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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ancient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Celtic_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Celtic origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celtic_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_military_outpost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_military_outpost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Roman military outpost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_military_outpost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Destruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Destruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Re-emergence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Re-emergence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Re-emergence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Re-emergence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lombard_Possession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lombard_Possession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Lombard Possession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lombard_Possession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_Roman_Vassal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Roman_Vassal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Holy Roman Vassal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Roman_Vassal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_Commune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_Commune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Medieval Commune</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_Commune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Anti-Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pro-Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Pro-Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lombard_League" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lombard_League"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Lombard League</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lombard_League-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seignory_Lords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seignory_Lords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Seignory Lords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seignory_Lords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_occupations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_occupations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Foreign occupations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_occupations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Venice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Venice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Republic of Venice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Venice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.3</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_—_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_—_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Twin towns — sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_—_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cremona</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_(%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="كرمونة (إيطاليا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرمونة (إيطاليا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremona" title="Kremona – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kremona" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کرمونا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کرمونا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Крэмона – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крэмона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Крэмона – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крэмона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кремона – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кремона" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Cremona (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cremona (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Κρεμόνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρεμόνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmona" title="Carmona – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Carmona" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremono" title="Kremono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kremono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کرمونا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرمونا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9mone" title="Crémone – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Crémone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremone" title="Cremone – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cremone" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%EB%AA%A8%EB%82%98" title="크레모나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크레모나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Կրեմոնա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կրեմոնա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Кремонæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кремонæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECremona" title="ECremona – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ECremona" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="קרמונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרמונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кремона – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кремона" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremona" title="Kremona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kremona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremona" title="Kremona – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kremona" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremonn-a" title="Cremonn-a – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cremonn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crem%C3%B9na" title="Cremùna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cremùna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रेमोना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्रेमोना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="كريمونا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كريمونا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona_(stad)" title="Cremona (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cremona (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8A" title="クレモナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クレモナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кремона – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кремона" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremon-a" title="Cremon-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cremon-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кремона – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кремона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रेमोना – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्रेमोना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona_(mesto)" title="Cremona (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cremona (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кремона – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кремона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кремона – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кремона" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="เกรโมนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกรโมนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%CE%B5mona" title="Krεmona – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Krεmona" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кремона – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кремона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کریمونا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کریمونا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%BA%B3" title="克雷莫纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克雷莫纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E8%8E%AB%E7%B4%8D" title="克里莫納 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="克里莫納" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cremona" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%B4%8D" title="克雷莫納 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克雷莫納" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cremona&params=45_08_00_N_10_01_29_E_region:IT_type:city(71223)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°08′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°01′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.13333°N 10.02472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.13333; 10.02472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For motor racing, see <a href="/wiki/Cremona_Circuit" title="Cremona Circuit">Cremona Circuit</a>. For Other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cremona_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cremona (disambiguation)">Cremona (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cremonese" redirects here. For the football team, see <a href="/wiki/U.S._Cremonese" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Cremonese">U.S. Cremonese</a>. For the dialect, see <a href="/wiki/Cremun%C3%A9s_dialect" title="Cremunés dialect">Cremunés dialect</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Lombardy, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Cremona</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="it"><span title="Lombard-language text"><i lang="lmo">Cremùna</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>Comune di Cremona</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremona_centro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Cremona"><img alt="Panorama of Cremona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cremona_centro.jpg/300px-Cremona_centro.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cremona_centro.jpg/450px-Cremona_centro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cremona_centro.jpg/600px-Cremona_centro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="463" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Panorama of Cremona</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cremona.