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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Tunisian Arabic on Wikipedia.</b><div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Tunisian Arabic in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Help talk:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:IPA-AEB"></span><span id="H:IPATU"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-AEB&redirect=no">H:IPA-AEB</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPATU&redirect=no">H:IPATU</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Tunisian Arabic</div> <p>The charts below show the way in which the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a> represents <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian Arabic</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. </p> <table style="background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <th>Example </th> <th>IPA </th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>B</b>allûna</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[balˈluːna]</span></td> <td><b>b</b>oy </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>d</b>âr</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[daːr]</span></td> <td><b>d</b>uck </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>ð</b>êb</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ðɛːb]</span></td> <td><b>th</b>en </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">ðˤ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>ðgħ</b>âhăr</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ðˤa:hər]</span></td> <td><b>th</b>at, but <a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">pharyngealised</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-affricate_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-affricate-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>ḑ</b>êyăr</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈd͡zɛːjər]</span></td> <td>pa<b>ds</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>j</b>ĭlâtgħ</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʒɪˈlaːtˤ]</span></td> <td>vi<b>si</b>on </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>f</b>oşîtgħà</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[fɔrˈʃiːtˤa]</span></td> <td><b>f</b>our </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>g</b>atgħtgħù</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[gaˈtˤtˤu]</span></td> <td><b>g</b>ame </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>h</b>akêkà</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[haˈkɛːka]</span></td> <td><b>h</b>elp </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>ħ</b>âkăm</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈħaːkəm]</span></td> <td><b>h</b>ello, but <a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">pharyngeal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>y</b>ûm</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[juːm]</span></td> <td><b>y</b>es </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>k</b>alb</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kalb]</span></td> <td>s<b>c</b>ar </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>l</b>ĭbsà</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈlɪbsa]</span></td> <td><b>l</b>ook </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>m</b>râ</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mra:]</span></td> <td><b>m</b>ole </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>n</b>êb</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nɛːb]</span></td> <td>bi<b>n</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>ŧ</b>lêŧà</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈθlɛːθa]</span></td> <td><b>th</b>ing </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>q</b>dîm</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qdiːm]</span></td> <td><b>c</b>up, but <a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">uvular</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-pv_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pv-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>p</b>îsîn</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[piːˈsiːn]</span></td> <td>s<b>p</b>at </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>r</b>ay</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[raj]</span></td> <td><b>r</b>ight <i>(<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">Trilled R</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>s</b>qàf</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sqaf]</span></td> <td><b>s</b>ow </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>ş</b>àrka</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈʃarka]</span></td> <td><b>sh</b>ell </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>t</b>ûba</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tu:ba]</span></td> <td>s<b>t</b>ake </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-affricate_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-affricate-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>ç</b>îşa</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t͡ʃiːʃa]</span></td> <td><b>ch</b>ew </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-pv_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pv-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">tàl<b>v</b>za</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtalvza]</span></td> <td><b>v</b>et </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>w</b>àrda</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈwarda]</span></td> <td><b>w</b>all </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>ķ</b>âtăm</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈxa:təm]</span></td> <td>lo<b>ch</b> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">mà<b>ğ</b>răb</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmaʁrəb]</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <b>r</b>ouge <i>(<a href="/wiki/Guttural_R" title="Guttural R">Guttural R</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>z</b>lêbyà</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈzlɛːbja]</span></td> <td><b>z</b>oo </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb"><b>għ</b>òrśan</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈʕɔrsˤa]</span></td> <td>No equivalent; Standard Arabic <a href="/wiki/%27ayn" class="mw-redirect" title="'ayn">'ayn</a> (ع) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">yĭ<b>ś</b>ăl</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈjɪsʔəl]</span></td> <td>The pause in uh-oh!; <a href="/wiki/Cockney" title="Cockney">Cockney</a> bu<b>tt</b>on </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <th>Example </th> <th>IPA </th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">kab</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kab]</span></td> <td>between