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But pains are quintessentially real. The evil of pain does not seem to lie in an absence of good. Though many directly take on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4960472" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Most modern writers accept that a privation theory of evil should explicitly account for the evil of pain. But pains are quintessentially real. The evil of pain does not seem to lie in an absence of good. Though many directly take on the challenges this raises, the metaphysics and axiology of their answers is often obscure. In this paper I try to straighten things out. By clarifying and categorizing the possible types of privation views, I explore the ways in which privationists about evil are—or should or could be—privationists about pain’s evil.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4960472" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="20186e287a0feadffcb64779b199b756" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40998933,"asset_id":4960472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40998933/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35663" href="https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson">Adam Swenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35663" type="text/json">{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4960472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4960472"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4960472, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4960472", }); 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4960473" data-work_id="4960473" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4960473/Pains_Evils">Pain's Evils</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4960473" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="104bffaba3ee6041d360c7d14e204230" rel="nofollow" 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Value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intrinsic_Value","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1912852" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utilitas">Utilitas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1912852" type="text/json">{"id":1912852,"name":"Utilitas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utilitas","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4960473]'), work: {"id":4960473,"title":"Pain's 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href="https://www.academia.edu/21609842/Pain_and_Value">Pain and Value</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">All existing explanations of why pain is intrinsically bad are false. They all rest upon a mistaken conception of what pains are. On this false view, pain is merely a kind of sensation or feeling. The nature of a stubbed toe is exhausted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21609842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">All existing explanations of why pain is intrinsically bad are false. They all rest upon a mistaken conception of what pains are. On this false view, pain is merely a kind of sensation or feeling. The nature of a stubbed toe is exhausted by the way it stings and throbs. However, on the correct view, pains are much richer and much more complex. For example, a pain’s intrinsic properties also include its sufferer’s beliefs about the causes and implications of her pain, the fear and anxiety she feels, and the way the pain compels her to contort and groan. But none of the existing accounts of pain’s intrinsic badness can place these additional properties at the source of pain’s evil. We should therefore reject them. Instead, we should adopt an account of pain’s intrinsic badness on which pains are intrinsically bad in two separate ways. One way lies in a certain conjunction of the pain’s intrinsic properties. The other lies in the way that many pains invade and seize control over a person’s mind and body. These novel accounts of pain’s nature and intrinsic badness have many important implications throughout value theory. Accepting them leads us, for example, to a new understanding of the nature and bearers of intrinsic value.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21609842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6074c9989cd7a48f2e97d1de4230f4f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42179537,"asset_id":21609842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42179537/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35663" href="https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson">Adam Swenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35663" type="text/json">{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21609842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21609842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21609842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21609842", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21609842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21609842").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21609842").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21609842"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2908" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axiology">Axiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2908" type="text/json">{"id":2908,"name":"Axiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axiology","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21609842]'), work: {"id":21609842,"title":"Pain and Value","created_at":"2016-02-05T19:36:53.652-08:00","owner_id":35663,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/21609842/Pain_and_Value","slug":"Pain_and_Value","dom_id":"work_21609842","summary":"All existing explanations of why pain is intrinsically bad are false. They all rest upon a mistaken conception of what pains are. On this false view, pain is merely a kind of sensation or feeling. The nature of a stubbed toe is exhausted by the way it stings and throbs. However, on the correct view, pains are much richer and much more complex. For example, a pain’s intrinsic properties also include its sufferer’s beliefs about the causes and implications of her pain, the fear and anxiety she feels, and the way the pain compels her to contort and groan. But none of the existing accounts of pain’s intrinsic badness can place these additional properties at the source of pain’s evil. We should therefore reject them. Instead, we should adopt an account of pain’s intrinsic badness on which pains are intrinsically bad in two separate ways. One way lies in a