of a linear subsystem sandwiched by two memoryless nonlinearities. Presently, the linear subsystem is allowed to be parametric or not, continuous- or discrete-time. The input and output nonlinearities are polynomial and may be noninvertible. A two-stage identification method is developed such the parameters of all nonlinear elements are estimated first using the Kozen-Landau polynomial decomposition algorithm. The obtained estimates are then based upon in the identification of the linear subsystem, making use of suitable pre-ad post-compensators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20system%20identification" title="nonlinear system identification">nonlinear system identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammerstein-Wiener%20systems" title=" Hammerstein-Wiener systems"> Hammerstein-Wiener systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20identification" title=" frequency identification"> frequency identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polynomial%20decomposition" title=" polynomial decomposition"> polynomial decomposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7969/identification-of-nonlinear-systems-structured-by-hammerstein-wiener-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Frequency Identification of Wiener-Hammerstein Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brouri%20Adil">Brouri Adil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giri%20Fouad"> Giri Fouad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of identifying Wiener-Hammerstein systems is addressed in the presence of two linear subsystems of structure totally unknown. Presently, the nonlinear element is allowed to be noninvertible. The system identification problem is dealt by developing a two-stage frequency identification method such a set of points of the nonlinearity are estimated first. Then, the frequency gains of the two linear subsystems are determined at a number of frequencies. The method involves Fourier series decomposition and only requires periodic excitation signals. All involved estimators are shown to be consistent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiener-Hammerstein%20systems" title="Wiener-Hammerstein systems">Wiener-Hammerstein systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fourier%20series%20expansions" title=" Fourier series expansions"> Fourier series expansions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20identification" title=" frequency identification"> frequency identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation%20science" title=" automation science"> automation science</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7941/frequency-identification-of-wiener-hammerstein-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Deformation and Energy Absorption of Corrugated Tubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20R.%20Rahim">Mohammad R. Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shagil%20Akhtar"> Shagil Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20K.%20Bharti"> Prem K. Bharti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Muneeb%20Iqbal"> Syed Muneeb Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deformation and energy absorption studies with corrugated tubes where corrugation is perpendicular to the line of action which coincides exactly with the unstrained axis of the tubes. In the present study, several specimens with various geometric parameters are prepared and compressed quasi-statistically in ANSYS Workbench. It is observed that tubes with perpendicular corrugation alters the deformation condition considerably and culminates in a substantial escalation in energy absorption scope in juxtaposed with the tubes having a circular cross-section. This study will help automotive, aerospace and various other industries to design superior components with perpendicular corrugated tubes and will reduce the experimental trials by conducting the numerical simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS%20Workbench" title="ANSYS Workbench">ANSYS Workbench</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20and%20energy%20absorption" title=" deformation and energy absorption"> deformation and energy absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated%20tubes" title=" corrugated tubes"> corrugated tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-static%20compression" title=" quasi-static compression"> quasi-static compression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69163/deformation-and-energy-absorption-of-corrugated-tubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Developing Speaking Confidence of Students through Communicative Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yadab%20Giri">Yadab Giri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Confidence is considered a power of a good speaker, and it also can be taken as a tool for speaking. The paper entitled ‘Developing Speaking Confidence of Students through Communicative Activities’ has been written with the purpose of developing the speaking confidence of the students of the Seventh grade of our context in mind. The research is designed under the interpretive paradigm of action research. During my research, thirteen students from class seven were chosen for the study. It was seen a lot of improvement in their confidence while communicating with other speakers by the end of the eighth week. Though there is a positive result of the invention, some students still did not develop the level of confidence that they could have developed to get a satisfactory response. Therefore, the outcome of my action research is positive because students are eager and interested in speaking daily in the initiation of their English class, and they have improved in their speaking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence" title="confidence">confidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speaking%20skills" title=" speaking