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cremona"><img alt="Flag of Cremona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Cremona.svg/100px-Flag_of_Cremona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Cremona.svg/150px-Flag_of_Cremona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Cremona.svg/200px-Flag_of_Cremona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremona-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Cremona"><img alt="Coat of arms of Cremona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cremona-Stemma.svg/78px-Cremona-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cremona-Stemma.svg/117px-Cremona-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cremona-Stemma.svg/156px-Cremona-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Cremona</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_575e327afa0916580259152819e1b8e20b3921e5"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cremona&revid=1254691047&groups=_575e327afa0916580259152819e1b8e20b3921e5" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cremona&revid=1254691047&groups=_575e327afa0916580259152819e1b8e20b3921e5 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cremona is located in Italy"><img alt="Cremona is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.733%;left:29.881%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cremona"><img alt="Cremona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Cremona</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Cremona in Italy</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cremona is located in Lombardy"><img alt="Cremona is located in Lombardy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg/250px-Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg/375px-Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg/500px-Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="717" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.22%;left:51.542%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cremona"><img alt="Cremona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Cremona</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Cremona (Lombardy)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Lombardy</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cremona&params=45_08_00_N_10_01_29_E_region:IT_type:city(71223)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°08′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°01′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.13333°N 10.02472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.13333; 10.02472</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cremona" title="Province of Cremona">Cremona</a> (CR)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Andrea Virgilio (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">PD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">69.7 km<sup>2</sup> (26.9 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">47 m (154 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1 January 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">71,223</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,000/km<sup>2</sup> (2,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Cremonesi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">26100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0372</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">ISTAT</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ottomilacensus.istat.it/comune/019/019036">019036 </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data">St. <a href="/wiki/Homobonus" class="mw-redirect" title="Homobonus">Homobonus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">13 November</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.cremona.it">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cremona</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>also</small> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[kreˈmoːna]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Cremun%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremunés">Cremunés</a>: <i lang="lmo">Cremùna</i>; <a href="/wiki/Emilian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilian language">Emilian</a>: <i lang="egl">Carmona</i>) is a city and <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a></i> in northern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, situated in <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, on the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Po_(river)" title="Po (river)">Po river</a> in the middle of the <i>Pianura Padana</i> (<a href="/wiki/Po_Valley" title="Po Valley">Po Valley</a>). It is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cremona" title="Province of Cremona">province of Cremona</a> and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned <a href="/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier">luthiers</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Guarneri" title="Giuseppe Guarneri">Giuseppe Guarneri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Stradivari" title="Antonio Stradivari">Antonio Stradivari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rugeri" title="Francesco Rugeri">Francesco Rugeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Rugeri" title="Vincenzo Rugeri">Vincenzo Rugeri</a>, and several members of the <a href="/wiki/Amati" title="Amati">Amati</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cremona" title="Timeline of Cremona">Timeline of Cremona</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Celtic_origin">Celtic origin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Celtic origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cremona is first mentioned in history as a settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Cenomani_(Cisalpine_Gaul)" title="Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul)">Cenomani</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gallic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a>) tribe that arrived in the <a href="/wiki/Po_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Po River">Po</a> valley around 400 BC. However, the name Cremona most likely dates back to earlier settlers and puzzled the ancients, who gave many fanciful interpretations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roman_military_outpost">Roman military outpost</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Roman military outpost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 218 BC the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> established on that spot their first military outpost (a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)" title="Colonia (Roman)">colonia</a></i></span>) north of the Po river, and kept the old name. Cremona and nearby Placentia (modern <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a>, on the south bank of the Po), were founded in the same year, as bases for penetration into what became the Roman <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">Province</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Cisalpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Cisalpina">Gallia Cisalpina</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a>). Due to the trade importance of the town, from it started the <a href="/wiki/Via_Brixiana" title="Via Brixiana">Via Brixiana</a> a <a href="/wiki/Roman_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman road">Roman road</a> which connected <i>Brixia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>) to Cremona.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cremona quickly grew into one of the largest towns in northern Italy, as it was on the main road connecting <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aquileia" title="Aquileia">Aquileia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Via_Postumia" title="Via Postumia">Via Postumia</a>. It supplied troops to <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and benefited from his rule, but later supported <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Iunius_Brutus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Iunius Brutus">Marcus Iunius Brutus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Senate</a> in their conflict with <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, who, having won, in 40 BC confiscated Cremona's land and redistributed it to his men. The famous poet <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, who went to school in Cremona, had to forfeit his ancestral farm ("too close to wretched Cremona"), but later regained it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Destruction">Destruction</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Destruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's prosperity continued to increase until 69 AD, when it was sacked and destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bedriacum#Second_Battle_of_Bedriacum" title="Battle of Bedriacum">Second Battle of Bedriacum</a> by the troops of <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> under command of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Antonius_Primus" title="Marcus Antonius Primus">Marcus Antonius Primus</a>, fighting to install him as Emperor against his rival <a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a>. The sacking was described by <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> in Histories.<sup id="cite_ref-a_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cremona was rebuilt with the help of the new emperor Vespasian, but it seems to have failed to regain its former prosperity as it disappeared from history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Re-emergence">Re-emergence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Re-emergence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 6th century, it resurfaced as a military outpost of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire during the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(535%E2%80%93554)" title="Gothic War (535–554)">Gothic War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Middle_Ages">Early Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> invaded much of Italy in the second half of the 6th century AD, Cremona remained a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> stronghold as part of the <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a>. The city expanded towards the north-west, with the creation of a great trenched camp outside the walls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lombard_Possession">Lombard Possession</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lombard Possession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 603 AD, Cremona was conquered by the Lombard King <a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf</a> and again destroyed. Its territory was divided between the two duchies of <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a>. </p><p>However, in 615 AD, Queen <a href="/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda">Theodelinda</a>, a devout Roman Catholic intent on converting her people, had Cremona rebuilt and re-installed a bishop there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Holy_Roman_Vassal">Holy Roman Vassal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Holy Roman Vassal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Control of the city fell increasingly to its bishop, who became a <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> vassal after <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>'s conquest of Italy. In this way, Cremona increased its power and its prosperity steadily and some of its bishops had important roles between the 10th and 11th centuries. Bishop <a href="/wiki/Liutprand_of_Cremona" title="Liutprand of Cremona">Liutprand of Cremona</a> was a member of the Imperial court under the <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> dynasty and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olderic_of_Cremona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olderic of Cremona (page does not exist)">Olderic</a> gained strong privileges for his city from emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a>. Its economy was boosted by the creation of a river port out of the former Byzantine fortress. </p><p>However, the two bishops Lambert and Ubaldo created discord with the city's people. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a> settled the quarrel by entering Cremona in 1037 together with the young <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Pope Benedict IX</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremona_stemma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/01/Cremona_stemma.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="188" /></a><figcaption>City coat of arms of Cremona on the town hall</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Commune">Medieval Commune</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Medieval Commune"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a>, Cremona refused to pay the oppressive taxes requested by the Empire and the bishop. According to a legend, the great <i>gonfaloniere</i> (mayor) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Baldesio_of_Cremona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Baldesio of Cremona (page does not exist)">Giovanni Baldesio of Cremona</a> faced the emperor himself in a duel. As Henry was knocked from his horse, the city was saved the annual payment of the 3 kg (7 lb) golden ball, which, for that year, was instead given to Berta, Giovanni's girlfriend, as her dowry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-Empire">Anti-Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Anti-Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first historical news about a free Cremona is from 1093, as it entered into an anti-Empire alliance led by <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_of_Canossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathilde of Canossa">Mathilde of Canossa</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Lodi,_Lombardy" title="Lodi, Lombardy">Lodi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a>. The conflict ended with Cremona gaining the <i>Insula Fulcheria</i>, the area around the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/Crema,_Lombardy" title="Crema, Lombardy">Crema</a>, as its territory. </p><p>After that time, the new commune warred against nearby cities to enlarge its territory. In 1107 Cremona conquered <a href="/wiki/Tortona" title="Tortona">Tortona</a>, but four years later its army was defeated near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bressanoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bressanoro (page does not exist)">Bressanoro</a>. </p><p>As in many northern Italian cities, the people were divided into two opposing parties, the <a href="/wiki/Guelphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelphs">Guelphs</a>, who were stronger in the <i>new city</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ghibellines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghibellines">Ghibellines</a>, who had their base in the <i>old city</i>. The parties were so irreconcilable that the former built a second Communal Palace, the still existing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Cittanova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzo Cittanova (page does not exist)">Palazzo Cittanova</a> ("new city's palace"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pro-Empire">Pro-Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pro-Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a> descended into Italy to assert his authority, Cremona sided with him in order to gain his support against Crema, which had rebelled with the help of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. The subsequent victory and its loyal imperial stance earned Cremona the right to create a mint for its own coinage in 1154. In 1162, Imperial and Cremonese forces assaulted Milan and destroyed it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lombard_League">Lombard League</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lombard League"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BattagliaLegnano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BattagliaLegnano.jpg/220px-BattagliaLegnano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BattagliaLegnano.jpg/330px-BattagliaLegnano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BattagliaLegnano.jpg/440px-BattagliaLegnano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>The defence of the <a href="/wiki/Carroccio" title="Carroccio">Carroccio</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnano" title="Battle of Legnano">battle of Legnano</a> (1176) by <a href="/wiki/Amos_Cassioli" title="Amos Cassioli">Amos Cassioli</a> (1832–1891)</figcaption></figure> <p>However, in 1167 the city changed sides and joined the <a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a>. Its troops were part of the army that, on 29 May 1176, defeated Barbarossa in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnano" title="Battle of Legnano">Battle of Legnano</a>. However, the Lombard League did not survive this victory for long. In 1213, at <a href="/wiki/Castelleone" title="Castelleone">Castelleone</a>, the Cremonese defeated the League of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lodi,_Lombardy" title="Lodi, Lombardy">Lodi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crema,_Lombardy" title="Crema, Lombardy">Crema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Como" title="Como">Como</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>. </p><p>In 1232, Cremona allied itself with Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, who was again trying to reassert the Empire's authority over Northern Italy. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cortenuova" title="Battle of Cortenuova">Battle of Cortenuova</a>, the Cremonese were on the winning side. Thereafter Frederick often held his court in the city. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Parma" title="Battle of Parma">Battle of Parma</a>, however, the <a href="/wiki/Ghibelline" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghibelline">Ghibellines</a> suffered a heavy defeat and up to two thousand Cremonese were made prisoners. Some years later, Cremona took its vengeance by defeating Parma's army. Its army, under the command of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberto_Pallavicino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberto Pallavicino (page does not exist)">Umberto Pallavicino</a>, captured Parma's <a href="/wiki/Carroccio" title="Carroccio">carroccio</a> and for centuries kept the enemy's trousers hanging from the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Parma">Cathedral's</a> ceiling as a sign of the rival's humiliation. </p><p>In 1301 the <a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadour</a> <a href="/wiki/Luchetto_Gattilusio" title="Luchetto Gattilusio">Luchetto Gattilusio</a> was <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Podest%C3%A0" title="Podestà">podestà</a></span></span> of Cremona. During this period Cremona flourished and reached a population of up to 80,000, larger than the 69,000 of 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seignory_Lords">Seignory Lords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Seignory Lords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1266, <a href="/wiki/Pallavicino" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallavicino">Pallavicino</a> was expelled from Cremona, and the Ghibelline rule ended after his successor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buoso_da_Dovara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buoso da Dovara (page does not exist)">Buoso da Dovara</a> relinquished control to a consortium of citizens. In 1271 the position of <i>Capitano del Popolo</i> ("People's Chieftain") was created. </p><p>In 1276 the <a href="/wiki/Signoria" title="Signoria">Signoria</a> passed to marquis Cavalcabò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavalcab%C3%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavalcabò (page does not exist)">Cavalcabò</a>; in 1305 he was succeeded by his son Guglielmo Cavalcabò, who held power until 1310. During this period many edifices were created or restored including the belfry of the <a href="/wiki/Torrazzo_of_Cremona" title="Torrazzo of Cremona">Torrazzo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> church of San Francis, the cathedral's transepts and the Loggia dei Militi. Moreover, agriculture was boosted with a new network of canals. </p><p>After some foreign invasions (notably that of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Empire">Henry VII</a> in 1311), the Cavalcabò lasted until 29 November 1322, when a more powerful family, the <a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti</a> of <a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_I_Visconti" title="Galeazzo I Visconti">Galeazzo I</a>, came to prominence that in Cremona was to last for a century and a half. The Visconti's signoria (lordship) was interrupted in 1327 by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_the_Bavarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig the Bavarian">Ludwig the Bavarian</a>, in 1331 by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John of Bohemia</a>, and in 1403 by a short-lived return of the Cavalcabò. On 25 July 1406, captain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabrino_Fondulo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabrino Fondulo (page does not exist)">Cabrino Fondulo</a> killed his employer Ubaldo Cavalcabò along with all the male members of his family, and assumed control over Cremona. However, he was unable to face the task, and ceded the city back to the Visconti for a payment of 40,000 golden florins. </p><p>Thus <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti" title="Filippo Maria Visconti">Filippo Maria Visconti</a> made