CINXE.COM
Court Musette, late 17th Century | SOHL.COM
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Court Musette, late 17th Century | SOHL.COM</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://sohl.com/xmlrpc.php"> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <!-- Async WordPress.com Remote Login --> <script id="wpcom_remote_login_js"> var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = ''; function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) { var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id ); if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) { var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name ); for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) { dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() { wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" ); } // Watch for messages back from the remote login window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { var data = {}; try { data = JSON.parse( e.data ); } catch( e ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); return; } if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { // Clean up the login check iframe wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); if ( token_regex.test( data.token ) && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) ) { // We have everything we need to ask for a login var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) + '&host=' + window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.hostname + '&postid=311' + '&is_singular=1'; document.body.appendChild( script ); } return; } // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; return; } // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); style_zap.type = 'text/css'; style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; return; } // Safari ITP if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { console.log( 'request access: safari' ); // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { return; } // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. var private_window = false; try { var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); } catch( e ) { private_window = true; } if ( private_window ) { console.log( 'private window' ); return; } var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); style.type = 'text/css'; style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); document.body.appendChild( style ); document.body.appendChild( iframe ); } if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); } } }, false ); // Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load // more critical resources window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" ); iframe.style.display = "none"; iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9zb2hsLmNvbQ%3D%3D" + "&wpcomid=107846770" + "&time=1743736097"; document.body.appendChild( iframe ); }, false ); </script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts-api.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SOHL.COM » Feed" href="https://sohl.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SOHL.COM » Comments Feed" href="https://sohl.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SOHL.COM » Court Musette, late 17th Century Comments Feed" href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1743601627i&ver=6.8-beta2-60035"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\ud83d\udd25","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\ud83d\udd25")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJxtzFsKgCAQQNENZYMhRR/RWkSH8C3NSNuPIgiizwOXC0cVpmTGzJCaqLFtLhN45KpNeAzUMqRiW0SCHaNmtKIW4o96Q9TB/zG6gO/31pWvaZGTkvMoB6X8CSlgNHQ=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzEEOwiAQheELCdMSEtOF8SxAyYSKQGYGDbe37cadC5cvL98P76ZCLRKLQMsdU2HAvk8fCfeHIrzMpCdtwfeUV/C5hofKyZOjASwjRx2YL/AzdCqGLUpzB3ejdlFIaf03QU5SQf7y+/M2X+1slsUYu30AMZRP0A==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-6-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/coblocks-style.css?m=1681832297i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/core-compat/wp-mediaelement.css,/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-bbpress-premium-themes.css?m=1432920480j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.css?m=1737671034i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='verbum-gutenberg-css-css' href='https://widgets.wp.com/verbum-block-editor/block-editor.css?ver=1738686361' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/comment-likes/css/comment-likes.css,/i/noticons/noticons.css?m=1436783281j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wilson-raleway-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=Raleway%3A400%2C700&ver=6.8-beta2-60035' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wilson-latos-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=Lato%3A400%2C700%2C400italic%2C700italic&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext&ver=6.8-beta2-60035' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-16-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJxtjUsKAjEQRC9kLKL4W4hHEW2aMWPSaewOwdvriAth3FVBvVfoGqiKszj8xoUN2q7oKVsVmD8zL8lsgZ9daUFzG5IYRna90P3bYU1wTkIYWPiR3oD9jzPn/HvSfP5DV6plIk7lGLf7TYyr9WE3vgAzuUWs&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-18-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9HPLdUtyClNz8wr1i9KTcrJTwcy0/WTi5G5ekCujj52Temp+bo5+cmJJZn5eSgc3bScxMwikFb7XFtDE1NLExMLc0OTLACohS2q&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='print-css-19-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/global-print/global-print.css?m=1465851035i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='print' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-22-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNjcsKQjEMBX/ImlsQry7ET5GahrbXNCmmRfx7H7gRN+7OwGEGbs2hSifpUIdrPFIRg4V6C3j5MNgQqBoHk4HlcKUYYry/Z5G0RrMV/C06FUEwxRLYsSa1L/iR9Uz1mc0bSKznwK/DsR787Kd5P/ntbnkAuNBIYA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack_related-posts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var related_posts_js_options = {"post_heading":"h4"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"107846770","postID":"311","siteURL":"https:\/\/sohl.com","xhrURL":"https:\/\/sohl.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"4bcab9143e","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7ivS2-51","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/reader\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar","shortLinkCopied":"Shortlink copied to clipboard."}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJx1jcEKwjAQRH/IdJGgPYmfIjVdSmKyidldav/eCBHqwdMwzOMNrMW4TIIkkNSUqIsnhoBSJvfoHVgJbp4c3NXHGSrGSXA2JbPwbxuSpyHwAXbe0JgoptT82r5bk0WdkT9jeCrWrcde8BcyyS+1nXb4mi7H0drxfLLWhjcL/E3+'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/p7ivS2-51' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsohl.com%2F2021%2F08%2F27%2F311%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsohl.com%2F2021%2F08%2F27%2F311%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /> <!-- Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Court Musette, late 17th Century" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Contents of this page copyright 1999, 2021, by Norm Sohl Chanter, Stocks, Small chanter I had a chance to briefly study this instrument in 1999 when it was in the possession of a friend. I don&#821…" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-08-27T12:00:00+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-09-01T23:53:06+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SOHL.COM" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_photo_a1.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="600" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="410" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@MertBevin" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@MertBevin" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Court Musette, late 17th Century" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_photo_a1.jpg?w=640" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <!-- End Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=32" sizes="16x16" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=32" sizes="16x16" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=114" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://sohl.com/osd.xml" title="SOHL.COM" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="description" content="Contents of this page copyright 1999, 2021, by Norm Sohl Chanter, Stocks, Small chanter I had a chance to briefly study this instrument in 1999 when it was in the possession of a friend. I don't know its current whereabouts. It is made of Ivory, well turned as you would expect from an instrument made…" /> </head> <body class="wp-singular post-template-default single single-post postid-311 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo wp-theme-pubwilson customizer-styles-applied individual-blog jetpack-reblog-enabled has-site-logo"> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://sohl.com/" class="site-logo-link" rel="home" itemprop="url"><img width="300" height="300" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=300" class="site-logo attachment-wilson-site-logo" alt="" decoding="async" data-size="wilson-site-logo" itemprop="logo" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=600 600w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=150 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" data-attachment-id="609" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1-jpg/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg" data-orig-size="1365,1365" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg" data-image-description="<p>https://sohlblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg</p> " data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=788" /></a> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://sohl.com/" rel="home">SOHL.COM</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">Articles and posts on music and technology by Norm Sohl</h2> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <h1><span class="screen-reader-text">Primary Menu</span></h1> <button class="menu-toggle"><span class="genericon genericon-menu"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span></button> <div class="menu-posts-container"><ul id="menu-posts" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-599" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-599"><a href="https://sohl.com/maptone/">An Atlas of Consonance</a></li> <li id="menu-item-590" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-590"><a href="https://sohl.com/2016/03/26/renaissance-3-hole-pipes/">Renaissance 3-Hole Pipes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-596" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item menu-item-596"><a href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/" aria-current="page">Court Musette, late 17th Century</a></li> <li id="menu-item-595" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-595"><a href="https://sohl.com/2005/06/15/a-french-grand-cornemuse-18th-c-private-collection/">A French grand cornemuse, 18th c, private collection</a></li> <li id="menu-item-591" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-591"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/">The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind.</a></li> <li id="menu-item-592" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-592"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/">Reconstructing the quills</a></li> <li id="menu-item-593" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-593"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/14/practical-acoustics-of-the-pan-pipes/">Practical Acoustics of pan Pipes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-594" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-594"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/02/cane/">Break cane for fun and profit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-597" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-597"><a href="https://sohl.com/1996/02/02/renrecorders/">3d renderings of renaissance recorders</a></li> <li id="menu-item-598" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-598"><a href="https://sohl.com/2016/03/05/momma-told-me-thered-be-days-like-this/">Momma told me there’d be days like this</a></li> <li id="menu-item-765" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-765"><a href="https://sohl.com/privacy-policy-for-a-glass-bead-game/">Privacy policy for “A Glass Bead Game”</a></li> <li id="menu-item-781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-781"><a href="https://sohl.com/a-glass-bead-game/">A Glass Bead Game</a></li> </ul></div> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> </header><!-- #masthead --> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-311" class="post-311 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-musical-instruments tag-bagpipes tag-court-musette tag-musical-instruments"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">Court Musette, late 17th Century</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2021-08-27T12:00:00+00:00">August 27, 2021</time><time class="updated" datetime="2021-09-01T23:53:06+00:00">September 1, 2021</time></a></span><span class="byline"><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://sohl.com/author/normsohl/">Norm Sohl</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-content"> <p><em>Contents of this page copyright 1999, 2021, by Norm Sohl</em></p> <p></p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="659" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img383/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img383.jpg" data-orig-size="1667,1051" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img383" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img383.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img383.jpg?w=788" width="1024" height="645" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img383.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-659" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img383.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img383.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img383.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img383.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img383.jpg 1667w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <p><em> Chanter, Stocks, Small chanter</em></p> <p>I had a chance to briefly study this instrument in 1999 when it was in the possession of a friend. I don’t know its current whereabouts. It is made of Ivory, well turned as you would expect from an instrument made for a wealthy client. and probably dates to the late 1600s. I was able to make several x-rays of the instrument with the help of a friendly local chiropractor, and these are included below. These x-rays showed several interesting things about this instrument is that visual inspection did not:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"><li>The bell of the instrument is made of a separate piece of ivory, and attached to the body with very precise threads. I’m told that this is common in instruments of the period.</li><li>The petit chalumeau or small chanter has an incomplete bore, and not all of the keys and associated holes are connected to the bore meaning that the instrument is not fully playable.</li></ul> <p>I’m adding my (very) rough notes from the measuring session. I’ve always wished to make measured drawings, but that may not happen, and I hope that my notes may help more than hinder anyone else interested in this instrument.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="660" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img382/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img382.jpg" data-orig-size="1667,1051" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img382" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img382.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img382.jpg?w=788" width="1024" height="645" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img382.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-660" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img382.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img382.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img382.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img382.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img382.jpg 1667w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption> <em>Chanter, Stocks, small chanter, showing fully assembled bell.</em></figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="671" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img392-1/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img392-1.jpg" data-orig-size="1664,1016" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img392-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img392-1.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img392-1.jpg?w=788" width="1024" height="625" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img392-1.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-671" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img392-1.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img392-1.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img392-1.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img392-1.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img392-1.jpg 1664w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption><em>The back of the instrument</em></figcaption></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">The large chanter</h2> <figure class="wp-block-image is-resized"><img data-attachment-id="315" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/musette_xray_chanter4/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter4.jpg" data-orig-size="600,107" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Musette_Xray_Chanter4" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter4.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter4.jpg?w=600" loading="lazy" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter4.jpg" alt="Musette_Xray_Chanter4" class="wp-image-315" width="837" height="149" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter4.jpg 600w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter4.jpg?w=150&h=27 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter4.jpg?w=300&h=54 300w" sizes="(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px" /><figcaption><em>Side x-ray of chanter showing undercutting, threading and bore profile</em></figcaption></figure> <p></p> <p>These images show the taper of the socket for the reed, the bore and the expansion at the foot of the instrument. They also do a good job of showing the position of the fingerholes, and the undercutting for a couple of the fingerholes. The top of the chanter is threaded, but as I recall the threading does not mate with the stock of the instrument. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image is-resized"><img data-attachment-id="323" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/musette_xray_chanter3/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter3.jpg" data-orig-size="600,87" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Musette_Xray_Chanter3" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter3.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter3.jpg?w=600" loading="lazy" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter3.jpg" alt="Musette_Xray_Chanter3" class="wp-image-323" width="837" height="121" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter3.jpg 600w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter3.jpg?w=150&h=22 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter3.jpg?w=300&h=44 300w" sizes="(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px" /><figcaption><em>Top view of chanter showing fingerholes.</em></figcaption></figure> <p></p> <figure class="wp-block-image is-resized"><img data-attachment-id="322" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/musette_xray_chanter/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter.jpg" data-orig-size="600,105" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="musette_Xray_Chanter" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter.jpg?w=600" loading="lazy" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter.jpg" alt="musette_Xray_Chanter" class="wp-image-322" width="836" height="146" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter.jpg 600w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter.jpg?w=150&h=26 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_chanter.jpg?w=300&h=53 300w" sizes="(max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px" /><figcaption><em>Positive print of x-ray, just for fun</em></figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="668" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img373/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img373.jpg" data-orig-size="1672,1056" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img373" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img373.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img373.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="646" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img373.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-668" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img373.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img373.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img373.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img373.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img373.jpg 1672w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Fingerholes and headstock</figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="661" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img386/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img386.jpg" data-orig-size="1671,1092" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img386" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img386.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img386.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="669" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img386.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-661" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img386.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img386.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img386.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img386.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img386.jpg 1671w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption><em>Side keys and headstock</em></figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="663" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img387/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img387.jpg" data-orig-size="1676,1092" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img387" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img387.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img387.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="667" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img387.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-663" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img387.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img387.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img387.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img387.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img387.jpg 1676w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption><em>Back keys, thumbhole and headstock</em></figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="673" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img402-1/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img402-1.jpg" data-orig-size="2461,3278" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1629905188","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img402-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img402-1.jpg?w=225" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img402-1.jpg?w=769" loading="lazy" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img402-1.jpg?w=769" alt="" class="wp-image-673" width="840" height="1119" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img402-1.jpg?w=840 840w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img402-1.jpg?w=1680 1680w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img402-1.jpg?w=113 113w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img402-1.jpg?w=225 225w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img402-1.jpg?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px" /><figcaption><em>Rough notes, measurements in mm</em>.</figcaption></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">The small chanter</h2> <p>The small chanter is sealed, meaning that it does not produce sound unless the keys are pressed. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="676" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img371/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img371.jpg" data-orig-size="1680,1056" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img371" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img371.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img371.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="643" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img371.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-676" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img371.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img371.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img371.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img371.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img371.jpg 1680w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption><em>Front side of the small chanter</em></figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="678" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img372/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img372.jpg" data-orig-size="1672,1056" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img372" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img372.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img372.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="646" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img372.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-678" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img372.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img372.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img372.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img372.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img372.jpg 1672w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <p><em>Headstock and back side of small chanter</em></p> <p>Small brass(?) tubes connect the two parts of the headstock and allow air to flow between them. Only this part of the headstock is attached to the bag.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image is-resized"><img data-attachment-id="317" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/musette_xray_small_chanter2/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter2.jpg" data-orig-size="600,213" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="musette_Xray_Small_Chanter2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter2.