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.ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Bengali on Wikipedia.</b><div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Bengali in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Bengali" title="Help talk:IPA/Bengali">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:IPA-BN"></span><span id="H:IPAB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-BN&redirect=no">H:IPA-BN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPAB&redirect=no">H:IPAB</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Bengali</div> <p>Charts below show the way in which the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a> represents <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Bengali_phonology" title="Bengali phonology">Bengali phonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali alphabet</a> for a more thorough look at the sounds of Bengali. </p> <table style="background:none;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Bengali</th> <th>Examples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO 15919</a></th> <th>English Approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span></big> </td> <td>ব</td> <td><b>বা</b>লি</td> <td>b</td> <td style="text-align:left;">a<b>b</b>ash </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">bʱ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-Voiced_bilabial_stop_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voiced_bilabial_stop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ভ</td> <td><b>ভী</b>রু</td> <td>bh</td> <td style="text-align:left;">clu<b>bh</b>ouse </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronalstops_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronalstops-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>দ</td> <td><b>দা</b>ম</td> <td>d</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>d</b>eal (<a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a>), <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian</a> <b>th</b>e </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">dʱ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronalstops_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronalstops-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ধ</td> <td><b>ধা</b>রা</td> <td>dh</td> <td style="text-align:left;">re<b>dh</b>ead (dental), Indian <b>th</b>at </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronalstops_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronalstops-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ড</td> <td><b>ডু</b>মুর</td> <td>ḍ</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American</a> bir<b>d</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">ɖʱ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronalstops_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronalstops-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ঢ</td> <td><b>ঢো</b>ল</td> <td>ḍh</td> <td style="text-align:left;">American bir<b>dh</b>ouse </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span></big> </td> <td>জ, য<sup id="cite_ref-Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voiced_alveolar_sibilant-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><b>জ</b>ল <b>য</b>বন</td> <td>j</td> <td style="text-align:left;">he<b>dg</b>e </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">d͡ʒʱ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ঝ</td> <td><b>ঝা</b>উ</td> <td>jh</td> <td style="text-align:left;">he<b>dgeh</b>og </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span></big> </td> <td>গ</td> <td><b>গ</b>ম</td> <td>g</td> <td style="text-align:left;">a<b>g</b>ate </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">ɡʱ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ঘ</td> <td>বা<b>ঘা</b></td> <td>gh</td> <td style="text-align:left;">lo<b>gh</b>ouse </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a></span></big> </td> <td rowspan="2">হ, ঃ<sup id="cite_ref-glottal_fricative_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glottal_fricative-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2">ম<b>হা</b>ন <b>বাঃ</b></td> <td rowspan="2">h</td> <td style="text-align:left;">be<b>h</b>ind </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>h</b>ead </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></big> </td> <td>ক</td> <td><b>ক</b>লম</td> <td>k</td> <td style="text-align:left;">s<b>c</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span></big> </td> <td>খ, ক্ষ</td> <td>শা<b>খা, ক্ষ</b>মা</td> <td>kh</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>c</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span></big> </td> <td>ল</td> <td>মা<b>লি</b>নী</td> <td>l</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>l</b>eaf </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span></big> </td> <td>ম</td> <td><b>মা</b>নুষ</td> <td>m</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>m</b>uch </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></big> </td> <td>ন, ণ</td> <td><b>নী</b>লা ,বা<b>ণ</b></td> <td>n</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>n</b>ot </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ঙ, ং</td> <td>বা<b>ঙা</b>লি <b>অং</b>শ</td> <td>ṅ</td> <td style="text-align:left;">si<b>ng</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></big> </td> <td>প</td> <td><b>পা</b>কা</td> <td>p</td> <td style="text-align:left;">s<b>p</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-Voiceless_bilabial_stop_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voiceless_bilabial_stop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ফ</td> <td><b>ফ</b>ল</td> <td>ph</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>p</b>in </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">r</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-rhotic_r_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhotic_r-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>র,‍‍ র্ক, (র্), ‍‍্র</td> <td>বি<b>রা</b>ম, ত<b>র্ক, শ্র</b>ম</td> <td>r</td> <td style="text-align:left;">American a<b>t</b>om or <b>r</b>ing (<i><a href="/wiki/Flap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap consonant">flapped</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">trilled</a></i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ড়, ঢ়</td> <td>ব<b>ড়</b> দৃ<b>ঢ়</b></td> <td>ṛ</td> <td style="text-align:left;">American la<b>rd</b>er </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span></big> </td> <td>স</td> <td><b>সে</b>লাম</td> <td>s</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>s</b>ue </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td>শ, ষ, স</td> <td>ম<b>শা</b> <b>ষা</b>ট <b>স</b>ময়</td> <td>ś</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>sh</b>oe </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronalstops_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronalstops-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ত, ৎ</td> <td><b>ত</b>মাল উ<b>ৎ</b>স</td> <td>t</td> <td style="text-align:left;">ge<b>t</b> (dental), Indian <b>th</b>ink </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronalstops_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronalstops-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>থ</td> <td><b>থা</b>বা</td> <td>th</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>t</b>ub (dental), Indian <b>th</b>ought </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronalstops_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronalstops-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ট</td> <td>ব<b>ট</b></td> <td>ṭ</td> <td style="text-align:left;">American par<b>t</b>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">ʈʰ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronalstops_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronalstops-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ঠ</td> <td>কা<b>ঠু</b>রে</td> <td>ṭh</td> <td style="text-align:left;">American par<b>t</b>ake </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td>চ</td> <td>মু<b>চি</b></td> <td>c</td> <td style="text-align:left;">ca<b>tch</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">t͡ʃʰ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ছ</td> <td><b>ছা</b>গল</td> <td>ch</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>ch</b>oose </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Marginal consonants </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-Voiced_bilabial_stop_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voiced_bilabial_stop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ভ</td> <td><b>ভি</b>সা</td> <td>v</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>v</b>ery </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span></big> </td> <td>য়<sup id="cite_ref-palatalapproximant_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palatalapproximant-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ন<b>য়</b>ন</td> <td>y</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>y</b>es </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-Voiceless_bilabial_stop_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voiceless_bilabial_stop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ফ</td> <td><b>ফ্যা</b>ন</td> <td>f</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>f</b>ind </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ও, উ</td> <td><b>ও</b>য়াদা, <b>উ</b>ইলিয়াম</td> <td>v</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>w</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span></big> </td> <td>জ, য<sup id="cite_ref-Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voiced_alveolar_sibilant-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><b>জা</b>কাত <b>যি</b>য়ারত</td> <td>z</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>z</b>ip </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ণ<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>বা<b>ণ</b></td> <td>ṇ</td> <td style="text-align:left;">American bur<b>n</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Monophthong" title="Monophthong">Monophthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Bengali</th> <th>Examples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO 15919</a></th> <th>English Approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></big> </td> <td>অ, প</td> <td><b>অ</b>মর</td> <td>a</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>o</b>ff </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">a</a></span></big> </td> <td>আ, পা</td> <td><b>আ</b>ঙিনা</td> <td>ā</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a> f<b>a</b>ther, <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a> c<b>u</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>অ্যা, প্যা, এ, পে</td> <td><b>ত্যা</b>গ <b>খে</b>লা</td> <td>ae/æ</td> <td style="text-align:left;">tr<b>a</b>p </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></big> </td> <td>ই, পি, ঈ, পী</td> <td><b>দি</b>ন <b>দী</b>ন</td> <td>i</td> <td style="text-align:left;">b<b>ea</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></big> </td> <td>উ, পু, ঊ, পূ</td> <td><b>কু</b>ল <b>কূ</b>ল</td> <td>u</td> <td style="text-align:left;">c<b>oo</b>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></big> </td> <td>এ, পে</td> <td><b>মে</b>দিনী</td> <td>ē</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Scottish m<b>ay</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></big> </td> <td>ও, পো, অ, প</td> <td><b>ও</b>জন <b>অ</b>ঙ্কুর</td> <td>ō</td> <td style="text-align:left;">st<b>o</b>ry </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">◌̃</a></span></big></td> <td>ঁ</td> <td><b>ইঁ</b>দুর</td> <td>ঁ</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasal vowel</a><br/>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ã],<span class="wrap"> </span>[õ]</span>, etc.) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Semivowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">e̯</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-palatalapproximant_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palatalapproximant-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>য়</td> <td>খা<b>য়</b></td> <td>ẏ</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Similar to ver<b>y</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">i̯</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-palatalapproximant_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palatalapproximant-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ই</td> <td>ভা<b>ই</b></td> <td>i</td> <td style="text-align:left;">happ<b>y</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">o̯</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ও</td> <td>যা<b>ও</b> হা<b>ও</b>য়া</td> <td>ō</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Similar to l<b>oo</b>k </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">u̯</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>উ</td> <td>ঝা<b>উ</b></td> <td>u</td> <td style="text-align:left;">t<b>oo</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">Diphthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ii̯</span></big></td> <td>িই</td> <td><b>নিই</b></td> <td>ii</td> <td