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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Subject–verb–object word order</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E2%80%93%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E2%80%93%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="কর্তা–ক্রিয়া–কর্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কর্তা–ক্রিয়া–কর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_SVO" title="Yezh SVO – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh SVO" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_SVO" title="Llengua SVO – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua SVO" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjekt-Verb-Objekt" title="Subjekt-Verb-Objekt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Subjekt-Verb-Objekt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO" title="SVO – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="SVO" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF-%CE%A1%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1-%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Υποκείμενο-Ρήμα-Αντικείμενο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υποκείμενο-Ρήμα-Αντικείμενο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujeto_verbo_objeto" title="Sujeto verbo objeto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sujeto verbo objeto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjekto_Verbo_Objekto" title="Subjekto Verbo Objekto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Subjekto Verbo Objekto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%E2%80%93%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84%E2%80%93%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%84" title="نهاد–فعل–مفعول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نهاد–فعل–مفعول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_SVO" title="Langue SVO – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue SVO" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO-folchoarder" title="SVO-folchoarder – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="SVO-folchoarder" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO%ED%98%95" title="SVO형 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SVO형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF_%D6%87_%D6%85%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF" title="Սուբյեկտ և օբյեկտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուբյեկտ և օբյեկտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjek-verba-objek" title="Subjek-verba-objek – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Subjek-verba-objek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soggetto_Verbo_Oggetto" title="Soggetto Verbo Oggetto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Soggetto Verbo Oggetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soggett_Verb_Oggett" title="Soggett Verb Oggett – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Soggett Verb Oggett" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO-nyelv" title="SVO-nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="SVO-nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Подмет-прирок-предмет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Подмет-прирок-предмет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84-%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%84" title="فاعل-فعل-مفعول – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فاعل-فعل-مفعول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO-volgorde" title="SVO-volgorde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SVO-volgorde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO%E5%9E%8B" title="SVO型 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SVO型" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suggetto_vierbo_oggetto" title="Suggetto vierbo oggetto – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Suggetto vierbo oggetto" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO-spr%C3%A5k" title="SVO-språk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SVO-språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO-spr%C3%A5k" title="SVO-språk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="SVO-språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO_(Subject_Verb_Object)" title="SVO (Subject Verb Object) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SVO (Subject Verb Object)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujeito-verbo-objeto" title="Sujeito-verbo-objeto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sujeito-verbo-objeto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryefjala-kall%C3%ABzuesi-kundrinori" title="Kryefjala-kallëzuesi-kundrinori – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryefjala-kallëzuesi-kundrinori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suggettu_verbu_uggettu" title="Suggettu verbu uggettu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Suggettu verbu uggettu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO-kieli" title="SVO-kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SVO-kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjekt%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93objekt-spr%C3%A5k" title="Subjekt–verb–objekt-språk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Subjekt–verb–objekt-språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="எழுவாய்-பயனிலை-செயப்படுபொருள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எழுவாய்-பயனிலை-செயப்படுபொருள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zne-fiil-nesne" title="Özne-fiil-nesne – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Özne-fiil-nesne" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO" title="SVO – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SVO" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7-%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng-t%C3%A2n_(SVO)" title="Chủ-động-tân (SVO) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ-động-tân (SVO)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVO_%E5%9E%8B" title="SVO 型 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="SVO 型" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%B3%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="主動賓語序 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主動賓語序" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q651641#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">Linguistic typology</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Morphological_typology" title="Morphological typology">Morphological</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_language" title="Analytic language">Analytic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isolating_language" title="Isolating language">Isolating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_language" title="Synthetic language">Synthetic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusional_language" title="Fusional language">Fusional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agglutinative_language" title="Agglutinative language">Agglutinative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysynthetic_language" title="Polysynthetic language">Polysynthetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligosynthetic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligosynthetic language">Oligosynthetic</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)#Paradigms_and_morphosyntax" title="Morphology (linguistics)">Morphosyntactic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morphosyntactic_alignment" title="Morphosyntactic alignment">Alignment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nominative%E2%80%93accusative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominative–accusative language">Nominative–accusative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marked_nominative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Marked nominative language">Marked nominative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergative–absolutive language">Ergative–absolutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_ergativity" title="Split ergativity">Split ergative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetrical_voice" title="Symmetrical voice">Symmetrical voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active%E2%80%93stative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Active–stative