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– Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:أصد للإسبانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় স্পেনীয় শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় স্পেনীয় শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcripci%C3%B3n_fon%C3%A9tica_del_espa%C3%B1ol_con_el_Alfabeto_Fon%C3%A9tico_Internacional" title="Transcripción fonética del español con el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transcripción fonética del español con el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای/اسپانیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای/اسپانیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Spanish" title="Wikipedia:IPA for Spanish – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Wikipedia:IPA for Spanish" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:IPA_for_Spanish" title="विकिपीडिया:IPA for Spanish – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:IPA for Spanish" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Spanyol" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Spanyol – 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href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:AFI/Spanuel" title="Aiuto:AFI/Spanuel – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aiuto:AFI/Spanuel" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:IPA_chart_for_Spanish" title="സഹായം:IPA chart for Spanish – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സഹായം:IPA chart for Spanish" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_IPA" title="ਮਦਦ:ਸਪੇਨੀ ਲਈ IPA – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦਦ:ਸਪੇਨੀ ਲਈ IPA" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:AFI_para_castelhano" title="Wikipédia:AFI para castelhano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:AFI para castelhano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/Spanish" title="උදවු:IPA/Spanish – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:IPA/Spanish" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish – Simple English" lang="en-simple" 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ⵜⵎⵙⵍⵉⵡⵜ/ⵜⴰⵙⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ:ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⵉⵡⵜ/ⵜⴰⵙⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3646248#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="View the help page [c]" accesskey="c">Help 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.mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"/></td><td class="mbox-text">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Spanish on Wikipedia.<div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Spanish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Spanish" title="Help talk:IPA/Spanish">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-ES&redirect=no">H:IPA-ES</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Spanish</div> The charts below show how the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a> represents <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. For terms that are more relevant to regions that have not undergone <a href="/wiki/Ye%C3%ADsmo" title="Yeísmo">yeísmo</a> (where words such as haya and halla are pronounced differently), words spelled with ⟨ll⟩ can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʎ⟩. This unmerged pronunciation predominates in the Andes, lowland Bolivia, Paraguay, some rural regions of Spain and some of northern Spain's urban upper class.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> For terms that are more relevant to regions that have <a href="/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Spanish_coronal_fricatives" title="Phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives">seseo</a> (where words such as caza and casa are pronounced the same), words spelled with ⟨z⟩ or ⟨c⟩ (the latter only before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩) can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨s⟩. This pronunciation is most commonly found outside mainland Spain. In all other cases, if a local pronunciation is made, it should be labeled as "local" (e.g. <code>{{IPA|es|...|local}}</code>). See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Spanish, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">Spanish dialects and varieties</a> for regional variation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Key" data-mw-thread-id="h-Key">Key</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Key">edit</a>]</div> <table style="background: none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th rowspan="2">Examples</th> <th rowspan="2">English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="European Spanish">EU</abbr></th> <th><abbr title="Latin American Spanish">LA</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></big><a href="#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a> </td> <td>bebé, ambos, viva, envío </td> <td>about </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced bilabial approximant">β</a></big> </td> <td>bebé, fútbol, viva, apto<a href="#cite_note-coda-3">[3]</a> </td> <td>about, but without lips completely closed </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></big><a href="#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a> </td> <td>dedo, andar, aldea </td> <td>day </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental approximant">ð</a></big> </td> <td>dedo, arde, sed, ritmo<a href="#cite_note-coda-3">[3]</a> </td> <td>other </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></big><a href="#cite_note-voicing-4">[4]</a> </td> <td>faro, Dafne </td> <td>face </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a> </td> <td>galgo, lengua, guerra </td> <td>again </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɣ</a></big> </td> <td>galgo, signo, águila, acto<a href="#cite_note-coda-3">[3]</a> </td> <td>again, but without the tongue touching the roof of the mouth </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">ʝ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-yeísmo-5">[5]</a> </td> <td>haya, blue