certain conjunction of the pain’s intrinsic properties. The other lies in the way that many pains invade and seize control over a person’s mind and body. These novel accounts of pain’s nature and intrinsic badness have many important implications throughout value theory. Accepting them leads us, for example, to a new understanding of the nature and bearers of intrinsic value.","publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42179537,"asset_id":21609842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42179537/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42179537/Pain_and_Value_final-libre.pdf?1454729707=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPain_and_Value.pdf\u0026Expires=1732451414\u0026Signature=ESWEkLCeg77-neg5YOFt4lQgCnvHtpR6u4zwSGYHDnqhnFJItvj3bOdx8sUtbp3dS3tT2x1ThLRiL0U1FClSJBUMTk8zYQOfD199kxSeaae9SorJy4fuSJifFe78g7~k338RcUhQKfVKWM7dl3c-6NpL~Hr96cmeER~mS3JrNnu7s0fhs3nzeYCMS1Rsz036DChNFMEXsAUs2NrolmRF-rtlLmH1hF9jqXECRen2Sh8L8ab0nEDD-gzKKPjBCZtoXKgg9BUI2krRZ7~LVo2829casFybyxdc-dF0TwLPqQNvlgLJKoOZZ8s7stEhic13AB~dOdIo7PLlxRvPMyqeQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42179537/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/42179537/mini_magick20190218-17447-1bbcciz.png?1550482712"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":42179537,"asset_id":21609842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42179537/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42179537/Pain_and_Value_final-libre.pdf?1454729707=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPain_and_Value.pdf\u0026Expires=1732451414\u0026Signature=ESWEkLCeg77-neg5YOFt4lQgCnvHtpR6u4zwSGYHDnqhnFJItvj3bOdx8sUtbp3dS3tT2x1ThLRiL0U1FClSJBUMTk8zYQOfD199kxSeaae9SorJy4fuSJifFe78g7~k338RcUhQKfVKWM7dl3c-6NpL~Hr96cmeER~mS3JrNnu7s0fhs3nzeYCMS1Rsz036DChNFMEXsAUs2NrolmRF-rtlLmH1hF9jqXECRen2Sh8L8ab0nEDD-gzKKPjBCZtoXKgg9BUI2krRZ7~LVo2829casFybyxdc-dF0TwLPqQNvlgLJKoOZZ8s7stEhic13AB~dOdIo7PLlxRvPMyqeQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42179537/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/42179537/mini_magick20190218-17447-1bbcciz.png?1550482712"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":104,"ordered_authors":[{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind","nofollow":false},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics","nofollow":false},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain","nofollow":false},{"id":2908,"name":"Axiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axiology","nofollow":false},{"id":10428,"name":"Value Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory"},{"id":14806,"name":"Metaethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaethics"},{"id":168305,"name":"Normative Ethics and Metaethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normative_Ethics_and_Metaethics"}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":2012,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":102,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38349644" data-work_id="38349644" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38349644/Personality_and_treatment_related_correlates_of_trustworthiness_A_web_survey_with_chronic_pain_narratives_Swenson_Weinstein_Junghaenel_Richeimer_">Personality and treatment-related correlates of trustworthiness: A web-survey with chronic pain narratives (Swenson, Weinstein, Junghaenel, Richeimer)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives. This study examined personality and treatment-related correlates of trustworthiness in chronic pain narratives. Methods. 727 adults participated in an online survey and rated eight narratives written by patients with chronic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38349644" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives. This study examined personality and treatment-related correlates of trustworthiness in chronic pain narratives. <br />Methods. 727 adults participated in an online survey and rated eight narratives written by patients with chronic pain. Eighty-six percent of the participants identified themselves as having experienced chronic pain (n = 626) and 14% identified themselves as people with a medical background (n = 101). The survey examined psychological characteristics, trustworthiness and expressions of pain severity, desire for medication, and frustration with pain care. <br />Results. Pain narratives that were rated as likable, stoic, or appreciative were significantly associated with higher trustworthiness; narratives that were rated as depressed, hostile, or histrionic were significantly associated with lower trustworthiness. Similar results were found for patient peers and clinicians. Patients that expressed a high level of pain severity were rated as significantly less trustworthy (P < .001). Pain narratives that expressed frustration with pain care were also rated as significantly less trustworthy (P = .009). For pain narratives that expressed frustration with pain care, patient peers gave higher ratings of trustworthiness compared to providers (P = .008), whereas both gave similar ratings when no frustration with pain care was expressed in the narrative. <br />Discussion. Our results show that the way in which patients communicate about their pain are significantly associated with how trustworthy they are perceived. Future research should explore how trustworthiness is related to subsequent pain management and interpersonal dynamics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38349644" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="761c8fa0d166351d21f2120ea30182d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62490457,"asset_id":38349644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62490457/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35663" href="https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson">Adam Swenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35663" type="text/json">{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38349644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38349644"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38349644, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38349644", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38349644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38349644; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38349644"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38349644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38349644"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38349644; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38349644]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38349644").