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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Kinas+socknar" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Kinas+socknar" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kinas socknar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 15 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="Pueblu de la República Popular China – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu de la República Popular China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinde_(China)" title="Gemeinde (China) – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gemeinde (China)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townships_of_China" title="Townships of China – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Townships of China" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="Pueblo de la República Popular China – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo de la República Popular China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="قصبه‌های جمهوری خلق چین – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قصبه‌های جمهوری خلق چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_(division_administrative_de_Chine)" title="Canton (division administrative de Chine) – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canton (division administrative de Chine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_administrasi_kota_praja" title="Daerah administrasi kota praja – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daerah administrasi kota praja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_gemeente" title="Chinese gemeente – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chinese gemeente" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Волости Китая – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волости Китая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in%27in_beldeleri" title="Çin'in beldeleri – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin'in beldeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_(%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%A0)" title="Волості (КНР) – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волості (КНР)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%BE" title="عوامی جمہوریہ چین کے ٹاؤن شپ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عوامی جمہوریہ چین کے ٹاؤن شپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%90%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="يېزا – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يېزا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_(Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c)" title="Hương (Trung Quốc) – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hương (Trung Quốc)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="乡级行政区 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乡级行政区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16725943#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kinas_socknar" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Kinas_socknar" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kinas_socknar"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kinas_socknar"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Kinas_socknar" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Kinas_socknar" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&oldid=56184301" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Kinas_socknar&id=56184301&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKinas_socknar"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKinas_socknar"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kinas+socknar"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kinas_socknar&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem 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text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de; text-align: center" colspan="2">Orter på sockennivå </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #b0c4de">Kinesiska namn </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 50%; white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renklade_kinesiska_tecken" title="Förenklade kinesiska tecken">Förenklad kinesiska</a> </th> <td style="width: 50%; font-size: 130%"><span lang="zh-Hans"> 乡级行政区 </span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 50%; white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Traditionella_kinesiska_tecken" title="Traditionella kinesiska tecken">Traditionell kinesiska</a> </th> <td style="width: 50%; font-size: 130%"><span lang="zh-Hant"> 鄉級行政區 </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="margin:0; border: 0; background-color: #f7f8ff; font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">Transkriptioner </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #dcffc9"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Mandarin (språk)">Mandarin</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 50%; white-space: nowrap">- <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a> </th> <td style="width: 50%">Xiāng Jí Xíngzhèngqū </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: #b0c4de; text-align: center">Alternativt kinesiskt namn </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 50%; white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renklade_kinesiska_tecken" title="Förenklade kinesiska tecken">Förenklad kinesiska</a> </th> <td style="width: 50%; font-size: 130%"><span lang="zh-Hans"> 乡 </span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 50%; white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Traditionella_kinesiska_tecken" title="Traditionella kinesiska tecken">Traditionell kinesiska</a> </th> <td style="width: 50%; font-size: 130%"><span lang="zh-Hant"> 鄉 </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="border: 0; background-color: #f7f8ff; font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">Transkriptioner </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #dcffc9"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Mandarin (språk)">Mandarin</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 50%; white-space: nowrap">- <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a> </th> <td style="width: 50%">Xiāng </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #b0c4de">Zhuangiskt namn </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 50%; white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Zhuang (språk)">Zhuang</a> </th> <td>Yangh </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #b0c4de">Uiguriskt namn </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 50%; white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uiguriska" title="Uiguriska">Uiguriska</a> </th> <td><div style="direction:rtl;"><span lang="ug"> يېزىسى </span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Socken</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r44099281">.mw-parser-output .audiolink a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png")center left no-repeat!important;padding-left:16px!important;padding-right:0!important}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiska</a>: <span lang="zh">乡</span><sup><small><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%85tergivning_av_fr%C3%A4mmande_spr%C3%A5k/Kinesiska" title="Wikipedia:Återgivning av främmande språk/Kinesiska">?</a></small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>xiāng</i>), även översatt <b>bydistrikt</b>, är en ort på den fjärde och lägsta nivån i den <a href="/wiki/Administrativa_regioner_i_Kina" title="Administrativa regioner i Kina">kinesiska administrativa hierarkin</a>. Den motsvarar ofta landsbygdssamhällen eller kommuner i andra länder. Urbaniserade socknar ombildas ofta till "<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ping_(Kina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Köping (Kina)">köpingar</a>" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r44099281">(<a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiska</a>: <span lang="zh">镇</span><sup><small><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%85tergivning_av_fr%C3%A4mmande_spr%C3%A5k/Kinesiska" title="Wikipedia:Återgivning av främmande språk/Kinesiska">?</a></small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>zhèn</i>), som ofta är centralorter i ett <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rad_(Kina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Härad (Kina)">härad</a>. 1995 fanns det 29 502 socknar och 17 532 köpingar (totalt 47 034 orter på sockennivå). </p><p>Område <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r44099281">(<a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiska</a>: <span lang="zh">地区</span><sup><small><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%85tergivning_av_fr%C3%A4mmande_spr%C3%A5k/Kinesiska" title="Wikipedia:Återgivning av främmande språk/Kinesiska">?</a></small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>dìqū</i>) är en indelning på sockennivå i Kina som endast används inom Peking. Det är ett mellanting mellan den mer lantliga socknen och det mer urbana <a href="/wiki/Kinas_stadsdelsdistrikt" title="Kinas stadsdelsdistrikt">stadsdelsdistriktet</a>. Dessa områden har även kvar sin status som en <a href="/wiki/Kinas_k%C3%B6pingar" title="Kinas köpingar">köping</a> eller en socken. </p><p>En annan typ av socken är <i>etnisk minoritetssocken</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r44099281">(<a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiska</a>: <span lang="zh">民族乡</span><sup><small><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%85tergivning_av_fr%C3%A4mmande_spr%C3%A5k/Kinesiska" title="Wikipedia:Återgivning av främmande språk/Kinesiska">?</a></small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>mínzú xiāng</i>). I en sådan socken dominerar normalt något av <a href="/wiki/Kinas_nationaliteter" title="Kinas nationaliteter">Kinas minoritetsfolk</a>. </p><p>I vissa delar av Kina finns även andra typer av administrativa enheter som motsvarar socknar, dessa benämns <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r44099281">(<a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiska</a>: <span lang="zh">类似乡级单位</span><sup><small><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%85tergivning_av_fr%C3%A4mmande_spr%C3%A5k/Kinesiska" title="Wikipedia:Återgivning av främmande språk/Kinesiska">?</a></small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>lèisì xiāng jí dānwèi</i>), "liknar enheter på sockennivå". Exempel på sådan typer är "bondby" och "sum" (Inre Mongoliet) samt olika former av industriområden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under kejsartiden fanns det inga fasta administrativa enheter under häraderna, utan myndigheterna fick istället samverka med de byar, marknadsstäder och andra samhällen som fanns inom häradsgränsen med informella metoder i samarbete med lokala eliter. Särskilt viktiga var köpingarna eller marknadsstäderna i det äldre Kina, som både saknade en muromgärdad huvudort eller egna formella administrativa strukturer, men som var viktiga platser för varuutbyte, migration och religiös aktivitet. </p><p>Först under 1900-talet fick köpingarna och socknarna en egen administrativ nivå i den officiella administrativa hierarkin. Köpingarna och socknarna ligger på samma nivå i den administrativa hierarkin, där de förra är mindre tätorter och de senare utgör en grupp byar eller bosättningar på landsbygden. </p><p>Under det <a href="/wiki/Stora_spr%C3%A5nget" title="Stora språnget">Stora språnget</a> ersattes socknarna på landsbygden av självförsörjande <a href="/wiki/Folkkommun" title="Folkkommun">folkkommuner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cn-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vilket fick förödande konsekvenser för folkförsörjningen åren 1959-62.