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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Duty_to_disclose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duty_to_disclose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Duty to disclose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duty_to_disclose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-False_alibi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#False_alibi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>False alibi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-False_alibi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alibi_agency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alibi_agency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alibi agency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alibi_agency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alibi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="دفع بالغيبة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دفع بالغيبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="অ্যালিবাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যালিবাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Алібі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алібі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Алібі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Алібі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Алиби – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алиби" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coartada" title="Coartada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coartada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibio" title="Alibio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alibio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مستغنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مستغنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliby" title="Aliby – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aliby" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%84%EC%9E%A5%EB%B6%80%EC%9E%AC%EC%A6%9D%EB%AA%85" title="현장부재증명 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="현장부재증명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%AB" title="Ալիբի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալիբի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF)" title="ऐलिबाय (अन्यत्र उपस्थिति) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐलिबाय (अन्यत्र उपस्थिति)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibio" title="Alibio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alibio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99" title="אליבי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אליבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ალიბი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალიბი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Алиби – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алиби" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi_(bewijs)" title="Alibi (bewijs) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alibi (bewijs)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4" title="アリバイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アリバイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬਹਾਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਹਾਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi_(Kriminalistik)" title="Alibi (Kriminalistik) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Alibi (Kriminalistik)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Алиби – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алиби" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi_(kriminalistika)" title="Alibi (kriminalistika) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alibi (kriminalistika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi" title="Alibi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alibi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Алиби – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алиби" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Алібі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алібі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%A8%E5%A0%B4%E8%AD%89%E6%98%8E" title="不在場證明 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="不在場證明" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%BA%E8%AF%81%E6%98%8E" title="不在场证明 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="不在场证明" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q468947#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Defence of being elsewhere when a crime happened</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alibi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alibi (disambiguation)">Alibi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style 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.sidebar-above{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-below{padding:0.4em;border-top:1px #aaa solid;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist law-sidebar"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Criminal_defenses" title="Criminal defenses">Criminal defenses</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> Part of the <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> series</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actual_innocence" title="Actual innocence">Actual innocence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_immunity" title="Legal immunity">Immunity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Insanity_defense" title="Insanity defense">Mental disorder (Insanity)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diminished_responsibility" title="Diminished responsibility">Diminished responsibility</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Intoxication_defense" title="Intoxication defense">Intoxication</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_infancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense of infancy">Infancy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automatism_(law)" title="Automatism (law)">Automatism</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alibi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consent_(criminal_law)" title="Consent (criminal law)">Consent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mistake_(criminal_law)" title="Mistake (criminal law)">Mistake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Duress" class="mw-redirect" title="Duress">Duress</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_criminal_responsibility" title="Age of criminal responsibility">Age</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Necessity_(criminal_law)" title="Necessity (criminal law)">Necessity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Provocation_(law)" title="Provocation (law)">Provocation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_self-defense" title="Right of self-defense">Self-defense</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/False_confession" title="False confession">False confession</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Entrapment" title="Entrapment">Entrapment</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>See also</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">Criminal law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_procedure" title="Criminal procedure">procedure</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">Criminal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Contract_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract law">Contract</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tort_law" class="mw-redirect" 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Criminal_defenses" title="Template:Criminal defenses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Criminal_defenses" title="Template talk:Criminal defenses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Criminal_defenses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Criminal defenses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>alibi</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alibi#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:alibi">alibī</a></i>, meaning "somewhere else") is a statement by a person under suspicion in a crime that they were in a different place when the offence was committed. During a police investigation, all suspects are usually asked to provide details of their whereabouts during the relevant time period, which, where possible, would usually be confirmed by other persons or in other ways (such as by checking phone records, or credit card receipts, use of <a href="/wiki/CCTV" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV">CCTV</a>, etc.). </p><p>During a criminal trial, an alibi is a <a href="/wiki/Defence_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence (law)">defence</a> raised by the accused as proof that they could not have committed the crime because they were in some other place at the time the alleged offence was committed. The <i>Criminal Law Deskbook</i> of Criminal Procedure<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> states: "Alibi is different from all of the other defences; it is based upon the premise that the defendant is truly innocent." </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duty_to_disclose">Duty to disclose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alibi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Duty to disclose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some <a href="/wiki/List_of_country_legal_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country legal systems">legal jurisdictions</a> there may be a requirement that the accused disclose an alibi defence prior to the trial. This is to enable the investigators to verify whether or not such a claim is true. This is an exception to the rule that a criminal defendant cannot normally be compelled to furnish information to the prosecution. Since the alibi involves evidence of innocence rather than guilt, the privilege against self-incrimination is not implicated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Canada, the defence must disclose an alibi defence with sufficient time for the authorities to investigate the alibi, and with sufficient particularization to allow for a meaningful investigation. Failure to comply with the two requirements will result in the court making an <a href="/wiki/Adverse_inference" title="Adverse inference">adverse inference</a> against the alibi defence (but will not result in the exclusion of the alibi defence).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conversely, some judges in other jurisdictions have held the opinion that the mandatory early disclosure of alibis is unfair, possibly even unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="False_alibi">False alibi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alibi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: False alibi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The giving of a false alibi, beside resulting in possible subsequent <a href="/wiki/Criminal_offence" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal offence">criminal offences</a> (<a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a>, etc.), may, in some jurisdictions, result in negative ramifications for the trial itself, as it may be considered evidence of <a href="/wiki/Consciousness_of_guilt" title="Consciousness of guilt">consciousness of guilt</a>. </p><p>In Canada, the giving of a false alibi may be used by the court as actual evidence of guilt, provided certain requirements are met.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically: </p> <ul><li>The alibi must not be believed;</li> <li>There is evidence of an intention to <a href="/wiki/Lie#Fabrication" title="Lie">fabricate</a> the alibi that is independent from the evidence used to show the alibi is false; and</li> <li>The court must reject all innocent explanations offered that would explain why a false alibi was fabricated.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alibi_agency">Alibi agency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alibi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alibi agency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <b>alibi agency</b>, also called an <b>alibi network</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forges explanations for unexcused absences, e.g. due to an <a href="/wiki/Extramarital_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Extramarital affair">extramarital affair</a> or adultery. In other words, alibi agencies are paid to <a href="/wiki/Lie" title="Lie">lie</a> for their customers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originating in 1990s Japan, such services appeared in Europe in 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they were condemned as immoral by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are the subject of the 2006 movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Alibi" title="The Alibi">The Alibi</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alibi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1988; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8205-1217-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8205-1217-6">0-8205-1217-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canlii.ca/en/ca/scc/doc/1995/1995canlii63/1995canlii63.html"><i>R. v. Cleghorn</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130115132507/http://www.canlii.ca/en/ca/scc/doc/1995/1995canlii63/1995canlii63.html">Archived</a> 2013-01-15 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, [1995] S.C.R. 175 at para. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0399_0078_ZX.html">"<i>Williams v. Florida</i>, USSC, Dissenting opinion"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130804201221/http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0399_0078_ZX.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Williams+v.+Florida%2C+USSC%2C+Dissenting+opinion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fsupct%2Fhtml%2Fhistorics%2FUSSC_CR_0399_0078_ZX.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlibi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120721154708/http://www.canlii.ca/en/ca/scc/doc/2002/2002scc39/2002scc39.html"><i>R. v. Hibbert</i></a>, [2002] 2 S.C.R. 445</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canlii.ca/en/on/onca/doc/2002/2002canlii3540/2002canlii3540.html"><i>R. v. O'Connor</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120724002601/http://www.canlii.ca/en/on/onca/doc/2002/2002canlii3540/2002canlii3540.html">Archived</a> 2012-07-24 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, (2002) 170 C.C.C. (3d) 365 (Ont. C.A.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumacher2016" class="citation news cs1">Schumacher, Elizabeth (17 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/lies-for-sale-alibi-agency-helps-germans-out-of-sticky-situations/a-36428779">"Lies for sale: Alibi agency helps Germans out of sticky situations | DW | 17.11.2016"</a>. <i>Deutsche Welle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201906/https://www.dw.com/en/lies-for-sale-alibi-agency-helps-germans-out-of-sticky-situations/a-36428779">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Lies+for+sale%3A+Alibi+agency+helps+Germans+out+of+sticky+situations+%7C+DW+%7C+17.11.2016&rft.date=2016-11-17&rft.aulast=Schumacher&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Flies-for-sale-alibi-agency-helps-germans-out-of-sticky-situations%2Fa-36428779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlibi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110422131937/http://alibinetwork.com/index.jsp">"Alibi services for married and looking for discreet relationships and discreet affairs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alibinetwork.com/index.jsp">the original</a> on 2011-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alibi+services+for+married+and+looking+for+discreet+relationships+and+discreet+affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibinetwork.com%2Findex.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlibi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cory_Doctorow" title="Cory Doctorow">Doctorow, Cory</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boingboing.net/2006/11/12/pro_excusemakers_hel.html">"Pro. Excuse Makers Help You Live A Lie"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100130104439/http://www.boingboing.net/2006/11/12/pro_excusemakers_hel.html">Archived</a> 2010-01-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Boing_Boing" title="Boing Boing">Boing Boing</a></i> via <a href="/wiki/Kottke.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottke.org">kottke.org</a> 12 November 2006. Accessed: 2011-04-18. (Archived by WebCite at)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bonnie Malkin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1562937/Agency-offers-cheaters-12-alibi.html">"Agency offers cheaters £12 alibi"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704202417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1562937/Agency-offers-cheaters-12-alibi.html">Archived</a> 2019-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, 12 September 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Hooper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/infidelity-finds-a-faithful-friend-in-alibi-agency/2007/03/13/1173722468004.html">"Infidelity finds a faithful friend in alibi agency"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100709070823/http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/infidelity-finds-a-faithful-friend-in-alibi-agency/2007/03/13/1173722468004.html">Archived</a> 2010-07-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a></i>, 14 March 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helen Nugent, Allan Hall: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081008004523/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article476097.ece">"Now sex cheats can buy an alibi for £800 a day"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, 30 August 2004</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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