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38349644").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38349644"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1750" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment">Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1750" type="text/json">{"id":1750,"name":"Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust">Trust</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3043" type="text/json">{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40165" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management">Pain Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40165" type="text/json">{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38349644]'), work: {"id":38349644,"title":"Personality and treatment-related correlates of trustworthiness: A web-survey with chronic pain narratives (Swenson, Weinstein, Junghaenel, Richeimer)","created_at":"2019-02-13T20:48:50.420-08:00","owner_id":35663,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/38349644/Personality_and_treatment_related_correlates_of_trustworthiness_A_web_survey_with_chronic_pain_narratives_Swenson_Weinstein_Junghaenel_Richeimer_","slug":"Personality_and_treatment_related_correlates_of_trustworthiness_A_web_survey_with_chronic_pain_narratives_Swenson_Weinstein_Junghaenel_Richeimer_","dom_id":"work_38349644","summary":"Objectives. This study examined personality and treatment-related correlates of trustworthiness in chronic pain narratives. \r\nMethods. 727 adults participated in an online survey and rated eight narratives written by patients with chronic pain. Eighty-six percent of the participants identified themselves as having experienced chronic pain (n = 626) and 14% identified themselves as people with a medical background (n = 101). The survey examined psychological characteristics, trustworthiness and expressions of pain severity, desire for medication, and frustration with pain care.\r\nResults. Pain narratives that were rated as likable, stoic, or appreciative were significantly associated with higher trustworthiness; narratives that were rated as depressed, hostile, or histrionic were significantly associated with lower trustworthiness. Similar results were found for patient peers and clinicians. Patients that expressed a high level of pain severity were rated as significantly less trustworthy (P \u003c .001). Pain narratives that expressed frustration with pain care were also rated as significantly less trustworthy (P = .009). For pain narratives that expressed frustration with pain care, patient peers gave higher ratings of trustworthiness compared to providers (P = .008), whereas both gave similar ratings when no frustration with pain care was expressed in the narrative. \r\nDiscussion. Our results show that the way in which patients communicate about their pain are significantly associated with how trustworthy they are perceived. Future research should explore how trustworthiness is related to subsequent pain management and interpersonal dynamics.\r\n","publication":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","publication_with_fallback":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62490457,"asset_id":38349644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62490457/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62490457/Personality_and_Treatment-Related_Correlates_of_Trustworthiness_A_Web-Survey_with_Chronic_Pain_Narratives_FINAL-libre.pdf?1585366160=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPersonality_and_treatment_related_correl.pdf\u0026Expires=1732475372\u0026Signature=JARTCTSL7lQOp4nZ4-YrHbfRFfuNRb6O7~gEk542NgOT7OR5vD1wVUgbbNakfayXyyNL3xxnlyr~1mJWIX76c9ezHw5RiuX7M0oZbu21u6I66hA99w1M7d00ojuY7tcOVPMS7KFaXuv~kwxSSAwRU-Eui6keJ0Hrvhfom3tx7z5pThROd8tqQD12WvYwmDrDvhbuTe1rXPaWzccvBkWy2PVkmjfsKTPPysFgfSR23hd~p2xsQ8ebItYapqU6AWY3jO-ps2z2Ehgnw-HX3GIuknB2lbtrK0aSDoOuBXPRs1DRumepx4S3U4nwxaP7Cqz75C~rUa9wSBgyvy86CsEvlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62490457/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62490457/mini_magick20200327-10003-adiib.png?1585366714"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":62490457,"asset_id":38349644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62490457/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62490457/Personality_and_Treatment-Related_Correlates_of_Trustworthiness_A_Web-Survey_with_Chronic_Pain_Narratives_FINAL-libre.pdf?1585366160=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPersonality_and_treatment_related_correl.pdf\u0026Expires=1732475372\u0026Signature=JARTCTSL7lQOp4nZ4-YrHbfRFfuNRb6O7~gEk542NgOT7OR5vD1wVUgbbNakfayXyyNL3xxnlyr~1mJWIX76c9ezHw5RiuX7M0oZbu21u6I66hA99w1M7d00ojuY7tcOVPMS7KFaXuv~kwxSSAwRU-Eui6keJ0Hrvhfom3tx7z5pThROd8tqQD12WvYwmDrDvhbuTe1rXPaWzccvBkWy2PVkmjfsKTPPysFgfSR23hd~p2xsQ8ebItYapqU6AWY3jO-ps2z2Ehgnw-HX3GIuknB2lbtrK0aSDoOuBXPRs1DRumepx4S3U4nwxaP7Cqz75C~rUa9wSBgyvy86CsEvlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62490457/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62490457/mini_magick20200327-10003-adiib.png?1585366714"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":22,"ordered_authors":[{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1750,"name":"Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment","nofollow":false},{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust","nofollow":false},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain","nofollow":false},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management","nofollow":false},{"id":58267,"name":"Vignettes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vignettes"},{"id":224005,"name":"Pain Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Medicine"},{"id":247334,"name":"Trust and Trustworthiness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust_and_Trustworthiness"},{"id":1956404,"name":"Narratives of pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narratives_of_pain"},{"id":3616831,"name":"Trustworthiness in Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trustworthiness_in_Medicine"}],"publication_year":2019,"publication_year_with_fallback":2019,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":18,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40009616" data-work_id="40009616" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40009616/Squaring_Autonomy_and_Fair_Plays_Obligations_MOTHBALLED">Squaring Autonomy and Fair Play's Obligations MOTHBALLED</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">[MOTHBALLED PROJECT: I've more-or-less abandoned this project. Some very helpful reviewer comments from Social Theory and Practice helped me realize that this isn't really a paper about political obligation. It started as that but evolved... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40009616" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">[MOTHBALLED PROJECT: I've more-or-less abandoned this project. Some very helpful reviewer comments from Social Theory and Practice helped me realize that this isn't really a paper about political obligation. It started as that but evolved into an account of how even the most stringent conceptions of autonomy are not conceptually in tension with our having myriad (often tacit) obligations to each other. Political obligation became at best a central example and at worst a distraction. I haven't found time to rework it accordingly.]<br /> <br />Philosophical Anarchists like Robert Nozick and R.P. Wolff have argued that fair play based political obligations are incompatible with respect for autonomy. On their view, an obligation is legitimate if and only if the autonomous person endorses it. On a principle of fair play, the fact that a person has benefited from the cooperative efforts of others entails an obligation to contribute whether she wants to or not. Thus the Philosophical Anarchist claims that, necessarily, the fact that a person has benefited from a government’s services cannot entail an obligation to obey or contribute to it. These arguments have been widely accepted. But they are wrong. The conflict only arises in rare cases in which a person has a particular set of substantive preferences. While an autonomy-respecting principle of fair play cannot impose political obligations on this limited group of citizens, such exceptions are too uncommon to threaten fair play as a ground of political obligation. Thus, even on the Philosophical Anarchist’s extremely strict conception of autonomy, fair play and autonomy only conflict at the fringes of pluralistic society. That is no problem for fair play based accounts of political obligation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40009616" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1af823fef8f3e14ba1d21cbbbd911032" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60202949,"asset_id":40009616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60202949/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35663" href="https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson">Adam Swenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35663" type="text/json">{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40009616 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40009616"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40009616, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40009616", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40009616]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40009616").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40009616").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40009616"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18373" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy">Moral Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18373" type="text/json">{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40009616]'), work: {"id":40009616,"title":"Squaring Autonomy and Fair Play's Obligations MOTHBALLED","created_at":"2019-08-04T14:28:23.804-07:00","owner_id":35663,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/40009616/Squaring_Autonomy_and_Fair_Plays_Obligations_MOTHBALLED","slug":"Squaring_Autonomy_and_Fair_Plays_Obligations_MOTHBALLED","dom_id":"work_40009616","summary":"[MOTHBALLED PROJECT: I've more-or-less abandoned this project. Some very helpful reviewer comments from Social Theory and Practice helped me realize that this isn't really a paper about political obligation. It started as that but evolved into an account of how even the most stringent conceptions of autonomy are not conceptually in tension with our having myriad (often tacit) obligations to each other. Political obligation became at best a central example and at worst a distraction. I haven't found time to rework it accordingly.]\n \nPhilosophical Anarchists like Robert Nozick and R.P. Wolff have argued that fair play based political obligations are incompatible with respect for autonomy. On their view, an obligation is legitimate if and only if the autonomous person endorses it. On a principle of fair play, the fact that a person has benefited from the cooperative efforts of others entails an obligation to contribute whether she wants to or not. Thus the Philosophical Anarchist claims that, necessarily, the fact that a person has benefited from a government’s services cannot entail an obligation to obey or contribute to it. These arguments have been widely accepted. But they are wrong. The conflict only arises in rare cases in which a person has a particular set of substantive preferences. While an autonomy-respecting principle of fair play cannot impose political obligations on this limited group of citizens, such exceptions are too uncommon to threaten fair play as a ground of political obligation. Thus, even on the Philosophical Anarchist’s extremely strict conception of autonomy, fair play and autonomy only conflict at the fringes of pluralistic society. That is no problem for fair play based accounts of political obligation. ","publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60202949,"asset_id":40009616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60202949/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60202949/Squaring_autonomy_and_fair_play_obligations_MOTHBALLED20190804-73811-zdrjux.doc?1564954099=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSquaring_Autonomy_and_Fair_Plays_Obligat.doc\u0026Expires=1732451413\u0026Signature=ALDABde1MWiOkDfSeXZlgiAFYKpdOQruF8ixQRXcsRtizSquH-bu3W4z5gxt9Uxq~LXw3Bs45lgaxA7YvlWnQFY2qGZY73SKCa420F-9lyjr0L85vjmF4sdmg7-RroRg8EUUUjGAy34Vppb5vz1uoDq3pzmgMkkar2AaFHlF5tCtuThLnSgfEbnYBm91~9VOq8RJ7yt9e22ZW3WH6KAI7hn7b4fjDinFjVpuvlTVX-kkddY0TQwPSlqAffLh0c4TuxjhKQ2K2kd3wr2oeLGdm1dmkvC7JqpNy4J90PqKisunn5MqxpsFv-NZDqy5w99jxoRfcS07PouJESzqAQ6r~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60202949/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60202949/mini_magick20190804-31492-crhusy.png?1564954136"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":60202949,"asset_id":40009616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60202949/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60202949/Squaring_autonomy_and_fair_play_obligations_MOTHBALLED20190804-73811-zdrjux.doc?1564954099=