style="text-align:left;">t<b>ea</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iu̯</span></big></td> <td>িউ</td> <td><b>বিউ</b>ভোল</td> <td>iu</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>ew</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ei̯</span></big></td> <td>েয়</td> <td><b>দেয়</b></td> <td>ēi</td> <td style="text-align:left;">RP b<b>ay</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">eu̯</span></big></td> <td>েও</td> <td><b>ঢেও</b></td> <td>ēu</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Roughly like g<b>o</b> in some dialects of English<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æe̯</span></big></td> <td>্যায়</td> <td><b>ন্যায়</b></td> <td>aeẏ/æẏ</td> <td style="text-align:left;">No English equivalent </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ai̯</span></big></td> <td>াই</td> <td><b>পাই</b></td> <td>āi</td> <td style="text-align:left;">B<b>uy</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ae̯</span></big></td> <td>ায়</td> <td><b>পায়</b></td> <td>āẏ</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Similar to H<b>i</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">au̯</span></big></td> <td>াউ</td> <td><b>পাউ</b></td> <td>āu</td> <td style="text-align:left;">H<b>ow</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ao̯</span></big></td> <td>াও</td> <td><b>পাও</b></td> <td>āō</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Similar to H<b>ow</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔe̯</span></big></td> <td>◌য়</td> <td><b>নয়</b></td> <td>aẏ</td> <td style="text-align:left;">No English equivalent </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔo̯</span></big></td> <td>◌ও</td> <td><b>নও</b></td> <td>aō</td> <td style="text-align:left;">No English equivalent </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">oi̯</span></big></td> <td>োই</td> <td><b>দোই</b></td> <td>ōi</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Similar to b<b>oy</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">oo̯</span></big></td> <td>োও</td> <td><b>দোও</b></td> <td>ōō</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Indian n<b>o</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ou̯</span></big></td> <td>ৌ</td> <td><b>নৌ</b>কা</td> <td>ōu</td> <td style="text-align:left;">g<b>oa</b>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ui̯</span></big></td> <td>ুই, ূই</td> <td><b>ধুই</b></td> <td>ui</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Similar to L<b>ouie</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Suprasegmental" class="mw-redirect" title="Suprasegmental">Suprasegmentals</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">ˈ</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">primary stress<br/>(placed before stressed syllable)<sup id="cite_ref-Stress_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stress-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">ˌ</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">secondary stress<br/>(placed before stressed syllable)<sup id="cite_ref-Stress_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stress-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">ː</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">doubled consonant </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Bengali&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Voiced_bilabial_stop-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voiced_bilabial_stop_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voiced_bilabial_stop_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">/bʱ/ is phonetically realised either as [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bʱ</span>] or /β/ (phonetically [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span>]) depending on the speaker and variety. /β/ can additionally occur as an allophone of /bʱ/ in foreign loan words e.g. ভিসা [βisa] 'visa'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coronalstops-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coronalstops_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coronalstops_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coronalstops_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coronalstops_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coronalstops_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coronalstops_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coronalstops_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coronalstops_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bengali contrasts dental <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a>]</span> with apical postalveolar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a>]</span> (as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> to most English speakers although the dental [t] and [d] are used in place of the English <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span></span>/</a></span></span> and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ð/: 'th' in 'this'">ð</span></span>/</a></span></span> for some speakers with <a href="/wiki/Th-stopping" title="Th-stopping">th-stopping</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voiced_alveolar_sibilant-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">জ</span></span>⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">য</span></span>⟩</span> may represent a voiced affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>/</span> in Standard Bengali words of native origin, but they can also represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span> in foreign words and names (<span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">জাকাত</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[zakat]</span> '<a href="/wiki/Zakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakah">zakah</a> charity', <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">আজিজ</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aziz]</span> 'Aziz'). However, many speakers usually replace <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dʒ/</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glottal_fricative-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glottal_fricative_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">/ɦ/ may be devoiced to [h] in word-initial or final positions, with [ɦ] occurring medially.