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As it has been previously noted, though, this formulation misses a recurrent crosslinguistic asymmetry. |I| and |U| do in fact have distinct behaviors (Carvalho \u0026amp;amp; Klein 1996, Nevins 2012, Veloso 2013, Pimenta 2019), and while typologically, rounding can be absent from a language inventory, “no language has been found that lacks both a front vowel and palatal glide” (Hyman 2008: 100, n. 11). As will be shown, this asymmetry is the source of several phenomena in Portuguese phonology, both synchronic and diachronic. Special attention will be given to nasal vowel diphthongization in non-standard European Portuguese, which reveals a preference f...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Heglyn Pimenta"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-04-11","dateModified":"2022-04-11","datePublished":"2022-01-01","headline":"What’s the matter with |U| and |I|?","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/76132492/What_s_the_matter_with_U_and_I_","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"cnrs"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":76132492,"created_at":"2022-04-11T09:00:09.406-07:00","from_world_paper_id":201414614,"updated_at":"2022-04-11T14:19:19.289-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"In Element-Theory and similar approaches to the internal structure of segments, it is often assumed that the aperture element |A| is more sonorous and different in kind from the coloring elements |I| and |U| (Hulst 2015; Pöchtrager 2006; Schane 1984), while the latter are usually considered to be equally sonorous and display symmetrical behavior. As it has been previously noted, though, this formulation misses a recurrent crosslinguistic asymmetry. |I| and |U| do in fact have distinct behaviors (Carvalho \u0026 Klein 1996, Nevins 2012, Veloso 2013, Pimenta 2019), and while typologically, rounding can be absent from a language inventory, “no language has been found that lacks both a front vowel and palatal glide” (Hyman 2008: 100, n. 11). As will be shown, this asymmetry is the source of several phenomena in Portuguese phonology, both synchronic and diachronic. Special attention will be given to nasal vowel diphthongization in non-standard European Portuguese, which reveals a preference f...","publisher":"Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona","publication_date":"2022,,","publication_name":"Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"What’s the matter with |U| and |I|?","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [8025651]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":83801088,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “What’s the matter with |U| and |I|?”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/83801088/mini_magick20220411-23887-m9cg7a.png?1649692959" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">What’s the matter with |U| and |I|?</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8025651" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/HeglynPimenta"><img alt="Profile image of Heglyn Pimenta" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/8025651/49830303/37818290/s65_heglyn.pimenta.jpg" />Heglyn Pimenta</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2022, Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In Element-Theory and similar approaches to the internal structure of segments, it is often assumed that the aperture element |A| is more sonorous and different in kind from the coloring elements |I| and |U| (Hulst 2015; Pöchtrager 2006; Schane 1984), while the latter are usually considered to be equally sonorous and display symmetrical behavior. As it has been previously noted, though, this formulation misses a recurrent crosslinguistic asymmetry. |I| and |U| do in fact have distinct behaviors (Carvalho & Klein 1996, Nevins 2012, Veloso 2013, Pimenta 2019), and while typologically, rounding can be absent from a language inventory, “no language has been found that lacks both a front vowel and palatal glide” (Hyman 2008: 100, n. 11). As will be shown, this asymmetry is the source of several phenomena in Portuguese phonology, both synchronic and diachronic. Special attention will be given to nasal vowel diphthongization in non-standard European Portuguese, which reveals a preference f...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":83801088,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/76132492/What_s_the_matter_with_U_and_I_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":83801088,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/76132492/What_s_the_matter_with_U_and_I_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="83801088" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/76132492/What_s_the_matter_with_U_and_I_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="39735906" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39735906/VELOSO_Jo%C3%A3o_2019_Complex_Segments_in_Portuguese_The_Unbearable_Heaviness_of_Being_Palatal_In_Irantzu_Epelde_Zendoia_Oroitz_Jauregi_Nazabal_Eds_Bihotz_ahots_M_L_O%C3%B1ederra_irakaslearen_omenez_Bilbao_Universidad_del_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco_Euskal_Herriko_Unibertsitatea_513_526">VELOSO, João. 2019. Complex Segments in Portuguese: The Unbearable Heaviness of Being Palatal. In: Irantzu Epelde Zendoia, Oroitz Jauregi Nazabal (Eds.). Bihotz ahots. M. L. Oñederra irakaslearen omenez. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 513-526.