skills"> speaking skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action%20research" title=" action research"> action research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflection%20with%20feedback%20and%20observation" title=" reflection with feedback and observation"> reflection with feedback and observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finally%20endeavour" title=" finally endeavour"> finally endeavour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167303/developing-speaking-confidence-of-students-through-communicative-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Participatory Approach of Flood Disaster Risk Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laxman%20Budhathoki">Laxman Budhathoki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lal%20Bahadur%20Shrestha"> Lal Bahadur Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20C.%20Laxman"> K. C. Laxman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hundreds of people are being lost their life by flood disaster in Nepal every year. Community-based disaster management committee has formed to formulate the disaster management plan including the component of EWS like EWS tower, rain gauge station, flood gauge station, culverts, boats, ropes, life jackets, a communication mechanism, emergency shelter, Spur, dykes, dam, evacuation route, emergency dry food management etc. Now EWS become a successful tool to decrease the human casualty from 13 to 0 every year in Rapti River of Chitwan District. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20risk%20reduction" title="disaster risk reduction">disaster risk reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20warning%20system" title=" early warning system"> early warning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title=" flood"> flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20approach" title=" participatory approach"> participatory approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45429/participatory-approach-of-flood-disaster-risk-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Modified Active (MA) Algorithm to Generate Semantic Web Related Clustered Hierarchy for Keyword Search</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Leena%20Giri">G. Leena Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archana%20Mathur"> Archana Mathur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Manjula"> S. H. Manjula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20R.%20Venugopal"> K. R. Venugopal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20M.%20Patnaik"> L. M. Patnaik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Keyword search in XML documents is based on the notion of lowest common ancestors in the labelled trees model of XML documents and has recently gained a lot of research interest in the database community. In this paper, we propose the Modified Active (MA) algorithm which is an improvement over the active clustering algorithm by taking into consideration the entity aspect of the nodes to find the level of the node pertaining to a particular keyword input by the user. A portion of the bibliography database is used to experimentally evaluate the modified active algorithm and results show that it performs better than the active algorithm. Our modification improves the response time of the system and thereby increases the efficiency of the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keyword%20matching%20patterns" title="keyword matching patterns">keyword matching patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MA%20algorithm" title=" MA algorithm"> MA algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20search" title=" semantic search"> semantic search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management" title=" knowledge management"> knowledge management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6608/modified-active-ma-algorithm-to-generate-semantic-web-related-clustered-hierarchy-for-keyword-search" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Existence and Concentration of Solutions for a Class of Elliptic Partial Differential Equations Involving p-Biharmonic Operator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debajyoti%20Choudhuri">Debajyoti Choudhuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratan%20Kumar%20Giri"> Ratan Kumar Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shesadev%20Pradhan"> Shesadev Pradhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation involving the p-biharmonic and the p-Laplacian operators involving a real valued parameter and a continuous real valued potential function defined over the N- dimensional Euclidean space has been considered. By the variational technique, an existence result pertaining to a nontrivial solution to this non-linear partial differential equation has been proposed. Further, by the Concentration lemma, the concentration of solutions to the same problem defined on the set consisting of those elements where the potential function vanishes as the real parameter approaches to infinity has been addressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-Laplacian" title="p-Laplacian">p-Laplacian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-biharmonic" title=" p-biharmonic"> p-biharmonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20PDEs" title=" elliptic PDEs"> elliptic PDEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Concentration%20lemma" title=" Concentration lemma"> Concentration lemma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sobolev%20space" title=" Sobolev space"> Sobolev space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58393/existence-and-concentration-of-solutions-for-a-class-of-elliptic-partial-differential-equations-involving-p-biharmonic-operator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Performance Evaluation of Single Basin Solar