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voiceless_bilabial_stop-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voiceless_bilabial_stop_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voiceless_bilabial_stop_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">/pʰ/ is phonetically realised either as [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ</span>] or /ɸ/ (phonetically [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span>]) depending on the speaker and variety. /ɸ/ can additionally occur as an allophone of /pʰ/ in foreign loan words e.g. <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ফ্যান</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸæn]</span> 'fan'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhotic_r-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rhotic_r_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The phonetic realisation of /r/ is usually an alveolar flap [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span>] but may also be an alveolar approximant [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span>] or alveolar trill [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span>] depending on the variety and speaker.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-palatalapproximant-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-palatalapproximant_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palatalapproximant_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palatalapproximant_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> /j/ occurs in some pronunciations of Bengali vowel clusters as a result of the semivowels /e̯ i̯/ undergoing <a href="/wiki/Fortition" title="Fortition">fortitional</a> merging, such as <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">নয়ন</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nɔjon]</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voiced_labial–velar_approximant_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> /w/ may occur as a fortitional allophone of the semivowels /o̯/ and /u̯/, especially in loan words e.g. ওয়াদা [wada] 'promise', উইলিয়াম [wiliam] 'William'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10258">https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10258</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mainly occurs as an allophone of [n] in conjunct with other postalveolar (retroflex) consonants.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Usually pronounced as a near-open [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span>] (<a href="#CITEREFThompson2020">Thompson 2020</a>, p. 23) but may also be pronounced and transcribed in IPA as open-mid [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span>] (<a href="#CITEREFKhan2010">Khan 2010</a>, pp. 221–225).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These dialects include <a href="/wiki/Southern_England_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern England English">Southern England</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>), <a href="/wiki/Midlands_English" title="Midlands English">English Midlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">Southern American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midland_American_English" title="Midland American English">Midland American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore English">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_English" title="Western Pennsylvania English">Western Pennsylvania</a> and younger <a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">Californian</a> English. Other dialects of English, such as most other forms of <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_England_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern England English">Northern England English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Irish English</a>, have no close equiavalent vowel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stress-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stress_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stress_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Primary stress usually occurs in word-initial positions with secondary stress occurring afterwards.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Bibliography" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bibliography"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bibliography"></span>Bibliography<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bibliography"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Bengali&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKhan2010" class="citation cs2">Khan, Sameer ud Dowla (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reed.edu/linguistics/khan/assets/Khan%202010%20Bengali%20Bangladeshi%20standard.pdf">"Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>40</b> (2): 221–225, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100310000071">10.1017/S0025100310000071</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Bengali+%28Bangladeshi+Standard%29&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=221-225&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100310000071&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Sameer+ud+Dowla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reed.edu%2Flinguistics%2Fkhan%2Fassets%2FKhan%25202010%2520Bengali%2520Bangladeshi%2520standard.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FBengali" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2020" class="citation cs2">Thompson, Hanne-Ruth (2020), <i>Bengali: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Comprehensive Grammars), 1</i> (1 ed.), Routledge, p. 23, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415411394" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415411394"><bdi>978-0415411394</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bengali%3A+A+Comprehensive+Grammar+%28Routledge+Comprehensive+Grammars%29%2C+1&rft.pages=23&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0415411394&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Hanne-Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FBengali" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Bengali&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Bengali_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Bengali IPA">Category:Pages with Bengali IPA</a> (261)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandinka" title="Help:IPA/Mandinka">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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