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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="هيو ملك إيطاليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيو ملك إيطاليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE_I_(%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Хуго I (Италия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хуго I (Италия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huon_Arle" title="Huon Arle – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Huon Arle" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hug_d%27Arle" title="Hug d'Arle – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hug d'Arle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_I._Italsk%C3%BD" title="Hugo I. Italský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hugo I. Italský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_I._(Italien)" title="Hugo I. (Italien) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hugo I. (Italien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%8D%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ούγος της Προβηγκίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ούγος της Προβηγκίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_de_Arl%C3%A9s" title="Hugo de Arlés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hugo de Arlés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugues_d%27Arles" title="Hugues d'Arles – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hugues d'Arles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugues_dari_Italia" title="Hugues dari Italia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hugues dari Italia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugo_di_Provenza" title="Ugo di Provenza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ugo di Provenza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="הוגו מפרובאנס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הוגו מפרובאנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hug%C3%B3_it%C3%A1liai_kir%C3%A1ly" title="Hugó itáliai király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hugó itáliai király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="هيو ملك ايطاليا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيو ملك ايطاليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_van_Arles" title="Hugo van Arles – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hugo van Arles" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B4_(%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E7%8E%8B)" title="ウーゴ (イタリア王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウーゴ (イタリア王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_av_Italia" title="Hugo av Italia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hugo av Italia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugues_d%27Arle" title="Ugues d'Arle – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ugues d'Arle" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_z_Arles" title="Hugo z Arles – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hugo z Arles" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_de_Arles" title="Hugo de Arles – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hugo de Arles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гуго Арльский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуго Арльский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Иго од Италије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иго од Италије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_av_Italien" title="Hugo av Italien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hugo av Italien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Гуго (король Італії) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуго (король Італії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_van_Arles" title="Hugo van Arles – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hugo van Arles" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8B%92%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8E%E6%A0%BC" title="阿爾勒的于格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿爾勒的于格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q378763#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Hugh</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ugo_rex.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Ugo_rex.png/170px-Ugo_rex.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Ugo_rex.png/255px-Ugo_rex.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Ugo_rex.png/340px-Ugo_rex.png 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="957" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Hugh as depicted in the 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Cartulary" title="Cartulary">cartulary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_San_Clemente_a_Casauria" title="Abbey of San Clemente a Casauria">San Clemente Abbey</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">926–947</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_II_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph II of Burgundy">Rudolph</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 880</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Provence">Kingdom of Provence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 April 947 (aged 66–67)<br />Arles, Kingdom of Provence</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Willa of Provence</li> <li>Alda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marozia" title="Marozia">Marozia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Swabia" title="Bertha of Swabia">Bertha of Swabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alda_of_Vienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alda of Vienne (page does not exist)">Alda of Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair II of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert,_Duke_of_Spoleto" title="Hubert, Duke of Spoleto">Hubert, Duke of Spoleto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theobald_of_Arles" title="Theobald of Arles">Theobald, Count of Arles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bertha,_daughter_of_Lothair_II" title="Bertha, daughter of Lothair II">Bertha of Lotharingia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian Christianity</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hugh</b> (c. 880–947), known as <b>Hugh of Arles</b> or <b>Hugh of Provence</b>, was the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">king of Italy</a> from 926 until his death. He belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Bosonid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosonid">Bosonid</a> family. During his reign, he empowered his relatives at the expense of the aristocracy and tried to establish a relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. He had success in defending the realm from external enemies, but his domestic habits and policies created many internal foes and he was removed from power before his death. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Italy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hugh of Arles was born in 880/1,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeller1971_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeller1971-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the eldest surviving son of Count <a href="/wiki/Theobald_of_Arles" title="Theobald of Arles">Theobald of Arles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bertha,_daughter_of_Lothair_II" title="Bertha, daughter of Lothair II">Bertha of Lotharingia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917338_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917338-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By inheritance, he was <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Arles">count of Arles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Vienne" title="Count of Vienne">Vienne</a>, which made him one of the most important and influential nobles in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Provence">Kingdom of Provence</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Louis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Louis III">Emperor Louis III</a> was captured, blinded, and exiled from Italy in 905, Hugh became his chief adviser in Provence and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a>. By 911, most of the royal prerogatives were exercised by Hugh and Louis ceded him the titles <i>dux</i> of Provence and <i>marchio</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Viennois" class="mw-redirect" title="Viennois">Viennois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1983267_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1983267-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved the capital to his family's chief seat of <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a> and in 912 married <a href="/wiki/Willa_of_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="Willa of Provence">Willa</a>, widow of King <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph I of Burgundy">Rudolph I of Burgundy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hugh then unsuccessfully attempted to take Burgundy from Rudolph's son, <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_II_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph II of Burgundy">Rudolph II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At an unknown date, a Provençal army led by Hugh, his brother <a href="/wiki/Boso_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Boso of Tuscany">Boso</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Taillefer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Taillefer (page does not exist)">Hugh Taillefer</a> invaded Lombardy with the support of Hugh's mother. On the basis of the account of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Porphyrogenitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Porphyrogenitus">Constantine Porphyrogenitus</a>, this event has been dated to as late as 923–924, but the account of <a href="/wiki/Liutprand_of_Cremona" title="Liutprand of Cremona">Liutprand of Cremona</a> dates the event earlier, between 917 and 920.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917340_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917340-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 922, a sizable faction of Italian nobles revolted against the by-then <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Berengar" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Berengar">Emperor Berengar</a> and elected Rudolph II as their king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This started a civil war, which resulted in Berengar's death in 924.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="King">King</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Italy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: King"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rather than accept Rudolph, Berengar's partisans now elected Hugh as king (925).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917340_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917340-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rudolph was ejected from Italy in 926 and Hugh crossed the Alps to be crowned. In his absence, Louis of Provence transferred his county of Vienne to <a href="/wiki/Charles-Constantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Constantine">Charles-Constantine</a>. Louis died on 5 June 928 and Hugh returned to Provence to sort out a succession. </p><p>For whatever reasons,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (September 2020)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> neither Charles Constantine nor Hugh was elected king, but Hugh annexed the kingdom to Italy <i>de facto</i>, issuing diplomata concerning Provence from his Italian chancery in a royal style. He also took control of the right to grant fiefs in Provence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his early years of reign, Hugh somewhat improved the central administration of the kingdom, achieving rather more (though not total) success against the <a href="/wiki/Magyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyars">Magyar</a> raids that had been plaguing Italy for several decades. </p><p>In September 928, Hugh met with <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_of_France" title="Rudolph of France">Rudolph of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_II_of_Vermandois" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert II of Vermandois">Herbert II of Vermandois</a> in Burgundy. Hugh granted Herbert's son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odo_of_Vermandois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odo of Vermandois (page does not exist)">Odo</a> Vienne in opposition to Charles Constantine. He was still in conflict with Rudolph of Burgundy and