language">Active–stative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_alignment" title="Tripartite alignment">Tripartite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominative%E2%80%93absolutive_alignment" title="Nominative–absolutive alignment">Nominative–absolutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct%E2%80%93inverse_alignment" title="Direct–inverse alignment">Direct-inverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditransitive_verb#Ditransitive.2Fmonotransitive_alignment" title="Ditransitive verb">Ditransitive/Monotransitive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secundative_language" title="Secundative language">Secundative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirective_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indirective language">Indirective</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-marking_language" title="Zero-marking language">Zero-marking </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent-marking_language" title="Dependent-marking language">Dependent-marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-marking_language" title="Double-marking language">Double-marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-marking_language" title="Head-marking language">Head-marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null-subject_language" title="Null-subject language">Null-subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntactic_pivot" title="Syntactic pivot">Syntactic pivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_role" title="Theta role">Theta role</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Word_order" title="Word order">Word order</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Verb–object word order">VO languages</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Subject–verb–object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Verb–subject–object word order">Verb–subject–object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Verb–object–subject word order">Verb–object–subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Object–verb word order">OV languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Subject–object–verb word order">Subject–object–verb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Object–subject–verb word order">Object–subject–verb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Object–verb–subject word order">Object–verb–subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb-initial_word_order" title="Verb-initial word order">V1 word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Object–subject word order">OS word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_word_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Free word order">Free word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time%E2%80%93manner%E2%80%93place" title="Time–manner–place">Time–manner–place</a></li> <li>Place–manner–time</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">Lexicon</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_term" title="Color term">Color terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">Numerals</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linguistic_typology_topics" title="Template:Linguistic typology topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linguistic_typology_topics" title="Template talk:Linguistic typology topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistic_typology_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistic typology topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">linguistic typology</a>, <b>subject–verb–object</b> (<b>SVO</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics)" title="Sentence (linguistics)">sentence</a> structure where the <a href="/wiki/Subject_(grammar)" title="Subject (grammar)">subject</a> comes first, the <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> second, and the <a href="/wiki/Object_(grammar)" title="Object (grammar)">object</a> third. Languages may be classified according to the dominant sequence of these elements in unmarked sentences (i.e., sentences in which an unusual word order is not used for emphasis). English is included in this group. An example is "<b>Sam ate oranges</b>." </p><p>SVO is the second-most common order by number of known languages, after <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">SOV</a>. Together, SVO and SOV account for more than 87% of the world's languages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The label SVO often includes <a href="/wiki/Ergative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergative language">ergative languages</a> although they do not have nominative subjects. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Order</th> <th>Example</th> <th colspan="2">Usage</th> <th>Languages </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Subject–object–verb word order">SOV</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Sam oranges ate."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">45% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">45</span><div style="width:45px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abaza_language" title="Abaza language">Abaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language">Abkhaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avar_language" title="Avar language">Avar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burushaski_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Burushaski language">Burushaski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elamite_language" title="Elamite language">Elamite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hittite_language" title="Hittite language">Hittite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itelmen_language" title="Itelmen language">Itelmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_Tibetan" title="Lhasa Tibetan">Lhasa Tibetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nivkh_languages" title="Nivkh languages">Nivkh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yukaghir_languages" title="Yukaghir languages">Yukaghir</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SVO</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Sam ate oranges."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">42% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">42</span><div style="width:42px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">modern spoken varieties</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Average_European" title="Standard Average European">Standard Average European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Verb–subject–object word order">VSO</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Ate Sam oranges."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">9</span><div style="width:9px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">modern standard</a>), <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez" title="Geʽez">Geʽez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tongan_language" title="Tongan language">Tongan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Verb–object–subject word order">VOS</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Ate oranges Sam."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">3</span><div style="width:3px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Car_language" title="Car language">Car</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chumashan_languages" title="Chumashan languages">Chumash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Mayan languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otomanguean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomanguean languages">Otomanguean languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCeqchi%CA%BC_language" title="Qʼeqchiʼ language">Qʼeqchiʼ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salishan_languages" title="Salishan languages">Salishan languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%AAna_language" title="Terêna language">Terêna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Object–verb–subject word order">OVS</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Oranges ate Sam."