his signoria hereditary. Cremona became part of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a>, following its fate until the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a>. Under the Visconti and later the <a href="/wiki/Sforza" class="mw-redirect" title="Sforza">Sforza</a>, Cremona underwent high cultural and religious development. In 1411 Palazzo Cittanova become the seat of the university of <a href="/wiki/Fustian" title="Fustian">fustian</a> merchants. </p><p>In 1441 the city hosted the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_Sforza" title="Francesco I Sforza">Francesco I Sforza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bianca_Maria_Visconti" title="Bianca Maria Visconti">Bianca Maria Visconti</a> in the temple built by the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictines</a>, which today is the church of Saint Sigismund. For that occasion a new <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">sweet</a> was devised, which evolved into the famous <a href="/wiki/Torrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrone">torrone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_il_Moro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludovico il Moro">Ludovico il Moro</a> assisted in the financing of several building projects for the cathedral, the church of St. Agatha and the Communal Palace. </p><p>In 1446, Cremona was encircled by the <a href="/wiki/Condottieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Condottieri">condottieri</a> troops of <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Piccinino" title="Francesco Piccinino">Francesco Piccinino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luigi_dal_Verme" title="Luigi dal Verme">Luigi dal Verme</a>. The siege was raised after the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Scaramuccia_da_Forl%C3%AC" title="Scaramuccia da Forlì">Scaramuccia da Forlì</a> from <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cremona_(Historical).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Cremona_%28Historical%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Cremona_%28Historical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Cremona_%28Historical%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_Cremona_%28Historical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Cremona_%28Historical%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_Cremona_%28Historical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Historical flag of the City</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremona_nel_17esimo_secolo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Cremona_nel_17esimo_secolo.jpg/220px-Cremona_nel_17esimo_secolo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Cremona_nel_17esimo_secolo.jpg/330px-Cremona_nel_17esimo_secolo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Cremona_nel_17esimo_secolo.jpg/440px-Cremona_nel_17esimo_secolo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Cremona in the 17th century</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_occupations">Foreign occupations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Foreign occupations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republic_of_Venice">Republic of Venice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Republic of Venice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1499 to 1509 Cremona was under Venetian control. </p><p>The victory of the Italian League at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agnadello" title="Battle of Agnadello">Agnadello</a> gave it back to the Duchy of Milan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, Cremona was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Noyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Noyon">Treaty of Noyon</a> (1513). Cremona fell to the new rulers only in 1524 when the Castle of Santa Croce surrendered. The French were finally expelled from the duchy two years later, with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(1526)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Madrid (1526)">Treaty of Madrid</a>, and subsequently Cremona remained a Spanish dominion for many years. During that time several building improvements or additions were made, including the Loggia of the cathedral's Porch by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Trotti" title="Lorenzo Trotti">Lorenzo Trotti</a> (1550) and the new church of San Siro and Sepolcro by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Gialdini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Gialdini (page does not exist)">Antonio Gialdini</a> (1614). </p><p>During Spanish rule, Cremona saw the famine of 1628 and the <a href="/wiki/Italian_plague_of_1629%E2%80%9331" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian plague of 1629–31">plague of 1630</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Austria">Austria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The duchy, after a short-lived French conquest in 1701 during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, passed to Austria on 10 April 1707. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiume_Po_nei_territori_di_Cremona_1758.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fiume_Po_nei_territori_di_Cremona_1758.jpg/220px-Fiume_Po_nei_territori_di_Cremona_1758.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fiume_Po_nei_territori_di_Cremona_1758.jpg/330px-Fiume_Po_nei_territori_di_Cremona_1758.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fiume_Po_nei_territori_di_Cremona_1758.jpg/440px-Fiume_Po_nei_territori_di_Cremona_1758.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1481" /></a><figcaption>Po river in Cremona in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <p><i>For later history, see <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a></i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremona_Duomo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cremona_Duomo.jpg/220px-Cremona_Duomo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cremona_Duomo.jpg/330px-Cremona_Duomo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cremona_Duomo.jpg/440px-Cremona_Duomo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The Cathedral and the Baptistery of Cremona</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cremona" title="List of mayors of Cremona">List of mayors of Cremona</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Cremona" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Cremona">Cathedral of Cremona</a> with the annexed <a href="/wiki/Battistero_di_Cremona" class="mw-redirect" title="Battistero di Cremona">Baptistery</a> constitutes one of the most notable sites for Romanesque-Gothic art in northern Italy. </p><p>Other churches include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agata,_Cremona" title="Sant'Agata, Cremona">Sant'Agata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agostino,_Cremona" title="Sant'Agostino, Cremona">Sant'Agostino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Facio,_Cremona" title="San Facio, Cremona">San Facio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Girolamo,_Cremona" title="San Girolamo, Cremona">San Girolamo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Luca_di_Cremona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Luca di Cremona (page does not exist)">San Luca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Lucia,_Cremona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Lucia, Cremona (page does not exist)">Santa Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcellino,_Cremona" title="San Marcellino, Cremona">San Marcellino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Michele_di_Cremona" class="mw-redirect" title="San Michele di Cremona">San Michele</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Pietro_al_Po&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Pietro al Po (page does not exist)">San Pietro al Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rita,_Cremona" title="Santa Rita, Cremona">Santa Rita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sigismondo_di_Cremona" class="mw-redirect" title="San Sigismondo di Cremona">San Sigismondo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings">Buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Torrazzo_of_Cremona" title="Torrazzo of Cremona">Torrazzo</a>, the third highest <a href="/wiki/Brickwork" title="Brickwork">brickwork</a> bell tower in Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loggia_dei_Militi" title="Loggia dei Militi">Loggia dei Militi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Cittanova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzo Cittanova (page does not exist)">Palazzo Cittanova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Fodri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzo Fodri (page does not exist)">Palazzo Fodri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Comunale_di_Cremona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzo Comunale di Cremona (page does not exist)">Palazzo Comunale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Ponchielli" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro Ponchielli">Teatro Ponchielli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museo_Berenziano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museo Berenziano (page does not exist)">Museo Berenziano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museo_della_Civilt%C3%A0_Contadina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museo della Civiltà Contadina (page does not exist)">Museo della Civiltà Contadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Civico_Ala_Ponzone" title="Museo Civico Ala Ponzone">Museo Civico Ala Ponzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_del_violino" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo del violino">Museo del violino</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economy of Cremona is deeply linked to the agricultural production of the countryside. Food industries include salted meat, sweets (<a href="/wiki/Torrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrone">torrone</a>), vegetable oils, <a href="/wiki/Grana_padano" class="mw-redirect" title="Grana padano">grana padano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provolone" title="Provolone">provolone</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Mostarda" title="Mostarda">mostarda</a>" (candied fruit in spicy mustard-flavored syrup, served with meats and cheese). Heavy industries include steel, oil and one electric plant. The river-port is a base for the barges transporting goods along the Po river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stradivari_statue_cremona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/73/Stradivari_statue_cremona.