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter2.jpg?w=600" loading="lazy" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter2.jpg" alt="musette_Xray_Small_Chanter2" class="wp-image-317" width="613" height="218" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter2.jpg 600w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter2.jpg?w=150&h=53 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter2.jpg?w=300&h=107 300w" sizes="(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px" /><figcaption><em> Small chanter</em></figcaption></figure> <p></p> <figure class="wp-block-image is-resized"><img data-attachment-id="319" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/musette_xray_small_chanter/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter.jpg" data-orig-size="600,213" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Musette_Xray_Small_Chanter" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter.jpg?w=600" loading="lazy" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter.jpg" alt="Musette_Xray_Small_Chanter" class="wp-image-319" width="655" height="233" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter.jpg 600w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter.jpg?w=150&h=53 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/1999/02/musette_xray_small_chanter.jpg?w=300&h=107 300w" sizes="(max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px" /><figcaption><em>Side view of the small chanter, showing the incomplete bore.</em></figcaption></figure> <p></p> <p>The holes for the keys are all drilled, but don’t actually reach the bore of the instrument. The socket for the reed is also off center, implying that this part of the instrument was perhaps intended for show.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="729" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img403-3/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/img403-3.jpg" data-orig-size="2436,2983" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1629905228","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img403-3" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/img403-3.jpg?w=245" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/img403-3.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="836" height="1023" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/img403-3.jpg?w=836" alt="" class="wp-image-729" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/img403-3.jpg?w=836 836w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/img403-3.jpg?w=1672 1672w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/img403-3.jpg?w=122 122w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/img403-3.jpg?w=245 245w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/img403-3.jpg?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px" /></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Shuttle drones</h2> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="681" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img376/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg" data-orig-size="1676,1055" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img376" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-681" width="840" height="528" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg?w=840 840w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img376.jpg 1676w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px" /></figure> <p>Although well crafted on the outside, the interior of the drones are a mess – there is at least one slider that appears to be non-functional, and several bores that do not connect in a understandable way. See the notes at the bottom of this section.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="683" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img374/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img374.jpg" data-orig-size="1672,1055" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img374" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img374.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img374.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="646" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img374.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-683" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img374.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img374.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img374.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img374.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img374.jpg 1672w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="684" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img375/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img375.jpg" data-orig-size="1671,1055" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img375" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img375.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img375.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="646" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img375.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-684" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img375.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img375.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img375.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img375.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img375.jpg 1671w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="685" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img370/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img370.jpg" data-orig-size="1671,1056" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img370" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img370.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img370.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="647" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img370.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-685" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img370.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img370.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img370.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img370.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img370.jpg 1671w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption><em>Drone end cap and bellows connector</em></figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="687" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/top-reed-end/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/top-reed-end.jpg" data-orig-size="1667,1064" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="top-reed-end" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/top-reed-end.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/top-reed-end.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="653" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/top-reed-end.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-687" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/top-reed-end.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/top-reed-end.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/top-reed-end.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/top-reed-end.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/top-reed-end.jpg 1667w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption><em>Reed end (top)</em></figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="688" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/bottom-cover-end/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/bottom-cover-end.jpg" data-orig-size="1667,1064" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="bottom-cover-end" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/bottom-cover-end.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/bottom-cover-end.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="653" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/bottom-cover-end.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-688" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/bottom-cover-end.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/bottom-cover-end.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/bottom-cover-end.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/bottom-cover-end.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/bottom-cover-end.jpg 1667w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption><em>Cap end (bottom)</em></figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="739" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/musette-drones3/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/musette-drones3.jpg" data-orig-size="1584,1102" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="musette-drones3" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/musette-drones3.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/musette-drones3.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="712" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/musette-drones3.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-739" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/musette-drones3.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/musette-drones3.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/musette-drones3.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/musette-drones3.