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48088338" href="https://up-pt.academia.edu/JVeloso">João Veloso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bihotz ahots. M. L. Oñederra irakaslearen omenez, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"VELOSO, João. 2019. Complex Segments in Portuguese: The Unbearable Heaviness of Being Palatal. In: Irantzu Epelde Zendoia, Oroitz Jauregi Nazabal (Eds.). Bihotz ahots. M. L. Oñederra irakaslearen omenez. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 513-526.","attachmentId":60093562,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39735906/VELOSO_Jo%C3%A3o_2019_Complex_Segments_in_Portuguese_The_Unbearable_Heaviness_of_Being_Palatal_In_Irantzu_Epelde_Zendoia_Oroitz_Jauregi_Nazabal_Eds_Bihotz_ahots_M_L_O%C3%B1ederra_irakaslearen_omenez_Bilbao_Universidad_del_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco_Euskal_Herriko_Unibertsitatea_513_526","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39735906/VELOSO_Jo%C3%A3o_2019_Complex_Segments_in_Portuguese_The_Unbearable_Heaviness_of_Being_Palatal_In_Irantzu_Epelde_Zendoia_Oroitz_Jauregi_Nazabal_Eds_Bihotz_ahots_M_L_O%C3%B1ederra_irakaslearen_omenez_Bilbao_Universidad_del_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco_Euskal_Herriko_Unibertsitatea_513_526"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="67938194" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67938194/Contrastive_hierarchies_privative_features_and_Portuguese_vowels">Contrastive hierarchies, privative features, and Portuguese vowels</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30923041" href="https://univ-paris8.academia.edu/JoaquimBrand%C3%A3odeCarvalho">Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Linguística : Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Dresher’s (2009) Contrastive hierarchy theory (CHT) is intended to provide a unified account of both sides of phonological primes: contrastivity and behaviour. This article explores the point and the possibility of extending CHT, which is based on binary features, to a system of monovalent elements that is much indebted to Schane’s (1984) Particle Phonology. It shows how several aspects of the phonology of European Portuguese nuclei that seem prima facie independent from one another – such as reduction patterns and the inventory of diphthongs and nasal vowels – are constrained by element hierarchy, and, thus, receive a unitary account.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contrastive hierarchies, privative features, and Portuguese vowels","attachmentId":78598141,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67938194/Contrastive_hierarchies_privative_features_and_Portuguese_vowels","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67938194/Contrastive_hierarchies_privative_features_and_Portuguese_vowels"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="114894568" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114894568/Jesus_L_M_Im_M_Veloso_J_Costa_M_C_2024_Influence_of_the_European_Portuguese_phonological_system_on_the_perception_of_close_mid_and_open_mid_vowels_Glossa_a_journal_of_general_linguistics_9_1_">Jesus, L. M.; Im, M.; Veloso, J; Costa, M. C. 2024. Influence of the European Portuguese phonological system on the perception of close-mid and open-mid vowels. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 9(1).</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48088338" href="https://up-pt.academia.edu/JVeloso">João Veloso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Glossa, 2024</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Jesus, L. M.; Im, M.; Veloso, J; Costa, M. C. 2024. Influence of the European Portuguese phonological system on the perception of close-mid and open-mid vowels. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 9(1).","attachmentId":111461590,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114894568/Jesus_L_M_Im_M_Veloso_J_Costa_M_C_2024_Influence_of_the_European_Portuguese_phonological_system_on_the_perception_of_close_mid_and_open_mid_vowels_Glossa_a_journal_of_general_linguistics_9_1_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114894568/Jesus_L_M_Im_M_Veloso_J_Costa_M_C_2024_Influence_of_the_European_Portuguese_phonological_system_on_the_perception_of_close_mid_and_open_mid_vowels_Glossa_a_journal_of_general_linguistics_9_1_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="6693996" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6693996/Nasal_Coda_and_Vowel_Nasality_in_Brazilian_Portuguese">Nasal Coda and Vowel Nasality in Brazilian Portuguese</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10915078" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/BeatrizRaposodeMedeiros">Beatriz Raposo de Medeiros</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nasal Coda and Vowel Nasality in Brazilian Portuguese","attachmentId":33418138,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6693996/Nasal_Coda_and_Vowel_Nasality_in_Brazilian_Portuguese","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6693996/Nasal_Coda_and_Vowel_Nasality_in_Brazilian_Portuguese"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="38544260" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38544260/The_evolution_of_the_alveolo_palatal_lateral_consonant_in_Spanish_and_Portuguese">The evolution of the (alveolo)palatal lateral consonant in Spanish and Portuguese</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9977169" href="https://slu.