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Stradivari" class="mw-redirect" title="Stradivari">Stradivari</a> in Stradivari Square</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_Blunt_top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lady_Blunt_top.jpg/150px-Lady_Blunt_top.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lady_Blunt_top.jpg/225px-Lady_Blunt_top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lady_Blunt_top.jpg/300px-Lady_Blunt_top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lady_Blunt_Stradivarius" title="Lady Blunt Stradivarius">Lady Blunt Stradivarius</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cremona has a distinguished musical history. The 12th-century cathedral was a focus of organized musical activity in the region in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">late Middle Ages</a>. By the 16th century the town had become a famous musical centre. Nowadays there are important <i>ensembles</i> for Renaissance and Baroque music, i.e. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.costanzoporta.it">Choir & Consort <i>Costanzo Porta</i></a>, and festivals which maintain Cremona as one of the most important towns in Italy for music. Composer <a href="/wiki/Marc%27Antonio_Ingegneri" title="Marc'Antonio Ingegneri">Marc'Antonio Ingegneri</a> taught there; <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Claudio Monteverdi</a> was his most famous student, before leaving for <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a> in 1591. Cremona was the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Francisque_Caroubel" title="Pierre-Francisque Caroubel">Pierre-Francisque Caroubel</a>, a collaborator with noted German composer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Cremona" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Cremona">bishop of Cremona</a>, Nicolò Sfondrati, a fervent supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a>, became <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Pope Gregory XIV</a> in 1590. Since he was an equally fervent patron of music, the renown of the town as a musical destination grew accordingly. </p><p>Beginning in the 16th century, Cremona became renowned as a centre of musical instrument manufacture, with the violins of the <a href="/wiki/Amati" title="Amati">Amati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugeri">Rugeri</a> families, and later the products of the <a href="/wiki/Guarneri" title="Guarneri">Guarneri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Stradivari" title="Antonio Stradivari">Stradivari</a> workshops.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the present day, their handmade work is widely considered to be the summit of achievement in string instrument making. Cremona is still renowned for producing high-quality instruments, rare examples of which can be seen when visiting the local <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Violino" title="Museo del Violino">Museo del Violino</a>. In 2012 the "<i><a href="/wiki/Traditional_violin_craftsmanship_in_Cremona" title="Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona">Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona</a></i>" was declared an <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">intangible cultural heritage</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internationally, the city's craftsmen are renowned for the unique process used in crafting bowed stringed instruments which are assembled and moulded by hand without using any industrial materials.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cremona had a band tradition linked to the <i>Guardia nazionale</i> founded under Napoleonic influence. In 1864, native son <a href="/wiki/Amilcare_Ponchielli" title="Amilcare Ponchielli">Amilcare Ponchielli</a> became its leader and created what might be considered one of the greatest bands of all time. In his role as <i>capobanda</i>, Ponchielli founded a band school and a tradition that waned only at the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cremona_railway_station" title="Cremona railway station">Cremona railway station</a>, opened in 1863, is a terminus of six railway lines, all of which are regional (semi-fast) or local services. </p><p>Main destinations are <a href="/wiki/Pavia_railway_station" title="Pavia railway station">Pavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantua_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantua railway station">Mantua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treviglio_railway_station" title="Treviglio railway station">Treviglio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parma_railway_station" title="Parma railway station">Parma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brescia_railway_station" title="Brescia railway station">Brescia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piacenza_railway_station" title="Piacenza railway station">Piacenza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fidenza_railway_station" title="Fidenza railway station">Fidenza</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cremona's favourite sport is <a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">football</a>. The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Cremonese" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Cremonese">U.S. Cremonese</a> played for several years in <a href="/wiki/Serie_A" title="Serie A">Serie A</a>, its most renowned players being <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Guarneri" title="Aristide Guarneri">Aristide Guarneri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Mondonico" title="Emiliano Mondonico">Emiliano Mondonico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cabrini" title="Antonio Cabrini">Antonio Cabrini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gianluca_Vialli" title="Gianluca Vialli">Gianluca Vialli</a> — all born in or near Cremona. The brightest page in the more than one-century-old history of Cremonese was written in the early 1990s, when the president of the team was Domenico Luzzara and the coach was <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Simoni" title="Luigi Simoni">Gigi Simoni</a>; the team managed to stay in Serie A for three consecutive years, ending one championship at tenth place. By defeating English team <a href="/wiki/Derby_County_F.C." title="Derby County F.C.">Derby County</a> in the Final to win the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Italian_Cup" title="Anglo-Italian Cup">Anglo-Italian Cup</a> (27 March 1993), Cremonese became the second Italian team in football history to win at <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)" title="Wembley Stadium (1923)">Wembley</a>. </p><p>Cremona, by the 1980s, had built a strong basketball tradition, now brought on by <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_Triboldi_Basket" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruppo Triboldi Basket">Vanoli Basket</a>, a team from <a href="/wiki/Soresina" title="Soresina">Soresina</a> which however usually plays in Cremona. </p><p>Cremona has also a <a href="/wiki/Waterpolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterpolo">waterpolo</a> club that play in the regional divisions. There is a century-old tradition in <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canoe_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Canoe racing">canoe racing</a>, with three different clubs, located along the Po river, that trained many world and Olympic champions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremona,_sculpture_at_duomo_and_city_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cremona%2C_sculpture_at_duomo_and_city_hall.jpg/220px-Cremona%2C_sculpture_at_duomo_and_city_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cremona%2C_sculpture_at_duomo_and_city_hall.jpg/330px-Cremona%2C_sculpture_at_duomo_and_city_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cremona%2C_sculpture_at_duomo_and_city_hall.jpg/440px-Cremona%2C_sculpture_at_duomo_and_city_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>City hall (<i>Palazzo del Comune</i>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremona-_La_Loggia_dei_Militi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cremona-_La_Loggia_dei_Militi.jpg/220px-Cremona-_La_Loggia_dei_Militi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cremona-_La_Loggia_dei_Militi.jpg/330px-Cremona-_La_Loggia_dei_Militi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cremona-_La_Loggia_dei_Militi.jpg/440px-Cremona-_La_Loggia_dei_Militi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Loggia dei Militi</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremona-Liuteria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cremona-Liuteria.jpg/220px-Cremona-Liuteria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cremona-Liuteria.jpg/330px-Cremona-Liuteria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cremona-Liuteria.jpg/440px-Cremona-Liuteria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Violin shop</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremona-Orologio_astronomico_sul_Torrazzo_perspec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Cremona-Orologio_astronomico_sul_Torrazzo_perspec.jpg/220px-Cremona-Orologio_astronomico_sul_Torrazzo_perspec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Cremona-Orologio_astronomico_sul_Torrazzo_perspec.jpg/330px-Cremona-Orologio_astronomico_sul_Torrazzo_perspec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Cremona-Orologio_astronomico_sul_Torrazzo_perspec.jpg/440px-Cremona-Orologio_astronomico_sul_Torrazzo_perspec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="2728" /></a><figcaption>Astronomical clock on the <a href="/wiki/Torrazzo_of_Cremona" title="Torrazzo of Cremona">Torrazzo</a> belltower</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_—_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.94_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns — sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Twin towns — sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cremona is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alaqu%C3%A0s" title="Alaquàs">Alaquàs</a>, Spain, since 2004</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk" title="Krasnoyarsk">Krasnoyarsk</a>, Russia, since 2006</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCssen" title="Füssen">Füssen</a>, Germany, since 2018</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable people born in or associated with Cremona include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus" title="Publius Quinctilius Varus">Publius Quinctilius Varus</a> (46 BC – AD 9), Roman general and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Furius_Bibaculus" title="Marcus Furius Bibaculus">Marcus Furius Bibaculus</a> (103 BC – ? BC), a Roman poet.