hoped to ally with the King of France against the Burgundian monarch. By 930, however, Charles was in complete control of Vienne and by 931, Rudolph of France was claiming suzerainty over the <a href="/wiki/Viennois" class="mw-redirect" title="Viennois">Viennois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyonnais" title="Lyonnais">Lyonnais</a>. In light of these reverses in his transalpine policy, Hugh turned his attention towards securing his rule in Italy and receiving the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">imperial crown</a>. He induced the Italian nobility to recognise his son <a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair</a> as their next king and crowned him in April 931. That same year, he accused his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambert of Tuscany">Lambert of Tuscany</a> of conspiring for the crown – perhaps with the support of a faction of nobles – and deposed him, bestowing the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Tuscany" title="March of Tuscany">March of Tuscany</a> on his brother Boso. Hugh, however, had other reasons for deposing Lambert, who presented an obstacle to his second marriage to <a href="/wiki/Marozia" title="Marozia">Marozia</a>. Lambert's supporters called in Rudolph of Burgundy, whom Hugh bribed off with the gift of the Viennois and Lyonnais, which Rudolph successfully occupied. In 933, Rudolph relinquished all his rights to Italy. </p><p>In 936, Hugh replaced Boso of Tuscany with his own son <a href="/wiki/Hubert_of_Spoleto" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert of Spoleto">Humbert</a>. He granted <a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octavion (page does not exist)">Octavion</a> in the Viennois to Hugh Taillefer and patched up his relations with Charles Constantine in a final effort to save influence in Provence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_marriage">Second marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Italy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, Hugh's attempt to strengthen his power further by a second marriage failed disastrously. His bride was <a href="/wiki/Marozia" title="Marozia">Marozia</a>, <i>senatrix</i> and effective ruler of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and widow first of <a href="/wiki/Alberic_I_of_Spoleto" title="Alberic I of Spoleto">Alberic I of Spoleto</a> and then of Hugh's own half-brother <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Guy of Tuscany">Guy of Tuscany</a>. This last fact, though, meant that the marriage was illegal under <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">canon law</a>, because of the relationship of <a href="/wiki/Affinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Affinity (Catholic canon law)">affinity</a> between them – a matter that Hugh tried to circumvent by disowning and eliminating the descendants of his mother's second marriage and giving Tuscany to a relative on his father's side of the family, Boso. This in turn, however, alarmed <a href="/wiki/Alberic_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberic II">Alberic II</a>, Marozia's teenage son or stepson from her first marriage, who, appealing to Roman distrust of the foreign troops Hugh had brought with him, launched a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> during the wedding festivities. Hugh managed to flee the castle by sliding down a rope and rejoining his army, but Marozia was imprisoned until her death a few years later. </p><p>Hugh's power in Italy was damaged but not destroyed by these events. To strengthen his hand in the affairs of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, he tonsured his younger illegitimate son, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tebald,_Archdeacon_of_Milan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tebald, Archdeacon of Milan (page does not exist)">Tebald</a>, to groom him for the position of <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Milan">Archbishop of Milan</a>; however, the ancient cleric, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arderic,_Archbishop_of_Milan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arderic, Archbishop of Milan (page does not exist)">Arderic</a>, whom he installed <i>pro tem</i> lived another twenty-two years. He continued to organise the fight against the Magyars and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalusian</a> pirates based at <a href="/wiki/Fraxinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraxinet">Fraxinet</a> in Provence. Active, if sometimes dubious, diplomacy paid off. He concluded a treaty with Rudolph in 933 by which Rudolf abandoned his claims to Italy in return for being handed Provence over the heads of Louis the Blind's heirs and the marriage of Rudolph's daughter <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Italy" title="Adelaide of Italy">Adelaide</a> to Hugh's son Lothair. Friendly relations were maintained with the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and, in 942, Hugh even came to terms with Alberic, who married one of Hugh's daughters. </p><p>Within the kingdom, Hugh intensified his existing habit of giving any available offices or lands to relations, including his numerous legitimate and illegitimate progeny, and a small circle of old and trusted friends. The effect this had on Italian nobles who saw this as a threat eventually resulted in rebellion. In 941, Hugh expelled <a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Ivrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Berengar of Ivrea">Berengar of Ivrea</a> from Italy and abolished the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Ivrea" title="March of Ivrea">March of Ivrea</a>. In 945, Berengar returned from exile in Germany and defeated Hugh in battle. By a diet Berengar held at Milan, Hugh was deposed, though he managed to come to terms by which he nominally kept the crown and the title <i>rex</i> (king) but returned to Provence, leaving Lothair as nominal king, but with all real power in Berengar's hands. </p><p>Hugh retired to Provence, but continued to carry the royal title until 947. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Italy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By four wives and at least four mistresses, Hugh left eight children. With his first wife, Willa of Provence, Hugh had no children. His only legitimate children were both from his second wife, Alda or Hilda, of German origin, whom he married before 924. </p> <ul><li>Alda of Vienne,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1988417_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1988417-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who married <a href="/wiki/Alberic_II_of_Spoleto" title="Alberic II of Spoleto">Alberic II of Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1988417_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1988417-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hugh's successor.</li></ul> <p>By his third wife, <a href="/wiki/Marozia" title="Marozia">Marozia</a>, and his fourth, <a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Swabia" title="Bertha of Swabia">Bertha of Swabia</a>, widow of Rudolph II,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999341_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999341-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hugh had no children. Hugh had several illegitimate children with several mistresses. By a noblewoman named Wandelmoda: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert,_Duke_of_Spoleto" title="Hubert, Duke of Spoleto">Hubert, Duke of Spoleto</a>, to whom he gave Tuscany</li></ul> <p>By low-born mistress named Pezola, and whom the people called Venerem: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eudokia_of_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eudokia of Italy (page does not exist)">Bertha</a>, who married the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Emperor">Byzantine Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a> and took the name Eudokia (Eudocia). She inherited her father's lands in Provence.</li> <li>Boso, who became <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Piacenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Piacenza">Bishop of Piacenza</a> and imperial chancellor.</li></ul> <p>By <a href="/wiki/Rotruda_of_Pavia" title="Rotruda of Pavia">Rotruda of Pavia</a>, called Iunonem by the people and widow of <a href="/wiki/Giselbert_I_of_Bergamo" title="Giselbert I of Bergamo">Giselbert I of Bergamo</a>: </p> <ul><li>Rotlind or Rolend, who married <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard,_Count_of_Pavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard, Count of Pavia (page does not exist)">Bernard, Count of Pavia</a>.</li></ul> <p>By a Roman woman named Stephanie, to whom the people gave the nickname Semelen: </p> <ul><li>Tebald, whom Hugh tried to make Archbishop of Milan.</li></ul> <p>By an unknown mistress: </p> <ul><li>Geoffrey, <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Nonantola" title="Abbey of Nonantola">Abbot of Nonantola</a></li></ul> <p>A young page educated at Hugh's court at the traditional Lombard capital, <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a>, grew up to be <a href="/wiki/Liutprand_of_Cremona" title="Liutprand of Cremona">Liutprand</a>, Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona">Cremona</a> and chronicler of the 10th century; his loyalty to the memory of Hugh may have helped fuel some of his partisan bitterness in chronicling Hugh's heirs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Italy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeller1971-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeller1971_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeller1971">Keller 1971</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917338-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917338_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrevité-Orton1917">Previté-Orton 1917</a>, p. 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1983267-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1983267_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKitterick1983">McKitterick 1983</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999340-341_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBouchard1999">Bouchard 1999</a>, p. 340-341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917340-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917340_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1917340_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrevité-Orton1917">Previté-Orton 1917</a>, p. 340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1988417-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1988417_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1988417_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBouchard1988">Bouchard 1988</a>, p. 417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999341-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouchard1999341_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBouchard1999">Bouchard 1999</a>, p. 341.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_of_Italy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBalzaretti2016" class="citation journal cs1">Balzaretti, Ross (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7226629">"Hugh of Arles (<i>c</i>. 885–948) and His Family: Narratives of Failure in the <i>Regnum Italiae</i>"</a>. <i>Early Medieval Europe</i>. <b>24</b> (2): 185–208. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Femed.12140">10.1111/emed.12140</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153782559">153782559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+Medieval+Europe&rft.atitle=Hugh+of+Arles+%28c.+885%E2%80%93948%29+and+His+Family%3A+Narratives+of+Failure+in+the+Regnum+Italiae&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=185-208&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Femed.12140&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153782559%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Balzaretti&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F7226629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouchard1988" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Bouchard, Constance B. (1988). "The Bosonids or Rising to Power in the Late Carolingian Age". <i>French Historical Studies</i>. 15, No. 3 (Spring). Duke University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Bosonids+or+Rising+to+Power+in+the+Late+Carolingian+Age&rft.volume=15%2C+No.+3+%28Spring%29&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Bouchard&rft.aufirst=Constance+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouchard1999" class="citation book cs1">Bouchard, Constance Brittain (1999). "Burgundy and Provence, 879–1032". In Reuter, Timothy; McKitterick, Rosamond (eds.). <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History, c.900-c.1024</i>. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Burgundy+and+Provence%2C+879%E2%80%931032&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History%2C+c.900-c.1024&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Bouchard&rft.aufirst=Constance+Brittain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller1971" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Keller, Hagen (1971). "Bosone di Toscana". <i>Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</i>. Vol. 13. Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bosone+di+Toscana&rft.btitle=Dizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Istituto+dell%27Enciclopedia+Italiana&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Hagen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLlewellyn1971" class="citation book cs1">Llewellyn, Peter (1971). <i>Rome in the Dark Ages</i>. Constable. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-472150-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-472150-5"><bdi>0-09-472150-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+in+the+Dark+Ages&rft.pub=Constable&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-09-472150-5&rft.aulast=Llewellyn&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterick1983" class="citation book cs1">McKitterick, Rosamond (1983). <i>The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751–987</i>. London: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-49005-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-49005-7"><bdi>0-582-49005-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frankish+Kingdoms+under+the+Carolingians%2C+751%E2%80%93987&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-582-49005-7&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrevité-Orton1917" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Previt%C3%A9-Orton" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles William Previté-Orton">Previté-Orton, C. W.</a> (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1431746">"Italy and Provence, 900–950"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Historical_Review" title="The English Historical Review">The English Historical Review</a></i>. <b>32</b> (127): 335–347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2Fxxxii.cxxvii.335">10.1093/ehr/xxxii.cxxvii.335</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/551042">551042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Italy+and+Provence%2C+900%E2%80%93950&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=127&rft.pages=335-347&rft.date=1917&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2Fxxxii.cxxvii.335&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F551042%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Previt%C3%A9-Orton&rft.aufirst=C.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1431746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiché1993" class="citation book cs1">Riché, Pierre (1993). <i>The Carolingians: a family who forged Europe</i>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1342-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1342-4"><bdi>0-8122-1342-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carolingians%3A+a+family+who+forged+Europe&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8122-1342-4&rft.aulast=Rich%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf II of Burgundy">Rudolph</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a> </b><br />926–947 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lothar_II_of_Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothar II of Arles">Lothair II</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">Kings of Italy</a> between 476 and 1556</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer <span style="font-size:85%;">(476–493)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/100px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/150px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/200px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric <span style="font-size:85%;">(493–526)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athalaric" title="Athalaric">Athalaric <span style="font-size:85%;">(526–534)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodahad" title="Theodahad">Theodahad <span style="font-size:85%;">(534–536)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitiges" title="Vitiges">Vitiges <span style="font-size:85%;">(536–540)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ildibad" title="Ildibad">Ildibad <span style="font-size:85%;">(540–541)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eraric" title="Eraric">Eraric <span style="font-size:85%;">(541)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Totila <span style="font-size:85%;">(541–552)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teia" title="Teia">Teia <span style="font-size:85%;">(552–553)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboin" title="Alboin">Alboin <span style="font-size:85%;">(568–572)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleph" title="Cleph">Cleph <span style="font-size:85%;">(572–574)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Dukes" title="Rule of the Dukes"><i>Interregnum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(574–584)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authari" title="Authari">Authari <span style="font-size:85%;">(584–590)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(590–616)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald <span style="font-size:85%;">(616–626)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arioald" title="Arioald">Arioald <span style="font-size:85%;">(626–636)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothari" title="Rothari">Rothari <span style="font-size:85%;">(636-652)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodoald" title="Rodoald">Rodoald <span style="font-size:85%;">(652–653)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_I" title="Aripert I">Aripert I <span style="font-size:85%;">(653–661)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godepert" title="Godepert">Godepert <span style="font-size:85%;">(661–662)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit <span style="font-size:85%;">(661–662)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Grimoald, King of the Lombards">Grimoald <span