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">1</span><div style="width:1px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hixkaryana_language" title="Hixkaryana language">Hixkaryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urarina_language" title="Urarina language">Urarina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Object–subject–verb word order">OSV</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Oranges Sam ate."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">0% </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tobati_language" title="Tobati language">Tobati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warao_language" title="Warao language">Warao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><span style="font-size:small;">Frequency distribution of word order in languages surveyed by Russell S. Tomlin in the 1980s<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer_2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer_2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tomlin_1986_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomlin_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="float:right;">(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_word_order_frequency" title="Template:Language word order frequency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Language_word_order_frequency" title="Template talk:Language word order frequency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Language_word_order_frequency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Language word order frequency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div>)</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_word_order&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subject–verb–object languages almost always place <a href="/wiki/Relative_clause" title="Relative clause">relative clauses</a> after the nouns which they modify and <a href="/wiki/Adverbial_subordinator" class="mw-redirect" title="Adverbial subordinator">adverbial subordinators</a> before the clause modified, with <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">varieties of Chinese</a> being notable exceptions. </p><p>Although some subject–verb–object languages in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, the best known being <a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a>, use <a href="/wiki/Postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Postposition">postpositions</a> in noun phrases, the vast majority of them, such as English, have <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">prepositions</a>. Most subject–verb–object languages place genitives after the noun, but a significant minority, including the postpositional SVO languages of West Africa, the <a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien languages</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a>, and European languages like Swedish, Danish, Lithuanian and Latvian have <i>prenominal</i> genitives<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as would be expected in an <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">SOV language</a>). </p><p>Non-European SVO languages usually have a strong tendency to place <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demonstrative" title="Demonstrative">demonstratives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">numerals</a> after the nouns that they modify, but Chinese, Vietnamese, Malaysian and Indonesian place numerals before nouns, as in English. Some linguists have come to view the numeral as the head in the relationship to fit the rigid right-branching of these languages.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a strong tendency, as in English, for main verbs to be preceded by auxiliaries: <i>I <b>am</b> thinking. He <b>should</b> reconsider.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_differences_and_variation">Language differences and variation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_word_order&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Language differences and variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Special:EditPage/Subject–verb–object word order">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An example of SVO order in English is: </p> <dl><dd><i>Andy ate cereal.</i></dd></dl> <p>In an <a href="/wiki/Analytic_language" title="Analytic language">analytic language</a> such as English, subject–verb–object order is relatively inflexible because it identifies which part of the sentence is the subject and which one is the object. ("The dog bit Andy" and "Andy bit the dog" mean two completely different things, while, in case of "Bit Andy the dog", it may be difficult to determine whether it is a complete sentence or a fragment, with "Andy the dog" the object and an omitted/implied subject.) </p><p>The situation is more complex in languages that have no strict order of V and O imposed by their grammar. e.g. <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>. Here, the ordering is rather governed by emphasis. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> allows the use of subject, verb, and object in any order and "shuffles" parts to bring up a slightly different contextual meaning each time. E.g. "любит она его" (loves she him) may be used to point out "she acts this way because she LOVES him", or "его она любит" (him she loves) is used in the context "if you pay attention, you'll see that HE is the one she truly loves", or "его любит она" (him loves she) may appear along the lines "I agree that cat is a disaster, but since my wife adores it and I adore her...". Regardless of order, it is clear that "его" is the object because it is in the <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative case</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, SVO order is basic in an affirmative sentence, and a different order is used to either emphasize some part of it or to adapt it to a broader context logic. For example, <span title="Polish-language text"><span lang="pl">"<i>Roweru</i> ci nie kupię"</span></span> (I won't buy you <i>a bicycle</i>), <span title="Polish-language text"><span lang="pl">"<i>Od piątej</i> czekam"</span></span> (I've been waiting <i>since five</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, it is normal to use <a href="/wiki/Subject-object-verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject-object-verb">SOV</a>, but SVO may be used sometimes to emphasize the verb. For example, "John terk etti Mary'yi" (Lit. <i>John/left/Mary</i>: John left Mary) is the answer to the question "What did John do with Mary?" instead of the regular [SOV] sentence "John Mary'yi terk etti" (Lit. <i>John/Mary/left</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a> display the order subject-verb-object in some, especially main clauses, but really are <a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">verb-second languages</a>, not SVO languages in the sense of a word order type.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have SOV in subordinate clauses, as given in Example 1 below. Example 2 shows the effect of verb second order: the first element in the clause that comes before the V need not be the subject. In Kashmiri, the word order in embedded clauses is conditioned by the category of the subordinating conjunction, as in Example 3. </p> <ol><li><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">"Er weiß, dass ich jeden Sonntag das Auto wasche."/"Hij weet dat ik elke zondag de auto was."</i></span> (German & Dutch respectively: "He knows that I wash the car each Sunday", lit. "He knows that I each Sunday the car wash".) Cf. the simple sentence <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">"Ich wasche das Auto jeden Sonntag."/ "Ik was de auto elke zondag."</i></span>, "I wash the car each Sunday."</li> <li>"Jeden Sonntag wasche ich das Auto."/"Elke zondag was ik de auto." (German & Dutch respectively: "Each Sunday I wash the car.", lit. "Each Sunday wash I the car."). "Ich wasche das Auto jeden Sonntag"/"Ik was de auto elke zondag" translates perfectly into English "I wash the car each Sunday", but preposing the adverbial results in a structure that is different from the English one.