Still</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Singh">Prem Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdeep%20Singh"> Jagdeep Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an attempt to investigate the performance of single basin solar still for climate conditions of Ludhiana a single basin solar still was designed, fabricated and tested. The energy balance equations for various parts of the still are solved by Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Computer model was made and experimentally validated. The validated computer model was used to estimate the annual distillation yield and performance ratio of the still for Ludhiana. The Theoretical and experimental distillation yield were 4318.79 ml and 3850 ml, respectively for the typical day. The predicted distillation yield was 12.5% higher than the experimental yield. The annual distillation yield per square meter aperture area and annual performance ratio for single basin solar still is 1095 liters and 0.43 liters, respectively. The payback period for micro-stepped solar still is 2.5 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20distillation" title="solar distillation">solar distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20still" title=" solar still"> solar still</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20basin" title=" single basin"> single basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=still" title=" still"> still</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28282/performance-evaluation-of-single-basin-solar-still" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Debate, Discontent and National Identity in a Secular State </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Bahadur%20Shahu">Man Bahadur Shahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The secularism is a controversial, debatable and misinterpreted issue since its endorsement in the 2007 constitution in Nepal. The unprecedented acts have been seen favoring and disfavoring against the secularism within the public domain—which creates the fallacies and suspicions in the rationalization and modernization process. This paper highlights three important points: first, the secularization suddenly ruptures the silence and institutional decline of religion within the state. Second, state effort on secularism simultaneously fosters the state neutrality and state separation from religious institutions that amplify the recognition of all religious groups through the equal treatment in their festivity, rituals, and practices. Third, no state would completely secular because of their deep-rooted mindset and disposition with their own religious faiths and beliefs that largely enhance intergroup conflict, dispute, riot and turbulence in post-secular period in the name of proselytizing and conversion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title="conflict">conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proselytizing" title=" proselytizing"> proselytizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secular" title=" secular"> secular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99708/debate-discontent-and-national-identity-in-a-secular-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Modeling Intention to Use 3PL Services: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasrin%20Akter">Nasrin Akter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Chhetri"> Prem Chhetri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20Rahman"> Shams Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study tested Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to explain the formation of business customers’ intention to use 3PL services in Bangladesh. The findings show that the TPB model has a good fit to the data. Based on theoretical support and suggested modification indices, a refined TPB model was developed afterwards which provides a better predictive power for intention. Consistent with the theory, the results of a structural equation analysis revealed that the intention to use 3PL services is predicted by attitude and subjective norms but not by perceived behavioral control. Further investigation indicated that the paths between (attitude and intention) and (subjective norms and intention) did not statistically differ between 3PL user and non-user. Findings of this research provide an evidence base to formulate business strategies to increase the use of 3PL services in Bangladesh to enhance productivity and to gain economic efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intention" title=" intention"> intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third-party%20logistics" title=" third-party logistics"> third-party logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theory%20of%20Planned%20Behavior" title=" Theory of Planned Behavior"> Theory of Planned Behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16097/modeling-intention-to-use-3pl-services-an-application-of-the-theory-of-planned-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">581</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Phase Segregating and Complex Forming Pb Based (=X-Pb) Liquid Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indra%20Bahadur%20Bhandari">Indra Bahadur Bhandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Panthi"> Narayan Panthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishwar%20Koirala"> Ishwar Koirala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Adhikari"> Devendra Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have used a theoretical model based on the assumption of compound formation in binary alloys to study the thermodynamic, microscopic, and surface properties of Bi-Pb and In-Pb liquid alloys. A review of the phase diagrams for these alloys shows that one of the stable complexes for Bi-Pb liquid alloy is BiPb3; also, that InPb is a stable phase in liquid In-Pb alloys. Using the same