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/musette-drones3.jpg 1584w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption><em>Alignment of the top and bottom of the drones</em></figcaption></figure> <p>Although there are 5 sliders, one of the sliders does not appear to be functional. there are also three additional bores that do not appear to make sense. </p> <p>The drones, from highest pitch to lowest pitch are as follows:</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"><li>bore U, 3.5 mm diameter, no reed socket, opens to slider 1. Plug is missing from end opposite of reed. It is possible that this bore connects internally or was intended to connect with bore Z, making the drone W (socket), connected to Z, connected to U.</li><li>bore Q, 3.5 mm diameter, socket is 5 mm, connects to bore T, also 3.1 mm, opens to slider 2. Plug at reed end.</li><li>bore M, 2.5(?) mm diameter, socket is 4.5. Connects to bore P which opens to slider 3. Plug at reed end.</li><li>and 5. Bore A, 4.5 mm, socket is 6 mm, connected to bore D. Bore D is connected to bore E. Bore E is connected to bore H, which exits at slider 5. H is connected (although currently plugged) to bore I, which (I’m told in correspondence with Bart Van Troyen) should connect to bore L which opens at slider 4, allowing the drone to produce one of two notes, depending on which slider is opened, 4, or 5.This connection is either internal, or not completed in this instrument according to the photographs.</li></ol> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="696" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img393-1/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img393-1.jpg" data-orig-size="2856,809" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img393-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img393-1.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img393-1.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="290" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img393-1.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-696" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img393-1.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img393-1.jpg?w=2048 2048w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img393-1.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img393-1.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img393-1.jpg?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="697" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img396/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg" data-orig-size="5720,1619" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img396" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="289" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-697" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg?w=1021 1021w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg?w=2042 2042w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img396.jpg?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="698" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img397-4/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-4.jpg" data-orig-size="1168,1833" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1629904595","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img397-4" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-4.jpg?w=191" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-4.jpg?w=652" loading="lazy" width="652" height="1023" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-4.jpg?w=652" alt="" class="wp-image-698" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-4.jpg?w=652 652w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-4.jpg?w=96 96w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-4.jpg?w=191 191w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-4.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-4.jpg 1168w" sizes="(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="700" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img397-3/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-3.jpg" data-orig-size="1036,882" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1629904595","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img397-3" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-3.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-3.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="871" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-3.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-700" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-3.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-3.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-3.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-3.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img397-3.jpg 1036w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Bag and stocks</h2> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="702" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img384/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img384.jpg" data-orig-size="1667,1051" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img384" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img384.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img384.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="645" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img384.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-702" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img384.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img384.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img384.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img384.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img384.jpg 1667w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Complete bag</figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="705" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img380/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img380.jpg" data-orig-size="1667,1064" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img380" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img380.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img380.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="653" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img380.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-705" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img380.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img380.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img380.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img380.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img380.jpg 1667w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption><em>Chanter stock in bag</em></figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="707" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img381/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img381.jpg" data-orig-size="1655,1064" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="img381" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img381.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img381.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="658" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img381.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-707" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img381.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img381.jpg?w=150 150w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img381.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img381.jpg?w=768 768w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img381.jpg 1655w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Drone stock in bag.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="713" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img400-2/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img400-2.jpg" data-orig-size="2042,2512" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1629905073","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img400-2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img400-2.jpg?w=244" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img400-2.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="832" height="1023" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img400-2.jpg?w=832" alt="" class="wp-image-713" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img400-2.jpg?w=832 832w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img400-2.jpg?w=1664 1664w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img400-2.jpg?w=122 122w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img400-2.jpg?w=244 244w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img400-2.jpg?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img data-attachment-id="714" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/img401-2/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img401-2.jpg" data-orig-size="2235,2817" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1629905141","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img401-2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img401-2.jpg?w=238" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img401-2.jpg?w=788" loading="lazy" width="812" height="1023" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img401-2.jpg?w=812" alt="" class="wp-image-714" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img401-2.jpg?w=812 812w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img401-2.jpg?w=1624 1624w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img401-2.jpg?w=119 119w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img401-2.jpg?w=238 238w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/img401-2.jpg?