</li> <li>Kashmiri:</li></ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mye</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to.me</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ees</p><p style="margin: 0px;">was</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">phyikyir</p><p style="margin: 0px;">worry</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yithi.ni</p><p style="margin: 0px;">lest</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tsi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">you</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">temyis</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to.him</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ciThy</p><p style="margin: 0px;">letter</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"><b>dyikh</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b>will.give</b></p></div><p style="display: none;">mye ees phyikyir yithi.ni tsi temyis ciThy <b>dyikh</b></p><p style="display: none;">to.me was worry lest you to.him letter <b>will.give</b></p><p style="clear: left;">"I was afraid you might give him the letter"</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <dl><dd><dl><dd>If the embedded clause is introduced by the transparent conjunction <i>zyi</i> the SOV order changes to SVO. "mye ees phyikyir (zyi) tsi maa <b>dyikh</b> temyis ciThy".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>English developed from such a reordering language and still bears traces of this word order, for example in locative inversion ("In the garden <b>sat</b> a cat.") and some <a href="/wiki/Negative_inversion" title="Negative inversion">clauses beginning with negative expressions</a>: "only" ("Only then <b>do</b> we find X."), "not only" ("Not only <b>did</b> he storm away but also slammed the door."), "under no circumstances" ("under no circumstances <b>are</b> the students allowed to use a mobile phone"), "never" ("Never <b>have</b> I done that."), "on no account" and the like. In such cases, <a href="/wiki/Do-support" title="Do-support"><i>do</i>-support</a> is sometimes required, depending on the construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_word_order&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Subject–object–verb word order">Subject–object–verb word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Object–subject–verb word order">Object–subject–verb word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Object–verb–subject word order">Object–verb–subject word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Verb–object–subject word order">Verb–object–subject word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Verb–subject–object word order">Verb–subject–object word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_languages" title="Category:Subject–verb–object languages">Category:Subject–verb–object languages</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_word_order&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrystal1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Crystal" title="David Crystal">Crystal, David</a> (1997). <i>The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55967-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55967-7"><bdi>0-521-55967-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Encyclopedia+of+Language&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-55967-7&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyer_2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meyer_2010_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2010" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Charles F. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MWbrvUiYzSkC&pg=PA36"><i>Introducing English Linguistics</i></a> (Student ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+English+Linguistics&rft.edition=Student&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMWbrvUiYzSkC%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tomlin_1986-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tomlin_1986_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlin1986" class="citation book cs1">Tomlin, Russell S. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13423631"><i>Basic Word Order: Functional Principles</i></a>. London: Croom Helm. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780709924999" title="Special:BookSources/9780709924999"><bdi>9780709924999</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13423631">13423631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Word+Order%3A+Functional+Principles&rft.place=London&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13423631&rft.isbn=9780709924999&rft.aulast=Tomlin&rft.aufirst=Russell+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F13423631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wals.info/feature/description/86">"Order of Genitive and Noun"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Order+of+Genitive+and+Noun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwals.info%2Ffeature%2Fdescription%2F86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonohue2007" class="citation journal cs1">Donohue, Mark (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328172606/http://austronesian.linguistics.anu.edu.au/historydownloads/Donohue_2007_AN%20word%20order.pdf">"Word order in Austronesian from north to south and west to east"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Linguistic Typology</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 379. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2FLINGTY.2007.026">10.1515/LINGTY.2007.026</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49214413">49214413</a></span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://austronesian.linguistics.anu.edu.au/historydownloads/Donohue_2007_AN%20word%20order.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on Mar 28, 2019 – via Austronesian linguistics - ANU.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Linguistic+Typology&rft.atitle=Word+order+in+Austronesian+from+north+to+south+and+west+to+east&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=379&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2FLINGTY.2007.026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A49214413%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Donohue&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faustronesian.linguistics.anu.edu.au%2Fhistorydownloads%2FDonohue_2007_AN%2520word%2520order.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBielec2007" class="citation book cs1">Bielec, Dana (2007). <i>Polish, An Essential Grammar</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 272.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polish%2C+An+Essential+Grammar&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Bielec&rft.aufirst=Dana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The typological database WALS treats German as a language without fixed basic order; see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wals.info/chapter/81">WALS chapter 81</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHookKoul1996" class="citation news cs1">Hook, P. E. & Koul, O. N. (1996). Lakshmi, V.S. & Mukherjee, A. (eds.). "Kashmiri as a V-2 language". <i>Word order in Indian languages</i>. <a href="/wiki/Osmania_University" title="Osmania University">Osmania University</a>: Centre of Advanced Study in Linguistics. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85194-42-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-85194-42-4"><bdi>81-85194-42-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Word+order+in+Indian+languages&rft.atitle=Kashmiri+as+a+V-2+language&rft.pages=102&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=81-85194-42-4&rft.aulast=Hook&rft.aufirst=P.+E.&rft.au=Koul%2C+O.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subject–verb–object_word_order&oldid=1256304221">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subject–verb–object_word_order&oldid=1256304221</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_languages" title="Category:Subject–verb–object languages">Subject–verb–object languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Word_order" title="Category:Word order">Word order</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2023">Articles needing additional references from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Polish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Polish-language text">Articles containing Polish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 November 2024, at 07:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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