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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Optimality Theory</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">10,831 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Optimality Theory</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Optimality_Theory">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3202591" data-work_id="3202591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3202591/Phonological_Precedence_in_Dyslexia_A_Case_Study">Phonological Precedence in Dyslexia: A Case Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Developmental dyslexia is believed to involve a phonological deficit of which the exact properties have not been clearly established. This article presents the findings of a longitudinal case study that suggest that, at least for some... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3202591" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Developmental dyslexia is believed to involve a phonological deficit of which the exact properties have not been clearly established. This article presents the findings of a longitudinal case study that suggest that, at least for some people with dyslexia, the fundamental problem involves a disturbance of temporal-spatial ordering abilities. A very frequent reading error of the case is to misread</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3202591" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2694506" href="https://fullerton.academia.edu/PatriciaSchneiderZioga">Patricia Schneider-Zioga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2694506" type="text/json">{"id":2694506,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Schneider-Zioga","domain_name":"fullerton","page_name":"PatriciaSchneiderZioga","display_name":"Patricia Schneider-Zioga","profile_url":"https://fullerton.academia.edu/PatriciaSchneiderZioga?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2694506/863591/1077513/s65_patricia.schneider-zioga.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3202591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3202591"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3202591, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3202591", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3202591]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3202591").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3202591").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3202591"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1417" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Acquisition">Language Acquisition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1417" type="text/json">{"id":1417,"name":"Language Acquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Acquisition?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_dyslexia">Developmental dyslexia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31879" type="text/json">{"id":31879,"name":"Developmental dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_dyslexia?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96047" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study">Case Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="96047" type="text/json">{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3202591]'), work: {"id":3202591,"title":"Phonological Precedence in Dyslexia: A Case Study","created_at":"2013-04-03T10:14:31.545-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3202591/Phonological_Precedence_in_Dyslexia_A_Case_Study?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_3202591","summary":"Developmental dyslexia is believed to involve a phonological deficit of which the exact properties have not been clearly established. This article presents the findings of a longitudinal case study that suggest that, at least for some people with dyslexia, the fundamental problem involves a disturbance of temporal-spatial ordering abilities. A very frequent reading error of the case is to misread","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2694506,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Schneider-Zioga","domain_name":"fullerton","page_name":"PatriciaSchneiderZioga","display_name":"Patricia Schneider-Zioga","profile_url":"https://fullerton.academia.edu/PatriciaSchneiderZioga?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2694506/863591/1077513/s65_patricia.schneider-zioga.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1417,"name":"Language Acquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Acquisition?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":31879,"name":"Developmental dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_dyslexia?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40796200" data-work_id="40796200" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40796200/Domain_modelling_in_Optimality_Theory_Morphophonological_cyclicity_vs_stepwise_prosodic_parsing">Domain modelling in Optimality Theory: Morphophonological cyclicity vs. stepwise prosodic parsing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines opaque examples of phrase-level phonology taken from Chilean Spanish under the framework of Stratal Optimality Theory (OT) (Rubach 1997; Bermúdez-Otero 2003, 2019) and Harmonic Serialism (HS) (McCarthy 2008a, b, 2016).... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40796200" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines opaque examples of phrase-level phonology taken from Chilean Spanish under the framework of Stratal Optimality Theory (OT) (Rubach 1997; Bermúdez-Otero 2003, 2019) and Harmonic Serialism (HS) (McCarthy 2008a, b, 2016). The data show an interesting double repair of the coda /s/ taking place at word edges. It is argued that Stratal OT is superior in modelling phonological processes that take place at the interface between morphology and phonology because it embraces cyclicity. Under this model, prosodic structure is built serially, level by level, and in accordance with the morphological structure of the input string. In this way, opacity at constituent edges can be solved. Stratal OT also provides insight into word-internal morphological structure and the domain-specificity of phonological processes. It is demonstrated that a distinction in this model is necessary between the word and the phrase levels, and between the stem and the word levels. As illustrated by the behaviour of Spanish nouns, affixation and the resultant alternations inform us about the domains to which both morphological and phonological processes should be assigned. Against this background, Harmonic Serialism embraces an apparently simpler recursive mechanism in which stepwise prosodic parsing can be incorporated. What is more, it offers insight into the nature of operations in OT, as well as into such problematic issues as structure building and directionality. Nevertheless, despite the model's ability to solve various cases of opacity, the need to distinguish between two competing repairs makes HS fail when confronted with the Chilean data under examination.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40796200" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e7ae6982e0d474cd57411cc5eef6232" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61078586,"asset_id":40796200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61078586/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4800082" href="https://uw.academia.edu/KarolinaBros">Karolina Broś</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4800082" type="text/json">{"id":4800082,"first_name":"Karolina","last_name":"Broś","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"KarolinaBros","display_name":"Karolina Broś","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/KarolinaBros?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4800082/2045455/16201715/s65_karolina.bro_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40796200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40796200"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40796200, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40796200", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40796200]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40796200").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40796200").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40796200"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12492" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics">Spanish Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12492" type="text/json">{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135727" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opacity">Opacity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="135727" type="text/json">{"id":135727,"name":"Opacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opacity?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40796200]'), work: {"id":40796200,"title":"Domain modelling in Optimality Theory: Morphophonological cyclicity vs. stepwise prosodic parsing","created_at":"2019-10-31T05:06:08.675-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40796200/Domain_modelling_in_Optimality_Theory_Morphophonological_cyclicity_vs_stepwise_prosodic_parsing?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_40796200","summary":"This paper examines opaque examples of phrase-level phonology taken from Chilean Spanish under the framework of Stratal Optimality Theory (OT) (Rubach 1997; Bermúdez-Otero 2003, 2019) and Harmonic Serialism (HS) (McCarthy 2008a, b, 2016). The data show an interesting double repair of the coda /s/ taking place at word edges. It is argued that Stratal OT is superior in modelling phonological processes that take place at the interface between morphology and phonology because it embraces cyclicity. Under this model, prosodic structure is built serially, level by level, and in accordance with the morphological structure of the input string. In this way, opacity at constituent edges can be solved. Stratal OT also provides insight into word-internal morphological structure and the domain-specificity of phonological processes. It is demonstrated that a distinction in this model is necessary between the word and the phrase levels, and between the stem and the word levels. As illustrated by the behaviour of Spanish nouns, affixation and the resultant alternations inform us about the domains to which both morphological and phonological processes should be assigned. Against this background, Harmonic Serialism embraces an apparently simpler recursive mechanism in which stepwise prosodic parsing can be incorporated. What is more, it offers insight into the nature of operations in OT, as well as into such problematic issues as structure building and directionality. Nevertheless, despite the model's ability to solve various cases of opacity, the need to distinguish between two competing repairs makes HS fail when confronted with the Chilean data under examination.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61078586,"asset_id":40796200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4800082,"first_name":"Karolina","last_name":"Broś","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"KarolinaBros","display_name":"Karolina Broś","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/KarolinaBros?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4800082/2045455/16201715/s65_karolina.bro_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":135727,"name":"Opacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opacity?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":152376,"name":"Phonological Opacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonological_Opacity?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10147955" data-work_id="10147955" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10147955/Constraint_Catalogue">Constraint Catalogue</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10147955" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="751a0adf0d93749851ef06cffb51f2f1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36256865,"asset_id":10147955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36256865/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24540666" href="https://diu.academia.edu/SteveParker">Steve Parker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24540666" type="text/json">{"id":24540666,"first_name":"Steve","last_name":"Parker","domain_name":"diu","page_name":"SteveParker","display_name":"Steve Parker","profile_url":"https://diu.academia.edu/SteveParker?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24540666/6700270/7569259/s65_steve.parker.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10147955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10147955"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10147955, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10147955", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10147955]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10147955").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10147955").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10147955"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10147955]'), work: {"id":10147955,"title":"Constraint Catalogue","created_at":"2015-01-13T12:41:38.874-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10147955/Constraint_Catalogue?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_10147955","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36256865,"asset_id":10147955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24540666,"first_name":"Steve","last_name":"Parker","domain_name":"diu","page_name":"SteveParker","display_name":"Steve Parker","profile_url":"https://diu.academia.edu/SteveParker?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24540666/6700270/7569259/s65_steve.parker.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_440343 coauthored" data-work_id="440343" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/440343/Variation_and_Opacity_In_Singapore_English_Consonant_Clusters">Variation and Opacity In Singapore English Consonant Clusters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Singapore English consonant clusters undergo phonological processes that exhibit variation and opacity. Quantitative evidence shows that these patterns are genuine and systematic. Two main conclusions emerge. First, a small set of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_440343" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Singapore English consonant clusters undergo phonological processes that exhibit variation and opacity. Quantitative evidence shows that these patterns are genuine and systematic. Two main conclusions emerge. First, a small set of phonological constraints yields a typological structure (T-order) that captures the quantitative patterns, independently of speciﬁc assumptions about how the grammar represents variation. Second, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that phonological opacity has only one source: the interleaving of phonology and morphology</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/440343" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05fda259e95280108524791e7f62f4fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3440838,"asset_id":440343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3440838/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="330271" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/JenniferNycz">Jennifer Nycz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="330271" type="text/json">{"id":330271,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Nycz","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"JenniferNycz","display_name":"Jennifer Nycz","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/JenniferNycz?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/330271/92171/5124810/s65_jennifer.nycz.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-440343">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-440343"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/StefanBenus">Stefan Benus</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArtoAnttila">Arto Anttila</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-440343'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-440343').html(); 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produced a number of models casting future scenarios of the forest industry. At the same time, FOR has also been involved in ecosystem modeling and forest resource assessments. Linking... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14082074" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In its history, IIASA's Forestry (FOR) Project has produced a number of models casting future scenarios of the forest industry. At the same time, FOR has also been involved in ecosystem modeling and forest resource assessments. Linking the processes of forest industry development to its resource use will be of particular interest in the activity that FOR started this year - Information Technology and Structural Change of the Global Forest Sector. In this particular work, carried out in cooperation with the Finnish Forest Research Institute in Helsinki, Markku Penttinen establishes a decision tool that will help in endeavoring to answer the question of whether information technology will or will not improve the sustainability of the world's forest resources.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14082074" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c31bd775d107ab8db27b3559cd8fb990" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38198751,"asset_id":14082074,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38198751/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27425264" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Penttinen">Markku Penttinen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27425264" type="text/json">{"id":27425264,"first_name":"Markku","last_name":"Penttinen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Penttinen","display_name":"Markku Penttinen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Penttinen?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27425264/7804098/8746162/s65_markku.penttinen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14082074 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14082074"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14082074, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14082074", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14082074]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14082074").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14082074").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14082074"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14082074]'), work: {"id":14082074,"title":"Timber Harvesting with Variable Prices and Costs","created_at":"2015-07-15T10:39:56.061-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14082074/Timber_Harvesting_with_Variable_Prices_and_Costs?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_14082074","summary":"In its history, IIASA's Forestry (FOR) Project has produced a number of models casting future scenarios of the forest industry. At the same time, FOR has also been involved in ecosystem modeling and forest resource assessments. Linking the processes of forest industry development to its resource use will be of particular interest in the activity that FOR started this year - Information Technology and Structural Change of the Global Forest Sector. In this particular work, carried out in cooperation with the Finnish Forest Research Institute in Helsinki, Markku Penttinen establishes a decision tool that will help in endeavoring to answer the question of whether information technology will or will not improve the sustainability of the world's forest resources.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38198751,"asset_id":14082074,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27425264,"first_name":"Markku","last_name":"Penttinen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Penttinen","display_name":"Markku Penttinen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Penttinen?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27425264/7804098/8746162/s65_markku.penttinen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33372663" data-work_id="33372663" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33372663/A_COMPARATIVE_PHONOLOGICAL_STUDY_OF_TWO_VARIETIES_OF_THE_ASSAMESE_LANGUAGE">A COMPARATIVE PHONOLOGICAL STUDY OF TWO VARIETIES OF THE ASSAMESE LANGUAGE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This dissertation investigates four issues related to different phonological characteristics pertaining to the Nalbaria dialect and the standard Assamese variety: ‗segmental and syllable structure and stress pattern‘, ‗differences in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33372663" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This dissertation investigates four issues related to different phonological<br />characteristics pertaining to the Nalbaria dialect and the standard Assamese variety:<br />‗segmental and syllable structure and stress pattern‘, ‗differences in vowels and<br />consonantal segments and respective consequences in processes‘ and ‗vowel<br />harmony‘, all of which will be discussed and analyzed in the following chapters<br />separately. Accommodating all the rules with feature theory and within generative<br />framework, I will be trying to attain maximum generality and simplicity which is an<br />essential desideratum of phonological study of linguistic pattern.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33372663" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c0ff460100564dba4e554c50e92025d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53429390,"asset_id":33372663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53429390/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="541559" href="https://tezu.academia.edu/BipashaPatgiri">Bipasha Patgiri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="541559" type="text/json">{"id":541559,"first_name":"Bipasha","last_name":"Patgiri","domain_name":"tezu","page_name":"BipashaPatgiri","display_name":"Bipasha Patgiri","profile_url":"https://tezu.academia.edu/BipashaPatgiri?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/541559/534107/17188365/s65_bipasha.patgiri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33372663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33372663"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33372663, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33372663", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33372663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33372663; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33372663"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33372663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33372663"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33372663; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33372663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33372663").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33372663").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33372663"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology">Dialectology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2167" type="text/json">{"id":2167,"name":"Dialectology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33372663]'), work: {"id":33372663,"title":"A COMPARATIVE PHONOLOGICAL STUDY OF TWO VARIETIES OF THE ASSAMESE LANGUAGE","created_at":"2017-06-07T22:18:13.031-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33372663/A_COMPARATIVE_PHONOLOGICAL_STUDY_OF_TWO_VARIETIES_OF_THE_ASSAMESE_LANGUAGE?