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px" /></figure> <p></p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Additional notes</h2> <p><br>The Musette maker Bart Van Troyen has provided the following comments on this instrument:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"><li>some keys are in the wrong place,</li><li>petit chalumeau looks like a later addition.</li><li>Instrument in A=392 probably,</li><li>standard 18h century model.</li><li>Bottom part of grand chalumeau is always screwed on.</li><li>making threaded joints was fairly easy with their lathes. Nowadays it’s a complete mess, so far for progress.</li><li>The drones are standard 18th century model as well, with<ul><li>5 layettes,</li><li>4 reeds</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Connection of the bores:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"><li>6 bass bores with 2 layettes, DAEIHL</li><li>3 Taille bores with one layette, ZWU</li><li>2 Haute Contre QT</li><li>2 Dessus bores, each with one layette. MP</li><li>Bore diam in that order is 4.5, 3.5, 3.3 and 3mm. (taille can be 3.8, dessus can be 2.8 )</li><li>Bass bores are DAEIHL, taille ZWU, Haute Contre QT, dessus MP</li></ul> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">General information on the Musette de Cour</h2> <ul class="wp-block-list"><li><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://mimo-international.com/MIMO/search.aspx?SC=DEFAULT&QUERY=+Musette+de+cour#/Search/(query:(Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:'Musette%20de%20cour',ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:DEFAULT,SearchContext:0,SearchLabel:''))" target="_blank">Musical Instrument Museums online – Musette de cour</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musette_de_cour">Musette de cour</a> (Wikipedia)</li></ul> <p></p> <div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-311" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-311" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-311" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-107846770-311-67ef4d217dd01' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20250404#blog_id=107846770&post_id=311&origin=sohlblog.wordpress.com&obj_id=107846770-311-67ef4d217dd01&domain=sohl.com' data-name='like-post-frame-107846770-311-67ef4d217dd01' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> <div id='jp-relatedposts' class='jp-relatedposts' > <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> </div></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links"> Categories: <a href="https://sohl.com/category/historical-musical-instruments/" rel="category tag">Historical Musical Instruments</a> </span> <span class="tag-links"> Tags: <a href="https://sohl.com/tag/bagpipes/" rel="tag">bagpipes</a>, <a href="https://sohl.com/tag/court-musette/" rel="tag">court musette</a>, <a href="https://sohl.com/tag/musical-instruments/" rel="tag">musical instruments</a> </span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> </article><!-- #post-## --> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" role="navigation"> <h1 class="screen-reader-text">Post navigation</h1> <div class="nav-links"> <div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://sohl.com/2016/03/26/renaissance-3-hole-pipes/" rel="prev"><span class="meta-nav">←</span> Renaissance 3-Hole Pipes</a></div> </div><!-- .nav-links --> </nav><!-- .navigation --> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a comment <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/2021/08/27/311/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://sohl.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate> <div class="comment-form__verbum transparent"></div><div class="verbum-form-meta"><input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='311' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> <input type="hidden" name="highlander_comment_nonce" id="highlander_comment_nonce" value="a85726e5df" /> <input type="hidden" name="verbum_show_subscription_modal" value="" /></div><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="0eaf83e4e5" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="152"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div><!-- #respond --> </div><!-- #comments --> </main><!-- #main --> </div><!-- #primary --> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p></p> </aside><aside id="blog_subscription-7" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h1 class="widget-title"><label for="subscribe-field">Subscribe to Blog via Email</label></h1> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" data-blog="107846770" data-post_access_level="everybody" id="subscribe-blog" > <p>Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.</p> <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="subscribe-field-label" for="subscribe-field" class="screen-reader-text" > Email Address: </label> <input type="email" name="email" style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" placeholder="Email Address" value="" id="subscribe-field" required /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="107846770"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="9ad645a1ee" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" > Subscribe </button> </p> </form> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__subscount"> Join 32 other subscribers </div> </div> </aside> </div><!-- #secondary --> </div><!-- #content --> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div id="tertiary" class="widget-areas clear" role="complementary"> <div class="widget-area"> <aside id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h1 class="widget-title">Categories</h1> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-241560"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/acoustics/">acoustics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-468047237"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/american-instruments/">American instruments</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-172980313"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/historical-musical-instruments/">Historical Musical Instruments</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-200"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://sohl.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s"> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search"> <span class="genericon genericon-search"></span> </form> </aside> <aside id="recent-posts-3" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h1 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h1> <ul> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/" aria-current="page">Court Musette, late 17th Century</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2016/03/26/renaissance-3-hole-pipes/">Renaissance 3-Hole Pipes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2016/03/05/momma-told-me-thered-be-days-like-this/">Momma told me there’d be days like this</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/">The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind.</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/">Reconstructing the quills</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="recent-comments-3" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h1 class="widget-title">Recent Comments</h1> <table class="recentcommentsavatar" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr><td title="bull doze blues – dangblog" class="recentcommentsavatartop" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://dangblog.wordpress.com/2023/07/17/bull-doze-blues/" rel="nofollow"></a></td><td class="recentcommentstexttop" style=""><a href="https://dangblog.wordpress.com/2023/07/17/bull-doze-blues/" rel="nofollow">bull doze blues…</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/comment-page-1/#comment-3638">The Quills: the forgotten Amer…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="William Webster" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="http://Ragtimewillie.net" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=48&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=48&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=72&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=96&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=144&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=192&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="http://Ragtimewillie.net" rel="nofollow">William Webster</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/comment-page-1/#comment-1351">The Quills: the forgotten Amer…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind. | Sohl" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=72 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=96 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=144 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=192 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/" rel="nofollow">The Quills: the forg…</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/comment-page-1/#comment-6">Reconstructing the quills</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Cane | Sohl" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2011/01/02/cane/" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=72 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=96 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=144 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=192 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2011/01/02/cane/" rel="nofollow">Cane | Sohl</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/comment-page-1/#comment-5">The Quills: the forgotten Amer…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Reconstructing the quills | Sohl" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2007/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=72 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=96 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=144 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=192 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2007/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/" rel="nofollow">Reconstructing the q…</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/comment-page-1/#comment-4">The Quills: the forgotten Amer…</a></td></tr> </table> </aside><aside id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h1 class="widget-title">Categories</h1> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-241560"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/acoustics/">acoustics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-468047237"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/american-instruments/">American instruments</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-172980313"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/historical-musical-instruments/">Historical Musical Instruments</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-200"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </div><!-- #tertiary --> <div class="site-info"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_custom_powered" rel="nofollow">Website Powered by WordPress.com</a>. </div><!-- .site-info --> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <!-- --> <script type="speculationrules"> {"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"\/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["\/wp-*.php","\/wp-admin\/*","\/files\/*","\/wp-content\/*","\/wp-content\/plugins\/*","\/wp-content\/themes\/pub\/wilson\/*","\/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]} </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=2025147d8bf6c02970a26c6b0c26b0fcfc89796aa30f84307cffd8fd28d2bcca53dd7a" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgroho-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script> <script> // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars ( function() { function init() { if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { return; } if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { return; } Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); }; Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; Gravatar.init( 'body', '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', { i18n: { 'Edit your profile →': 'Edit your profile →', 'View profile →': 'View profile →', 'Contact': 'Contact', 'Send money': 'Send money', 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 'Profile not found.': 'Profile not found.', 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', }, } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div style="display:none"> <div class="grofile-hash-map-9e978c5ed8ba75df9a18f78f9e52642b"> </div> </div> <div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-wilson actnbr-has-follow actnbr-has-actions"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-comment" href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/#respond"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-comment" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M12 16l-5 5v-5H5c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v9c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-7z"/></g></svg> <span>Comment </span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-reblog" href=""> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-reblog" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M22.086 9.914L20 7.828V18c0 1.105-.895 2-2 2h-7v-2h7V7.828l-2.086 2.086L14.5 8.5 19 4l4.5 4.5-1.414 1.414zM6 16.172V6h7V4H6c-1.105 0-2 .895-2 2v10.172l-2.086-2.086L.5 15.5 5 20l4.5-4.5-1.414-1.414L6 16.172z"/></g></svg><span>Reblog</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://sohl.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=75&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=100&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=150&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=200&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> SOHL.COM </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 32 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="107846770" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="9ad645a1ee" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fsohl.com%252F2021%252F08%252F27%252F311%252F">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://sohl.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=75&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=100&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=150&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=200&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> SOHL.COM </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fsohl.com%252F2021%252F08%252F27%252F311%252F">Log in</a></li> <li class="actnbr-shortlink"> <a href="https://wp.me/p7ivS2-51"> <span class="actnbr-shortlink__text">Copy shortlink</span> <span class="actnbr-shortlink__icon"><svg class="gridicon gridicons-checkmark" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M9 19.414l-6.707-6.707 1.414-1.414L9 16.586 20.293 5.293l1.414 1.414"/></g></svg></span> </a> </li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/reader/blogs/107846770/posts/311"> View post in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20250116"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20250204"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay"> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="jp-carousel-container"> <!-- The Carousel Swiper --> <div class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper-container jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div> <!-- The main close buton --> <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <!-- Image info, comments and meta --> <div class="jp-carousel-info"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskComments)"> <rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading"> <span>Loading Comments...</span> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container"> <span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"> </span> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div> <form id="jp-carousel-comment-form"> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Write a Comment...</label> <textarea name="comment" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" placeholder="Write a Comment..." ></textarea> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as"> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Email (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Name (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Website</label> <input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" /> </fieldset> </div> <input type="submit" name="submit" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit" value="Post Comment" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> <h3 class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></h3> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> </div> <ul class="jp-carousel-image-exif" style="display: none;"></ul> <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0)"> <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> </a> <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/sohl.com\/2021\/08\/27\/311\/":311}; </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-2' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydjEEKgCAQAD+UrR6KLtFbTJfQdJXWxe9HUB/oOMMw0KtyhRpSgyyqJjkCMURs1brzZWAhyMVLQgZnryKMCbiHipfahXzC0TEP8H/2NZ94fltezbxMxkx61vEGx+U/hQ==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/js/mobile-useragent-info.js?m=1609849039i&ver=20241018" id="mobile-useragent-info-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="verbum-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.VerbumComments = {"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.","Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.","Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.":"Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.","Name":"Name","Email (address never made public)":"Email (address never made public)","Website (optional)":"Website (optional)","Leave a reply. (log in optional)":"Leave a reply. (log in optional)","Leave a comment. (log in optional)":"Leave a comment. (log in optional)","Log in to leave a reply.":"Log in to leave a reply.","Log in to leave a comment.":"Log in to leave a comment.","Logged in via %s":"Logged in via %s","Log out":"Log out","Email":"Email","(Address never made public)":"(Address never made public)","Instantly":"Instantly","Daily":"Daily","Reply":"Reply","Comment":"Comment","WordPress":"WordPress","Weekly":"Weekly","Notify me of new posts":"Notify me of new posts","Email me new posts":"Email me new posts","Email me new comments":"Email me new comments","Cancel":"Cancel","Write a comment...":"Write a comment...","Write a reply...":"Write a reply...","Website":"Website","Optional":"Optional","We'll keep you in the loop!":"We'll keep you in the loop!","Loading your comment...":"Loading your comment...","Discover more from":"Discover more from SOHL.COM","Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.":"Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.","Continue reading":"Continue reading","Never miss a beat!":"Never miss a beat!","Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!":"Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!","Enter your email address":"Enter your email address","Subscribe":"Subscribe","Comment sent successfully":"Comment sent successfully","Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.":"Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.","siteId":107846770,"postId":311,"mustLogIn":false,"requireNameEmail":true,"commentRegistration":false,"connectURL":"https:\/\/sohlblog.wordpress.com\/public.api\/connect\/?action=request&domain=sohl.com","logoutURL":"https:\/\/sohlblog.