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSquaring_Autonomy_and_Fair_Plays_Obligat.doc\u0026Expires=1732451413\u0026Signature=ALDABde1MWiOkDfSeXZlgiAFYKpdOQruF8ixQRXcsRtizSquH-bu3W4z5gxt9Uxq~LXw3Bs45lgaxA7YvlWnQFY2qGZY73SKCa420F-9lyjr0L85vjmF4sdmg7-RroRg8EUUUjGAy34Vppb5vz1uoDq3pzmgMkkar2AaFHlF5tCtuThLnSgfEbnYBm91~9VOq8RJ7yt9e22ZW3WH6KAI7hn7b4fjDinFjVpuvlTVX-kkddY0TQwPSlqAffLh0c4TuxjhKQ2K2kd3wr2oeLGdm1dmkvC7JqpNy4J90PqKisunn5MqxpsFv-NZDqy5w99jxoRfcS07PouJESzqAQ6r~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60202949/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60202949/mini_magick20190804-31492-crhusy.png?1564954136"}],"has_pdf":false,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":56,"ordered_authors":[{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy","nofollow":false},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics","nofollow":false},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory","nofollow":false},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy","nofollow":false}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":null,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":34,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40009754" data-work_id="40009754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40009754/Gnawing_Searing_and_Stabbing_What_pains_might_represent_MOTHBALLED">Gnawing, Searing, and Stabbing What pains might represent MOTHBALLED</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The searing pain in my pinky is much more intense than the gnawing pain in my thumb. But the latter feels worse I’d much rather it stop. On a representationalist theory of the mind, pains are nothing more than representations of body... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40009754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The searing pain in my pinky is much more intense than the gnawing pain in my thumb. But the latter feels worse I’d much rather it stop. On a representationalist theory of the mind, pains are nothing more than representations of body damage. Any difference in how they feel is a difference in what they represent. But what could the differences in character, intensity, and badness be representing? Work on their general theory seems to keep most representationalists too busy to go into this sort of detail for pain. Fortunately, I’m not a representationalist. But I would like to help. In this paper I explore what representationalists could, and perhaps should, say about what these aspects of pain represent.<br /><br />[MOTHBALLED<br />This was an attempt to work through the specific details of pain’s alleged representational content in service of trying to better understand views like Tye’s. I gave versions of it at a couple of talks, but couldn’t figure out how to make it into a useful paper. Then (to my mind) more plausible representationalist accounts like Colin Klein’s came along and I lost interest in this project. ]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40009754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9533e97d18874ee13353fc70ad9cf500" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60203070,"asset_id":40009754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60203070/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35663" href="https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson">Adam Swenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35663" type="text/json">{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40009754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40009754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40009754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40009754", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40009754]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40009754").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40009754").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40009754"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Representation">Mental Representation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4136" type="text/json">{"id":4136,"name":"Mental Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Representation","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10501" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Representation_and_Content">Mental Representation and Content</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10501" type="text/json">{"id":10501,"name":"Mental Representation and Content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Representation_and_Content","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40009754]'), work: {"id":40009754,"title":"Gnawing, Searing, and Stabbing What pains might represent MOTHBALLED","created_at":"2019-08-04T14:45:53.712-07:00","owner_id":35663,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/40009754/Gnawing_Searing_and_Stabbing_What_pains_might_represent_MOTHBALLED","slug":"Gnawing_Searing_and_Stabbing_What_pains_might_represent_MOTHBALLED","dom_id":"work_40009754","summary":"The searing pain in my pinky is much more intense than the gnawing pain in my thumb. But the latter feels worse I’d much rather it stop. On a representationalist theory of the mind, pains are nothing more than representations of body damage. Any difference in how they feel is a difference in what they represent. But what could the differences in character, intensity, and badness be representing? Work on their general theory seems to keep most representationalists too busy to go into this sort of detail for pain. Fortunately, I’m not a representationalist. But I would like to help. In this paper I explore what representationalists could, and perhaps should, say about what these aspects of pain represent.