interaction parameters that are fitted for the free energy of mixing, we have been able to compute the bulk and thermodynamic properties of the alloys. From our observations, we are able to show that the Bi-Pb liquid alloy exhibits compound formation over the whole concentration range and the In-Pb alloys undergo phase separation. With regards to surface properties, Pb segregates more to the surface in In-Pb alloys than in Bi-Pb alloys. The viscosity isotherms have a positive deviation from ideality for both Bi-Pb and In-Pb alloys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry" title="asymmetry">asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi-Pb" title=" Bi-Pb"> Bi-Pb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deviation" title=" deviation"> deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In-Pb" title=" In-Pb"> In-Pb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20parameters" title=" interaction parameters"> interaction parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136406/phase-segregating-and-complex-forming-pb-based-x-pb-liquid-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Assessment of Procurement-Demand of Milk Plant Using Quality Control Tools: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdeep%20Singh">Jagdeep Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Singh"> Prem Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Milk is considered as an essential and complete food. The present study was conducted at Milk Plant Mohali especially in reference to the procurement section where the cash inflow was maximum, with the objective to achieve higher productivity and reduce wastage of milk. In milk plant it was observed that during the month of Jan-2014 to March-2014 the average procurement of milk was Rs. 4, 19, 361 liter per month and cost of procurement of milk is Rs 35/- per liter. The total cost of procurement thereby equal to Rs. 1crore 46 lakh per month, but there was mismatch in procurement-production of milk, which leads to an average loss of Rs. 12, 94, 405 per month. To solve the procurement-production problem Quality Control Tools like brainstorming, Flow Chart, Cause effect diagram and Pareto analysis are applied wherever applicable. With the successful implementation of Quality Control tools an average saving of Rs. 4, 59, 445 per month is done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk" title="milk">milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procurement-demand" title=" procurement-demand"> procurement-demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control%20tools" title=" quality control tools"> quality control tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28242/assessment-of-procurement-demand-of-milk-plant-using-quality-control-tools-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Slow pace towards Teaching Mathematical Science in Nepal: A Historical Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dammar%20Bahadur%20Adhikari">Dammar Bahadur Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mathematics teaching begins with human civilization. The rular used to choose mathematician as prime adviser in many tribes and country. Mathematics was powerful tool for understanding economial situation and strength of rular. In ancient Nepal teaching of mathematics starts with informal education provided by religious leaders there after in modern education system seems to follow the world’s educational system. The aim of this paper is to present a brief historical background of the Nepalese mathematicians up to nineteenth century and highlight the transformation in mathematical science in the line with modern world. Secondary data and formal papers and informal publications were studied to explore the present situation of education. The study concluded that there is remarcable change in quality of education and there are sufficient human powers in the mathematical sciences in Nepal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20development" title="human development">human development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science" title=" science"> science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional" title=" traditional"> traditional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35420/slow-pace-towards-teaching-mathematical-science-in-nepal-a-historical-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Comparative Study of Fenton and Activated Carbon Treatment for Dyeing Waste Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Mohan">Prem Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namrata%20Jariwala"> Namrata Jariwala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years 10000 dyes are approximately used by dying industry which makes dyeing wastewater more complex in nature. It is very difficult to treat dyeing wastewater by conventional methods. Here an attempt has been made to treat dyeing wastewater by the conventional and advanced method for removal of COD. Fenton process is the advanced method and activated carbon treatment is the conventional method. Experiments have been done on synthetic wastewater prepared from three different dyes; acidic, disperse and reactive. Experiments have also been conducted on real effluent obtained from industry. The optimum dose of catalyst and hydrogen peroxide in Fenton process and optimum activated carbon dose for each of these wastewaters were obtained. In Fenton treatment, COD removal was obtained up to 95% whereas 70% removal was obtained with activated carbon treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20oxidation%20process" title=" advanced oxidation process"> advanced oxidation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyeing%20waste%20water" title=" dyeing waste water"> dyeing waste water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fenton%20oxidation%20process" title=" fenton oxidation process"> fenton oxidation process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81307/comparative-study-of-fenton-and-activated-carbon-treatment-for-dyeing-waste-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Occupational Health Hazards of Itinerant Waste Buyers (IWBs) in Kathmandu, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Khanal">Ashish Khanal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suja%20Giri"> Suja Giri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The scrap collection work is associated with multiple health hazards. Cut and scratches during collection and transportation of scraps are common. IWBs purchase the scraps mainly papers, cartoons, glass bottles and metals from the households. This study was conducted in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal. The location was chosen because Kathmandu is the biggest city of Nepal with highest number of IWBs. The research used a case study strategy to examine the occupational health hazards of IWBs. The only mode of collecting and transporting of scraps in Kathmandu is the bicycle. They have to do this regular work even during the scorching sun and chilled winter. The musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal disorders are the common health problem shared by IWBs in Kathmandu, Nepal. Despite of these problems, IWBs don’t take it seriously and rarely goes for the health check-up. There is need of personal protective equipment and guidance for safety of IWBs. IWBs need to wear closed shoes and use gloves to avoid cuts during the collection and transportation of the recyclables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=itinerant%20waste%20buyers" title="itinerant waste buyers">itinerant waste buyers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathmandu" title=" Kathmandu"> Kathmandu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20health" title=" occupational health"> occupational health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrap" title=" scrap"> scrap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99545/occupational-health-hazards-of-itinerant-waste-buyers-iwbs-in-kathmandu-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Options for Adding Benefits of Local Crop Diversity Through a Non-Breeding Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kedar%20Nath%20Nepal">Kedar Nath Nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tek%20Bahadur%20Thapa"> Tek Bahadur Thapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Guerena%3B"> David Guerena;</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The community participation is central to the in-situ project objectives, as farming communities are key stakeholders in the on-farm conservation of agricultural bio- diversity. Besides technical means to adding benefits, the complimentary strategy includes creating market-based value adding measures by increasing users’ awareness of the value of traditional foods and nutritional values; exhibitions and improved processing; and policy incentives. This paper presents various participatory activities carried out in Nepal as options for enhancing benefits to local communities by increased utilization of local crop diversity on -the farm through non-breeding discussed, and outcomes are documented using farmers’ perception data and secondary information. The paper focuses on three major areas of public awareness, market incentives and non-market incentives that may enhance on -farm conservation and use of biodiversity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title="biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ" title=" in-situ"> in-situ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market-based" title=" market-based"> market-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-market" title=" non-market"> non-market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155071/options-for-adding-benefits-of-local-crop-diversity-through-a-non-breeding-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20C.%20Surya%20Bahadur">G. C. Surya Bahadur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjana%20Kothari"> Ranjana Kothari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper attempts to analyze linkages between corporate governance and firm performance in India. The study employs a panel data of 50 Nifty companies from 2008 to 2012. Using LSDV panel data model and 2SLS model the study reveals that that good corporate governance practices adopted by companies is positively related with financial performance. Board independence, number of board committees and executive compensation are found to have positive relationship while ownership by promoters and financial leverage have negative relationship with performance. There is existence of bi-directional relationship between corporate governance and financial performance. Companies with sound financial performance are more likely to conform to corporate governance norms and standards and implement sound corporate governance system. The findings indicate that companies can enhance business performance and sustainability by embracing sound corporate governance practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20structure" title="board structure">board structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20compensation" title=" executive compensation"> executive compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ownership%20structure" title=" ownership structure"> ownership structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27875/corporate-governance-and-firm-performance-empirical-evidence-from-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Earthquake Effect in Micro Hydro Sector: Case Study of Dulakha District, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keshav%20Raj%20Dhakal">Keshav Raj Dhakal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jit%20Bahadur%20Rokaya%20Chhetri"> Jit Bahadur Rokaya Chhetri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Micro