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?action=logout&_wpnonce=d4bd07c184","homeURL":"https:\/\/sohl.com\/","subscribeToBlog":true,"subscribeToComment":true,"isJetpackCommentsLoggedIn":false,"jetpackUsername":"","jetpackUserId":0,"jetpackSignature":"","jetpackAvatar":"https:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=identicon&r=G","enableBlocks":true,"enableSubscriptionModal":true,"currentLocale":"en","isJetpackComments":false,"allowedBlocks":["core\/paragraph","core\/list","core\/code","core\/list-item","core\/quote","core\/image","core\/embed","core\/quote","core\/code"],"embedNonce":"4215e91955","verbumBundleUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/features\/verbum-comments\/dist\/index.js","isRTL":false,"vbeCacheBuster":1738686361,"iframeUniqueId":0,"colorScheme":false} /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/likes/queuehandler.js?m=1741961244i'></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/assets/dynamic-loader.js?m=1741800217i&minify=false&ver=74baca08b8baf473b8a0" id="verbum-dynamic-loader-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="comment-like-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var comment_like_text = {"loading":"Loading...","swipeUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/comment-likes\/js\/lib\/swipe.js?ver=20131008"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="coblocks-loader-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcom_coblocks_js = {"coblocks_masonry_js":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/coblocks\/2.18.1-simple-rev.4\/dist\/js\/coblocks-masonry.min.js","coblocks_lightbox_js":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/coblocks\/2.18.1-simple-rev.4\/dist\/js\/coblocks-lightbox.min.js","jquery_core_js":"\/wp-includes\/js\/jquery\/jquery.min.js","jquery_migrate_js":"\/wp-includes\/js\/jquery\/jquery-migrate.min.js","masonry_js":"\/wp-includes\/js\/masonry.min.js","imagesloaded_js":"\/wp-includes\/js\/imagesloaded.min.js"}; var coblocksLigthboxData = {"closeLabel":"Close Gallery","leftLabel":"Previous","rightLabel":"Next"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/_inc\/build\/carousel\/swiper-bundle.min.js"}; var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/sohl.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"4915a34397","display_exif":"1","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size <span class=\"photo-size\">{0}<span class=\"photo-size-times\">\u00d7<\/span>{1}<\/span>","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/sohlblog.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fsohl.com%2F2021%2F08%2F27%2F311%2F","blog_id":"107846770","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"],"stats_query_args":"blog=107846770&v=wpcom&tz=0&user_id=0&subd=sohlblog","is_public":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydkNtOwzAQRH8Iewm98YL4lMqxnXTjq7x2Q/8et2kgRAhVvHlHc2ZnDWNkMvisfQZXWLSlR08gg3NVYhaNJhhWAh/oCRbgN9XaIA3BC29eecMIXbSaJX3mW1BIeUqaTMwGoXTiDv06L5+0q2tjaWFES8FfOS/O2IuM4TE7GYy1rTesC7IQ6/Bj5tBLW9TPu5KO9vJYl4oDyYQxszFWfk0svnHQOQpp7jNQ8XC84m1Bq0CKFApp+2Wbhd96LFKFQXI6sw1/nuJmoUs3s/qDnVdM1Vfjvy+hk0haCaUutyf6/n7Cu3trDttNs98ddvvhE1UX5t4='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20250404#ver=20250404' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="likes-text"><span>%d</span></div><ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul></div> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?68" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'107846770','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'107846770','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','post':'311','subd':'sohlblog'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE40eW5QN0p8M2Y/RE1mNzc2NTVTamdsd0xoLz9RQkM2K298TXY9bERQMXc2MjhEaVZfb2wwakRoSj0mUkp1THptM1NdbkV1WjZIcU9mVWQmPUIvMlN6Jk8wW3NYVEJ3dWZOWExuWD8zdyVKZFh2U2QyLjg1M1RIbGE0dlY2QWxQL01fUWNORH40SF1VNTNTTDVQZndtbHZIfFFrNFM5NUVGMGphVEFuLiwmTnJWVkNud2YrekZbaWswZG84SX5EKzM0JllLMENOb3hza35sR1tUQVs/L0JTRnFdPUlGcjNFU2tiM0kyaGxDMmxpXWJJW0EmQUgrfDlJWk58OCZwfltaJm8rV0NmVzVBJk5YMElvXUZkdGIzNEV+b1hhWHlPZWlVVEc0THNdX0JIeml6aHg/QjVddURZR3QuMitfQmx2fjAsaD85bUdqclRQJjg='}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '107846770', '311' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"enq_jquery":"1","logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/wilson","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" data-site-tz="Etc/GMT-0" src="/wp-content/js/bilmur-4.min.js?i=12&m=202514"></script><script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> <script type='disabled' id='wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:wp-i18n:after:1'> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script> (function() { 'use strict'; const fetches = {}; const promises = {}; const urls = { 'wp-polyfill': 'https://s1.wp.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?m=1727178113i&ver=3.15.0', 'wp-hooks': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v20.0.4/build/hooks/index.min.js?m=1741299224i&ver=84e753e2b66eb7028d38', 'wp-i18n': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v20.0.4/build/i18n/index.min.js?m=1741299224i&ver=bd5a2533e717a1043151', 'verbum': 'https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.js?m=1739372488i&minify=false&ver=9d441fa76e2f0f23ffc9' }; const loaders = { 'verbum': () => { fetchExternalScript('wp-polyfill'); fetchExternalScript('wp-hooks'); fetchExternalScript('wp-i18n'); fetchExternalScript('verbum'); promises['wp-polyfill'] = promises['wp-polyfill'] || loadWPScript('wp-polyfill'); promises['wp-hooks'] = promises['wp-hooks'] || promises['wp-polyfill'].then( () => loadWPScript('wp-hooks') ); promises['wp-i18n'] = promises['wp-i18n'] || Promise.all( [ promises['wp-hooks'], promises['wp-polyfill'], ] ).then( () => loadWPScript('wp-i18n') ); promises['verbum'] = promises['verbum'] || Promise.all( [ promises['wp-polyfill'], promises['wp-i18n'], ] ).then( () => loadWPScript('verbum') ); return promises['verbum']; }, }; const scriptExtras = { 'wp-i18n': { translations: 0, before: 0, after: 1 }, }; window.WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script = { loadScript: (handle) => { if (!loaders[handle]) { console.error('WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script: unregistered script `' + handle + '`.'); } return loaders[handle](); } }; function fetchExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } fetches[handle] = fetches[handle] || fetch(urls[handle], { mode: 'no-cors' }); return fetches[handle]; } function runExtraScript(handle, type, index) { const id = 'wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:' + handle + ':' + type + ':' + (index + 1); const template = document.getElementById(id); if (!template) { return Promise.reject(); } const script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.innerHTML = template.innerHTML; document.body.appendChild( script ); return Promise.resolve(); } function loadExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } return fetches[handle].then(() => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.onload = () => resolve(); script.onerror = (e) => reject(e); script.src = urls[handle]; document.body.appendChild(script); }); }); } function loadExtra(handle, pos) { const count = (scriptExtras[handle] && scriptExtras[handle][pos]) || 0; let promise = Promise.resolve(); for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { promise = promise.then(() => runExtraScript(handle, pos, i)); } return promise; } function loadWPScript(handle) { // Core loads scripts in this order. See: https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/a59eb9d39c4fcba834b70c9e8dfd64feeec10ba6/wp-includes/class-wp-scripts.php#L428. return loadExtra(handle, 'translations') .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'before')) .then(() => loadExternalScript(handle)) .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'after')); } } )(); </script> </body> </html>