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_33372663","summary":"This dissertation investigates four issues related to different phonological\ncharacteristics pertaining to the Nalbaria dialect and the standard Assamese variety:\n‗segmental and syllable structure and stress pattern‘, ‗differences in vowels and\nconsonantal segments and respective consequences in processes‘ and ‗vowel\nharmony‘, all of which will be discussed and analyzed in the following chapters\nseparately. Accommodating all the rules with feature theory and within generative\nframework, I will be trying to attain maximum generality and simplicity which is an\nessential desideratum of phonological study of linguistic pattern.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53429390,"asset_id":33372663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":541559,"first_name":"Bipasha","last_name":"Patgiri","domain_name":"tezu","page_name":"BipashaPatgiri","display_name":"Bipasha Patgiri","profile_url":"https://tezu.academia.edu/BipashaPatgiri?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/541559/534107/17188365/s65_bipasha.patgiri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2167,"name":"Dialectology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33346150" data-work_id="33346150" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33346150/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BA%E8%AA%9E%E5%BD%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%82%86%E3%82%8C">北海道方言における自発語形のゆれ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">2017/06/11に関西言語学会で発表する予定の論文です。北海道方言で「鍛えささる」や「書かささる」といた自発語形が生じたのは、標準語の使役形が入ってきたことにより接尾辞の異形態を決定する制約ランキングが変わったためだという内容です。上記の自発述語に対応する伝統方言の形式はそれぞれ「鍛えらさる」「書か（ら）さる」です。</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33346150" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b267c04ea2d647e4df26e7dd69dcbf8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53405421,"asset_id":33346150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53405421/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28316158" href="https://rits-dmuch.academia.edu/KanSasaki">Kan Sasaki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28316158" type="text/json">{"id":28316158,"first_name":"Kan","last_name":"Sasaki","domain_name":"rits-dmuch","page_name":"KanSasaki","display_name":"Kan Sasaki","profile_url":"https://rits-dmuch.academia.edu/KanSasaki?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28316158/7998281/8958886/s65_kan.sasaki.jpg_oh_2beeb7bc694da9c0ee336b6e101e3356_oe_55ba66bb___gda___1433595606_2f0d5984d93066c4df1c1a64b5f7d492"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33346150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33346150"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33346150, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33346150", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33346150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33346150; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33346150"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33346150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33346150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33346150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33346150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33346150").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33346150").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33346150"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="242651" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_dialects">Japanese dialects</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="242651" type="text/json">{"id":242651,"name":"Japanese dialects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_dialects?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="683591" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology_and_Morphology">Phonology and Morphology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="683591" type="text/json">{"id":683591,"name":"Phonology and Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology_and_Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33346150]'), work: {"id":33346150,"title":"北海道方言における自発語形のゆれ","created_at":"2017-06-06T04:22:51.430-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33346150/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BA%E8%AA%9E%E5%BD%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%82%86%E3%82%8C?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_33346150","summary":"2017/06/11に関西言語学会で発表する予定の論文です。北海道方言で「鍛えささる」や「書かささる」といた自発語形が生じたのは、標準語の使役形が入ってきたことにより接尾辞の異形態を決定する制約ランキングが変わったためだという内容です。上記の自発述語に対応する伝統方言の形式はそれぞれ「鍛えらさる」「書か（ら）さる」です。","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53405421,"asset_id":33346150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28316158,"first_name":"Kan","last_name":"Sasaki","domain_name":"rits-dmuch","page_name":"KanSasaki","display_name":"Kan Sasaki","profile_url":"https://rits-dmuch.academia.edu/KanSasaki?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28316158/7998281/8958886/s65_kan.sasaki.jpg_oh_2beeb7bc694da9c0ee336b6e101e3356_oe_55ba66bb___gda___1433595606_2f0d5984d93066c4df1c1a64b5f7d492"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":242651,"name":"Japanese dialects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_dialects?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":683591,"name":"Phonology and Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology_and_Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2204849" data-work_id="2204849" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2204849/_A_Lesson_in_Optimal_Consciousness_with_Kanye_West_the_College_Dropout_The_Journal_of_Urban_Youth_Culture_5_2_">“A Lesson in Optimal Consciousness with Kanye West, the College Dropout.” The Journal of Urban Youth Culture 5(2).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2204849" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9acb18e386d875c995d6300ee6be1b75" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31179976,"asset_id":2204849,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31179976/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1657826" href="https://buffalostate.academia.edu/CameronKhalfaniHerman">Cameron Khalfani Herman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1657826" 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9058" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition_Policy">Competition Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9058" type="text/json">{"id":9058,"name":"Competition Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition_Policy?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48835195]'), work: {"id":48835195,"title":"Public versus Private Ownership: The Current State of the Debate","created_at":"2021-05-07T12:33:58.251-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48835195/Public_versus_Private_Ownership_The_Current_State_of_the_Debate?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_48835195","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67254381,"asset_id":48835195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47355945,"first_name":"Mary 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_179761" data-work_id="179761" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/179761/Syllable_Structure_of_Bangla_An_Optimality_Theoretic_Approach">Syllable Structure of Bangla: An Optimality-Theoretic Approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Syllable Structure of Bangla: An Optimality-Theoretic Approach is a three part study designed to provide the student/readers with a better understanding about the structure of Bangla syllables in terms of phonology and morphology. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_179761" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Syllable Structure of Bangla: An Optimality-Theoretic Approach is a three part study designed to provide the student/readers with a better understanding about the structure of Bangla syllables in terms of phonology and morphology. The book is divided into twelve chapters with each chapter focusing on one particular area of the study. <br /> <br />The first part of this three part study focuses on the frequency of occurrences of different consonant clusters in Bangla. It argues that these clusters are best described with the help of the Bangla lexicon into three strata that include native Bangla words (NB) as well as Sanskrit borrowings (SB) and the other borrowings (OB). This part of the study focuses on the analysis of these syllabic structures in Bangla with the help of the Optimality Theory (OT). <br /> <br />The second part of the study focuses on a morphological analysis of the standard verbal inflectional paradigms of Bangla in the framework of Distributed Morphology (DM). This includes categories of tense/mood, levels of politeness and persons. This analysis is then compared with the English verbal inflectional morphology. In a later stage, Kar picks up the Optimality Theory from where he left it at the first part and applies it to analyze the outcomes of the morphological analysis in DM and following phonological changes on them."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/179761" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b7312cec2700f3aab500b45492afe582" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1918838,"asset_id":179761,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1918838/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18506" href="https://iitrpr.academia.edu/SomdevKar">Somdev Kar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18506" type="text/json">{"id":18506,"first_name":"Somdev","last_name":"Kar","domain_name":"iitrpr","page_name":"SomdevKar","display_name":"Somdev Kar","profile_url":"https://iitrpr.academia.edu/SomdevKar?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18506/6232/18160996/s65_somdev.kar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_179761 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="179761"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 179761, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_179761", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=179761]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_179761").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_179761").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="179761"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2139" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics">Phonetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2139" type="text/json">{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology">Morphology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10866" type="text/json">{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=179761]'), work: {"id":179761,"title":"Syllable Structure of Bangla: An Optimality-Theoretic Approach","created_at":"2009-05-08T15:29:22.441-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/179761/Syllable_Structure_of_Bangla_An_Optimality_Theoretic_Approach?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_179761","summary":"\"Syllable Structure of Bangla: An Optimality-Theoretic Approach is a three part study designed to provide the student/readers with a better understanding about the structure of Bangla syllables in terms of phonology and morphology. The book is divided into twelve chapters with each chapter focusing on one particular area of the study.\r\n\r\nThe first part of this three part study focuses on the frequency of occurrences of different consonant clusters in Bangla. It argues that these clusters are best described with the help of the Bangla lexicon into three strata that include native Bangla words (NB) as well as Sanskrit borrowings (SB) and the other borrowings (OB). This part of the study focuses on the analysis of these syllabic structures in Bangla with the help of the Optimality Theory (OT).\r\n\r\nThe second part of the study focuses on a morphological analysis of the standard verbal inflectional paradigms of Bangla in the framework of Distributed Morphology (DM). This includes categories of tense/mood, levels of politeness and persons. This analysis is then compared with the English verbal inflectional morphology. In a later stage, Kar picks up the Optimality Theory from where he left it at the first part and applies it to analyze the outcomes of the morphological analysis in DM and following phonological changes on them.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1918838,"asset_id":179761,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18506,"first_name":"Somdev","last_name":"Kar","domain_name":"iitrpr","page_name":"SomdevKar","display_name":"Somdev Kar","profile_url":"https://iitrpr.academia.edu/SomdevKar?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18506/6232/18160996/s65_somdev.kar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618"},{"id":51384,"name":"Distributed Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Morphology?f_ri=16618"},{"id":116870,"name":"Bengali","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bengali?f_ri=16618"},{"id":144922,"name":"Syllable Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syllable_Structure?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2235789" data-work_id="2235789" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2235789/Code_switching_constraints_and_optimal_grammars">Code-switching, constraints, and optimal grammars</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2235789" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9ba80b77ae10b11142aefc2ceff1cbf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50701837,"asset_id":2235789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50701837/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2299860" href="https://illinois.academia.edu/RakeshBhatt">Rakesh Bhatt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2299860" type="text/json">{"id":2299860,"first_name":"Rakesh","last_name":"Bhatt","domain_name":"illinois","page_name":"RakeshBhatt","display_name":"Rakesh Bhatt","profile_url":"https://illinois.academia.edu/RakeshBhatt?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2299860/729167/905429/s65_rakesh.bhatt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2235789 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2235789"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2235789, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2235789", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2235789]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2235789").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2235789").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2235789"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6671" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syntax">Syntax</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6671" type="text/json">{"id":6671,"name":"Syntax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syntax?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics">Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15674" type="text/json">{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2235789]'), work: {"id":2235789,"title":"Code-switching, constraints, and optimal grammars","created_at":"2012-12-03T12:03:11.742-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2235789/Code_switching_constraints_and_optimal_grammars?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_2235789","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50701837,"asset_id":2235789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2299860,"first_name":"Rakesh","last_name":"Bhatt","domain_name":"illinois","page_name":"RakeshBhatt","display_name":"Rakesh Bhatt","profile_url":"https://illinois.academia.edu/RakeshBhatt?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2299860/729167/905429/s65_rakesh.bhatt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":6671,"name":"Syntax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syntax?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":37999,"name":"Hindi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindi?f_ri=16618"},{"id":95162,"name":"Grammar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grammar?f_ri=16618"},{"id":144135,"name":"Linguistic universals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_universals?f_ri=16618"},{"id":521876,"name":"Lingua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lingua?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34133466" data-work_id="34133466" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34133466/Rethinking_the_Core_Periphery_Model_Evidence_from_Japanese_and_English">Rethinking the Core-Periphery Model: Evidence from Japanese and English</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The two main accounts of lexical exceptions to phonological generalizations are 1) indexing exceptions to phonological processes and 2) directly encoding them in the lexicon (Guy 2007). The fi rst approach is taken by It^o and Mester... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34133466" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The two main accounts of lexical exceptions to phonological generalizations are 1) indexing exceptions to phonological processes and 2) directly encoding them in the lexicon (Guy 2007). The first approach is taken by It^o and Mester (1999, henceforth I&M) in their Core-Periphery (CP) model of OT, which groups lexical items of similar age/origin into hierarchical strata characterized by dierent rankings of Faith. However, based on historical data from Japanese and English, I show that lexically encoding the results of earlier phonological processes no longer active in the language avoids the multiple parallel synchronic phonologies required by indexing models, while capturing more generalizations about phonological change.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34133466" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b06808b7a3a1459757c9560f62cf093" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54060088,"asset_id":34133466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54060088/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4971725" href="https://concordia.academia.edu/RyanWindhearn">Ryan Windhearn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4971725" type="text/json">{"id":4971725,"first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Windhearn","domain_name":"concordia","page_name":"RyanWindhearn","display_name":"Ryan Windhearn","profile_url":"https://concordia.academia.edu/RyanWindhearn?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4971725/5880290/74858166/s65_ryan.windhearn.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34133466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34133466"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34133466, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34133466", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34133466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34133466; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34133466"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34133466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34133466"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34133466; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34133466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34133466").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34133466").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34133466"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Linguistics">Japanese Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2389" type="text/json">{"id":2389,"name":"Japanese Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_historical_linguistics">English historical linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15868" type="text/json">{"id":15868,"name":"English historical linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_historical_linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34133466]'), work: {"id":34133466,"title":"Rethinking the Core-Periphery Model: Evidence from Japanese and English","created_at":"2017-08-04T12:20:50.335-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34133466/Rethinking_the_Core_Periphery_Model_Evidence_from_Japanese_and_English?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_34133466","summary":"The two main accounts of lexical exceptions to phonological generalizations are 1) indexing exceptions to phonological processes and 2) directly encoding them in the lexicon (Guy 2007). The fi\frst approach is taken by It^o and Mester (1999, henceforth I\u0026M) in their Core-Periphery (CP) model of OT, which groups lexical items of similar age/origin into hierarchical strata characterized by di\u000berent rankings of Faith. However, based on historical data from Japanese and English, I show that lexically encoding the results of earlier phonological processes no longer active in the language avoids the multiple parallel synchronic phonologies required by indexing models, while capturing more generalizations about phonological change.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54060088,"asset_id":34133466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4971725,"first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Windhearn","domain_name":"concordia","page_name":"RyanWindhearn","display_name":"Ryan Windhearn","profile_url":"https://concordia.academia.edu/RyanWindhearn?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4971725/5880290/74858166/s65_ryan.windhearn.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2389,"name":"Japanese Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":15868,"name":"English historical linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_historical_linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28711331" data-work_id="28711331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28711331/The_Morphophonology_of_Tashlhit_Agentive_Nouns_2012_">The Morphophonology of Tashlhit Agentive Nouns (2012)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28711331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30204c96f4c3d524a06a4ad606ea1bbc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49113432,"asset_id":28711331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49113432/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53847601" href="https://um5ac.academia.edu/KarimBensoukas">Karim Bensoukas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53847601" type="text/json">{"id":53847601,"first_name":"Karim","last_name":"Bensoukas","domain_name":"um5ac","page_name":"KarimBensoukas","display_name":"Karim Bensoukas","profile_url":"https://um5ac.academia.edu/KarimBensoukas?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53847601/14241364/15204697/s65_karim.bensoukas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28711331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28711331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28711331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28711331", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28711331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28711331").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28711331").