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutprand_of_Cremona" title="Liutprand of Cremona">Liutprand of Cremona</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 920</span> – 972), bishop of Cremona, historian, and author.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Saint Homobonus</a>, (12th C.) <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Cremona, as well as <a href="/wiki/Business_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Business people">business people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">tailors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoemakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoemakers">shoemakers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloth">clothworkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Cremona" title="Gerard of Cremona">Gerard of Cremona</a> (ca.1114 – 1187), translator of scientific books from Arabic into Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicard_of_Cremona" title="Sicard of Cremona">Sicard of Cremona</a> (1155–1215), prelate, historian and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Ricca" title="Bernardino Ricca">Bernardino Ricca</a> (1450-?), painter<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_de_Lurano" title="Filippo de Lurano">Filippo de Lurano</a> (ca.1475 – after 1520), an Italian composer of the Renaissance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Girolamo_Vida" title="Marco Girolamo Vida">Marco Girolamo Vida</a> (ca.1489 – 1566), scholar, Latin poet and bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altobello_Melone" title="Altobello Melone">Altobello Melone</a> (ca.1490 – pre-1543) an Italian painter of the Renaissance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattaro_family" title="Dattaro family">Francesco and Giuseppe Dattaro</a> (ca.1495 – 1576) & (ca.1540 – 1616), father and son team of architects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_del_Prato" title="Girolamo del Prato">Girolamo del Prato</a> (16th C.), sculptor and craftsman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianello_della_Torre" title="Gianello della Torre">Gianello della Torre</a> (ca.1500 — 1585) Italo-Spanish clockmaker, engineer and mathematician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Campi" title="Giulio Campi">Giulio Campi</a> (1500–1572), painter.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Amati" title="Andrea Amati">Andrea Amati</a> (1505–1577), <a href="/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier">luthier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Campi" title="Bernardino Campi">Bernardino Campi</a> (1522–1592), painter.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costanzo_Porta" title="Costanzo Porta">Costanzo Porta</a> (ca.1528 – 1601), an Italian composer of the Renaissance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofonisba_Anguissola" title="Sofonisba Anguissola">Sofonisba Anguissola</a> (ca.1532 – 1625), painter of the Renaissance.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Pallavicino" title="Benedetto Pallavicino">Benedetto Pallavicino</a> (ca.1551 – 1601), an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Claudio Monteverdi</a> (1567–1643), composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Calvi" title="Giulio Calvi">Giulio Calvi</a> (ca.1570 – 1596), an Italian painter of the Renaissance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Cattapani" title="Luca Cattapani">Luca Cattapani</a> (born ca.1570) an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Aselli" title="Gaspare Aselli">Gaspare Aselli</a> (1581–1626), physician.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarquinio_Merula" title="Tarquinio Merula">Tarquinio Merula</a> (1595–1665), an Italian composer, organist and violinist of the early Baroque era.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Amati" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolò Amati">Nicolò Amati</a> (1596–1684), luthier.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rugeri" title="Francesco Rugeri">Francesco Rugeri</a> (ca.1628–1698), luthier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Stradivari" title="Antonio Stradivari">Antonio Stradivari</a> (c.1644–1737), renowned luthier.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Rugeri" title="Vincenzo Rugeri">Vincenzo Rugeri</a> (1663–1719), luthier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Guido_Grandi" title="Luigi Guido Grandi">Luigi Guido Grandi</a> (1671–1742), monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Guarneri" title="Giuseppe Guarneri">Giuseppe Guarneri</a> (1698–1744), luthier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Bianchi_(composer)" title="Francesco Bianchi (composer)">Francesco Bianchi</a> (1752–1810), an Italian opera composer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pallavera" title="Giovanni Pallavera">Giovanni Pallavera</a> (1818–1886), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amilcare_Ponchielli" title="Amilcare Ponchielli">Amilcare Ponchielli</a> (1834–1886), composer.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Beltrami" title="Eugenio Beltrami">Eugenio Beltrami</a> (1835–1900), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcangelo_Ghisleri" title="Arcangelo Ghisleri">Arcangelo Ghisleri</a> (1855–1938), an Italian geographer, writer and Socialist politician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonida_Bissolati" title="Leonida Bissolati">Leonida Bissolati</a> (1857–1920), leading exponent of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> movement at the turn of the 19th C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primo_Mazzolari" title="Primo Mazzolari">Primo Mazzolari</a> (1890–1959), priest and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Farinacci" title="Roberto Farinacci">Roberto Farinacci</a> (1892–1945), fascist politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Protti" title="Aldo Protti">Aldo Protti</a> (1920–1995), an Italian baritone opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Tognazzi" title="Ugo Tognazzi">Ugo Tognazzi</a> (1922–1990) , actor, director, and screenwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina_(Italian_singer)" title="Mina (Italian singer)">Mina</a> (born 1940), singer (nicknamed the <i>Tiger of Cremona</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lucchi" title="Giovanni Lucchi">Giovanni Lucchi</a> (1942–2012), bowmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Mari" title="Franco Mari">Franco Mari</a> (born 1947), an Italian actor and comedian.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Cofferati" title="Sergio Cofferati">Sergio Cofferati</a> (born 1948), member of European Parliament and former mayor of Bologna</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Capra" title="Massimo Capra">Massimo Capra</a> (born 1960), Italian-born Canadian celebrity chef.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandrone_Dazieri" title="Sandrone Dazieri">Sandrone Dazieri</a> (born 1964), crime writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Magnoli_Bocchi" title="Alessandro Magnoli Bocchi">Alessandro Magnoli Bocchi</a> (born 1968), Italian economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiara_Ferragni" title="Chiara Ferragni">Chiara Ferragni</a> (born 1987), blogger, businesswoman, fashion designer and model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartetto_di_Cremona" title="Quartetto di Cremona">Quartetto di Cremona</a> (formed 2000), Italian string quartet</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_2">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oreste_Perri" title="Oreste Perri">Oreste Perri</a> (born 1951), sprint canoeist in the 1970s and mayor of Cremona from 2009 to 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cabrini" title="Antonio Cabrini">Antonio Cabrini</a> (born 1957), footballer and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianluca_Vialli" title="Gianluca Vialli">Gianluca Vialli</a> (1964–2023), footballer and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolo_Guindani" title="Manolo Guindani">Manolo Guindani</a> (born 1971), retired footballer and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Gentili" title="Giacomo Gentili">Giacomo Gentili</a> (born 1997), world rowing champion</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Cremona (1981–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69<br />(2.7) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">859<br />(33.7) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (precipitation 1951–1980)<sup id="cite_ref-ISPRA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISPRA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224">"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superficie+di+Comuni+Province+e+Regioni+italiane+al+9+ottobre+2011&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F156224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Population data from <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">Istat</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Cremona" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Cremona">"Cremona"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Cremona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DCremona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cremona">"Cremona"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190801110553/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cremona">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Cremona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fcremona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182616/https://www.lexico.com/definition/cremona">"Cremona"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Cremona">the original</a> on 2020-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cremona&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FCremona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYin2016" class="citation news cs1">Yin, Steph (20 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/20/science/stradivari-violin-wood.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fscience&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=7&pgtype=sectionfront">"Science behind Stradiveri violins"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171003125650/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/20/science/stradivari-violin-wood.