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folkkommunerna bibehölls dock som administrativa enheter och avskaffades inte formellt förrän kring 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-cn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cn-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sedan 1990-talet har det varit en statlig prioritet att främja <a href="/wiki/Urbanisering" title="Urbanisering">urbanisering</a> och som ett led i denna politik har många socknar ombildats till köpingar (乡改镇), medan köpingar ombildats till städer på <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4radsniv%C3%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Häradsnivå">häradsnivå</a> (镇改市). Denna politik är kontroversiell och har kritiserats för att skapa urbanisering genom artificiella och administrativa metoder.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinas_provinser" title="Kinas provinser">Kinas provinser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinas_prefekturer" title="Kinas prefekturer">Kinas prefekturer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinas_h%C3%A4rad" title="Kinas härad">Kinas härad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinas_k%C3%B6pingar" title="Kinas köpingar">Kinas köpingar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cn-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-cn_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cn_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/test/2009-04/17/content_1288055.htm">中国的行政区划——县级以下基层行政单位</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Skinner (1965), s. 397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Uradyn E. Bulag, "From Yeke-Juu League to Ordos Municipality: Settler Colonialism and Alter/Native Urbanization in Inner Mongolia," <i>Provinicial China</i> 7, no. 2 (2002): 196-234. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/4294142">4294142</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFLieberthal2004">Lieberthal, Kenneth (2004) (på engelska). <i><span>Governing China: from revolution through reform</span></i> (2. ed.). New York: Norton. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/10053551">10053551</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-393-92492-0" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-393-92492-0">ISBN 0-393-92492-0</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governing+China%3A+from+revolution+through+reform&rft.aulast=Lieberthal&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Lieberthal%2C+Kenneth&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=2.+ed.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Norton&rft.isbn=0-393-92492-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kinas_socknar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFSkinner_G._William,_Baker_Hugh_D._R.1977">Skinner G. William, Baker Hugh D. R., red (1977) (på engelska). <i><span>The city in late Imperial China</span></i>. Studies in Chinese society, 99-0124153-7. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford U.P. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/5694044">5694044</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-8047-0892-4" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-8047-0892-4">ISBN 0-8047-0892-4</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+city+in+late+Imperial+China&rft.date=1977&rft.series=Studies+in+Chinese+society%2C+99-0124153-7&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Stanford+U.P.&rft.isbn=0-8047-0892-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kinas_socknar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Skinner, G. William. "Marketing and Social Structure in Rural China." <i>Journal of Asian Studies</i> 24, no. 1, 2, 3 (1964): 3-43, 195-228, 363-99. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/349637">349637</a></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWilkinson2012">Wilkinson, Endymion Porter. (2012) (på engelska). <i><span>Chinese history: a new manual</span></i> ([Rev. ed.].). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/13753255">13753255</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-674-06715-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-674-06715-8">ISBN 978-0-674-06715-8</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+history%3A+a+new+manual&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Endymion+Porter.&rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+Endymion+Porter.&rft.date=2012&rft.edition=%5BRev.+ed.%5D.&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.isbn=978-0-674-06715-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kinas_socknar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&oldid=56184301">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinas_socknar&oldid=56184301</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kinas_geografi" title="Kategori:Kinas geografi">Kinas geografi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Administrativa_indelningar_av_l%C3%A4nder_i_Asien" title="Kategori:Administrativa indelningar av länder i Asien">Administrativa indelningar av länder i Asien</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Socknar" title="Kategori:Socknar">Socknar</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dolda kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_med_text_p%C3%A5_f%C3%B6renklad_kinesiska" title="Kategori:Artiklar med text på förenklad kinesiska">Artiklar med text på förenklad kinesiska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_med_text_p%C3%A5_traditionell_kinesiska" title="Kategori:Artiklar med text på traditionell kinesiska">Artiklar med text på traditionell kinesiska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_med_text_p%C3%A5_uiguriska" title="Kategori:Artiklar med text på uiguriska">Artiklar med text på uiguriska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_med_text_p%C3%A5_kinesiska" title="Kategori:Artiklar med text på kinesiska">Artiklar med text på kinesiska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:WP:Projekt_Kina" title="Kategori:WP:Projekt Kina">WP:Projekt Kina</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 8 november 2024 kl. 09.35.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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