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28711331"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology">Morphology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10866" type="text/json">{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="956261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Augmentation">Augmentation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="956261" type="text/json">{"id":956261,"name":"Augmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Augmentation?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2535835" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tashlhit_agentive_nouns">Tashlhit agentive nouns</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2535835" type="text/json">{"id":2535835,"name":"Tashlhit agentive nouns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tashlhit_agentive_nouns?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28711331]'), work: {"id":28711331,"title":"The Morphophonology of Tashlhit Agentive Nouns (2012)","created_at":"2016-09-25T14:22:04.301-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28711331/The_Morphophonology_of_Tashlhit_Agentive_Nouns_2012_?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_28711331","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49113432,"asset_id":28711331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53847601,"first_name":"Karim","last_name":"Bensoukas","domain_name":"um5ac","page_name":"KarimBensoukas","display_name":"Karim Bensoukas","profile_url":"https://um5ac.academia.edu/KarimBensoukas?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53847601/14241364/15204697/s65_karim.bensoukas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":956261,"name":"Augmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Augmentation?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2535835,"name":"Tashlhit agentive nouns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tashlhit_agentive_nouns?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2535836,"name":"Labial Dissimilation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labial_Dissimilation?f_ri=16618"},{"id":2535837,"name":"Vowel Copying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vowel_Copying?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7095836" data-work_id="7095836" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7095836/On_the_Syllabificaion_of_Prevocalic_w_in_Judeo_Spanish">On the Syllabificaion of Prevocalic /w/ in Judeo-Spanish</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Spanish prevocalic glides belong to the syllable nucleus except when no less sonorous segment is available to serve as onset (Harris 1983, Harris & Kaisse 1999, Hualde 1989, 1991). Phonological innovations in a particular group of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7095836" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spanish prevocalic glides belong to the syllable nucleus except when no less sonorous segment is available to serve as onset (Harris 1983, Harris & Kaisse 1999, Hualde 1989, 1991). Phonological innovations in a particular group of Judeo-Spanish dialects point to a novel generalization regarding the labiovelar glide, namely that /w/ is realized as secondary labialization on a preceding consonant. Evidence supporting this structural innovation comes from an asymmetry in the distribution of labialization. In these dialects, prevocalic /w/ strengthens to a labialized dorsal obstruent in syllable-initial position (ɡʷéso ‘bone’) but is realized as a secondary articulation on a preceding labial (pʷéðe ‘can’) or dorsal (kʷé.ðɾa ‘rope’). Labialized coronals are disallowed and show several historical reflexes depending on the coronal’s manner of articulation: nasal place assimilation (nwe>mʷe), medial vowel epenthesis (twe>tuɣʷe), and prothesis (swe>esʍʷe). These innovations are analyzed in Optimality Theory in terms of interacting markedness and faithfulness constraints. The proposed account has implications for the issue of possible repair strategies, a.k.a. the “too-many-solutions” problem.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7095836" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76768f2df26d4964efb0994c14e059b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33740810,"asset_id":7095836,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33740810/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8774974" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/TravisBradley">Travis G Bradley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8774974" type="text/json">{"id":8774974,"first_name":"Travis","last_name":"Bradley","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"TravisBradley","display_name":"Travis G Bradley","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/TravisBradley?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8774974/2899975/94035730/s65_travis_g..bradley.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7095836 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7095836"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7095836, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7095836", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7095836]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7095836").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7095836").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7095836"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60338" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology">Phonetics and Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60338" type="text/json">{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="316032" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ladino_Judeo-Spanish_Language_and_Literature">Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) Language and Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="316032" type="text/json">{"id":316032,"name":"Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ladino_Judeo-Spanish_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7095836]'), work: {"id":7095836,"title":"On the Syllabificaion of Prevocalic /w/ in Judeo-Spanish","created_at":"2014-05-19T16:57:57.666-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7095836/On_the_Syllabificaion_of_Prevocalic_w_in_Judeo_Spanish?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_7095836","summary":"Spanish prevocalic glides belong to the syllable nucleus except when no less sonorous segment is available to serve as onset (Harris 1983, Harris \u0026 Kaisse 1999, Hualde 1989, 1991). Phonological innovations in a particular group of Judeo-Spanish dialects point to a novel generalization regarding the labiovelar glide, namely that /w/ is realized as secondary labialization on a preceding consonant. Evidence supporting this structural innovation comes from an asymmetry in the distribution of labialization. In these dialects, prevocalic /w/ strengthens to a labialized dorsal obstruent in syllable-initial position (ɡʷéso ‘bone’) but is realized as a secondary articulation on a preceding labial (pʷéðe ‘can’) or dorsal (kʷé.ðɾa ‘rope’). Labialized coronals are disallowed and show several historical reflexes depending on the coronal’s manner of articulation: nasal place assimilation (nwe\u003emʷe), medial vowel epenthesis (twe\u003etuɣʷe), and prothesis (swe\u003eesʍʷe). These innovations are analyzed in Optimality Theory in terms of interacting markedness and faithfulness constraints. The proposed account has implications for the issue of possible repair strategies, a.k.a. the “too-many-solutions” problem. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33740810,"asset_id":7095836,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8774974,"first_name":"Travis","last_name":"Bradley","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"TravisBradley","display_name":"Travis G Bradley","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/TravisBradley?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8774974/2899975/94035730/s65_travis_g..bradley.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":316032,"name":"Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ladino_Judeo-Spanish_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40894210" data-work_id="40894210" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40894210/The_Traditional_Market_and_the_Sustainability_Market_Is_the_Perfect_Market_Sustainable">The Traditional Market and the Sustainability Market: Is the Perfect Market Sustainable?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The central question addressed in this paper is "Is the Perfect Market Sustainable?". It is shown by means of a simple desirable market model that the perfect market is not sustainable because it is based on maximization... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40894210" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The central question addressed in this paper is "Is the Perfect Market Sustainable?".  It is shown by means of a simple desirable market model that the perfect market is not sustainable because it is based on maximization principles(production, consumption, and market price). This desirable framework is also used to describe the characteristics of other possible types of traditional markets. Besides the above, it is shown by means of a simple optimal market model that only the perfect sustainability market is sustainable because it is driven by optimal forces(production, consumption, and market price). The optimal market structure is also used to describe the characteristics of other possible types of sustainability markets. Finally, some very important conclusions are provided.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40894210" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d986b8dd3acd6efd10ebf3c245bae2c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61180761,"asset_id":40894210,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61180761/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="119975697" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucioMunoz">Lucio Muñoz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="119975697" type="text/json">{"id":119975697,"first_name":"Lucio","last_name":"Muñoz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucioMunoz","display_name":"Lucio Muñoz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucioMunoz?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/119975697/29750379/77830840/s65_lucio.mu_oz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40894210 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40894210"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40894210, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40894210", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40894210]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40894210").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40894210").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40894210"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adam_Smith">Adam Smith</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18681" type="text/json">{"id":18681,"name":"Adam Smith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adam_Smith?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="149349" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_demand">Market demand</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="149349" type="text/json">{"id":149349,"name":"Market demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_demand?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40894210]'), work: {"id":40894210,"title":"The Traditional Market and the Sustainability Market: Is the Perfect Market Sustainable?","created_at":"2019-11-10T19:58:27.725-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40894210/The_Traditional_Market_and_the_Sustainability_Market_Is_the_Perfect_Market_Sustainable?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_40894210","summary":"The central question addressed in this paper is \"Is the Perfect Market Sustainable?\". It is shown by means of a simple desirable market model that the perfect market is not sustainable because it is based on maximization principles(production, consumption, and market price). This desirable framework is also used to describe the characteristics of other possible types of traditional markets. Besides the above, it is shown by means of a simple optimal market model that only the perfect sustainability market is sustainable because it is driven by optimal forces(production, consumption, and market price). The optimal market structure is also used to describe the characteristics of other possible types of sustainability markets. Finally, some very important conclusions are provided.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61180761,"asset_id":40894210,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":119975697,"first_name":"Lucio","last_name":"Muñoz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucioMunoz","display_name":"Lucio Muñoz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucioMunoz?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/119975697/29750379/77830840/s65_lucio.mu_oz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":18681,"name":"Adam Smith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adam_Smith?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":149349,"name":"Market demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_demand?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":759817,"name":"Traditional Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Markets?f_ri=16618"},{"id":1187556,"name":"Supply and Demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supply_and_Demand?f_ri=16618"},{"id":1208617,"name":"Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainability?f_ri=16618"},{"id":1888135,"name":"Market Supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_Supply?f_ri=16618"},{"id":2418685,"name":"Theory of the Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_the_Market?f_ri=16618"},{"id":3120483,"name":"Traditional market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_market?f_ri=16618"},{"id":3443877,"name":"sustainability market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/sustainability_market?f_ri=16618"},{"id":3443878,"name":"market theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/market_theory?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32952415" data-work_id="32952415" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32952415/Punjabi_nuN_and_Urdu_ko_A_Morpho_Semantic_Analysis">Punjabi nuN and Urdu ko: A Morpho- Semantic Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Urdu and Punjabi case markers are important to create a syntactic configuration, and they play a vital role in portraying their semantics. In different contexts, they expose different semantics. Urdu ko is equivalent to Punjabi nuN and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32952415" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Urdu and Punjabi case markers are important to create a syntactic configuration, and they play a vital role in portraying their semantics. In different contexts, they expose different semantics. Urdu ko is equivalent to Punjabi nuN and they mostly perform the same function in both languages. Data are taken from Punjabi and Urdu speakers. Punjabi nuN, like Urdu ko, reveals a contrasting semantics in active and passive sentences, because it can be used as dative and accusative. Dative nuN and accusative nuN being different case markers show distinctive functions, they sometimes show semantic ambiguity in the active and passive construction in the same sentence. This the inanimate object takes accusative case marker [ko] only because of demonstrative is against them. However, it approves their findings for the ambiguous role of Urdu ko in active and passive sentences by bringing the same results for Punjabi nuN.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32952415" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="71e780068b9f85534fd9ba78b41ec86a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53081488,"asset_id":32952415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53081488/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3650135" href="https://universityofgujrat.academia.edu/MubashirIqbal">Mubashir Iqbal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3650135" type="text/json">{"id":3650135,"first_name":"Mubashir","last_name":"Iqbal","domain_name":"universityofgujrat","page_name":"MubashirIqbal","display_name":"Mubashir Iqbal","profile_url":"https://universityofgujrat.academia.edu/MubashirIqbal?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3650135/2324807/57008320/s65_mubashir.chaudhary.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32952415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32952415"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32952415, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32952415", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32952415]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32952415").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32952415").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32952415"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6671" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syntax">Syntax</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6671" type="text/json">{"id":6671,"name":"Syntax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syntax?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology">Morphology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10866" type="text/json">{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32952415]'), work: {"id":32952415,"title":"Punjabi nuN and Urdu ko: A Morpho- Semantic Analysis","created_at":"2017-05-11T03:59:12.882-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32952415/Punjabi_nuN_and_Urdu_ko_A_Morpho_Semantic_Analysis?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_32952415","summary":"Urdu and Punjabi case markers are important to create a syntactic configuration, and they play a vital role in portraying their semantics. In different contexts, they expose different semantics. Urdu ko is equivalent to Punjabi nuN and they mostly perform the same function in both languages. Data are taken from Punjabi and Urdu speakers. Punjabi nuN, like Urdu ko, reveals a contrasting semantics in active and passive sentences, because it can be used as dative and accusative. Dative nuN and accusative nuN being different case markers show distinctive functions, they sometimes show semantic ambiguity in the active and passive construction in the same sentence. This the inanimate object takes accusative case marker [ko] only because of demonstrative is against them. However, it approves their findings for the ambiguous role of Urdu ko in active and passive sentences by bringing the same results for Punjabi nuN.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53081488,"asset_id":32952415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3650135,"first_name":"Mubashir","last_name":"Iqbal","domain_name":"universityofgujrat","page_name":"MubashirIqbal","display_name":"Mubashir Iqbal","profile_url":"https://universityofgujrat.academia.edu/MubashirIqbal?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3650135/2324807/57008320/s65_mubashir.chaudhary.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":6671,"name":"Syntax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syntax?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":19233,"name":"Morpho-semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morpho-semantics?f_ri=16618"},{"id":787763,"name":"Word and Paradigm Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Word_and_Paradigm_Morphology?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35134123" data-work_id="35134123" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35134123/LEKSIONE_P%C3%8BR_MATEMATIK%C3%8BN_E_ZBATUAR_P%C3%ABr_Student%C3%ABt_e_Ekonomikut_">LEKSIONE PËR MATEMATIKËN E ZBATUAR (Për Studentët e Ekonomikut)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Programimi Linear(PL) është një degë e matematikës që lidhet me zgjidhjen e një morie problemash praktike: posacërisht me gjetjen e zgjidhjeve optimale të tyre. Raste speciale të problemave të tilla janë problemat me rrjedhje në një rrjet... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35134123" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Programimi Linear(PL) është një degë e matematikës që lidhet me zgjidhjen e një morie problemash praktike: posacërisht me gjetjen e zgjidhjeve optimale të tyre. Raste speciale të problemave të tilla janë problemat me rrjedhje në një rrjet dhe ato të fushave ekonomike (për planifikime optimale të prodhimit apo për shpërndarje optimale të produkteve). PL është e lidhur ngushtësisht edhe me sajimin e algoritmeve të shpejtë dhe sa më efektivë si dhe të programeve kompjuterike përkatës që përdoren për zgjidhjen e problemave PL. Si rezultat i përpjekjeve të bëra për këto algoritme ka lindur dega e vecante e matematikës: teoria e optimizimit e cila përfshin dualitetin, dekompozimin, konveksitetin dhe përgjithësimet e tyre. Idea e përgjithshme e probemave nga fusha ekonomike është maksimizimi i fitimit dhe minimizimi i kostove në mjedisin material me burime të kufizuara.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35134123" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8de3ccf278154c0ff083f4d53edda67c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54995445,"asset_id":35134123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54995445/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8412864" href="https://facultynaturalsciencesmathematics.academia.edu/PellumbKllogjeri">Pellumb Kllogjeri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8412864" type="text/json">{"id":8412864,"first_name":"Pellumb","last_name":"Kllogjeri","domain_name":"facultynaturalsciencesmathematics","page_name":"PellumbKllogjeri","display_name":"Pellumb Kllogjeri","profile_url":"https://facultynaturalsciencesmathematics.academia.edu/PellumbKllogjeri?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8412864/2849929/3327831/s65_pellumb.kllogjeri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35134123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35134123"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35134123, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35134123", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35134123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35134123; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35134123"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35134123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35134123"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35134123; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35134123]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35134123").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35134123").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35134123"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="748" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics">Financial Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="748" type="text/json">{"id":748,"name":"Financial Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_Mathematics_">Optimization (Mathematics)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3853" type="text/json">{"id":3853,"name":"Optimization (Mathematics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_Mathematics_?