Hydro (MH) is one of the successful technology in Rural Nepal. Out of 75 district, 59 districts have installed 1287 MH projects with a total capacity of 24 Mega Watt (MW). Now, the challenge is how to sustain them. Dolakha is a prominent district for sustainable endues of power to sustain the MH projects. A total of 37 MH projects have been constructed with producing 886 Kilo Watt (KW) of energy in the district. This study traces out the impact of earthquake in MH sector in Dolakha district. It shows that 59 % of projects have been affected by devastating earthquake in April and May, 2015 where 29 % are completely damaged. Most of the damages are in civil structures like Penstock, forebay, power house, Canal, Intake. Transmission and distribution line have been partially damaged. This paper analysis failure of the civil structural component of MH projects and its financial consequence to the community. This study recommends that a disaster impact assessment is essential before construction of MH projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20hydro" title="micro hydro">micro hydro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20failure" title=" structural failure"> structural failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20consequence" title=" financial consequence"> financial consequence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48230/earthquake-effect-in-micro-hydro-sector-case-study-of-dulakha-district-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> An Evaluation of People’s Susceptibility to Phishing Attacks in Nepal and Effectiveness of the Applied Countermeasures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Chaudhary">Sunil Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20Bahadur%20Thapa"> Rajendra Bahadur Thapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Berki"> Eleni Berki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marko%20Helenius"> Marko Helenius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing number of Internet and mobile phone users, and essentially those, who use these electronic media to perform online transactions makes Nepal lucrative for phishing attacks. It is one of the reasons behind escalating phishing attacks in the country. Therefore, in this paper we examine various phishing attempts and real scenarios in Nepal to determine the seriousness of the problem. We also want to find out how prepared are the Internet and mobile phone users and how well-equipped are the private sector and government authorities responsible to handle cybercrime in the country. We considered five areas of research study, i.e., legal measures, technical and procedural measures, organizational structure, capacity building and international cooperation. These constitute important factors in cyber security and are recommended by the Global Cyber security Agenda (GCA). On the basis of our findings, we provide essential suggestions to make anti-phishing measures more appropriate to Nepalese State and society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20banking" title="internet banking">internet banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20banking" title=" mobile banking"> mobile banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phishing" title=" phishing"> phishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-phishing" title=" anti-phishing"> anti-phishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19124/an-evaluation-of-peoples-susceptibility-to-phishing-attacks-in-nepal-and-effectiveness-of-the-applied-countermeasures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Utilization of Mustard Leaves (Brassica juncea) Powder for the Development of Cereal Based Extruded Snacks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya%20S.%20Rathod">Maya S. Rathod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahadur%20Singh%20Hathan"> Bahadur Singh Hathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mustard leaves are rich in folates, vitamin A, K and B-complex. Mustard greens are low in calories and fats and rich in dietary fiber. They are rich in potassium, manganese, iron, copper, calcium, magnesium and low in sodium. It is very rich in antioxidants and Phytonutrients. For the optimization of process variables (moisture content and mustard leave powder), the experiments were conducted according to central composite Face Centered Composite design of RSM. The mustard leaves powder was replaced with composite flour (a combination of rice, chickpea and corn in the ratio of 70:15:15). The extrudate was extruded in a twin screw extruder at a barrel temperature of 120°C. The independent variables were mustard leaves powder (2-10 %) and moisture content (12-20 %). Responses analyzed were bulk density, water solubility index, water absorption index, lateral expansion, hardness, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and overall acceptability. The optimum conditions obtained were 7.19 g mustard leaves powder in 100 g premix having 16.8 % moisture content (w.b). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrusion" title="extrusion">extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mustard%20leaves%20powder" title=" mustard leaves powder"> mustard leaves powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33021/utilization-of-mustard-leaves-brassica-juncea-powder-for-the-development-of-cereal-based-extruded-snacks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Hydration of Protein-RNA Recognition Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amita%20Barik">Amita Barik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjit%20Prasad%20Bahadur"> Ranjit Prasad Bahadur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigate the role of water molecules in 89 protein-RNA complexes taken from the Protein Data Bank. Those with tRNA and single-stranded RNA are less hydrated than with duplex or ribosomal proteins. Protein-RNA interfaces are hydrated less than protein-DNA interfaces, but more than protein-protein interfaces. Majority of the waters at protein-RNA interfaces makes multiple H-bonds; however, a fraction does not make any. Those making Hbonds have preferences for the polar groups of RNA than its partner protein. The spatial distribution of waters makes interfaces with ribosomal proteins and single-stranded RNA relatively ‘dry’ than interfaces with tRNA and duplex RNA. In contrast to protein-DNA interfaces, mainly due to the presence of the 2’OH, the ribose in protein-RNA interfaces is hydrated more than the phosphate or the bases. The minor groove in protein-RNA interfaces is hydrated more than the major groove, while in protein-DNA interfaces it is reverse. The strands make the highest number of water-mediated H-bonds per unit interface area followed by the helices and the non-regular structures. The preserved waters at protein-RNA interfaces make higher number of H-bonds than the other waters. Preserved waters contribute toward the affinity in protein-RNA recognition and should be carefully treated while engineering protein-RNA interfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=h-bonds" title="h-bonds">h-bonds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minor-major%20grooves" title=" minor-major grooves"> minor-major grooves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preserved%20water" title=" preserved water"> preserved water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein-RNA%20interfaces" title=" protein-RNA interfaces"> protein-RNA interfaces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42932/hydration-of-protein-rna-recognition-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Efficient Energy Management: A Novel Technique for Prolonged and Persistent Automotive Engine </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chakshu%20Baweja">Chakshu Baweja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishaan%20Prakash"> Ishaan Prakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Giri"> Deepak Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prithwish%20Mukherjee"> Prithwish Mukherjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herambraj%20Ashok%20Nalawade"> Herambraj Ashok Nalawade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need to prevent and control rampant and indiscriminate usage of energy in present-day realm on earth has motivated active research efforts aimed at understanding of controlling mechanisms leading to sustained energy. Although much has been done but complexity of the problem has prevented a complete understanding due to nonlinear interaction between flow, heat and mass transfer in terrestrial environment. Therefore, there is need for a systematic study to clearly understand mechanisms controlling energy-spreading phenomena to increase a system’s efficiency. The present work addresses the issue of sustaining energy and proposes a devoted technique of optimizing energy in the automotive domain. The proposed method focus on utilization of the mechanical and thermal energy of an automobile IC engine by converting and storing energy due to motion of a piston in form of electrical energy. The suggested technique utilizes piston motion of the engine to generate high potential difference capable of working as a secondary power source. This is achieved by the use of a gear mechanism and a flywheel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20combustion%20engine" title="internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20induction" title=" electromagnetic induction"> electromagnetic induction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gear%20ratio" title=" gear ratio"> gear ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20vehicle" title=" hybrid vehicle"> hybrid vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20shaft" title=" engine shaft"> engine shaft</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15141/efficient-energy-management-a-novel-technique-for-prolonged-and-persistent-automotive-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Speed Control of DC Motor Using Optimization Techniques Based PID Controller </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Suman">Santosh Kumar Suman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar%20Giri"> Vinod Kumar Giri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this paper is to outline a speed controller of a DC motor by choice of a PID parameters utilizing genetic algorithms (GAs), the DC motor is extensively utilized as a part of numerous applications such as steel plants, electric trains, cranes and a great deal more. DC motor could be represented by a nonlinear model when nonlinearities such as attractive dissemination are considered. To provide effective control, nonlinearities and uncertainties in the model must be taken into account in the control design. The DC motor is considered as third order system. Objective of this paper three type of tuning techniques for PID parameter. In this paper, an independently energized DC motor utilizing MATLAB displaying, has been outlined whose velocity might be examined utilizing the Proportional, Integral, Derivative (KP, KI , KD) addition of the PID controller. Since, established controllers PID are neglecting to control the drive when weight parameters be likewise changed. The principle point of this paper is to dissect the execution of optimization techniques viz. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) for improve PID controllers parameters for velocity control of DC motor and list their points of interest over the traditional tuning strategies. The outcomes got from GA calculations were contrasted and that got from traditional technique. It was found that the optimization techniques beat customary tuning practices of ordinary PID controllers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20motor" title="DC motor">DC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20controller" title=" PID controller"> PID controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20techniques" title=" optimization techniques"> optimization techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm%20%28GA%29" title=" genetic algorithm (GA)"> genetic algorithm (GA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20function" title=" objective function"> objective function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IAE" title=" IAE"> IAE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48103/speed-control-of-dc-motor-using-optimization-techniques-based-pid-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Optimization the Multiplicity of Infection for Large Produce of Lytic Bacteriophage pAh6-C</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Guen%20Kim">Sang Guen Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sib%20Sankar%20Giri"> Sib Sankar Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Woo%20Jun"> Jin Woo Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saekil%20Yun"> Saekil Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoun%20Joong%20Kim"> Hyoun Joong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Wha%20Kim"> Sang Wha Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Woo%20Kang"> Jung Woo Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se%20Jin%20Han"> Se Jin Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se%20Chang%20Park"> Se Chang Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emerging of the super bacteria, bacteriophages are considered to be as an alternative to antibiotics. As the demand of phage increased, economical and large production of phage is becoming one of the critical points. For the therapeutic use, what is important is to eradicate the pathogenic bacteria as fast as possible, so higher concentration of phages is generally needed for effective therapeutic function. On the contrary, for the maximum production, bacteria work as a phage producing factory. As a microbial cell factory, bacteria is needed to last longer producing the phages without eradication. Consequently, killing the bacteria fast has a negative effect on large production. In this study, Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) was manipulated based on initial bacterial inoculation and used phage pAh-6C which has therapeutic effect against Aeromonas hydrophila. 1, 5 and 10 percent of overnight bacterial culture was inoculated and each bacterial culture was co-cultured with the phage of which MOI of 0.01, 0.0001, and 0.000001 respectively. Simply changing the initial MOI as well as bacterial inoculation concentration has regulated the production quantity of the phage without any other changes to culture conditions. It is anticipated that this result can be used as a foundational data for mass production of lytic bacteriophages which can be used as the therapeutic bio-control agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriophage" title="bacteriophage">bacteriophage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplicity%20of%20infection" title=" multiplicity of infection"> multiplicity of infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aeromonas%20hydrophila" title=" Aeromonas hydrophila"> Aeromonas hydrophila</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82457/optimization-the-multiplicity-of-infection-for-large-produce-of-lytic-bacteriophage-pah6-c" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Purification and Pre-Crystallization of Recombinant PhoR Cytoplasmic Domain Protein from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oktira%20Roka%20Aji">Oktira Roka Aji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maelita%20R.%20Moeis"> Maelita R. Moeis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihsanawati"> Ihsanawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernawati%20A.%20Giri-Rachman"> Ernawati A. Giri-Rachman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains and extensively drug-resistant strains have become a major public concern. One of the potential candidates for drug target is the cytoplasmic domain of PhoR Histidine Kinase, a part of the Two Component System (TCS) PhoR-PhoP in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TCS PhoR-PhoP relay extracellular signal to control the expression of 114 virulent associated genes in Mtb. The 3D structure of PhoR cytoplasmic domain is needed to screen novel drugs using structure based drug discovery. The PhoR cytoplasmic domain from Mtb H37Rv was overexpressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), then purified using IMAC Ni-NTA Agarose his-tag affinity column and DEAE-ion exchange column chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated to be 37 kDa after SDS-PAGE analysis. This sample was used for pre-crystallization screening by applying sitting drop vapor diffusion method using Natrix (HR2-116) 48 solutions crystal screen kit at 25ºC. Needle-like crystals were observed after the seventh day of incubation in test solution No.47 (0.1 M KCl, 0.01 M MgCl2.6H2O, 0.05 M Tris-Cl pH 8.5, 30% v/v PEG 4000). Further testing is required for confirming the crystal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title="tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20component%20system" title=" two component system"> two component system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histidine%20kinase" title=" histidine kinase"> histidine kinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=needle-like%20crystals" title=" needle-like crystals"> needle-like crystals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13404/purification-and-pre-crystallization-of-recombinant-phor-cytoplasmic-domain-protein-from-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-h37rv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light 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