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fscience&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=7&pgtype=sectionfront">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Science+behind+Stradiveri+violins&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft.aulast=Yin&rft.aufirst=Steph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2F20%2Fscience%2Fstradivari-violin-wood.html%3Frref%3Dcollection%252Fsectioncollection%252Fscience%26action%3Dclick%26contentCollection%3Dscience%26region%3Drank%26module%3Dpackage%26version%3Dhighlights%26contentPlacement%3D7%26pgtype%3Dsectionfront&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.romanoimpero.com/2020/05/via-brixiana.html">"VIA BRIXIANA"</a> (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VIA+BRIXIANA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanoimpero.com%2F2020%2F05%2Fvia-brixiana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTacitus2009" class="citation book cs1">Tacitus, Publius (25 June 2009). <i>The Histories</i>. Penguin. p. 133-134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-140-44964-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-140-44964-8"><bdi>978-0-140-44964-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Histories&rft.pages=133-134&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2009-06-25&rft.isbn=978-0-140-44964-8&rft.aulast=Tacitus&rft.aufirst=Publius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is the legend promulgated by the sweets industry in Cremona, although there is no historical evidence of its veracity.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYin2016" class="citation news cs1">Yin, Steph (20 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/20/science/stradivari-violin-wood.html">"Stradivari violin wood"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527093556/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/20/science/stradivari-violin-wood.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stradivari+violin+wood&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft.aulast=Yin&rft.aufirst=Steph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2F20%2Fscience%2Fstradivari-violin-wood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/traditional-violin-craftsmanship-in-cremona-00719">"Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona"</a>. <i>UNESCO</i> (in English, French, and Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107151539/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/traditional-violin-craftsmanship-in-cremona-00719">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Traditional+violin+craftsmanship+in+Cremona&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Fen%2FRL%2Ftraditional-violin-craftsmanship-in-cremona-00719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/decisions/7.COM/11.18">"Decision of the Intergovernmental Committee: 7.COM 11.18"</a>. <i>UNESCO</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208061332/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/decisions/7.COM/11.18">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Decision+of+the+Intergovernmental+Committee%3A+7.COM+11.18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Fen%2Fdecisions%2F7.COM%2F11.18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColombo" class="citation web cs1">Colombo, Sergio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers">"The dark future for the world's greatest violin-makers"</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200708114517/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=The+dark+future+for+the+world%27s+greatest+violin-makers&rft.aulast=Colombo&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bibaculus, Marcus Furius"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bibaculus,_Marcus_Furius">"Bibaculus, Marcus Furius" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 849.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bibaculus%2C+Marcus+Furius&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=849&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Liudprand"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Liudprand">"Liudprand" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 800.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liudprand&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=800&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeazley1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Raymond_Beazley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Raymond Beazley">Beazley, Charles Raymond</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gerard of Cremona"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gerard_of_Cremona">"Gerard of Cremona" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). p. 764.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gerard+of+Cremona&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=764&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Beazley&rft.aufirst=Charles+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/abecedariobiogr00grasgoog"></a></span></b></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/abecedariobiogr00grasgoog"><b>Abecediario biografico dei pittori, scultori ed architetti Cremonesi</b></a> (1827), by Giuseppe Grasselli and Giovanni Valle. Omobono Manini, publisher. Pages 222-223. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vida, Marco Girolamo"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Vida,_Marco_Girolamo">"Vida, Marco Girolamo" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vida%2C+Marco+Girolamo&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=47&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Campi, Giulio"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Campi,_Giulio">"Campi, Giulio" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Campi%2C+Giulio&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=136&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Amati"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Amati">"Amati" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 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Vol. 2 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Angussola%2C+Sophonisba&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=44&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Monteverde, Claudio"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Monteverde,_Claudio">"Monteverde, Claudio" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 778.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Monteverde%2C+Claudio&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=778&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aselli, Gasparo"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Aselli,_Gasparo">"Aselli, Gasparo" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 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Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stradivari%2C+Antonio&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=977&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ponchielli, Amilcare"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ponchielli,_Amilcare">"Ponchielli, Amilcare" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ponchielli%2C+Amilcare&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=59&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaher2011" class="citation web cs1">Maher, Michelle (November 25, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sasktoday.ca/south/local-news/chef-massimo-heats-it-up-at-eight-words-cafe-4004260">"Chef Massimo heats it up at Eight Words Café"</a>. <i>SaskToday.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305220326/https://www.sasktoday.ca/south/local-news/chef-massimo-heats-it-up-at-eight-words-cafe-4004260">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SaskToday.ca&rft.atitle=Chef+Massimo+heats+it+up+at+Eight+Words+Caf%C3%A9&rft.date=2011-11-25&rft.aulast=Maher&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sasktoday.ca%2Fsouth%2Flocal-news%2Fchef-massimo-heats-it-up-at-eight-words-cafe-4004260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISPRA-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISPRA_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/files/pubblicazioni/SA_55_14_Valori_climatici_normali.pdf">"Valori climatici normali di temperatura e precipitazione in Italia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valori+climatici+normali+di+temperatura+e+precipitazione+in+Italia&rft.pub=Istituto+Superiore+per+la+Protezione+e+la+Ricerca+Ambientale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isprambiente.gov.it%2Ffiles%2Fpubblicazioni%2FSA_55_14_Valori_climatici_normali.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACremona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cremona#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Cremona">Bibliography of the history of Cremona</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremona&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lombardy_·_Comuni_of_the_Province_of_Cremona" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province_of_Cremona" title="Template:Province of Cremona"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province_of_Cremona" title="Template talk:Province of Cremona"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province_of_Cremona" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province of Cremona"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lombardy_·_Comuni_of_the_Province_of_Cremona" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comuni</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cremona" title="Province of Cremona">Province of Cremona</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquanegra_Cremonese" title="Acquanegra Cremonese">Acquanegra Cremonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnadello" title="Agnadello">Agnadello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annicco" title="Annicco">Annicco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azzanello" title="Azzanello">Azzanello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagnolo_Cremasco" title="Bagnolo Cremasco">Bagnolo Cremasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonemerse" title="Bonemerse">Bonemerse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordolano" title="Bordolano">Bordolano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%27_d%27Andrea" title="Ca' d'Andrea">Ca' d'Andrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvatone" title="Calvatone">Calvatone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camisano,_Lombardy" title="Camisano, Lombardy">Camisano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campagnola_Cremasca" title="Campagnola Cremasca">Campagnola Cremasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capergnanica" title="Capergnanica">Capergnanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Cantone" title="Cappella Cantone">Cappella Cantone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_de%27_Picenardi" title="Cappella de' Picenardi">Cappella de' Picenardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capralba" title="Capralba">Capralba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casalbuttano_ed_Uniti" title="Casalbuttano ed Uniti">Casalbuttano ed Uniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casale_Cremasco-Vidolasco" title="Casale Cremasco-Vidolasco">Casale