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35134123]'), work: {"id":35134123,"title":"LEKSIONE PËR MATEMATIKËN E ZBATUAR (Për Studentët e Ekonomikut)","created_at":"2017-11-13T07:15:59.698-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35134123/LEKSIONE_P%C3%8BR_MATEMATIK%C3%8BN_E_ZBATUAR_P%C3%ABr_Student%C3%ABt_e_Ekonomikut_?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_35134123","summary":"Programimi Linear(PL) është një degë e matematikës që lidhet me zgjidhjen e një morie problemash praktike: posacërisht me gjetjen e zgjidhjeve optimale të tyre. Raste speciale të problemave të tilla janë problemat me rrjedhje në një rrjet dhe ato të fushave ekonomike (për planifikime optimale të prodhimit apo për shpërndarje optimale të produkteve). PL është e lidhur ngushtësisht edhe me sajimin e algoritmeve të shpejtë dhe sa më efektivë si dhe të programeve kompjuterike përkatës që përdoren për zgjidhjen e problemave PL. Si rezultat i përpjekjeve të bëra për këto algoritme ka lindur dega e vecante e matematikës: teoria e optimizimit e cila përfshin dualitetin, dekompozimin, konveksitetin dhe përgjithësimet e tyre. Idea e përgjithshme e probemave nga fusha ekonomike është maksimizimi i fitimit dhe minimizimi i kostove në mjedisin material me burime të kufizuara.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54995445,"asset_id":35134123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8412864,"first_name":"Pellumb","last_name":"Kllogjeri","domain_name":"facultynaturalsciencesmathematics","page_name":"PellumbKllogjeri","display_name":"Pellumb Kllogjeri","profile_url":"https://facultynaturalsciencesmathematics.academia.edu/PellumbKllogjeri?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8412864/2849929/3327831/s65_pellumb.kllogjeri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":748,"name":"Financial Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":3853,"name":"Optimization (Mathematics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_Mathematics_?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":10924,"name":"Optimization techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_techniques?f_ri=16618"},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618"},{"id":40835,"name":"Flow Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Theory?f_ri=16618"},{"id":175519,"name":"Traffic Flow Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traffic_Flow_Theory?f_ri=16618"},{"id":202539,"name":"Optimal Power Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimal_Power_Flow?f_ri=16618"},{"id":685842,"name":"Optimal Capacitor Placement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimal_Capacitor_Placement?f_ri=16618"},{"id":1343751,"name":"Metodo Simplex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metodo_Simplex?f_ri=16618"},{"id":1357940,"name":"Efficient Simplex Type Solution Algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficient_Simplex_Type_Solution_Algorithm?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53536682" data-work_id="53536682" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53536682/Word_Final_Vowel_Epenthesis_in_Italian_Loanword_Adaptation">Word-Final Vowel Epenthesis in Italian Loanword Adaptation.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">An OT account of word-final vowel epenthesis in the Roman variety of standard Italian.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53536682" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96beec1af1af5ca9982b0f30b1522205" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70334409,"asset_id":53536682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70334409/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9117065" href="https://uksw.academia.edu/OlgaBronis">Olga Bronis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9117065" type="text/json">{"id":9117065,"first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Bronis","domain_name":"uksw","page_name":"OlgaBronis","display_name":"Olga Bronis","profile_url":"https://uksw.academia.edu/OlgaBronis?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9117065/2951801/154094877/s65_olga.bronis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53536682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53536682"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53536682, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53536682", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53536682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53536682; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53536682"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53536682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53536682"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53536682; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53536682]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53536682").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53536682").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53536682"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60338" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology">Phonetics and Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60338" type="text/json">{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94578" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Linguistics">Italian Linguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="94578" type="text/json">{"id":94578,"name":"Italian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53536682]'), work: {"id":53536682,"title":"Word-Final Vowel Epenthesis in Italian Loanword Adaptation.","created_at":"2021-09-27T09:18:16.423-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53536682/Word_Final_Vowel_Epenthesis_in_Italian_Loanword_Adaptation?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_53536682","summary":"An OT account of word-final vowel epenthesis in the Roman variety of standard Italian.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70334409,"asset_id":53536682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9117065,"first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Bronis","domain_name":"uksw","page_name":"OlgaBronis","display_name":"Olga Bronis","profile_url":"https://uksw.academia.edu/OlgaBronis?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9117065/2951801/154094877/s65_olga.bronis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":94578,"name":"Italian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":238860,"name":"Epenthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epenthesis?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33075389" data-work_id="33075389" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33075389/The_Emergence_of_the_Unmarked_in_Standard_Malay_Partial_Reduplication">The Emergence of the Unmarked in Standard Malay Partial Reduplication</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper analyses the process of partial reduplication in standard Malay. It has widely been claimed by previous Malay scholars that partial reduplication is a process of copying the initial syllable of the base. This paper argues that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33075389" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper analyses the process of partial reduplication in standard Malay. It has widely been claimed by previous Malay scholars that partial reduplication is a process of copying the initial syllable of the base. This paper argues that copying the initial syllable of the base is not actually how the reduplicative morpheme is copied. Based on the previous data from Farid (1980), Asmah (1981) and Zaharani (2000), this paper claims that partial reduplication is a process of copying the first onset in the initial syllable of the base, while the vowel is a reduced vowel [ə], whatever the vowel of the base is. Thus, the size of the reduplicative morpheme is a light syllable. The reduced vowel [ə] and the CV reduplicative morpheme emerge in SM partial reduplication can be accounted for by proposing the idea of the emergence of the unmarked, which is developed within Optimality theory (Prince & Smolensky, 1993).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33075389" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0edf46a4ccb254e0ddaf438cfbd8aba0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53178065,"asset_id":33075389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53178065/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50995621" href="https://ukm-my.academia.edu/sharifahraihansyedjaafar">sharifah raihan syed jaafar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50995621" type="text/json">{"id":50995621,"first_name":"sharifah raihan","last_name":"syed jaafar","domain_name":"ukm-my","page_name":"sharifahraihansyedjaafar","display_name":"sharifah raihan syed jaafar","profile_url":"https://ukm-my.academia.edu/sharifahraihansyedjaafar?f_ri=16618","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33075389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33075389"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33075389, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33075389", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33075389]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33075389").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33075389").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33075389"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology">Morphology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10866" type="text/json">{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reduplication">Reduplication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55987" type="text/json">{"id":55987,"name":"Reduplication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reduplication?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33075389]'), work: {"id":33075389,"title":"The Emergence of the Unmarked in Standard Malay Partial Reduplication","created_at":"2017-05-18T06:26:21.823-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33075389/The_Emergence_of_the_Unmarked_in_Standard_Malay_Partial_Reduplication?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_33075389","summary":"This paper analyses the process of partial reduplication in standard Malay. It has widely been claimed by previous Malay scholars that partial reduplication is a process of copying the initial syllable of the base. This paper argues that copying the initial syllable of the base is not actually how the reduplicative morpheme is copied. Based on the previous data from Farid (1980), Asmah (1981) and Zaharani (2000), this paper claims that partial reduplication is a process of copying the first onset in the initial syllable of the base, while the vowel is a reduced vowel [ə], whatever the vowel of the base is. Thus, the size of the reduplicative morpheme is a light syllable. The reduced vowel [ə] and the CV reduplicative morpheme emerge in SM partial reduplication can be accounted for by proposing the idea of the emergence of the unmarked, which is developed within Optimality theory (Prince \u0026 Smolensky, 1993).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53178065,"asset_id":33075389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50995621,"first_name":"sharifah raihan","last_name":"syed jaafar","domain_name":"ukm-my","page_name":"sharifahraihansyedjaafar","display_name":"sharifah raihan syed jaafar","profile_url":"https://ukm-my.academia.edu/sharifahraihansyedjaafar?f_ri=16618","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":55987,"name":"Reduplication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reduplication?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":521342,"name":"Malay Dialect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malay_Dialect?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23378238" data-work_id="23378238" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23378238/Phonological_Phrases_in_Kikuyu">Phonological Phrases in Kikuyu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines two different floating L tones (L) in Kikuyu (Bantu E51): A lexical L and a phrasal L which appears in assertive utterances. Based on previous studies, this paper proposes a unified analysis of the domain of the two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23378238" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines two different floating L tones (L) in Kikuyu (Bantu E51): A lexical L and a phrasal L which appears in assertive utterances. Based on previous studies, this paper proposes a unified analysis of the domain of the two floating L tones within the syntax-phonology interface. The main claim is that they attest different strategies to trigger downstep at the right edge of a phonological phrase while no downstep is triggered internally of this domain. New data and different configurations with nominal modifying adjectives is discussed with the outcome that adjectives which follow other modifiers phrase alone. This is conform with the proposed analysis when taking the syntax of adjectives in Kikuyu into consideration.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23378238" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a2f9b8a1e599441246763179a76748c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44204267,"asset_id":23378238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44204267/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2736589" href="https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/SiriGjersoe">Siri Gjersoe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2736589" type="text/json">{"id":2736589,"first_name":"Siri","last_name":"Gjersoe","domain_name":"uni-leipzig","page_name":"SiriGjersoe","display_name":"Siri Gjersoe","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/SiriGjersoe?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2736589/884901/5788320/s65_siri.gjersoe.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23378238 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23378238"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23378238, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23378238", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23378238]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23378238").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23378238").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23378238"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78209" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosody_and_Tones_of_Languages">Prosody and Tones of Languages</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="78209" type="text/json">{"id":78209,"name":"Prosody and Tones of Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosody_and_Tones_of_Languages?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23378238]'), work: {"id":23378238,"title":"Phonological Phrases in Kikuyu","created_at":"2016-03-17T11:48:05.295-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23378238/Phonological_Phrases_in_Kikuyu?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_23378238","summary":"This study examines two different floating L tones (L) in Kikuyu (Bantu E51): A lexical L and a phrasal L which appears in assertive utterances. Based on previous studies, this paper proposes a unified analysis of the domain of the two floating L tones within the syntax-phonology interface. The main claim is that they attest different strategies to trigger downstep at the right edge of a phonological phrase while no downstep is triggered internally of this domain. New data and different configurations with nominal modifying adjectives is discussed with the outcome that adjectives which follow other modifiers phrase alone. This is conform with the proposed analysis when taking the syntax of adjectives in Kikuyu into consideration.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44204267,"asset_id":23378238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2736589,"first_name":"Siri","last_name":"Gjersoe","domain_name":"uni-leipzig","page_name":"SiriGjersoe","display_name":"Siri Gjersoe","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/SiriGjersoe?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2736589/884901/5788320/s65_siri.gjersoe.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":78209,"name":"Prosody and Tones of Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosody_and_Tones_of_Languages?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20985719" data-work_id="20985719" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20985719/Substitution_of_dental_fricatives_in_English_by_Dutch_L2_speakers">Substitution of dental fricatives in English by Dutch L2 speakers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20985719" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07996c5221dd851059aa884d094d8f33" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41658320,"asset_id":20985719,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41658320/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42229173" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DickyGilbers">Dicky Gilbers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42229173" type="text/json">{"id":42229173,"first_name":"Dicky","last_name":"Gilbers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DickyGilbers","display_name":"Dicky Gilbers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DickyGilbers?f_ri=16618","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20985719 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20985719"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20985719, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20985719", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20985719]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20985719").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20985719").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20985719"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1008" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Language_Acquisition">Second Language Acquisition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1008" type="text/json">{"id":1008,"name":"Second Language Acquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Language_Acquisition?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics">Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15674" type="text/json">{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20985719]'), work: {"id":20985719,"title":"Substitution of dental fricatives in English by Dutch L2 speakers","created_at":"2016-01-27T14:21:41.761-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20985719/Substitution_of_dental_fricatives_in_English_by_Dutch_L2_speakers?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_20985719","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41658320,"asset_id":20985719,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42229173,"first_name":"Dicky","last_name":"Gilbers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DickyGilbers","display_name":"Dicky Gilbers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DickyGilbers?f_ri=16618","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":1008,"name":"Second Language Acquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Language_Acquisition?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":121114,"name":"Second Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Language?f_ri=16618"},{"id":143469,"name":"Language sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_sciences?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19302102" data-work_id="19302102" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19302102/Hausa_Kinship_Terminologies_Insights_Into_Culture_and_Cognition">Hausa Kinship Terminologies: Insights Into Culture and Cognition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Kinship classification systems play a critical role in understanding human cognition because of their cross-cultural prevalence and paradigmatic completeness. In place of the historically used componential analysis method, this paper... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19302102" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Kinship classification systems play a critical role in understanding human cognition because of their cross-cultural prevalence and paradigmatic completeness. In place of the historically used componential analysis method, this paper instead utilizes Optimality Theory, which argues that languages share constraints, but apply them differently to choose between linguistic efficiency and accurate communication. To negotiate the rigidity of OT and remember the humanity behind the structure, an extensive analysis of family and social structures among Hausa language speakers was applied to the formal method. The study engages with questions about the extent to which cognitive structures and cultural factors interact in kinship term production and presents evidence for how term use influences thought patterns of Hausa speakers and their conceptions of familial relationships.<br />By applying cultural practice to theory, the model proposes a cognitive framework, particularly malleable to cultural values, that produces kinship terminologies in the Hausa language. Using a variety of ethnographic texts, language learning resources, and the author’s study of the Hausa language, this paper analyzes sets of kinship terms contextually, applying the linguistic and cultural data to Optimality Theory. The model proposed claims that speakers are equipped with a cognitive structure that creates a need for efficient communication and accuracy, resulting in linguistic variation in kinship terminology production when speakers must negotiate with the above constraints. Therefore, Hausa language speakers rank their most valued terminological distinctions based on cognitive constraints and cultural influences in order to produce the kinship terms found in the lexicon.<br /><br />Keywords: kinship, language and cognition, culture</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19302102" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df3c6083eb2e3d6dc2e8eb4c94e71cd5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40544576,"asset_id":19302102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40544576/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27254605" href="https://wayne.academia.edu/GracePappalardo">Grace Pappalardo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27254605" type="text/json">{"id":27254605,"first_name":"Grace","last_name":"Pappalardo","domain_name":"wayne","page_name":"GracePappalardo","display_name":"Grace Pappalardo","profile_url":"https://wayne.academia.edu/GracePappalardo?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27254605/7732923/12146722/s65_grace.pappalardo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19302102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19302102"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19302102, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19302102", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19302102]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19302102").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19302102").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19302102"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2718" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology">Linguistic Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2718" type="text/json">{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5671" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Africa">West Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5671" type="text/json">{"id":5671,"name":"West Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Africa?