style="font-size:85%;">(662–671)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garibald" title="Garibald">Garibald <span style="font-size:85%;">(671)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit <span style="font-size:85%;">(671–688)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert <span style="font-size:85%;">(688–689)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alahis" title="Alahis">Alahis <span style="font-size:85%;">(689)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert <span style="font-size:85%;">(689–700)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutpert" title="Liutpert">Liutpert <span style="font-size:85%;">(700–702)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raginpert" title="Raginpert">Raginpert <span style="font-size:85%;">(701)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_II" title="Aripert II">Aripert II <span style="font-size:85%;">(702–712)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansprand" title="Ansprand">Ansprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(712)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Liutprand, King of the Lombards">Liutprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(712–744)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildeprand" title="Hildeprand">Hildeprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(744)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratchis" title="Ratchis">Ratchis <span style="font-size:85%;">(744–749)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(749–756)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius">Desiderius <span style="font-size:85%;">(756–774)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne <span style="font-size:85%;">(774–814)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin <span style="font-size:85%;">(781–810)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Italy" title="Bernard of Italy">Bernard <span style="font-size:85%;">(810–818)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I <span style="font-size:85%;">(818–855)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis I <span style="font-size:85%;">(855–875)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II <span style="font-size:85%;">(875–877)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman <span style="font-size:85%;">(877–879)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III <span style="font-size:85%;">(879–887)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(896–899)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratold_of_Italy" title="Ratold of Italy">Ratold <span style="font-size:85%;">(896)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic<br />(title disputed 887–933)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Unruochings" title="Unruochings">Unruochings</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar I <span style="font-size:85%;">(887–924)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Widonids" title="Widonids">Guideschi</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy <span style="font-size:85%;">(889–894)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert <span style="font-size:85%;">(891–897)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Elder_House_of_Welf" title="Elder House of Welf">Welfs</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_II_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph II of Burgundy">Rudolph <span style="font-size:85%;">(922–933)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis II <span style="font-size:85%;">(900–905)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hugh <span style="font-size:85%;">(926–947)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair II <span style="font-size:85%;">(945–950)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anscarids" title="Anscarids">Anscarids</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy" title="Berengar II of Italy">Berengar II <span style="font-size:85%;">(950–963)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_of_Italy" title="Adalbert of Italy">Adalbert <span style="font-size:85%;">(950–963)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a> within <br /> the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br /> (962–1556)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I <span style="font-size:85%;">(962–973)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II <span style="font-size:85%;">(980–983)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III <span style="font-size:85%;">(996–1002)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arduin_of_Ivrea" title="Arduin of Ivrea">Arduin I <span style="font-size:85%;">(1002–1014)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1004–1024)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1026–1039)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1039–1056)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1056–1105)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1093–1101)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V <span style="font-size:85%;">(1106–1125)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III (or II) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1125–1137)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1138–1152)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I <span style="font-size:85%;">(1154–1186)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI <span style="font-size:85%;">(1186–1197)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1209–1212)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1212–1250)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII <span style="font-size:85%;">(1311–1313)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1327–1347)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1355–1378)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund <span style="font-size:85%;">(1431–1437)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1452–1493)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V <span style="font-size:85%;">(1530–1556)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378763#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/137948743">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hugo <re d'Italia>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV124670">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/141676">Vatican</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd137948743.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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