jeans, manager </td> <td>beyond </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_affricate" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-yeísmo-5">[5]</a> </td> <td>ya, enyeso, hielo, jet, gin </td> <td>jet </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></big> </td> <td>caso, que, kilo, rock </td> <td>scan </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></big> </td> <td>luna, hala, ballet </td> <td>lean </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></big><a href="#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a> </td> <td>meta, cama, ámbar </td> <td>mother </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a> </td> <td>inflar </td> <td>comfort </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></big><a href="#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a> </td> <td>ni, cana, sin, álbum, parking </td> <td>need </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a> </td> <td>ñu, caña, cónyuge </td> <td>canyon </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a> </td> <td>tengo </td> <td>sing </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></big> </td> <td>pato, lupa </td> <td>spin </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></big><a href="#cite_note-rhotics-7">[7]</a> </td> <td>río, carro, honra, abrogar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a> run - <a href="/wiki/Trilled_r" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilled r">trilled r</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-rhotics-7">[7]</a> </td> <td>brío, caro, por </td> <td>atom (with <a href="/wiki/Flapping" title="Flapping">flapping</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></big><a href="#cite_note-voicing-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-aspiration-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-seseo-9">[9]</a> </td> <td>saco, casa, está, xenón </td> <td>between sip and ship (<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative#Retracted_alveolar" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">retracted</a>) (<abbr title="European Spanish">EU</abbr>), sip (<abbr title="Latin American Spanish">LA</abbr>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-voicing-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-seseo-9">[9]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></big><a href="#cite_note-voicing-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-aspiration-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-seseo-9">[9]</a> </td> <td>cera, zoo, caza, juzgar </td> <td>thing (<abbr title="European Spanish">EU</abbr>), sip (<abbr title="Latin American Spanish">LA</abbr>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </td> <td>show, Rocher, Freixenet, beige </td> <td>shack </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></big> </td> <td>tamiz </td> <td>stand </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></big> </td> <td>chico, bridge </td> <td>choose </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></big><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </td> <td>jarra, gen, México,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> hall<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </td> <td>Scottish loch </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-yeísmo-5">[5]</a> </td> <td>lluvia, halla, el yeso </td> <td>million </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></big> </td> <td>paso </td> <td>father </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></big> </td> <td>peso </td> <td>berry </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></big> </td> <td>piso, y, jeep </td> <td>see </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o</a></big> </td> <td>poso </td> <td>more </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></big> </td> <td>puso, look, tour </td> <td>cool </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Semivowels</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></big> </td> <td>Viena, rey </td> <td>yet </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></big><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Huila, auto, argüir, web, ouija </td> <td>wine </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">Stress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syllabification" title="Syllabification">syllabification</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">ˈ</a></big> </td> <td>ciudad [θjuˈðað] </td> <td>domain </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">.</a></big> </td> <td>mío [ˈmi.o] </td> <td>Leo </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Spanish_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Spanish IPA">Category:Pages with Spanish IPA</a> (8,178)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPenny2000">Penny (2000</a>:120, 132, 147) </li> <li id="cite_note-approximants-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-approximants_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-approximants_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-approximants_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-approximants_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-approximants_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-approximants_2-5">f</a> /b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ/ are pronounced as <a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">fricatives</a> or <a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">approximants</a> [β, ð, ɣ, ʝ] in all places except after a pause, /n/ or /m/, or in the case of /d/ and /ɟʝ/, after /l/. In the latter environments, they are stops [b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ] like English ⟨b, d, g, j⟩, but are fully voiced in all positions, unlike in English. When it is distinct from /ʝ/, /ʎ/ is realized as an approximant [ʎ] in all positions (<a href="#CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003">Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003</a>:257-8). </li> <li id="cite_note-coda-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coda_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coda_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coda_3-2">c</a> The