c<b>a</b>t and f<b>a</b>ther<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">għlêş</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʕˈlɛːʃ]</span></td> <td>b<b>e</b>d </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">ðgħâhăr</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ðˤa:hər]</span></td> <td>kill<b>e</b>r </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">gĭd</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[gɪd]</span></td> <td>b<b>i</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">fìsagħ</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈfisaʕ]</span></td> <td>m<b>ee</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">mòķ</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɔχ]</span></td> <td>c<b>o</b>re </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></big></td> <td><span title="Tunisian Arabic-language text"><i lang="aeb">măhûş</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[məˈhuːʃ]</span></td> <td>c<b>oo</b>l </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Suprasegmental" class="mw-redirect" title="Suprasegmental">Suprasegmentals</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="60px"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌ˤ</span></big></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">pharyngealised vowel or consonant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌ː</span></big></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">long vowel</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-affricate-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-affricate_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-affricate_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rarely used, for example <i>tšīša</i>, <i>dzīṛa</i> and <i>dzāyir</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pv-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pv_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pv_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> are found in borrowed words and they are usually replaced by <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span>, like in <i>ḅāḅūr</i> and <i>ḅāla</i>. However, they are preserved in some words, like <i>pīsīn</i> and <i>talvza</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-talmoudi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-talmoudi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Usually dropped but tends to occur in the learned <a href="/wiki/Register_(sociolinguistics)" title="Register (sociolinguistics)">register</a>, in loans from standard Arabic, often in <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">maṣdar</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Verbal_noun" title="Verbal noun">verbal noun</a>) forms at the onset of the word, but also in other words like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/jɪsʔɪl/</span> "he asks", though many speakers substitute <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>/</span> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span> in the latter word.<sup id="cite_ref-gibson_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Closer to <i>c<b>a</b>t</i> in most varities of <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish English">Irish</a> English, and to <i>f<b>a</b>ther</i> in most varities of <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand</a> English</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBen_Farah2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ben Farah, A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00593352/document">"Les affriquées en dialectal tunisien"</a>. <i>Atlas linguistique de Tunisie</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+linguistique+de+Tunisie&rft.atitle=Les+affriqu%C3%A9es+en+dialectal+tunisien&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Ben+Farah&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhalshs.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhalshs-00593352%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FTunisian+Arabic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-talmoudi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-talmoudi_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalmoudi1979" class="citation book cs1">Talmoudi, Fathi (1979). <i>The Arabic Dialect of Sûsa (Tunisia)</i>. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7346-079-6" title="Special:BookSources/91-7346-079-6"><bdi>91-7346-079-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabic+Dialect+of+S%C3%BBsa+%28Tunisia%29&rft.place=G%C3%B6teborg&rft.pub=Acta+Universitatis+Gothoburgensis&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=91-7346-079-6&rft.aulast=Talmoudi&rft.aufirst=Fathi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FTunisian+Arabic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gibson-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gibson_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2009" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, M. (2009). "Tunis Arabic". <i>Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics</i>. Vol. 4. pp. 563–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14973-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14973-1"><bdi>978-90-04-14973-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tunis+Arabic&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arabic+Language+and+Linguistics&rft.pages=563-71&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-14973-1&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FTunisian+Arabic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger1981" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Singer, H. R. (1981). "Zum arabischen Dialekt von Valencia". <i>Oriens</i> (in German). 27–28 (1): 317–323. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18778372-02702801010">10.1163/18778372-02702801010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oriens&rft.atitle=Zum+arabischen+Dialekt+von+Valencia&rft.volume=27%E2%80%9328&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=317-323&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18778372-02702801010&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=H.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FTunisian+Arabic" class="Z3988"></span>‏</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Tunisian_Arabic_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Tunisian Arabic IPA">Category:Pages with Tunisian Arabic IPA</a> (7)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_keys" title="Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_keys" title="Template talk:IPA keys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandinka" title="Help:IPA/Mandinka">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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