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Relativity">Linguistic Relativity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5974" type="text/json">{"id":5974,"name":"Linguistic Relativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Relativity?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19302102]'), work: {"id":19302102,"title":"Hausa Kinship Terminologies: Insights Into Culture and Cognition","created_at":"2015-12-01T08:48:14.577-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19302102/Hausa_Kinship_Terminologies_Insights_Into_Culture_and_Cognition?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_19302102","summary":"Kinship classification systems play a critical role in understanding human cognition because of their cross-cultural prevalence and paradigmatic completeness. In place of the historically used componential analysis method, this paper instead utilizes Optimality Theory, which argues that languages share constraints, but apply them differently to choose between linguistic efficiency and accurate communication. To negotiate the rigidity of OT and remember the humanity behind the structure, an extensive analysis of family and social structures among Hausa language speakers was applied to the formal method. The study engages with questions about the extent to which cognitive structures and cultural factors interact in kinship term production and presents evidence for how term use influences thought patterns of Hausa speakers and their conceptions of familial relationships.\nBy applying cultural practice to theory, the model proposes a cognitive framework, particularly malleable to cultural values, that produces kinship terminologies in the Hausa language. Using a variety of ethnographic texts, language learning resources, and the author’s study of the Hausa language, this paper analyzes sets of kinship terms contextually, applying the linguistic and cultural data to Optimality Theory. The model proposed claims that speakers are equipped with a cognitive structure that creates a need for efficient communication and accuracy, resulting in linguistic variation in kinship terminology production when speakers must negotiate with the above constraints. Therefore, Hausa language speakers rank their most valued terminological distinctions based on cognitive constraints and cultural influences in order to produce the kinship terms found in the lexicon.\n\nKeywords: kinship, language and cognition, culture","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40544576,"asset_id":19302102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27254605,"first_name":"Grace","last_name":"Pappalardo","domain_name":"wayne","page_name":"GracePappalardo","display_name":"Grace Pappalardo","profile_url":"https://wayne.academia.edu/GracePappalardo?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27254605/7732923/12146722/s65_grace.pappalardo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":5671,"name":"West Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Africa?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":5974,"name":"Linguistic Relativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Relativity?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":17975,"name":"Cognitive Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Anthropology?f_ri=16618"},{"id":18662,"name":"Hausa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hausa?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31710986" data-work_id="31710986" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31710986/xuj_Reduplication_in_Russian">xuj-Reduplication in Russian</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31710986" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="caa5acbafcc27059986d0e0b7e9ed155" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52024837,"asset_id":31710986,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52024837/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1135649" href="https://uni-erlangen.academia.edu/AlexanderPiperski">Alexander Piperski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1135649" type="text/json">{"id":1135649,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Piperski","domain_name":"uni-erlangen","page_name":"AlexanderPiperski","display_name":"Alexander Piperski","profile_url":"https://uni-erlangen.academia.edu/AlexanderPiperski?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1135649/398508/3346922/s65_alexander.piperski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31710986 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31710986"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31710986, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31710986", }); 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We take this as a starting point and propose that a constraint is active in the grammar of Amazigh that bans schwa from being... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29135747" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It has so often been pointed out that Tamazight and Tarifiyt eschew the occurrence of schwa in open syllables. We take this as a starting point and propose that a constraint is active in the grammar of Amazigh that bans schwa from being associated with a mora. The effects of this constraint are so pervasive in the grammar of the language that further unrelated phonological and morpho-phonological phenomena ensue from it. Schwa never participates in morphological-prosodic weight-sensitive vowel epenthesis, it does not contribute to the weight of closed syllables for stress assignment reasons, nor does it fill a vacant mora in compensatory lengthening.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29135747" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5af38be94659861d427b240b1f868bfa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49581484,"asset_id":29135747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49581484/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53847601" href="https://um5ac.academia.edu/KarimBensoukas">Karim Bensoukas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53847601" type="text/json">{"id":53847601,"first_name":"Karim","last_name":"Bensoukas","domain_name":"um5ac","page_name":"KarimBensoukas","display_name":"Karim Bensoukas","profile_url":"https://um5ac.academia.edu/KarimBensoukas?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53847601/14241364/15204697/s65_karim.bensoukas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29135747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29135747"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29135747, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29135747", }); 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We take this as a starting point and propose that a constraint is active in the grammar of Amazigh that bans schwa from being associated with a mora. The effects of this constraint are so pervasive in the grammar of the language that further unrelated phonological and morpho-phonological phenomena ensue from it. Schwa never participates in morphological-prosodic weight-sensitive vowel epenthesis, it does not contribute to the weight of closed syllables for stress assignment reasons, nor does it fill a vacant mora in compensatory lengthening.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49581484,"asset_id":29135747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53847601,"first_name":"Karim","last_name":"Bensoukas","domain_name":"um5ac","page_name":"KarimBensoukas","display_name":"Karim Bensoukas","profile_url":"https://um5ac.academia.edu/KarimBensoukas?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53847601/14241364/15204697/s65_karim.bensoukas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":144922,"name":"Syllable Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syllable_Structure?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":178649,"name":"Tamazight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tamazight?f_ri=16618"},{"id":238859,"name":"Schwa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schwa?f_ri=16618"},{"id":589725,"name":"Compensatory Lengthening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compensatory_Lengthening?f_ri=16618"},{"id":911504,"name":"Tarifit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tarifit?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6470333" data-work_id="6470333" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6470333/Approaches_to_phonological_opacity_in_Optimality_Theory_Sympathy_and_DOT">Approaches to phonological opacity in Optimality Theory: Sympathy and DOT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6470333" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0825e0470c45737a1dfaa19cdff55b99" rel="nofollow" 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$(".js-percentile-work_28719947"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28719947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28719947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28719947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28719947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28719947").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28719947").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28719947"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages">Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="101" type="text/json">{"id":101,"name":"Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2349" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics">Semantics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2349" type="text/json">{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9729" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress">Stress</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9729" type="text/json">{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28719947]'), work: {"id":28719947,"title":"The prosody of Moroccan Amazigh and Moroccan Arabic: similarities in the phonology of schwa (2012)","created_at":"2016-09-26T03:54:04.723-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28719947/The_prosody_of_Moroccan_Amazigh_and_Moroccan_Arabic_similarities_in_the_phonology_of_schwa_2012_?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_28719947","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49126546,"asset_id":28719947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53847601,"first_name":"Karim","last_name":"Bensoukas","domain_name":"um5ac","page_name":"KarimBensoukas","display_name":"Karim Bensoukas","profile_url":"https://um5ac.academia.edu/KarimBensoukas?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53847601/14241364/15204697/s65_karim.bensoukas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":101,"name":"Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=16618"},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618"},{"id":41144,"name":"Prosody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosody?f_ri=16618"},{"id":144922,"name":"Syllable Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syllable_Structure?f_ri=16618"},{"id":420201,"name":"Moroccan Arabic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moroccan_Arabic?f_ri=16618"},{"id":2535880,"name":"Amazigh (Berber)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazigh_Berber_?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40451766" data-work_id="40451766" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40451766/Fonolog%C3%ADa">Fonología</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La fonología moderna y su aplicación a la lengua española es el tema principal de esta obra. A través de los diferentes capítulos, se introduce al lector a la evolución de los enfoques teóricos que han dominado el estudio de la fonología... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40451766" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La fonología moderna y su aplicación a la lengua española es el tema principal de esta obra. A través de los diferentes capítulos, se introduce al lector a la evolución de los enfoques teóricos que han dominado el estudio de la fonología en los últimos cincuenta años, comenzando con el trabajo generativo clásico de Chomsky y Halle (1968) "The Sounds Patterns of English", y terminando con la Teoría de la Optimidad (Prince & Smolensky 1993, McCarthy and Prince 1993); además, en el capítulo 1 se hace un recorrido histórico sobre el desarrollo de la lingüística como ciencia, desde Panini hasta Chomsky y otros lingüistas contemporáneos. El libro es, pues, una introducción al estudio de la teoría fonológica moderna, aplicable a cualquier lengua natural. Aunque los datos principales para sustentar las propuestas teóricas provienen del español, especialmente de las variantes habladas en El Salvador y el resto de países centroamericanos, también se utilizan datos de otras lenguas y familias lingüísticas para demostrar la universalidad de la teoría desarrollada. Los datos utilizados para el análisis provienen principalmente del trabajo de campo del autor sobre la lengua salvadoreña y otras variantes centroamericanas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40451766" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d798ba5ae362477f93c1bbb1d6e4c5e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60715054,"asset_id":40451766,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60715054/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25355454" href="https://udb.academia.edu/JLemus">Jorge E Lemus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25355454" type="text/json">{"id":25355454,"first_name":"Jorge","last_name":"Lemus","domain_name":"udb","page_name":"JLemus","display_name":"Jorge E Lemus","profile_url":"https://udb.academia.edu/JLemus?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25355454/7935203/44304185/s65_jorge.lemus.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40451766 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40451766"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40451766, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40451766", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40451766 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40451766; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40451766"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40451766 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40451766"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40451766; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40451766]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40451766").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40451766").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40451766"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syllable_Theory">Syllable Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43788" type="text/json">{"id":43788,"name":"Syllable Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syllable_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52353" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generative_linguistics">Generative linguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52353" type="text/json">{"id":52353,"name":"Generative linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generative_linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40451766]'), work: {"id":40451766,"title":"Fonología","created_at":"2019-09-26T14:46:52.576-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40451766/Fonolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_40451766","summary":"La fonología moderna y su aplicación a la lengua española es el tema principal de esta obra. A través de los diferentes capítulos, se introduce al lector a la evolución de los enfoques teóricos que han dominado el estudio de la fonología en los últimos cincuenta años, comenzando con el trabajo generativo clásico de Chomsky y Halle (1968) \"The Sounds Patterns of English\", y terminando con la Teoría de la Optimidad (Prince \u0026 Smolensky 1993, McCarthy and Prince 1993); además, en el capítulo 1 se hace un recorrido histórico sobre el desarrollo de la lingüística como ciencia, desde Panini hasta Chomsky y otros lingüistas contemporáneos. El libro es, pues, una introducción al estudio de la teoría fonológica moderna, aplicable a cualquier lengua natural. Aunque los datos principales para sustentar las propuestas teóricas provienen del español, especialmente de las variantes habladas en El Salvador y el resto de países centroamericanos, también se utilizan datos de otras lenguas y familias lingüísticas para demostrar la universalidad de la teoría desarrollada. Los datos utilizados para el análisis provienen principalmente del trabajo de campo del autor sobre la lengua salvadoreña y otras variantes centroamericanas.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60715054,"asset_id":40451766,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25355454,"first_name":"Jorge","last_name":"Lemus","domain_name":"udb","page_name":"JLemus","display_name":"Jorge E Lemus","profile_url":"https://udb.academia.edu/JLemus?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25355454/7935203/44304185/s65_jorge.lemus.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":43788,"name":"Syllable Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syllable_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":52353,"name":"Generative linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generative_linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":623816,"name":"Dialectología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=16618"},{"id":683083,"name":"Fonetica Y Fonologia Del Espanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fonetica_Y_Fonologia_Del_Espanol?f_ri=16618"},{"id":3390797,"name":"autosegmental and metrical phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/autosegmental_and_metrical_phonology?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4858861" data-work_id="4858861" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4858861/Sentence_stress_in_information_structure">Sentence stress in information structure</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A typical English utterance is marked with a sentence stress, that is, a prominence on one word or syllable that is greater than other lexical stresses in the clause or utterance. This stress consists... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4858861" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A  typical  English  utterance  is  marked  with  a  sentence  stress,  that <br />is,  a  prominence  on  one  word  or  syllable  that  is  greater  than  other  lexical <br />stresses  in  the  clause  or  utterance.  This  stress  consists  of  a  pitch  prominence <br />that  demarcates  the  intonational  phrase.  An  Optimality  Theory  analysis  of <br />sentence  stress  is  presented  here,  which  integrates  insights  from  the  generative <br />and  applied  linguistic  approaches  under  one  framework.  Sentence  stress  is <br />explained  in  terms  of  the  interactions  between  prosodic  structure,  stress, <br />syntax,  and  information  structure,  that  is,  stress  assignment  on  the  main  focus <br />or  most  prominent  information.  The  constraints  and  constraint  interactions  can <br />explain  some  non-canonical  stress  types  that  are  not  handled  so  well  by <br />traditional  generative  approaches,  and  also  address  some  stress  patterns  and <br />linguistic  structures  that  functional  accounts  do  not  address.  The  Optimality <br />framework  can  explain  this  interface  of  different  linguistic  domains,  and  this <br />interface  can  better  explain  the  behavior  of  English  sentence  stress.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4858861" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91162122b4fe3af77b779a4424fe1b5d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32138876,"asset_id":4858861,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32138876/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="695962" href="https://lisia21.academia.edu/kentlee">kent lee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="695962" type="text/json">{"id":695962,"first_name":"kent","last_name":"lee","domain_name":"lisia21","page_name":"kentlee","display_name":"kent lee","profile_url":"https://lisia21.academia.edu/kentlee?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/695962/236693/13601974/s65_kent.lee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4858861 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4858861"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4858861, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4858861", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4858861]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4858861").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4858861").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4858861"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41144" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosody">Prosody</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41144" type="text/json">{"id":41144,"name":"Prosody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosody?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="384737" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_phonology">English phonology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="384737" type="text/json">{"id":384737,"name":"English phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4858861]'), work: {"id":4858861,"title":"Sentence stress in information structure","created_at":"2013-10-22T17:31:45.123-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4858861/Sentence_stress_in_information_structure?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_4858861","summary":"A typical English utterance is marked with a sentence stress, that \r\nis, a prominence on one word or syllable that is greater than other lexical \r\nstresses in the clause or utterance. This stress consists of a pitch prominence \r\nthat demarcates the intonational phrase. An Optimality Theory analysis of \r\nsentence stress is presented here, which integrates insights from the generative \r\nand applied linguistic approaches under one framework. Sentence stress is \r\nexplained in terms of the interactions between prosodic structure, stress, \r\nsyntax, and information structure, that is, stress assignment on the main focus \r\nor most prominent information. The constraints and constraint interactions can \r\nexplain some non-canonical stress types that are not handled so well by \r\ntraditional generative approaches, and also address some stress patterns and \r\nlinguistic structures that functional accounts do not address. The Optimality \r\nframework can explain this interface of different linguistic domains, and this \r\ninterface can better explain the behavior of English sentence stress.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32138876,"asset_id":4858861,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":695962,"first_name":"kent","last_name":"lee","domain_name":"lisia21","page_name":"kentlee","display_name":"kent lee","profile_url":"https://lisia21.academia.edu/kentlee?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/695962/236693/13601974/s65_kent.lee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":41144,"name":"Prosody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosody?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":384737,"name":"English phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":1216714,"name":"Sentence Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sentence_Stress?f_ri=16618"},{"id":1307571,"name":"Tonic Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tonic_Stress?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7095900" data-work_id="7095900" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7095900/Optimality_Theory_and_Spanish_Phonology">Optimality Theory and Spanish Phonology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article surveys research in Spanish phonology from the perspective of Optimality Theory, a formal linguistic framework based on ranked and violable constraints. Theoretical insights from OT enrich our understanding of Spanish... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7095900" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article surveys research in Spanish phonology from the perspective of Optimality Theory, a formal linguistic framework based on ranked and violable constraints. Theoretical insights from OT enrich our understanding of Spanish phonology, and Spanish data also figure prominently in the latest theoretical developments within OT. The article concludes with areas for ongoing research and suggestions for further reading on OT in Spanish phonology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7095900" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50575014ea36d37a8d23cda2d9defa08" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33740850,"asset_id":7095900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33740850/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8774974" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/TravisBradley">Travis G Bradley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8774974" type="text/json">{"id":8774974,"first_name":"Travis","last_name":"Bradley","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"TravisBradley","display_name":"Travis G Bradley","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/TravisBradley?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8774974/2899975/94035730/s65_travis_g..bradley.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7095900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7095900"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7095900, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7095900", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7095900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7095900; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7095900"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7095900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7095900"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7095900; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7095900]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7095900").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7095900").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7095900"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12492" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics">Spanish Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12492" type="text/json">{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60338" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology">Phonetics and Phonology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60338" type="text/json">{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7095900]'), work: {"id":7095900,"title":"Optimality Theory and Spanish Phonology","created_at":"2014-05-19T17:06:45.934-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7095900/Optimality_Theory_and_Spanish_Phonology?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_7095900","summary":"This article surveys research in Spanish phonology from the perspective of Optimality Theory, a formal linguistic framework based on ranked and violable constraints. Theoretical insights from OT enrich our understanding of Spanish phonology, and Spanish data also figure prominently in the latest theoretical developments within OT. The article concludes with areas for ongoing research and suggestions for further reading on OT in Spanish phonology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33740850,"asset_id":7095900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8774974,"first_name":"Travis","last_name":"Bradley","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"TravisBradley","display_name":"Travis G Bradley","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/TravisBradley?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8774974/2899975/94035730/s65_travis_g..bradley.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5914716" data-work_id="5914716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5914716/Labialization_and_Palatalization_in_Judeo_Spanish_Phonology">Labialization and Palatalization in Judeo-Spanish Phonology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Judeo-Spanish (JS) presents a number of phonological processes involving secondary articulations. This paper establishes novel descriptive generalizations based on labialization and palatalization phenomena across different JS dialects. I... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5914716" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Judeo-Spanish (JS) presents a number of phonological processes involving secondary articulations. This paper establishes novel descriptive generalizations based on labialization and palatalization phenomena across different JS dialects. I show how these generalizations are part of a broader cross-linguistic typology of secondary articulation patterns, which would remain incomplete on the basis of non-Sephardic Spanish alone. I propose an analysis in Optimality Theory (OT) that accounts for this variation using the same universal constraints that are active in languages beyond Ibero-Romance. This paper demonstrates the utility of OT as an analytical framework for doing JS phonology and in turn highlights the importance of JS to phonological theory by bringing new generalizations and data to bear on the analysis of secondary articulations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5914716" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="048e6a5b2cd08d81c5df231adbd1946c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32895095,"asset_id":5914716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32895095/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8774974" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/TravisBradley">Travis G Bradley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8774974" type="text/json">{"id":8774974,"first_name":"Travis","last_name":"Bradley","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"TravisBradley","display_name":"Travis G Bradley","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/TravisBradley?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8774974/2899975/94035730/s65_travis_g..bradley.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5914716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5914716"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5914716, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5914716", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5914716]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5914716").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5914716").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5914716"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2139" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics">Phonetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2139" type="text/json">{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146379" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judeo-Spanish_Ladino_language">Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) language</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="146379" type="text/json">{"id":146379,"name":"Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judeo-Spanish_Ladino_language?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5914716]'), work: {"id":5914716,"title":"Labialization and Palatalization in Judeo-Spanish Phonology","created_at":"2014-02-01T16:31:35.608-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5914716/Labialization_and_Palatalization_in_Judeo_Spanish_Phonology?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_5914716","summary":"Judeo-Spanish (JS) presents a number of phonological processes involving secondary articulations. This paper establishes novel descriptive generalizations based on labialization and palatalization phenomena across different JS dialects. I show how these generalizations are part of a broader cross-linguistic typology of secondary articulation patterns, which would remain incomplete on the basis of non-Sephardic Spanish alone. I propose an analysis in Optimality Theory (OT) that accounts for this variation using the same universal constraints that are active in languages beyond Ibero-Romance. This paper demonstrates the utility of OT as an analytical framework for doing JS phonology and in turn highlights the importance of JS to phonological theory by bringing new generalizations and data to bear on the analysis of secondary articulations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32895095,"asset_id":5914716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8774974,"first_name":"Travis","last_name":"Bradley","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"TravisBradley","display_name":"Travis G Bradley","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/TravisBradley?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8774974/2899975/94035730/s65_travis_g..bradley.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":146379,"name":"Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judeo-Spanish_Ladino_language?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22220426" data-work_id="22220426" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22220426/Las_bases_de_la_teor%C3%ADa_de_la_optimidad">Las bases de la teoría de la optimidad</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Material per al curs d'introducció a la teoria de l'optimitat, impartit a la Universitat de Freiburg (cursos 2007-2008, 2008-2009, 2010-2011, 2012-2013).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22220426" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdb84c65a1dbac070d5033b4d953ec56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42872214,"asset_id":22220426,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42872214/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1169155" href="https://ub.academia.edu/Cl%C3%A0udiaPonsMoll">Clàudia Pons-Moll</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1169155" type="text/json">{"id":1169155,"first_name":"Clàudia","last_name":"Pons-Moll","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"ClàudiaPonsMoll","display_name":"Clàudia Pons-Moll","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/Cl%C3%A0udiaPonsMoll?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1169155/2844046/3320653/s65_cl_udia.pons-moll.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22220426 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22220426"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22220426, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22220426", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22220426 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22220426; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22220426"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22220426 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22220426"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22220426; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22220426]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22220426").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22220426").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22220426"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romance_Linguistics">Romance Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29859" type="text/json">{"id":29859,"name":"Romance Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romance_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Phonology">Natural Phonology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="192123" type="text/json">{"id":192123,"name":"Natural Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22220426]'), work: {"id":22220426,"title":"Las bases de la teoría de la optimidad","created_at":"2016-02-20T07:37:03.401-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22220426/Las_bases_de_la_teor%C3%ADa_de_la_optimidad?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_22220426","summary":"Material per al curs d'introducció a la teoria de l'optimitat, impartit a la Universitat de Freiburg (cursos 2007-2008, 2008-2009, 2010-2011, 2012-2013).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42872214,"asset_id":22220426,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1169155,"first_name":"Clàudia","last_name":"Pons-Moll","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"ClàudiaPonsMoll","display_name":"Clàudia Pons-Moll","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/Cl%C3%A0udiaPonsMoll?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1169155/2844046/3320653/s65_cl_udia.pons-moll.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":29859,"name":"Romance Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romance_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":192123,"name":"Natural Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":492716,"name":"Autosegmental Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autosegmental_Phonology?f_ri=16618"},{"id":605952,"name":"Generative Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generative_Phonology?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10466739" data-work_id="10466739" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10466739/Consonant_Tone_Interaction_in_Thai">Consonant-Tone Interaction in Thai</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This dissertation establishes that phonological consonant-tone interaction occurs in a non-local configuration in Thai, in contrast to current theories where this interaction is only thought to occur locally. A phonological account posits... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10466739" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This dissertation establishes that phonological consonant-tone interaction occurs in a non-local configuration in Thai, in contrast to current theories where this interaction is only thought to occur locally. A phonological account posits that in bimoraic unchecked syllables, tones associated with the second mora, and not the first mora, interact with onset consonants in Thai. This is implemented via an Optimality-theoretic markedness constraint, *[+CG]-[H]μ2. Evidence for this position comes from a quantitative lexical gap study and a pair of judgment experiments, which show that both rising tone and high tone are ungrammatical in unchecked syllables with laryngealized obstruent onsets. In Thai, these tones share a common high-tone target at the end of the syllable. These facts suggest the presence of a phonological constraint violated by onset-tone sequences, where the tone on the second mora is referenced, despite the fact that it is the more distant of the two. This constraint is grounded since it is phonologically less marked for tones to be realized late in syllables – the second mora is treated as the “head” mora of the syllable in Thai.<br /> This phonological analysis is supported via evidence from an acoustic study of voiced and unaspirated obstruent onsets in Thai. It is discovered that these obstruents are articulated with laryngeal constriction, and that they form a natural class under the feature [+constricted glottis] A second important contribution of the acoustic study was that [ʔ] onsets are phonetically distinct (they raise F0 and spectral tilt), even though they are part of the same phonological [+constricted glottis] class.<br /> Two judgment experiments confirm the psychological reality of the constraint *[+CG]-[H]μ2 among native Thai words. However, three of four onset-tone sequences that violate this constraint are considered grammatical under interpretation as English loans. This result is consistent with findings in other languages, where loan strata are more permissive than native strata. In addition, participants exhibited preferences for [+constricted glottis] onsets and low tone that cannot be explained via language experience. Therefore, it is argued that the relative ranking of markedness constraints can distinguish between grammatical forms, a finding that replicates previous experiments in English and Hebrew.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10466739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f409338c500058f163c3e8aea042f9a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36494669,"asset_id":10466739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36494669/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25685382" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeremyPerkins">Jeremy Perkins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25685382" type="text/json">{"id":25685382,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Perkins","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeremyPerkins","display_name":"Jeremy Perkins","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeremyPerkins?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25685382/7018821/7913087/s65_jeremy.perkins.jpg_oh_9b2aea9c25891d0c2870bc5b4b4f7870_oe_556c5b14___gda___1432227448_d4ef1ce9a8c8d6d2c3aa592f1dd93f80"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10466739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10466739"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10466739, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10466739", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10466739]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10466739").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10466739").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10466739"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4972" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psycholinguistics">Psycholinguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4972" type="text/json">{"id":4972,"name":"Psycholinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psycholinguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10157" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics">Corpus Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10157" type="text/json">{"id":10157,"name":"Corpus Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10466739]'), work: {"id":10466739,"title":"Consonant-Tone Interaction in Thai","created_at":"2015-02-02T17:22:59.686-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10466739/Consonant_Tone_Interaction_in_Thai?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_10466739","summary":"This dissertation establishes that phonological consonant-tone interaction occurs in a non-local configuration in Thai, in contrast to current theories where this interaction is only thought to occur locally. A phonological account posits that in bimoraic unchecked syllables, tones associated with the second mora, and not the first mora, interact with onset consonants in Thai. This is implemented via an Optimality-theoretic markedness constraint, *[+CG]-[H]μ2. Evidence for this position comes from a quantitative lexical gap study and a pair of judgment experiments, which show that both rising tone and high tone are ungrammatical in unchecked syllables with laryngealized obstruent onsets. In Thai, these tones share a common high-tone target at the end of the syllable. These facts suggest the presence of a phonological constraint violated by onset-tone sequences, where the tone on the second mora is referenced, despite the fact that it is the more distant of the two. This constraint is grounded since it is phonologically less marked for tones to be realized late in syllables – the second mora is treated as the “head” mora of the syllable in Thai.\n\tThis phonological analysis is supported via evidence from an acoustic study of voiced and unaspirated obstruent onsets in Thai. It is discovered that these obstruents are articulated with laryngeal constriction, and that they form a natural class under the feature [+constricted glottis] A second important contribution of the acoustic study was that [ʔ] onsets are phonetically distinct (they raise F0 and spectral tilt), even though they are part of the same phonological [+constricted glottis] class.\n\tTwo judgment experiments confirm the psychological reality of the constraint *[+CG]-[H]μ2 among native Thai words. However, three of four onset-tone sequences that violate this constraint are considered grammatical under interpretation as English loans. This result is consistent with findings in other languages, where loan strata are more permissive than native strata. In addition, participants exhibited preferences for [+constricted glottis] onsets and low tone that cannot be explained via language experience. Therefore, it is argued that the relative ranking of markedness constraints can distinguish between grammatical forms, a finding that replicates previous experiments in English and Hebrew.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36494669,"asset_id":10466739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25685382,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Perkins","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeremyPerkins","display_name":"Jeremy Perkins","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeremyPerkins?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25685382/7018821/7913087/s65_jeremy.perkins.jpg_oh_9b2aea9c25891d0c2870bc5b4b4f7870_oe_556c5b14___gda___1432227448_d4ef1ce9a8c8d6d2c3aa592f1dd93f80"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":4972,"name":"Psycholinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psycholinguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":10157,"name":"Corpus Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":17952,"name":"Thai Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thai_Linguistics?f_ri=16618"},{"id":132080,"name":"Thai Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thai_Language?f_ri=16618"},{"id":382182,"name":"Loanwords","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loanwords?f_ri=16618"},{"id":1534403,"name":"Consonant-Tone Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consonant-Tone_Interaction?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8713030" data-work_id="8713030" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8713030/PROCESOS_SOCIOLING%C3%9C%C3%8DSTICOS_EN_ESPA%C3%91OL_DE_LA_CIUDAD_DE_M%C3%89XICO_ESTUDIO_EN_TIEMPO_REAL">PROCESOS SOCIOLINGÜÍSTICOS EN ESPAÑOL DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO. ESTUDIO EN TIEMPO REAL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ph. D. Dissertation. El Colegio de México (September 2014). A study in real and apparent time (Labov 1994) based on a corpus consisting of 48 interviews. 24 of these interviews were recollected in 1967-1974, and 24 around the year 2000.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8713030" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ph. D. Dissertation. El Colegio de México (September 2014). A study in real and apparent time (Labov 1994) based on a corpus consisting of 48 interviews. 