\n\n[MOTHBALLED\nThis was an attempt to work through the specific details of pain’s alleged representational content in service of trying to better understand views like Tye’s. I gave versions of it at a couple of talks, but couldn’t figure out how to make it into a useful paper. Then (to my mind) more plausible representationalist accounts like Colin Klein’s came along and I lost interest in this project. ]","publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60203070,"asset_id":40009754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60203070/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60203070/Gnawing__Searing__and_Stabbing_What_pains_might_represent_MOTHBALLED20190804-95534-1hf9igg.docx?1564955148=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGnawing_Searing_and_Stabbing_What_pains.docx\u0026Expires=1732299313\u0026Signature=N72~PX5vnRSCYLy-jz9GLniwQSoWSGk6LdTb3A4Lj6f8g1CVyLE99nm-BJCKoBDphy96kJw7vKSb2UgheWFSaMXwoCwWC27SdQ6J4nySx7muYOLVio6nhg0C-Dsi-ebwXZsc4dutIvQ3MRZNKUi7DadsKS6jxe4L809~5pVQNthDj3QHMf5II3T48fX9q6pnhsCvuOV8Kf-4QzJDJfZN-oEcMOV4~iWQk3HukvpeQMgYl9-ssz0J3S29Us41si2tCAV4YPu9RAJq8aVt55qzVPTn0PFIu3fcY~DYI~jppkMI~kKpZ3xxj1Tnm6MXtNVsd2HNU-mxP5taP5ubRwdumQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60203070/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60203070/mini_magick20190804-31490-utzn0n.png?1564955282"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":60203070,"asset_id":40009754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60203070/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60203070/Gnawing__Searing__and_Stabbing_What_pains_might_represent_MOTHBALLED20190804-95534-1hf9igg.docx?1564955148=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGnawing_Searing_and_Stabbing_What_pains.docx\u0026Expires=1732299313\u0026Signature=N72~PX5vnRSCYLy-jz9GLniwQSoWSGk6LdTb3A4Lj6f8g1CVyLE99nm-BJCKoBDphy96kJw7vKSb2UgheWFSaMXwoCwWC27SdQ6J4nySx7muYOLVio6nhg0C-Dsi-ebwXZsc4dutIvQ3MRZNKUi7DadsKS6jxe4L809~5pVQNthDj3QHMf5II3T48fX9q6pnhsCvuOV8Kf-4QzJDJfZN-oEcMOV4~iWQk3HukvpeQMgYl9-ssz0J3S29Us41si2tCAV4YPu9RAJq8aVt55qzVPTn0PFIu3fcY~DYI~jppkMI~kKpZ3xxj1Tnm6MXtNVsd2HNU-mxP5taP5ubRwdumQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60203070/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60203070/mini_magick20190804-31490-utzn0n.png?1564955282"}],"has_pdf":false,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":42,"ordered_authors":[{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind","nofollow":false},{"id":4136,"name":"Mental Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Representation","nofollow":false},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain","nofollow":false},{"id":10501,"name":"Mental Representation and Content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Representation_and_Content","nofollow":false},{"id":50118,"name":"Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representation"},{"id":303636,"name":"Acute Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Pain"},{"id":367190,"name":"Burns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burns"}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":null,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":72,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40009788" data-work_id="40009788" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40009788/Why_is_there_war_in_Hobbess_state_of_nature_MOTHBALLED_PROJECT">Why is there war in Hobbes's state of nature? MOTHBALLED PROJECT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This was a project that started with a graduate school paper on Hobbes; after coming back to it a few times, I eventually abandoned it. Standard interpretations of Hobbes' argument that the state of nature is a war of all against all... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40009788" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This was a project that started with a graduate school paper on Hobbes; after coming back to it a few times, I eventually abandoned it.<br /><br />Standard interpretations of Hobbes' argument that the state of nature is a war of all against all usually start from assumptions about scarcity of goods and resources. However, at least in Leviathan, Hobbes himself doesn't say much about scarcity. I try to suggest that the conflict in the state of nature doesn't begin from scarcity, but rather the tendency of each person to overestimate her intelligence and ability relative to all others, which Hobbes spends a good deal of time discussing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40009788" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d16e15cf74996a6dabdf646d18924b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60203106,"asset_id":40009788,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60203106/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35663" href="https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson">Adam Swenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35663" type="text/json">{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40009788 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40009788"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40009788, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40009788", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40009788]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40009788").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40009788").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40009788"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3876" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hobbes">Hobbes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3876" type="text/json">{"id":3876,"name":"Hobbes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hobbes","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10492" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10492" type="text/json">{"id":10492,"name":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_Hobbes","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="620285" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy">History of Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="620285" type="text/json">{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40009788]'), work: {"id":40009788,"title":"Why is there war in Hobbes's state of nature? MOTHBALLED PROJECT","created_at":"2019-08-04T14:55:36.130-07:00","owner_id":35663,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/40009788/Why_is_there_war_in_Hobbess_state_of_nature_MOTHBALLED_PROJECT","slug":"Why_is_there_war_in_Hobbess_state_of_nature_MOTHBALLED_PROJECT","dom_id":"work_40009788","summary":"This was a project that started with a graduate school paper on Hobbes; after coming back to it a few times, I eventually abandoned it.