distinction between /p, t, k/ and /b, d, ɡ/ is lost in word-internal syllable-final positions. The resulting realization varies from [p, t, k] to [b, d, ɡ] to [β, ð, ɣ] to [ɸ, θ, x], with voiced approximants/fricatives (i.e. [β, ð, ɣ]) being the usual form in conversational style (<a href="#CITEREFHualde2005">Hualde 2005</a>:146). </li> <li id="cite_note-voicing-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-voicing_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-voicing_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-voicing_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-voicing_4-3">d</a> When preceding a voiced consonant, /s, θ, f, ʃ/ may be voiced ([<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]), but since this is variable (<a href="#CITEREFCampos-Astorkiza2018">Campos-Astorkiza 2018</a>:174), /s, θ, f, ʃ/ are always transcribed with ⟨s, θ, f, ʃ⟩ in this system. </li> <li id="cite_note-yeísmo-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yeísmo_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yeísmo_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yeísmo_5-2">c</a> Most speakers no longer distinguish /ʎ/ from /ʝ/; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. See <a href="/wiki/Ye%C3%ADsmo" title="Yeísmo">yeísmo</a> and <a href="#CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003">Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003</a>:258) for more information. </li> <li id="cite_note-nasals-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasals_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasals_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasals_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasals_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasals_6-4">e</a> <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasals</a> always <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(phonology)" title="Assimilation (phonology)">assimilate</a> their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before <a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">velars</a>, they are [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>], and before <a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">labials</a>, they are [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>]. The labiodental [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a>] appears before /f/. </li> <li id="cite_note-rhotics-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rhotics_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rhotics_7-1">b</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">rhotic consonants</a>, [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>] and [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>], only contrast word-medially between vowels, where they are usually spelled ⟨rr⟩ and ⟨r⟩, respectively. Otherwise, they are in <a href="/wiki/Complementary_distribution" title="Complementary distribution">complementary distribution</a>: Word-initially, stem-initially, and after /l, n, s/, only [r] is found; before a consonant or pause, the two are interchangeable, but [ɾ] is more common (hence so represented here). Elsewhere, only [ɾ] is found. When two rhotics occur consecutively across a word or prefix boundary they result in one long trill, which is transcribed with ⟨ɾr⟩ in this key: dar rocas [daɾ ˈrokas], superrápido [supeɾˈrapiðo] (<a href="#CITEREFHualde2005">Hualde 2005</a>:184). </li> <li id="cite_note-aspiration-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aspiration_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aspiration_8-1">b</a> In much of Hispanic America and in the southern half of Spain, /s/ in syllable-final positions is either pronounced as [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>] or not pronounced at all. In transcriptions linked to this key, however, it is always represented by ⟨s⟩. </li> <li id="cite_note-seseo-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seseo_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-seseo_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-seseo_9-2">c</a> Northern and Central Spain distinguish between ⟨s⟩ (/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/) and soft ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩ (/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical, either pronouncing them as /s/ (seseo) in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and some parts of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, or as /θ/ (ceceo) in most of Andalusia. In areas with the distinction, the alveolar sibilant is typically more <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative#Retracted_alveolar" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">retracted</a> (often perceived as closer to the sound represented by ⟨sh⟩ in ship) than in areas with seseo. Contrary to yeísmo, seseo and ceceo are not <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemic merger">phonemic mergers</a> but the outcome of a different evolution of sibilants in southern Spain in comparison with northern and central dialects. See <a href="/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Spanish_coronal_fricatives" title="Phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives">phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives</a> and <a href="#CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003">Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003</a>:258) for more information. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> /ʃ/ is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>] or [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]; e.g. show [tʃow]~[sow]. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> /x/ is pronounced as [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>] in many accents such as those in the Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands (<a href="#CITEREFHualde2005">Hualde 2005</a>:156). It is pronounced as [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a>] in northern Peninsular Spanish (<a href="#CITEREFColoma2012">Coloma 2012</a>:3, 17). </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> The letter ⟨x⟩ represents /x/ only in certain proper names like Ximena and some placenames in current or former Mexico (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> The letter ⟨h⟩ represents /x/ only in loanwords; in native words it is always silent, unless it is a part of the digraph ⟨ch⟩. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> [j, w] are allophones of /i, u/ that manifest when unstressed and adjacent to another vowel. Mid vowels /e, o/ may also be realized as semivowels, as in [ˈpo̯eta, ˈmae̯stɾo] (poeta, maestro). Semivocalic realizations of /e, o/ may in addition be raised to [j, w], as in [ˈpweta, ˈmajstɾo], which is common in Latin America, but stigmatized in Spain (<a href="#CITEREFHualdeSimonetTorreira2008">Hualde, Simonet & Torreira 2008</a>:1911). Since both these phenomena are optional and predictable, they are not reflected in transcription ([poˈeta, maˈestɾo]). </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Some speakers may pronounce word-initial [w] with an <a href="/wiki/Epenthesis" title="Epenthesis">epenthetic</a> [ɡ] (e.g. Huila [ˈɡwila]~[ˈwila]). </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCampos-Astorkiza2018" class="citation cs2">Campos-Astorkiza, Rebeka (2018), "Consonants", in Geeslin, Kimberly L. (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Spanish Linguistics, Cambridge University Press, pp. 165–189, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316779194.009">10.1017/9781316779194.009</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-17482-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-17482-5"><bdi>978-1-107-17482-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consonants&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Handbook+of+Spanish+Linguistics&rft.pages=165-189&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316779194.009&rft.isbn=978-1-107-17482-5&rft.aulast=Campos-Astorkiza&rft.aufirst=Rebeka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColoma2012" class="citation journal cs1">Coloma, Germán (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicacions.ub.edu/revistes/dialectologia9/documentos/742.pdf">"The importance of ten phonetic characteristics to define dialect areas in Spanish"</a> (PDF). Dialectologia. 9. Barcelona: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Universitat de Barcelona</a>: 1–26. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2013-2247">2013-2247</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialectologia&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+ten+phonetic+characteristics+to+define+dialect+areas+in+Spanish&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=1-26&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=2013-2247&rft.aulast=Coloma&rft.aufirst=Germ%C3%A1n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicacions.ub.edu%2Frevistes%2Fdialectologia9%2Fdocumentos%2F742.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHualde2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ignacio_Hualde" title="José Ignacio Hualde">Hualde, José Ignacio</a> (2005), The Sounds of Spanish, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-54538-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-54538-2"><bdi>0-521-54538-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+Spanish&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-521-54538-2&rft.aulast=Hualde&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Ignacio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHualdeSimonetTorreira2008" class="citation cs2">Hualde, José Ignacio; Simonet, Miquel; Torreira, Francisco (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/559143">"Postlexical contraction of nonhigh vowels in Spanish"</a>, Lingua, 118 (12): 1906–1925, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.lingua.2007.10.004">10.1016/j.lingua.2007.10.004</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lingua&rft.atitle=Postlexical+contraction+of+nonhigh+vowels+in+Spanish&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1906-1925&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.lingua.2007.10.004&rft.aulast=Hualde&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Ignacio&rft.au=Simonet%2C+Miquel&rft.au=Torreira%2C+Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F559143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003" class="citation cs2">Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/39B1C556856D62AF8FC53D3F22435750/S0025100303001373a.pdf/castilian_spanish.pdf">"Castilian Spanish"</a> (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0025100303001373">10.1017/s0025100303001373</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Castilian+Spanish&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=255-259&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0025100303001373&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Planas%2C+Ana+Ma.&rft.au=Carrera-Sabat%C3%A9%2C+Josefina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F39B1C556856D62AF8FC53D3F22435750%2FS0025100303001373a.pdf%2Fcastilian_spanish.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenny2000" class="citation book cs1">Penny, Ralph J. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/variationchangei0000penn/page/n5/mode/2up">Variation and change in Spanish</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781139164566">10.1017/CBO9781139164566</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521780454" title="Special:BookSources/0521780454"><bdi>0521780454</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Variation+and+change+in+Spanish&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9781139164566&rft.isbn=0521780454&rft.aulast=Penny&rft.aufirst=Ralph+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvariationchangei0000penn%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" 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title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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