24 of these interviews were recollected in 1967-1974, and 24 around the year 2000. Sociolinguistic variables in three structural levels are explored: two phonetic variables (rothic consonants /r/ and /rr/, and vowel weakening), two morphological variables (morpheme -dad, and adverbials ending in -mente), and a series of lexical problems. This work discusses lexical diffusion and neogramatic change as possibly explanations for some of the processes. An Stochastic Optimality Theory approach (Díaz Campos & Colina 2006; Martín Butragueño 2014) is used to account for the phonetic processes. One of the main results suggests a linguistic community that has shortened the sociolinguistic gap between people with high and low level of education in real time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8713030" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc951407ef2f11ff6759cec2e55d1022" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35063547,"asset_id":8713030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35063547/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2664864" href="https://izt-uam.academia.edu/JulioSerrano">Julio Serrano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2664864" type="text/json">{"id":2664864,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Serrano","domain_name":"izt-uam","page_name":"JulioSerrano","display_name":"Julio Serrano","profile_url":"https://izt-uam.academia.edu/JulioSerrano?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2664864/851381/145825695/s65_julio.serrano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8713030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8713030"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8713030, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8713030", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8713030]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8713030").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8713030").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8713030"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2524" type="text/json">{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2525" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change">Language Variation and Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2525" type="text/json">{"id":2525,"name":"Language Variation and Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12492" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics">Spanish Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12492" type="text/json">{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8713030]'), work: {"id":8713030,"title":"PROCESOS SOCIOLINGÜÍSTICOS EN ESPAÑOL DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO. ESTUDIO EN TIEMPO REAL","created_at":"2014-10-09T09:28:28.543-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8713030/PROCESOS_SOCIOLING%C3%9C%C3%8DSTICOS_EN_ESPA%C3%91OL_DE_LA_CIUDAD_DE_M%C3%89XICO_ESTUDIO_EN_TIEMPO_REAL?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_8713030","summary":"Ph. D. Dissertation. El Colegio de México (September 2014). A study in real and apparent time (Labov 1994) based on a corpus consisting of 48 interviews. 24 of these interviews were recollected in 1967-1974, and 24 around the year 2000. Sociolinguistic variables in three structural levels are explored: two phonetic variables (rothic consonants /r/ and /rr/, and vowel weakening), two morphological variables (morpheme -dad, and adverbials ending in -mente), and a series of lexical problems. This work discusses lexical diffusion and neogramatic change as possibly explanations for some of the processes. An Stochastic Optimality Theory approach (Díaz Campos \u0026 Colina 2006; Martín Butragueño 2014) is used to account for the phonetic processes. One of the main results suggests a linguistic community that has shortened the sociolinguistic gap between people with high and low level of education in real time. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35063547,"asset_id":8713030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2664864,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Serrano","domain_name":"izt-uam","page_name":"JulioSerrano","display_name":"Julio Serrano","profile_url":"https://izt-uam.academia.edu/JulioSerrano?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2664864/851381/145825695/s65_julio.serrano.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2525,"name":"Language Variation and Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":254310,"name":"Mexican Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexican_Spanish?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_831981 coauthored" data-work_id="831981" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/831981/Sanskrit_Compound_Processor">Sanskrit Compound Processor</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/831981" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="158499" href="https://uohyd.academia.edu/AmbaKulkarni">Amba Kulkarni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="158499" type="text/json">{"id":158499,"first_name":"Amba","last_name":"Kulkarni","domain_name":"uohyd","page_name":"AmbaKulkarni","display_name":"Amba Kulkarni","profile_url":"https://uohyd.academia.edu/AmbaKulkarni?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158499/2821344/3292745/s65_amba.kulkarni.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-831981">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-831981"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VipulMittal1">Vipul Mittal</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://sanskrit.academia.edu/PreetiShukla">Preeti Shukla</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-831981'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-831981').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_831981 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="831981"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 831981, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_831981", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_831981 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_Computational_Linguistics">Sanskrit Computational Linguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1242118" type="text/json">{"id":1242118,"name":"Sanskrit Computational Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_Computational_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=831981]'), work: {"id":831981,"title":"Sanskrit Compound Processor","created_at":"2011-08-14T11:40:01.094-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/831981/Sanskrit_Compound_Processor?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_831981","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4987085,"asset_id":831981,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":158499,"first_name":"Amba","last_name":"Kulkarni","domain_name":"uohyd","page_name":"AmbaKulkarni","display_name":"Amba Kulkarni","profile_url":"https://uohyd.academia.edu/AmbaKulkarni?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158499/2821344/3292745/s65_amba.kulkarni.jpg"},{"id":32934745,"first_name":"Vipul","last_name":"Mittal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VipulMittal1","display_name":"Vipul Mittal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VipulMittal1?f_ri=16618","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33106967,"first_name":"Preeti","last_name":"Shukla","domain_name":"sanskrit","page_name":"PreetiShukla","display_name":"Preeti Shukla","profile_url":"https://sanskrit.academia.edu/PreetiShukla?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33106967/11560767/12893134/s65_preeti.shukla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":1242118,"name":"Sanskrit Computational Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_Computational_Linguistics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38027569" data-work_id="38027569" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38027569/ANALISIS_SUKU_KATA_DIALEK_KELANTAN_BERDASARKAN_TEORI_OPTIMALITI_MENERUSI_DIKIR_%CA%A7e%C9%81_%C9%91w%C9%9B_dond%C9%9Bj">ANALISIS SUKU KATA DIALEK KELANTAN BERDASARKAN TEORI OPTIMALITI MENERUSI DIKIR 'ʧeɁ ɑwɛ dondɛj'</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Analisis ini memanfaatkan penggunaan Teori Optimaliti sebagai kerangka kajian yang utama bagi menganalisis suku kata dasar Dialek Kelantan (DK) berpandukan kepada data sekunder yang diambil dari lirik lagu dikir rambung Kelantan berjudul... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38027569" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Analisis ini memanfaatkan penggunaan Teori Optimaliti sebagai kerangka kajian yang utama bagi menganalisis suku kata dasar Dialek Kelantan (DK) berpandukan kepada data sekunder yang diambil dari lirik lagu dikir rambung Kelantan berjudul Awe oh Awe [Ɂɑwɛ o Ɂɑwɛ] yang dinyanyikan oleh kumpulan Kapilla melalui diskografi album mereka yang bertajuk Che Awe Donde [ʧeɁ ɑwɛ dondɛj]. Lagu ini telah diterbitkan pada tahun 2000 di mana perincian muzik popnya adalah berteraskan kepada irama dikir barat Kelantan dan disampaikan dalam Dialek Kelantan. Data tersebut yang berdurasi selama 4 minit 21 saat kemudiannya ditranskripsi dengan menggunakan simbol fonetik berdasarkan carta IPA. Bentuk struktur suku kata dalam DK seterusnya dikenal pasti dan dikategorikan mengikut perubahan-perubahan<br />yang berlaku sebelum dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tatatingkat kekangan. Melalui analisis ini bahawa hierarki kekangan bagi suku<br />kata dasar Dialek Kelantan adalah *NUKLEIKOMPLEKS,<br />*KODAKOMPLEKS, KONTIGAKAR >> JAJAR-KIRI >> ONSET >><br />DEP >> MAKS >> *KODA</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38027569" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9bc4e1c1b0d33bd64155a28835201d6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58049389,"asset_id":38027569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58049389/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9253278" href="https://ukm-my.academia.edu/IzzatiRozman">Izzati Rozman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9253278" type="text/json">{"id":9253278,"first_name":"Izzati","last_name":"Rozman","domain_name":"ukm-my","page_name":"IzzatiRozman","display_name":"Izzati Rozman","profile_url":"https://ukm-my.academia.edu/IzzatiRozman?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9253278/3298087/21012879/s65_izzati.rozman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38027569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38027569"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38027569, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38027569", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38027569]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38027569").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38027569").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38027569"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3089781" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Struktur_Suku_Kata_Dasar">Struktur Suku Kata Dasar</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3089781" type="text/json">{"id":3089781,"name":"Struktur Suku Kata Dasar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Struktur_Suku_Kata_Dasar?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3089782" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kelantanese_Core_Syllable">Kelantanese Core Syllable</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3089782" type="text/json">{"id":3089782,"name":"Kelantanese Core Syllable","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kelantanese_Core_Syllable?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38027569]'), work: {"id":38027569,"title":"ANALISIS SUKU KATA DIALEK KELANTAN BERDASARKAN TEORI OPTIMALITI MENERUSI DIKIR 'ʧeɁ ɑwɛ dondɛj'","created_at":"2018-12-22T18:32:32.601-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38027569/ANALISIS_SUKU_KATA_DIALEK_KELANTAN_BERDASARKAN_TEORI_OPTIMALITI_MENERUSI_DIKIR_%CA%A7e%C9%81_%C9%91w%C9%9B_dond%C9%9Bj?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_38027569","summary":"Analisis ini memanfaatkan penggunaan Teori Optimaliti sebagai kerangka kajian yang utama bagi menganalisis suku kata dasar Dialek Kelantan (DK) berpandukan kepada data sekunder yang diambil dari lirik lagu dikir rambung Kelantan berjudul Awe oh Awe [Ɂɑwɛ o Ɂɑwɛ] yang dinyanyikan oleh kumpulan Kapilla melalui diskografi album mereka yang bertajuk Che Awe Donde [ʧeɁ ɑwɛ dondɛj]. Lagu ini telah diterbitkan pada tahun 2000 di mana perincian muzik popnya adalah berteraskan kepada irama dikir barat Kelantan dan disampaikan dalam Dialek Kelantan. Data tersebut yang berdurasi selama 4 minit 21 saat kemudiannya ditranskripsi dengan menggunakan simbol fonetik berdasarkan carta IPA. Bentuk struktur suku kata dalam DK seterusnya dikenal pasti dan dikategorikan mengikut perubahan-perubahan\nyang berlaku sebelum dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tatatingkat kekangan. Melalui analisis ini bahawa hierarki kekangan bagi suku\nkata dasar Dialek Kelantan adalah *NUKLEIKOMPLEKS,\n*KODAKOMPLEKS, KONTIGAKAR \u003e\u003e JAJAR-KIRI \u003e\u003e ONSET \u003e\u003e\nDEP \u003e\u003e MAKS \u003e\u003e *KODA","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58049389,"asset_id":38027569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9253278,"first_name":"Izzati","last_name":"Rozman","domain_name":"ukm-my","page_name":"IzzatiRozman","display_name":"Izzati Rozman","profile_url":"https://ukm-my.academia.edu/IzzatiRozman?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9253278/3298087/21012879/s65_izzati.rozman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":3089781,"name":"Struktur Suku Kata Dasar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Struktur_Suku_Kata_Dasar?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":3089782,"name":"Kelantanese 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","created_at":"2013-07-03T17:15:55.671-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3849561/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e_Eylemlerde_%C3%87okanlaml%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_Uygunluk_Kuram%C4%B1_%C3%87er%C3%A7evesinde_Bir_%C3%87%C3%B6z%C3%BCmleme_Polysemous_Verbs_in_Turkish_An_Analysis_within_the_Frame_of_Optimality_Theory_?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_3849561","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":359252,"first_name":"Aygül","last_name":"Uçar","domain_name":"mersin","page_name":"AygülUçar","display_name":"Aygül Uçar","profile_url":"https://mersin.academia.edu/Ayg%C3%BClU%C3%A7ar?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/359252/2006581/150854981/s65_ayg_l.u_ar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":22285,"name":"Turkish 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratory_Experimental_Phonology">Laboratory/Experimental Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13167" type="text/json">{"id":13167,"name":"Laboratory/Experimental Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratory_Experimental_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39347303]'), work: {"id":39347303,"title":"How can Italian phonology lack voice 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Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratory_Experimental_Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":19810,"name":"Theoretical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Linguistics?f_ri=16618"},{"id":21025,"name":"Acoustic Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustic_Phonetics?f_ri=16618"},{"id":24938,"name":"Articulatory Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Articulatory_Phonetics?f_ri=16618"},{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology?f_ri=16618"},{"id":65716,"name":"Voicing assimilation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voicing_assimilation?f_ri=16618"},{"id":94578,"name":"Italian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Linguistics?f_ri=16618"},{"id":123375,"name":"Government Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_Phonology?f_ri=16618"},{"id":223022,"name":"Italiano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italiano?f_ri=16618"},{"id":317885,"name":"Laryngeal theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laryngeal_theory?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20065952" data-work_id="20065952" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20065952/Syllabification_in_Najdi_Arabic_A_Constraint_Based_Analysis">Syllabification in Najdi Arabic: A Constraint –Based Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Vol. 6. No.4 December 2015 Pp. 373 -... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20065952" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Vol. 6. No.4 December 2015  <br />                                                                                                                                                                  Pp. 373 - 388<br /><br /><br />    <br /><br />Syllabification in Najdi Arabic: A Constraint –Based Analysis<br /><br /><br />Mohammad AlAmro<br />English Language Center<br />Institute of Public Administration, Saudi Arabia<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Abstract<br />This paper seeks to show how the optimality theory regulates the syllabification of Standard Arabic, in general, and Najdi Arabic in particular. The arrangement of phonemes in the syllables is ruled by constraints. This paper shows how Najdi Arabic repairs the words adopted from Modern Standard Arabic to conform to Najdi Arabic constraints. The data is adopted from different sources such as previous studies, and the researcher’s own data. Although a number of studies have been conducted on Arabic, this is the first study that implements the optimality theory to account for Najdi Arabic syllabic structure. Issues tackled here include epenthesis, syncope, the markedness of sonority hierarchy, vowel shortening, cluster tolerance and apocope. The analysis here is conducted at the word level.<br />Keywords: constraint, markedness, Najid dialect, optimal theory, sonority, syllabification</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20065952" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1058258f1ab06326a84a42c611242b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40987039,"asset_id":20065952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40987039/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24124734" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArabWorldEnglishJournalAWEJ">Arab World English Journal (AWEJ)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24124734" type="text/json">{"id":24124734,"first_name":"Arab World English Journal","last_name":"(AWEJ)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArabWorldEnglishJournalAWEJ","display_name":"Arab World English Journal (AWEJ)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArabWorldEnglishJournalAWEJ?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24124734/7201396/8209446/s65_arab_world_english_journal.awej.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20065952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20065952"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20065952, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20065952", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20065952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20065952").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20065952").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20065952"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constraints">Constraints</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422532" type="text/json">{"id":422532,"name":"Constraints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constraints?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="488460" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sonority">Sonority</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="488460" type="text/json">{"id":488460,"name":"Sonority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sonority?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="525054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markedness">Markedness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="525054" type="text/json">{"id":525054,"name":"Markedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markedness?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20065952]'), work: {"id":20065952,"title":"Syllabification in Najdi Arabic: A Constraint –Based Analysis","created_at":"2016-01-06T13:48:17.834-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20065952/Syllabification_in_Najdi_Arabic_A_Constraint_Based_Analysis?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_20065952","summary":"Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Vol. 6. No.4 December 2015 \n Pp. 373 - 388\n\n\n \n\nSyllabification in Najdi Arabic: A Constraint –Based Analysis\n\n\nMohammad AlAmro\nEnglish Language Center\nInstitute of Public Administration, Saudi Arabia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAbstract\nThis paper seeks to show how the optimality theory regulates the syllabification of Standard Arabic, in general, and Najdi Arabic in particular. The arrangement of phonemes in the syllables is ruled by constraints. This paper shows how Najdi Arabic repairs the words adopted from Modern Standard Arabic to conform to Najdi Arabic constraints. The data is adopted from different sources such as previous studies, and the researcher’s own data. Although a number of studies have been conducted on Arabic, this is the first study that implements the optimality theory to account for Najdi Arabic syllabic structure. Issues tackled here include epenthesis, syncope, the markedness of sonority hierarchy, vowel shortening, cluster tolerance and apocope. The analysis here is conducted at the word level.\nKeywords: constraint, markedness, Najid dialect, optimal theory, sonority, syllabification \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40987039,"asset_id":20065952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24124734,"first_name":"Arab World English Journal","last_name":"(AWEJ)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArabWorldEnglishJournalAWEJ","display_name":"Arab World English Journal (AWEJ)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArabWorldEnglishJournalAWEJ?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24124734/7201396/8209446/s65_arab_world_english_journal.awej.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":422532,"name":"Constraints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constraints?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":488460,"name":"Sonority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sonority?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":525054,"name":"Markedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markedness?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2279370,"name":"Najid dialect,","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Najid_dialect_?f_ri=16618"},{"id":2279371,"name":"Yllabification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yllabification?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37223763" data-work_id="37223763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37223763/El_acento_en_el_quechua_ayacuchano">El acento en el quechua ayacuchano</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La lengua quechua se extiende a lo largo del territorio peruano, abarca muchos ámbitos en la sociedad. Actualmente no existe estudios sobre el acento de carácter físico, todos quedan en la descripción del fenómeno, mas no presentan... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37223763" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La lengua quechua se extiende a lo largo del territorio peruano, abarca muchos ámbitos en la sociedad. Actualmente no existe estudios sobre el acento de carácter físico, todos quedan en la descripción del fenómeno, mas no presentan evidencia acústica. Para ello se hará uso del programa PRAAT para mostrar el nivel prosódico que abarca el acento en la lengua quechua. La presente investigación llamada Acento en la lengua quechua de ayacucho se centra en ver como los hablantes nativos del quechua de esta región expresan el acento en diferentes palabras de características diferentes, sea verbales o no verbales, además de oraciones enfáticas e interrogativas para el análisis. Para ello utilizo la teoría de la optimalidad para ver este fenómeno en la gramática quechua; mediante el rankeo de las restricciones necesarias se podrá explicar el acento de esta lengua. <br /><br />The Quechua language extends throughout the Peruvian territory, covering many areas in the society. At present there are no studies on the accent of physical character, all remain in the description of the phenomenon, but do not present acoustic evidence. For the use of the PRAAT program to show the prosodic level covered by the accent in the Quechua language. The present research called Accent in the Quechua language of Ayacucho focuses on seeing how the native Quechua speakers of this region express the accent in different words of the different characteristics, sea verbs or nonverbal, as well as emphatic and interrogative sentences for the analysis. For this I will use the theory of optimality to see this phenomenon in Quechua grammar; through the range of restrictions necessary to be able to explain the accent of this language.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37223763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b386f4cd08ca802646d3ccc399935ceb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57174738,"asset_id":37223763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57174738/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50235462" href="https://unmsm.academia.edu/Aar%C3%B3nTorres">Fernando Aarón Torres Castillo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50235462" type="text/json">{"id":50235462,"first_name":"Fernando Aarón","last_name":"Torres Castillo","domain_name":"unmsm","page_name":"AarónTorres","display_name":"Fernando Aarón Torres Castillo","profile_url":"https://unmsm.academia.edu/Aar%C3%B3nTorres?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50235462/16738902/17011708/s65_aar_n.torres.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37223763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37223763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37223763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37223763", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37223763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37223763").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37223763").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37223763"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2139" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics">Phonetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2139" type="text/json">{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42682" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quechua">Quechua</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42682" type="text/json">{"id":42682,"name":"Quechua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quechua?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37223763]'), work: {"id":37223763,"title":"El acento en el quechua ayacuchano","created_at":"2018-08-12T16:58:03.655-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37223763/El_acento_en_el_quechua_ayacuchano?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_37223763","summary":"La lengua quechua se extiende a lo largo del territorio peruano, abarca muchos ámbitos en la sociedad. Actualmente no existe estudios sobre el acento de carácter físico, todos quedan en la descripción del fenómeno, mas no presentan evidencia acústica. Para ello se hará uso del programa PRAAT para mostrar el nivel prosódico que abarca el acento en la lengua quechua. La presente investigación llamada Acento en la lengua quechua de ayacucho se centra en ver como los hablantes nativos del quechua de esta región expresan el acento en diferentes palabras de características diferentes, sea verbales o no verbales, además de oraciones enfáticas e interrogativas para el análisis. Para ello utilizo la teoría de la optimalidad para ver este fenómeno en la gramática quechua; mediante el rankeo de las restricciones necesarias se podrá explicar el acento de esta lengua. \n\nThe Quechua language extends throughout the Peruvian territory, covering many areas in the society. At present there are no studies on the accent of physical character, all remain in the description of the phenomenon, but do not present acoustic evidence. For the use of the PRAAT program to show the prosodic level covered by the accent in the Quechua language. The present research called Accent in the Quechua language of Ayacucho focuses on seeing how the native Quechua speakers of this region express the accent in different words of the different characteristics, sea verbs or nonverbal, as well as emphatic and interrogative sentences for the analysis. For this I will use the theory of optimality to see this phenomenon in Quechua grammar; through the range of restrictions necessary to be able to explain the accent of this language.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57174738,"asset_id":37223763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50235462,"first_name":"Fernando Aarón","last_name":"Torres Castillo","domain_name":"unmsm","page_name":"AarónTorres","display_name":"Fernando Aarón Torres Castillo","profile_url":"https://unmsm.academia.edu/Aar%C3%B3nTorres?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50235462/16738902/17011708/s65_aar_n.torres.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":42682,"name":"Quechua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quechua?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":103584,"name":"Fonética","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fon%C3%A9tica?f_ri=16618"},{"id":300329,"name":"Praat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Praat?f_ri=16618"},{"id":475905,"name":"Fonologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fonologia?f_ri=16618"},{"id":866648,"name":"Acento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acento?f_ri=16618"},{"id":1027720,"name":"Suprasegmentals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suprasegmentals?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6375253" data-work_id="6375253" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6375253/Feature_metathesis_and_the_change_of_PIE_dw_to_Classical_Armenian_rk_Diachronica_2013_">Feature metathesis and the change of PIE *dw- to Classical Armenian -rk (Diachronica 2013)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6375253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b722e51777b0ecc797b3d5c14cc2fac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33191059,"asset_id":6375253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33191059/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="232273" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/JessicaDeLisi">Jessica DeLisi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="232273" type="text/json">{"id":232273,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"DeLisi","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"JessicaDeLisi","display_name":"Jessica DeLisi","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/JessicaDeLisi?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/232273/1097270/2683098/s65_jessica.delisi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6375253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6375253"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6375253, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6375253", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6375253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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type="text/json">{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14553" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Armenian">Classical Armenian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14553" type="text/json">{"id":14553,"name":"Classical Armenian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Armenian?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6375253]'), work: {"id":6375253,"title":"Feature metathesis and the change of PIE *dw- to Classical Armenian -rk (Diachronica 2013)","created_at":"2014-03-11T08:32:10.504-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6375253/Feature_metathesis_and_the_change_of_PIE_dw_to_Classical_Armenian_rk_Diachronica_2013_?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_6375253","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33191059,"asset_id":6375253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":232273,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"DeLisi","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"JessicaDeLisi","display_name":"Jessica DeLisi","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/JessicaDeLisi?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/232273/1097270/2683098/s65_jessica.delisi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":14553,"name":"Classical Armenian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Armenian?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":86215,"name":"Diachronic Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Phonology?f_ri=16618"},{"id":144922,"name":"Syllable Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syllable_Structure?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 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class="download"><a id="4e6e5bd37439c5846a695b3c005f1076" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35195127,"asset_id":8858713,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35195127/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="184833" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/RyanSandell">Ryan Sandell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="184833" type="text/json">{"id":184833,"first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Sandell","domain_name":"lmu-munich","page_name":"RyanSandell","display_name":"Ryan Sandell","profile_url":"https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/RyanSandell?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184833/89532/17195302/s65_ryan.sandell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8858713 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8858713"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8858713, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8858713", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8858713 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span 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{"id":8858713,"title":"The Phonological Origins of Indo-European Long-Vowel (``Narten'') Presents","created_at":"2014-10-19T16:22:13.048-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8858713/The_Phonological_Origins_of_Indo_European_Long_Vowel_Narten_Presents?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_8858713","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35195127,"asset_id":8858713,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":184833,"first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Sandell","domain_name":"lmu-munich","page_name":"RyanSandell","display_name":"Ryan Sandell","profile_url":"https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/RyanSandell?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184833/89532/17195302/s65_ryan.sandell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":5076,"name":"Sanskrit language and literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_language_and_literature?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":7901,"name":"Vedic Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":12461,"name":"Hittite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hittite?f_ri=16618"},{"id":15673,"name":"Avestan (Languages And Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avestan_Languages_And_Linguistics_?f_ri=16618"},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=16618"},{"id":55987,"name":"Reduplication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reduplication?f_ri=16618"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11510040" data-work_id="11510040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11510040/The_Invariant_in_Phonology_The_role_of_salience_and_predictability">The Invariant in Phonology. The role of salience and predictability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this thesis is to give a phonological account of acoustic variation and reduction. It is argued that phonological representations are uneven and include information about the relative strength of the segmental and subsegmental... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11510040" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this thesis is to give a phonological account of acoustic variation and reduction. It is argued that phonological representations are uneven and include information about the relative strength of the segmental and subsegmental units composing them. This unevenness implies a distinction between the invariant – the “phonetic essence” of a word, which is practically undeletable – and other units which can be dispensed with under certain circumstances. In the first chapter I compare different theoretical approaches to the problem of acoustic variation, in particular with reference to generative phonology and exemplar-based theories. In the second chapter I propose a model which combines aspects of Optimality Theory, Element Theory and usage-based linguistics. Additionally, I discuss the role of acoustic salience in the formation of the invariant. In chapter three, typological and experimental data are examined in order to establish a salience scale for consonants. In chapter four, the results of the acoustic analysis of four dialogues extracted from a corpus of spoken Italian are presented. As expected, highly salient consonants are preserved to a greater extent than less salient ones. In chapter five I attempt to identify the phonological correlates of acoustic salience and discuss other factors which may favor reduction and deletion, among which predictability. In chapter six I draw some conclusions, deal with some pending issues and suggest future directions for research. <br /> <br />Lo scopo di questa tesi è di rendere conto della variazione e della riduzione acustica da un punto di vista fonologico. Secondo il modello che propongo, le rappresentazioni fonologiche sono disomogenee e racchiudono informazioni sulla forza relativa delle unità segmentali e subsegmentali che le compongono. Questa disomogeneità implica una distinzione tra l’invariante, o “essenza fonetica” di una parola, che è praticamente incancellabile, e altre unità di cui, in certe circostanze, si può fare a meno. Nel primo capitolo vengono confrontati diversi approcci teorici al problema della variazione acustica, facendo riferimento in particolare alla fonologia generativa e alla Teoria degli Esemplari. Nel secondo capitolo, oltre a proporre un modello che combina aspetti della Teoria dell’Ottimalità, della Teoria degli Elementi e della linguistica usage-based, si discute anche il ruolo della salienza acustica nella formazione dell’invariante. Nel terzo capitolo vengono esaminati dati tipologici e sperimentali per costruire una scala di salienza delle consonanti. Il quarto capitolo presenta i risultati dell’analisi acustica di quattro dialoghi estratti da un corpus di italiano parlato. Come previsto, le consonanti più salienti vengono conservate più frequentemente di quelle meno salienti. Nel quinto capitolo si tenta di individuare i correlati fonologici della salienza acustica e vengono discussi altri fattori che possono favorire la riduzione e la cancellazione, tra cui la predicibilità. Nel sesto capitolo si traggono alcune conclusioni, vengono trattate alcune questioni irrisolte e si suggeriscono delle future linee di ricerca.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11510040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c701e9cc3e79b73f0dd8c73228afcc6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37022630,"asset_id":11510040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37022630/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MjU0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="355487" href="https://unipd.academia.edu/AntonioBaroni">Antonio Baroni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="355487" type="text/json">{"id":355487,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Baroni","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"AntonioBaroni","display_name":"Antonio Baroni","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/AntonioBaroni?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355487/291413/344765/s65_antonio.baroni.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11510040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11510040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11510040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11510040", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11510040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11510040").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11510040").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11510040"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2139" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics">Phonetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2139" type="text/json">{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory">Optimality Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16618" type="text/json">{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47953" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictability">Predictability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47953" type="text/json">{"id":47953,"name":"Predictability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictability?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11510040]'), work: {"id":11510040,"title":"The Invariant in Phonology. The role of salience and predictability","created_at":"2015-03-18T09:44:02.544-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11510040/The_Invariant_in_Phonology_The_role_of_salience_and_predictability?f_ri=16618","dom_id":"work_11510040","summary":"The aim of this thesis is to give a phonological account of acoustic variation and reduction. It is argued that phonological representations are uneven and include information about the relative strength of the segmental and subsegmental units composing them. This unevenness implies a distinction between the invariant – the “phonetic essence” of a word, which is practically undeletable – and other units which can be dispensed with under certain circumstances. In the first chapter I compare different theoretical approaches to the problem of acoustic variation, in particular with reference to generative phonology and exemplar-based theories. In the second chapter I propose a model which combines aspects of Optimality Theory, Element Theory and usage-based linguistics. Additionally, I discuss the role of acoustic salience in the formation of the invariant. In chapter three, typological and experimental data are examined in order to establish a salience scale for consonants. In chapter four, the results of the acoustic analysis of four dialogues extracted from a corpus of spoken Italian are presented. As expected, highly salient consonants are preserved to a greater extent than less salient ones. In chapter five I attempt to identify the phonological correlates of acoustic salience and discuss other factors which may favor reduction and deletion, among which predictability. In chapter six I draw some conclusions, deal with some pending issues and suggest future directions for research.\r\n\r\nLo scopo di questa tesi è di rendere conto della variazione e della riduzione acustica da un punto di vista fonologico. Secondo il modello che propongo, le rappresentazioni fonologiche sono disomogenee e racchiudono informazioni sulla forza relativa delle unità segmentali e subsegmentali che le compongono. Questa disomogeneità implica una distinzione tra l’invariante, o “essenza fonetica” di una parola, che è praticamente incancellabile, e altre unità di cui, in certe circostanze, si può fare a meno. Nel primo capitolo vengono confrontati diversi approcci teorici al problema della variazione acustica, facendo riferimento in particolare alla fonologia generativa e alla Teoria degli Esemplari. Nel secondo capitolo, oltre a proporre un modello che combina aspetti della Teoria dell’Ottimalità, della Teoria degli Elementi e della linguistica usage-based, si discute anche il ruolo della salienza acustica nella formazione dell’invariante. Nel terzo capitolo vengono esaminati dati tipologici e sperimentali per costruire una scala di salienza delle consonanti. Il quarto capitolo presenta i risultati dell’analisi acustica di quattro dialoghi estratti da un corpus di italiano parlato. Come previsto, le consonanti più salienti vengono conservate più frequentemente di quelle meno salienti. Nel quinto capitolo si tenta di individuare i correlati fonologici della salienza acustica e vengono discussi altri fattori che possono favorire la riduzione e la cancellazione, tra cui la predicibilità. Nel sesto capitolo si traggono alcune conclusioni, vengono trattate alcune questioni irrisolte e si suggeriscono delle future linee di ricerca.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37022630,"asset_id":11510040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":355487,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Baroni","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"AntonioBaroni","display_name":"Antonio Baroni","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/AntonioBaroni?f_ri=16618","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355487/291413/344765/s65_antonio.baroni.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":16618,"name":"Optimality Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Theory?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":47953,"name":"Predictability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictability?f_ri=16618","nofollow":false},{"id":206297,"name":"Exemplar Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar_Theory?f_ri=16618"},{"id":207017,"name":"Usage-Based Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Usage-Based_Linguistics?f_ri=16618"},{"id":294765,"name":"Salience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salience?f_ri=16618"},{"id":556449,"name":"Obstruents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstruents?f_ri=16618"},{"id":637000,"name":"Element theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Element_theory?f_ri=16618"},{"id":714835,"name":"Casual 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