\n\nStandard interpretations of Hobbes' argument that the state of nature is a war of all against all usually start from assumptions about scarcity of goods and resources. However, at least in Leviathan, Hobbes himself doesn't say much about scarcity. I try to suggest that the conflict in the state of nature doesn't begin from scarcity, but rather the tendency of each person to overestimate her intelligence and ability relative to all others, which Hobbes spends a good deal of time discussing.","publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60203106,"asset_id":40009788,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60203106/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60203106/Why_is_there_war_in_Hobbess_state_of_nature_MOTHBALLED20190804-18311-1bkusg0.doc?1564955731=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhy_is_there_war_in_Hobbess_state_of_nat.doc\u0026Expires=1732475373\u0026Signature=AKLj6aNMX5qxOULIOMK3a9nb05HLSfw46inQtm~74wLpGVblyATic~QAkeeGbwpAc7jEFZzvE7~45YNvuvF7V0e~on3ddhAykzqedziS-WrsuUE9~eqcm32jzslk63j6Xk~2Pp66ZiuOfG9OTbjU7w2opKdto3Cql5ODLSsQF44LV3g4r6ex0ZTz40xcYCd2SsdMbRMzOJ8ZpSkCYyyNncnaWOryNLvZ0tsnXznPs3k-t9MJ4a0s2FKw6Cdxf9G6tcFghkdEPIM~svnzOimZQP~HlUOgveM0LOIW~XFBj7vOcadDCbHnolilet86T3HtS6BOkEvBs~0e1NAxddoqpw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60203106/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60203106/mini_magick20190804-31492-njzzpz.png?1564955769"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":60203106,"asset_id":40009788,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60203106/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60203106/Why_is_there_war_in_Hobbess_state_of_nature_MOTHBALLED20190804-18311-1bkusg0.doc?1564955731=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhy_is_there_war_in_Hobbess_state_of_nat.doc\u0026Expires=1732475373\u0026Signature=AKLj6aNMX5qxOULIOMK3a9nb05HLSfw46inQtm~74wLpGVblyATic~QAkeeGbwpAc7jEFZzvE7~45YNvuvF7V0e~on3ddhAykzqedziS-WrsuUE9~eqcm32jzslk63j6Xk~2Pp66ZiuOfG9OTbjU7w2opKdto3Cql5ODLSsQF44LV3g4r6ex0ZTz40xcYCd2SsdMbRMzOJ8ZpSkCYyyNncnaWOryNLvZ0tsnXznPs3k-t9MJ4a0s2FKw6Cdxf9G6tcFghkdEPIM~svnzOimZQP~HlUOgveM0LOIW~XFBj7vOcadDCbHnolilet86T3HtS6BOkEvBs~0e1NAxddoqpw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60203106/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60203106/mini_magick20190804-31492-njzzpz.png?1564955769"}],"has_pdf":false,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":25,"ordered_authors":[{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics","nofollow":false},{"id":3876,"name":"Hobbes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hobbes","nofollow":false},{"id":10492,"name":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_Hobbes","nofollow":false},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy","nofollow":false}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":null,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":14,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40009875" data-work_id="40009875" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40009875/Masochism_and_how_to_think_about_pain_MOTHBALLED">Masochism and how to think about pain MOTHBALLED</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pain has properties which make conceptual analysis and thought experiment unusually ill-suited to many aspects of its metaphysics. I propose an empirically informed approach which allows us to be appropriately tentative and methodical in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40009875" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pain has properties which make conceptual analysis and thought experiment unusually ill-suited to many aspects of its metaphysics. I propose an empirically informed approach which allows us to be appropriately tentative and methodical in thinking about pain. To demonstrate this approach I address the possibility of so-called 'pleasure-pains' and suggest that they are metaphysically possible (and perhaps actual). Throughout the paper I catalog the wide range of experiences which practicing masochists actually describe and the current state of psychosocial research.<br /><br />[MOTHBALLED: In the process of cutting down a much larger project on masochistic pain into something for submission to a journal I managed edit out most of the argumentative sections. The result was material from psychology and masochistic erotica interspersed with me declaiming on pretty much every important point. Very embarrassing. I then became president of the faculty for a few years and haven't yet had time or inclination to try to repair the botched editing job. I'm posting it here in the hope that some of the source material is at least useful to others thinking about the topic. ]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40009875" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ceeefb301b48856d8c5c37fbcdfb730d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60203196,"asset_id":40009875,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60203196/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35663" href="https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson">Adam Swenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35663" type="text/json">{"id":35663,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Swenson","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"AdamSwenson","display_name":"Adam Swenson","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/AdamSwenson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35663/82193/90059/s65_adam.swenson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40009875 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40009875"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40009875, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40009875", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40009875]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40009875").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40009875").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40009875"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5178" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology">Phenomenology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5178" type="text/json">{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory">Value Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10428" type="text/json">{"id":10428,"name":"Value Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11339" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masochism">Masochism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11339" type="text/json">{"id":11339,"name":"Masochism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masochism","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40009875]'), work: {"id":40009875,"title":"Masochism and how to think about pain MOTHBALLED","created_at":"2019-08-04T15:21:01.847-07:00","owner_id":35663,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/40009875/Masochism_and_how_to_think_about_pain_MOTHBALLED","slug":"Masochism_and_how_to_think_about_pain_MOTHBALLED","dom_id":"work_40009875","summary":"Pain has properties which make conceptual analysis and thought experiment unusually ill-suited to many aspects of its metaphysics. I propose an empirically informed approach which allows us to be appropriately tentative and methodical in thinking about pain. To demonstrate this approach I address the possibility of so-called 'pleasure-pains' and suggest that they are metaphysically possible (and perhaps actual). Throughout the paper I catalog the wide range of experiences which practicing masochists actually describe and the current state of psychosocial research.