Cremasco-Vidolasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casaletto_Ceredano" title="Casaletto Ceredano">Casaletto Ceredano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casaletto_Vaprio" title="Casaletto Vaprio">Casaletto Vaprio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casaletto_di_Sopra" title="Casaletto di Sopra">Casaletto di Sopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casalmaggiore" title="Casalmaggiore">Casalmaggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casalmorano" title="Casalmorano">Casalmorano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_Gabbiano" title="Castel Gabbiano">Castel Gabbiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casteldidone" title="Casteldidone">Casteldidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelleone" title="Castelleone">Castelleone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelverde" title="Castelverde">Castelverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelvisconti" title="Castelvisconti">Castelvisconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cella_Dati" title="Cella Dati">Cella Dati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chieve" title="Chieve">Chieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicognolo" title="Cicognolo">Cicognolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cingia_de%27_Botti" title="Cingia de' Botti">Cingia de' Botti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corte_de%27_Cortesi_con_Cignone" title="Corte de' Cortesi con Cignone">Corte de' Cortesi con Cignone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corte_de%27_Frati" title="Corte de' Frati">Corte de' Frati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credera_Rubbiano" title="Credera Rubbiano">Credera Rubbiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crema,_Lombardy" title="Crema, Lombardy">Crema</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cremona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremosano" title="Cremosano">Cremosano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotta_d%27Adda" title="Crotta d'Adda">Crotta d'Adda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumignano_sul_Naviglio" title="Cumignano sul Naviglio">Cumignano sul Naviglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derovere" title="Derovere">Derovere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovera" title="Dovera">Dovera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drizzona" title="Drizzona">Drizzona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiesco,_Lombardy" title="Fiesco, Lombardy">Fiesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formigara" title="Formigara">Formigara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbioneta-Binanuova" title="Gabbioneta-Binanuova">Gabbioneta-Binanuova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadesco-Pieve_Delmona" title="Gadesco-Pieve Delmona">Gadesco-Pieve Delmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genivolta" title="Genivolta">Genivolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerre_de%27_Caprioli" title="Gerre de' Caprioli">Gerre de' Caprioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombito" title="Gombito">Gombito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grontardo" title="Grontardo">Grontardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumello_Cremonese_ed_Uniti" title="Grumello Cremonese ed Uniti">Grumello Cremonese ed Uniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gussola" title="Gussola">Gussola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isola_Dovarese" title="Isola Dovarese">Isola Dovarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izano" title="Izano">Izano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madignano" title="Madignano">Madignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagnino" title="Malagnino">Malagnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martignana_di_Po" title="Martignana di Po">Martignana di Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cremasco" title="Monte Cremasco">Monte Cremasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montodine" title="Montodine">Montodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscazzano" title="Moscazzano">Moscazzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motta_Baluffi" title="Motta Baluffi">Motta Baluffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offanengo" title="Offanengo">Offanengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmeneta" title="Olmeneta">Olmeneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiano" title="Ostiano">Ostiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderno_Ponchielli" title="Paderno Ponchielli">Paderno Ponchielli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pignano" title="Palazzo Pignano">Palazzo Pignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandino" title="Pandino">Pandino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persico_Dosimo" title="Persico Dosimo">Persico Dosimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescarolo_ed_Uniti" title="Pescarolo ed Uniti">Pescarolo ed Uniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pessina_Cremonese" title="Pessina Cremonese">Pessina Cremonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piadena" title="Piadena">Piadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pianengo" title="Pianengo">Pianengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieranica" title="Pieranica">Pieranica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieve_San_Giacomo" title="Pieve San Giacomo">Pieve San Giacomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieve_d%27Olmi" title="Pieve d'Olmi">Pieve d'Olmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzighettone" title="Pizzighettone">Pizzighettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozzaglio_ed_Uniti" title="Pozzaglio ed Uniti">Pozzaglio ed Uniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintano" title="Quintano">Quintano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricengo" title="Ricengo">Ricengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripalta_Arpina" title="Ripalta Arpina">Ripalta Arpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripalta_Cremasca" title="Ripalta Cremasca">Ripalta Cremasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripalta_Guerina" title="Ripalta Guerina">Ripalta Guerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivarolo_del_Re_ed_Uniti" title="Rivarolo del Re ed Uniti">Rivarolo del Re ed Uniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivolta_d%27Adda" title="Rivolta d'Adda">Rivolta d'Adda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robecco_d%27Oglio" title="Robecco d'Oglio">Robecco d'Oglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanengo" title="Romanengo">Romanengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvirola" title="Salvirola">Salvirola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bassano" title="San Bassano">San Bassano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Daniele_Po" title="San Daniele Po">San Daniele Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_in_Croce" title="San Giovanni in Croce">San Giovanni in Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martino_del_Lago" title="San Martino del Lago">San Martino del Lago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandolara_Ravara" title="Scandolara Ravara">Scandolara Ravara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandolara_Ripa_d%27Oglio" title="Scandolara Ripa d'Oglio">Scandolara Ripa d'Oglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergnano" title="Sergnano">Sergnano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesto_ed_Uniti" title="Sesto ed Uniti">Sesto ed Uniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarolo_Rainerio" title="Solarolo Rainerio">Solarolo Rainerio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soresina" title="Soresina">Soresina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sospiro" title="Sospiro">Sospiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soncino,_Lombardy" title="Soncino, Lombardy">Soncino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinadesco" title="Spinadesco">Spinadesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spineda" title="Spineda">Spineda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spino_d%27Adda" title="Spino d'Adda">Spino d'Adda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagno_Lombardo" title="Stagno Lombardo">Stagno Lombardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticengo" title="Ticengo">Ticengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torlino_Vimercati" title="Torlino Vimercati">Torlino Vimercati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornata" title="Tornata">Tornata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_de%27_Picenardi" title="Torre de' Picenardi">Torre de' Picenardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricella_del_Pizzo" title="Torricella del Pizzo">Torricella del Pizzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trescore_Cremasco" title="Trescore Cremasco">Trescore Cremasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigolo" title="Trigolo">Trigolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiano_Cremasco" title="Vaiano Cremasco">Vaiano Cremasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vailate" title="Vailate">Vailate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vescovato,_Lombardy" title="Vescovato, Lombardy">Vescovato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volongo" title="Volongo">Volongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltido" title="Voltido">Voltido</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6231#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6231#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6231#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147747283">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010700-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80106752">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cremona (Itálie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128974&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000332762&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555055105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/17be3971-9d7f-4376-89d8-dc0e4a6db8b1">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/383628">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027568881">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044632">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cremona&oldid=1254691047">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cremona&oldid=1254691047</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Lombardy" title="Category:Cities and towns in Lombardy">Cities and towns in Lombardy</a></li><li><a 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