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9Zampaulo">André Zampaulo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Selected papers from the 21st International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Oslo, 5-9 August 2013, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper provides a formal account on the evolution of the (alveolo)palatal lateral consonant /ʎ/ in Spanish and Portuguese, by considering the phonetic motivation for its variation patterns and by connecting its synchronic dialectal distribution with its diachronic pathways of change. The novel approach in this study presents a unified, constraint-based view of the role that the articulatory and acoustic patterns of the aforementioned consonant have played in its history and continue to shape its current dialectal manifestations. More specifically, it proposes that the three apparently disconnected transformations this consonant incurred at different points throughout the history of Spanish (i.e. /ʎ/ > /j/, /ʎ/ > /ʝ/, /ʎ/ > /ʒ/) and Portuguese (i.e. /ʎ/ > /j/) reveal, in fact, integrated steps of changes that compose its historical evolution, i.e. /ʎ/ > /j/ > /ʝ/ > /ʒ/.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The evolution of the (alveolo)palatal lateral consonant in Spanish and Portuguese","attachmentId":72941423,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38544260/The_evolution_of_the_alveolo_palatal_lateral_consonant_in_Spanish_and_Portuguese","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38544260/The_evolution_of_the_alveolo_palatal_lateral_consonant_in_Spanish_and_Portuguese"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="36479262" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36479262/What_does_the_acquisition_of_pre_tonic_mid_vowels_tell_us_about_vowel_harmony_in_Brazilian_Portuguese">What does the acquisition of pre-tonic mid-vowels tell us about vowel harmony in Brazilian Portuguese</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2024204" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/GBohn">Graziela Bohn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The pretonic system in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is the locus of instability as a result of e-and o-raising. Studies suggest that while e-raising results mainly from vowel harmony to an adjacent high vowel, o-raising is mainly conditioned by surrounding consonants and may even dispense with the presence of a high vowel (Yacovenco, 1993; Viegas, 2001; Callou et al., 2002). This study compares the acquisition of /e/ and /o/ in the stressed and the pre-tonic positions based on Matzenauer (2009) and Miranda (2013), according to which children are sensitive to the instability of the pre-tonic vowels in BP. It also investigates whether the children's productions of /e/ and /o/ in the pre-tonic position can shed light on the difference between e-and o-raising, as is suggested in the literature. The results show that /e/ in the pre-tonic position is produced much later than its stressed counterpart, suggesting that its production is more laborious. As for the pre-tonic /o/, results indicate that it is produced without much delay when compared to stressed /o/, which corroborates the claims that o-raising is mainly the result of a phonetic motivation instead of a phonological process.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"What does the acquisition of pre-tonic mid-vowels tell us about vowel harmony in Brazilian Portuguese","attachmentId":56397674,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36479262/What_does_the_acquisition_of_pre_tonic_mid_vowels_tell_us_about_vowel_harmony_in_Brazilian_Portuguese","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36479262/What_does_the_acquisition_of_pre_tonic_mid_vowels_tell_us_about_vowel_harmony_in_Brazilian_Portuguese"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="9020882" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9020882/A_cross_dialect_acoustic_description_of_vowels_Brazilian_and_European_Portuguese">A cross-dialect acoustic description of vowels: Brazilian and European Portuguese</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20307236" href="https://uni-tuebingen1.academia.edu/AndreiaRauber">Andreia Rauber</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of The Acoustical Society of America, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A cross-dialect acoustic description of vowels: Brazilian and European Portuguese","attachmentId":35329870,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9020882/A_cross_dialect_acoustic_description_of_vowels_Brazilian_and_European_Portuguese","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9020882/A_cross_dialect_acoustic_description_of_vowels_Brazilian_and_European_Portuguese"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="123289888" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123289888/Some_long_standing_issues_in_Portuguese_phonology_revisited_in_the_laboratory">Some long-standing issues in Portuguese phonology revisited in the laboratory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="134103128" href="https://univ-paris3.academia.edu/DDemolin">Didier Demolin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Some long-standing issues in Portuguese phonology revisited in the laboratory","attachmentId":117756355,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123289888/Some_long_standing_issues_in_Portuguese_phonology_revisited_in_the_laboratory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123289888/Some_long_standing_issues_in_Portuguese_phonology_revisited_in_the_laboratory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="40263409" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40263409/Duration_and_phonological_complexity_Comparing_standard_European_Portuguese_nasal_vowels_and_oral_diphthongs">Duration and phonological complexity: Comparing standard European Portuguese nasal vowels and oral