\n\n[MOTHBALLED: In the process of cutting down a much larger project on masochistic pain into something for submission to a journal I managed edit out most of the argumentative sections. The result was material from psychology and masochistic erotica interspersed with me declaiming on pretty much every important point. Very embarrassing. I then became president of the faculty for a few years and haven't yet had time or inclination to try to repair the botched editing job. I'm posting it here in the hope that some of the source material is at least useful to others thinking about the topic. 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Masochism)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BDSM_Bondage_and_Discipline_Dominance_and_Submission_Sadism_and_Masochism_"}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":null,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":223,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_87304591" data-work_id="87304591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87304591/Personality_and_treatment_related_correlates_of_trustworthiness_A_web_survey_with_chronic_pain_narratives">Personality and treatment-related correlates of trustworthiness: A web-survey with chronic pain narratives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item 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Book - Kant's Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason: an Interpretation and Defense (Kantian Review 20:2, 341-345)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Robert Gressis' review of my recent commentary on Kant's Religion (Routledge 2014)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13758374" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b03836dd739d6548afade47465a72130" rel="nofollow" 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Boundaries of Mere Reason, has been consistently misinterpreted since he first presented it. As a result, readers have taken it to be a mess of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52556874" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: Kant&#x27;s theory of evil, presented most fully in his Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, has been consistently misinterpreted since he first presented it. As a result, readers have taken it to be a mess of inconsistencies and eccentricities and so have tried to mine ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52556874" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="be076064e42fe425876fb76801343dc4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69767381,"asset_id":52556874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69767381/download_file?st=MTczMjQ5Mzc2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1910" href="https://csun.academia.edu/RobertGressis">Robert Gressis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1910" type="text/json">{"id":1910,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Gressis","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"RobertGressis","display_name":"Robert Gressis","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/RobertGressis","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1910/910/1023/s65_robert.gressis.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52556874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52556874"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52556874, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52556874", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_52556874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52556874; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_52556874"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52556874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52556874"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52556874; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52556874]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52556874").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52556874").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52556874"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="200224" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Deception">Self Deception</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="200224" type="text/json">{"id":200224,"name":"Self Deception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Deception","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52556874]'), work: {"id":52556874,"title":"Kant's theory of evil: An interpretation and defense (Immanuel Kant)","created_at":"2021-09-16T14:45:13.433-07:00","owner_id":1910,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/52556874/Kants_theory_of_evil_An_interpretation_and_defense_Immanuel_Kant_","slug":"Kants_theory_of_evil_An_interpretation_and_defense_Immanuel_Kant_","dom_id":"work_52556874","summary":"Abstract: Kant\u0026#x27;s theory of evil, presented most fully in his Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, has been consistently misinterpreted since he first presented it. 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u-mb0x js-work-card work_73618193" data-work_id="73618193" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73618193/Why_Is_Kant_Noncommittal_About_Grace">Why Is Kant Noncommittal About Grace</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason , Kant claims that we may need to invoke divine aid in order to explain how a person can change from evil to good. Kant’s language is a bit curious; why does he not more clearly assert, either... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73618193" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason , Kant claims that we may need to invoke divine aid in order to explain how a person can change from evil to good. Kant’s language is a bit curious; why does he not more clearly assert, either that we must posit divine grace, or that we may not? The explanation is this: if we affirm that God grants aid, then this could convince people to passively await it or to think, upon becoming good, that they are part of a special elect. On the other hand, if we affirm that God does not help, then some may despair of ever becoming good while those who successfully change could become arrogant. 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