diphthongs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8025651" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/HeglynPimenta">Heglyn Pimenta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Phonetics and Phonology in Action, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Portuguese nasal vowels have been described as being long and having a diphthong-like acoustic pattern (Hajek & Watson 2007) . They are therefore a complex topic both for phonetic description and phonological analysis. Phonologically, it has been proposed that nasality is directly associated (a) to the vowel /Ṽ/; (b) with an underlying nasal consonant in coda position /VN/; or (c) with a vocalic position in a complex nucleus /VṼ/. Even if (b) is the most commonly accepted proposal, I will show that the behaviour of nasal vowels suggests eliminating both (a) and (b), which leaves only proposal (c). Nasal vowels and oral diphthongs share some properties, such as behaving as heavy rhymes regarding stress assignment; allowing suffixation of the morpheme /-s/ without epenthesis; showing no resyllabification in external sandhi contexts; in addition to the fact that neither undergoes vowel reduction in unstressed positions. Assuming that length can be a correlate to phonological complexity, (c) will be supported if, in addition to the other similarities between diphthongs and nasal vowels, these objects are similar in length. To my knowledge, the length of Portuguese nasal vowels has never been compared to that of complex nuclei. To assess the respective length of nasal vowels and oral diphthongs, I compare the duration of oral vowels (V), nasal vowels (VN) and oral diphthongs (VG) in two contexts: word-finally (_#), and before a heterosyllabic consonant (_.C) . Results-show that oral vowels are statistically shorter than oral diphthongs, which have the same duration as nasal vowels (i.e. V <VG= VN). This provides a phonetic grounding for the representation of Portuguese nasal vowels as phonological diphthongs. Finally, I will address three additional facts: (i) while oral diphthongs behave as open syllables regarding rhotics, allowing a contrast between /r/ and /R/, nasal vowels trigger neutralization, just as coda consonants; (ii) Portuguese also has nasal diphthongs, which are almost in complementary distribution with nasal vowels, since the latter exist in all positions but are clearly dispreferred in final position, while the former are found almost exclusively in stressed final position; (iii) in non-standard varieties, nasal vowels and diphthongs can alternate. I propose a phonological representation of Portuguese nasality that motivates both the similarities and the differences between oral diphthongs and nasal vowels.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Duration and phonological complexity: Comparing standard European Portuguese nasal vowels and oral diphthongs","attachmentId":60498690,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40263409/Duration_and_phonological_complexity_Comparing_standard_European_Portuguese_nasal_vowels_and_oral_diphthongs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40263409/Duration_and_phonological_complexity_Comparing_standard_European_Portuguese_nasal_vowels_and_oral_diphthongs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="36512351" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36512351/THE_ACQUISITION_OF_PRE_TONIC_VOWELS_IN_BRAZILIAN_PORTUGUESE">THE ACQUISITION OF PRE-TONIC VOWELS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2024204" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/GBohn">Graziela Bohn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista ALFA, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">■ ABSTRACT: This article discusses acquisition of pre-tonic vowels in Brazilian Portuguese by 3 monolingual children acquiring the paulista dialect, aged between 1;4 and 3;5, and its relation to the acquisition of stressed vowels. Based on Miranda (2013), we start out from the supposition that the acquisition of pre-tonic vowels is subject to the instability of this position, and segments affected by phonological processes take longer to be acquired. The children's productions show that high pre-tonic vowels are acquired in contrast with mid vowels, (/i,o/ and /e,u/), and that the pre-tonic /o/ is acquired before /e/. We analyse these results based on Contrastive Hierarchy Theory (DRESHER, 2009), according to which the lexical representation of segments is specific to each language and only contrastive and active features must be present in the representation. We propose that the acquisition of pre-tonic vowels follows the Principle of Maximum Contrast: because of the instability found in this position, segments must be maximally contrastive; that is, they must contrast in place and height. The pre-tonic /e/, being more unstable (cf. CALLOU; MORAES; LEITE, 2002; VIEGAS, 2001; YACOVENCO, 1993), is the last one to be acquired, bringing with it the pretonic /u/.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE ACQUISITION OF PRE-TONIC VOWELS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE","attachmentId":56432310,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36512351/THE_ACQUISITION_OF_PRE_TONIC_VOWELS_IN_BRAZILIAN_PORTUGUESE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36512351/THE_ACQUISITION_OF_PRE_TONIC_VOWELS_IN_BRAZILIAN_PORTUGUESE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":83801088,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":83801088,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_83801088" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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