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href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a 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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> 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type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Keso" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Keso" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Keso" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Keso" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kasaysayan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kasaysayan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pinanggalingan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinanggalingan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pinanggalingan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinanggalingan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noong_Panahong_Klasiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noong_Panahong_Klasiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Noong Panahong Klasiko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noong_Panahong_Klasiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagkatapos_ng_Klasikong_Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkatapos_ng_Klasikong_Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pagkatapos ng Klasikong Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkatapos_ng_Klasikong_Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makabagong_panahon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makabagong_panahon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Makabagong panahon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makabagong_panahon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagkakaiba_ng_mga_kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkakaiba_ng_mga_kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pagkakaiba ng mga kultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkakaiba_ng_mga_kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_uri_ng_keso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_uri_ng_keso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mga uri ng keso</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_uri_ng_keso-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga uri ng keso</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_uri_ng_keso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sariwang_keso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sariwang_keso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sariwang keso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sariwang_keso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matagal_na_iniimbak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matagal_na_iniimbak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Matagal na iniimbak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matagal_na_iniimbak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ibang_kategoriya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ibang_kategoriya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ibang kategoriya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ibang_kategoriya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalusugan_at_nutrisyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalusugan_at_nutrisyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kalusugan at nutrisyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalusugan_at_nutrisyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paggawa_ng_keso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paggawa_ng_keso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Paggawa ng keso</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Paggawa_ng_keso-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Paggawa ng keso</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Paggawa_ng_keso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pagkukulta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkukulta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pagkukulta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkukulta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elaborasyon_ng_kulta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elaborasyon_ng_kulta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Elaborasyon ng kulta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elaborasyon_ng_kulta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paglalaon_o_pagpapahinog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paglalaon_o_pagpapahinog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Paglalaon o pagpapahinog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paglalaon_o_pagpapahinog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keso_sa_iba’t-ibang_wika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keso_sa_iba’t-ibang_wika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Keso sa iba’t-ibang wika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keso_sa_iba’t-ibang_wika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Talababa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talababa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Talababa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Talababa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Talaan ng mga Nilalaman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Keso</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 176 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 (na) wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaas" title="Kaas – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kaas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4se" title="Käse – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Käse" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%A5" title="አይብ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አይብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queso" title="Queso – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Queso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%ABese" title="Cīese – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cīese" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="चीज़ – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चीज़" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%86" title="جبن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جبن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%92%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܓܒܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܒܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87" title="جبنه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جبنه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B0" title="পনীৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পনীৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quesu" title="Quesu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quesu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ХӀан – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ХӀан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisu" title="Kisu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Kisu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendir" title="Pendir – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pendir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پئندیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پئندیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Сыр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сыр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaas" title="Kaas – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kaas" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%ABris" title="Sūris – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sūris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keso" title="Keso – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Keso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Сыр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сыр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Сыр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сыр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9ju" title="Kéju – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kéju" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Сирене – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сирене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0" title="পনির – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পনির" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆུར་བ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆུར་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keuz_(boued)" title="Keuz (boued) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Keuz (boued)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бисалаг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бисалаг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formatge" title="Formatge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Formatge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Нехча – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нехча" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%97_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8F%85" title="ᎤᏅᏗ ᎦᏚᏅ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏅᏗ ᎦᏚᏅ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%27koneame" title="He'koneame – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="He'koneame" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پەنیر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەنیر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDr" title="Sýr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sýr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%83%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%82" title="Чăкăт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чăкăт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caws" title="Caws – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caws" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ost" title="Ost – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ost" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waagashe" title="Waagashe – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Waagashe" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4se" title="Käse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Käse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penir" title="Penir – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Penir" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF" title="Τυρί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τυρί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furm%C3%A0j" title="Furmàj – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Furmàj" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cheese" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froma%C4%9Do" title="Fromaĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fromaĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queso" title="Queso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Queso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juust" title="Juust – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juust" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazta" title="Gazta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gazta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quesu" title="Quesu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Quesu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پنیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juusto" title="Juusto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juusto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juust" title="Juust – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Juust" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jisi" title="Jisi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Jisi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fromage" title="Fromage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fromage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formadi" title="Formadi – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Formadi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiis" title="Tsiis – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsiis" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1is" title="Cáis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cáis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B6%E9%85%AA" title="奶酪 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="奶酪" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fromaj" title="Fromaj – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fromaj" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ise" title="Càise – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Càise" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queixo" title="Queixo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Queixo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesu" title="Kesu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kesu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9D" title="ચીઝ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચીઝ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kees%C3%BC" title="Keesü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Keesü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caashey" title="Caashey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Caashey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuku" title="Cuku – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Cuku" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="גבינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גבינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0)" title="चीज़ (पाश्चात्य पनीर) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीज़ (पाश्चात्य पनीर)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniir" title="Paniir – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Paniir" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwomaj" title="Fwomaj – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fwomaj" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajt" title="Sajt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sajt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Պանիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseo" title="Caseo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Caseo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keju" title="Keju – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keju" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immusuaq" title="Immusuaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Immusuaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keso" title="Keso – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Keso" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fromajo" title="Fromajo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fromajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostur" title="Ostur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ostur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaggio" title="Formaggio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Formaggio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="チーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiiz" title="Chiiz – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chiiz" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cirla" title="cirla – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cirla" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A8ju" title="Kèju – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kèju" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ყველი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყველი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agisi" title="Agisi – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agisi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keju" title="Keju – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Keju" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Ірімшік – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ірімшік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="ប្រូម៉ាស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រូម៉ាស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%81" title="ಗಿಣ್ಣು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಿಣ್ಣು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EC%A6%88" title="치즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%AEr" title="Penîr – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Penîr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keus" title="Keus – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Keus" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Сыр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сыр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseus" title="Caseus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caseus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9zo" title="Kézo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kézo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9is" title="Kéis – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kéis" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceso" title="Ceso – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ceso" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kie%C3%ABs" title="Kieës – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kieës" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furmai" title="Furmai – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Furmai" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%87" title="ເນີຍແຂງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເນີຍແຂງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%ABris" title="Sūris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sūris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siers" title="Siers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Siers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="छुर्पी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="छुर्पी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keju" title="Keju – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Keju" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fromazy" title="Fromazy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fromazy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keju" title="Keju – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Keju" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Сирење – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сирење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="പാൽക്കട്ടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാൽക്കട്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бяслаг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бяслаг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9D" title="चीझ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चीझ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тара – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Тара" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keju" title="Keju – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keju" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queiso" title="Queiso – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Queiso" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%B2" title="ဒိန်ခဲ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒိန်ခဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پندیر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پندیر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlatetzauhtli" title="Tlatetzauhtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlatetzauhtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso" title="Caso – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Caso" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kees" title="Kees – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kees" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keze" title="Keze – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Keze" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaas" title="Kaas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ost" title="Ost – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ost" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ost" title="Ost – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ost" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formage" title="Formage – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Formage" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9eso" title="Géeso – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Géeso" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formatge" title="Formatge – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Formatge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juusto" title="Juusto – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Juusto" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%82" title="Цыхт – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цыхт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froumage" title="Froumage – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Froumage" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser" title="Ser – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ser" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formagg" title="Formagg – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Formagg" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queijo" title="Queijo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Queijo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisu" title="Kisu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kisu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A2nz%C4%83" title="Brânză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Brânză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C8%99u" title="Cașu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cașu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Сыр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сыр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Сыр – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сыр" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="दधिकम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="दधिकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu" title="Casu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Casu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furmaggiu" title="Furmaggiu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Furmaggiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cheese" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%94" title="කේජු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කේජු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cheese" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syr" title="Syr – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Syr" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djathi" title="Djathi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Djathi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сир – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasi" title="Kasi – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Kasi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sies" title="Sies – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sies" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9ju" title="Kéju – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kéju" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ost" title="Ost – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ost" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibini" title="Jibini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jibini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="பாலாடைக்கட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாலாடைக்கட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="చీజ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చీజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Панир – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Панир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="เนยแข็ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เนยแข็ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%BDnir" title="Peýnir – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Peýnir" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peynir" title="Peynir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Peynir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сырлар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сырлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сир – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сир" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pishloq" title="Pishloq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pishloq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formai" title="Formai – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Formai" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagud" title="Sagud – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sagud" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho_m%C3%A1t" title="Pho mát – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pho mát" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koas" title="Koas – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Koas" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fromad" title="Fromad – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fromad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froumadje" title="Froumadje – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Froumadje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keso" title="Keso – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Keso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E9%85%AA" title="干酪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="干酪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B8%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჸვალი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჸვალი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%96" title="קעז – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קעז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%85%AA" title="乾酪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乾酪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%A9%E9%85%AA" title="湩酪 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="湩酪" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%AC-juh" title="Chhì-juh – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhì-juh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%A3%AB" title="芝士 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="芝士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushizi" title="Ushizi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ushizi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10943#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keso" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Keso" rel="discussion" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div 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Maaari mong makita ang wikitext nito. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Tingnan ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keso&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keso"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keso&action=edit"><span>Tingnan ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keso&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Keso" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Keso" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keso&oldid=1982741" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keso&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Keso&id=1982741&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKeso"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKeso"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Keso"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Keso&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keso&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cheese" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10943" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo" title="Ito ay napiling artikulo. Pindutin dito para sa karagdagang impormasyon."><img alt="Ito ay napiling artikulo. Pindutin dito para sa karagdagang impormasyon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Hartkaese_HardCheeses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hartkaese_HardCheeses.jpg/220px-Hartkaese_HardCheeses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hartkaese_HardCheeses.jpg/330px-Hartkaese_HardCheeses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hartkaese_HardCheeses.jpg/440px-Hartkaese_HardCheeses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Iba't ibang matitigas na keso</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <b>keso</b> (mula sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastilang</a>: <i>queso</i>) ay <a href="/wiki/Pagkain" title="Pagkain">pagkaing</a> gawa mula sa kinultang <a href="/wiki/Gatas" title="Gatas">gatas</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Baka" title="Baka">baka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalabaw" title="Kalabaw">kalabaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kambing" title="Kambing">kambing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tupa" title="Tupa">tupa</a> at iba pang <a href="/wiki/Mamalya" title="Mamalya">mamalya</a>. Ang pagkukulta ay mula sa paghahalo ng kuwaho (<i>rennet</i>) o kahalili nito at pagpapaasim ng gatas. Ang <a href="/wiki/Bakterya" title="Bakterya">bakterya</a> ang nagpapaasim sa gatas at nagbibigay ng lasa at anyo sa karamihan ng keso. May ilang keso ang sadyang binabalutan o pinalolooban ng piniling <a href="/wiki/Amag" title="Amag">amag</a> (<i>molds</i>). </p><p>Maraming uri ang keso. Ang iba’t ibang uri at lasa ng keso ay bunga ng paggamit ng iba’t-ibang bakterya at amag, iba’t-ibang dami ng <a href="/wiki/Taba_ng_gatas" title="Taba ng gatas">taba ng gatas</a> (<i>milk fat</i>), haba ng pag-iimbak nito, iba’t-ibang proseso tulad ng <i>cheddaring</i> (o pagtsetsedar), pagbatak, <a href="/wiki/Asin" title="Asin">pag-aasin</a>, paghuhugas sa amag at iba’t-ibang kasta ng baka, tupa at iba pang nagagatasang hayop. Ang kinakain ng hayop at pagdaragdag ng pampalasa tulad ng mga <a href="/wiki/Yerba" title="Yerba">yerba</a>, mga panlasa (<i>spices</i>), o usok ng kahoy ang iba pang nagdudulot ng kakaibang lasa o anyo sa keso. Kahit dumaan o hindi ang keso sa <a href="/wiki/Pasteurisasyon" title="Pasteurisasyon">pasteurisasyon</a> nagdudulot din ng kakaibang lasa ito. </p><p>Sa ilang klase ng keso, kinukulta ang gatas sa pagdaragdag ng pampaasim tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Suka" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Suka">suka</a> o katas ng <a href="/wiki/Kalamansi" title="Kalamansi">kalamansi</a> o <a href="/wiki/Limon" class="mw-redirect" title="Limon">limon</a>. Karamihan ng keso ay pinaaasiman ng bakterya para atakihin ang <a href="/wiki/Asukal" title="Asukal">asukal</a> ng gatas upang maging asido laktiko at sinusundan ng pagdaragdag ng kuwaho upang makumpleto ang pagkulta. Ang kuwaho ay isang <a href="/wiki/Ensima" title="Ensima">ensima</a> (<i>enzyme</i>) na tradisyonal na kinukuha sa mga pileges sa loob ng tiyan ng batang baka na ngayon ay ginagawa na sa <a href="/wiki/Laboratoryo" title="Laboratoryo">laboratoryo</a>. Mayroon ding kahaliling ‘kuwahong mula sa halaman’ na katas mula sa pamilya ng halamang <i>cynara</i> o <i>thistle</i> (kardo). </p><p>Sa ilang lipunan, ginagawa ang pag-iimbak ng keso upang maging pagkain sa taggutom at sa paglalakbay. Mahalaga ito dahil madaling dalhin, mahaba ang buhay at mataas ito sa taba, <a href="/wiki/Protina" title="Protina">protina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcium" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium">kalsiyo</a> at posporo. Magaan, siksik at naitatago ng matagal kaysa sa gatas kung saan ito nanggaling. Ang mga magkekeso ay nananahan sa pusod ng mga bakahan upang makinabang sa mura at sariwang gatas gayundin sa mababang gastos sa transportasyon nito. Ang kagandahan na maitago ang keso ng matagal ay mainam sa negosyo. May ilang pamilihan kung saan ang inimbak (hinog) na keso ay mas mahal kaysa bagong gawang keso. </p><p>Ang mga keso ay kinakain ng hilaw, luto, mag-isa or kalahok ng ibang rekado. Karamihan ng keso ang natutunaw at nangingitim kapag iniinit. Ilan ay natutunaw nang makinis at walang pamumuo kapag may kasamang asido at gawgaw. Ang <i>cheese fondue</i> (pondung keso) na nilalahukan ng alak at nagbibigay asim ay isang halimbawa ng pagkaing keso na makinis kapag natunaw. Ang ilan ay parang elastiko at naglulubid kapag natunaw na mainam naman sa <i><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Pagluluto" title="Pagluluto">luto</a> sa kuneho ng mga <a href="/wiki/Welsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh">Welsh</a>. Ang iba ay natutunaw ng di-pantay kung saan ang taba (grasa) ay humihiwalay. Ang iba namang kesong kinulta ng <a href="/wiki/Asido" title="Asido">asido</a>, kasama rito ang <i>halloumi</i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paneer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paneer (hindi pa naisusulat)">paneer</a></i> at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricotta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricotta (hindi pa naisusulat)">ricotta</a></i>, ay hindi natutunaw at sa halip tumitigas kapag iniinit sa burat ng aso. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaysayan">Kasaysayan</h2></div> <p>Ang keso ay sinasabing napakatandang pagkain ng tao bago pa man isinulat ang <a href="/wiki/Kasaysayan" title="Kasaysayan">kasaysayan</a>. Maaari itong natuklasan sa <a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Asya" title="Gitnang Asya">Gitnang Asya</a> o <a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Silangan" title="Gitnang Silangan">Gitnang Silangan</a> at matapos kumalat sa <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> at naging sopistikadong <a href="/wiki/Kalakal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalakal">kalakal</a> noong panahong Romano. Nang humuhupa ang impluwensiya ng <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, ang pamamaraan ng paggawa ng keso ay nagkaiba-iba na nagbunga ng iba’t-ibang klase ng keso. Ang tugatog ng pagkakaiba-iba ng keso ay noong unang mga taon ng Edad Industriyal at humupa ng kaunti dahil sa mekanisasyon at mga kadahilanang pang-<a href="/wiki/Ekonomiya" title="Ekonomiya">ekonomiya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinanggalingan">Pinanggalingan</h3></div> <p>Hindi alam kung kailan eksaktong sinimulan ang paggawa ng keso na tinatayang halos 8000 BCE (nang sinasabing masupil ang tupa) hanggang halos 3000 BCE. Sinasabing ang pagkakatuklas nito ay mula sa mga tribo at nomadikong <a href="/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya">Turko</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Asya" title="Gitnang Asya">Gitnang Asya</a> at halos kasabay ng panahon nang madebelop nila ang <i><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a></i>, o kaya’y mula sa mga pamayanan ang <a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Silangan" title="Gitnang Silangan">Gitnang Silangan</a>. May isang alamat na kung saan ang isang nomadikong <a href="/wiki/Arabo" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabo">Arabe</a> ay naglalakbay sa disyerto na may dalang gatas na nakapaloob sa lalagyang tiyan mula sa isang hayop. Natuklasan nito na ang gatas ay naghiwalay – kulta at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suwero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suwero (hindi pa naisusulat)">suwero</a> ng gatas (<i>whey</i>) - sa malapit sa kuwaho ng tiyan. </p><p>Maaaring nagsimula ang paggawa ng keso upang maitago ang maasim at kultadong gatas sa pamamagitan ng pagpiga at pag-aasin nito kung saan ang kuwaho ay idinagdag sa dakong huli at mapansing ang kesong sinamahan ng tiyan ng hayop ay mas matigas at maganda ang pagkakulta. Ang kaunaunahang ebidensiya ng paggawa ng keso ay nasumpungan sa mga muralya ng libing ng mga <a href="/wiki/Ehipto" title="Ehipto">Ehipsiyo</a> noong panahong 2300 BC. Sinasabing maasim at maalat ang mga sinaunang keso tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Kesong_puti" title="Kesong puti">kesong puti</a> (<i>cottage cheese</i>) at feta. </p><p>Mula sa Gitnang Silangan, nakarating ito sa Europa kung saan malamig ang klima at nangangahulugang kaunting <a href="/wiki/Asin" title="Asin">asin</a> ang kailangan bilang preserbante nito. Dahil sa matabang ito sa asin at asim, ang keso ay naging mainam na tahanan sa iba’t-ibang uri ng mabubuting <a href="/wiki/Mikrobyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikrobyo">mikrobyo</a> at amag na mainam sa keso. Ito ang nagbigay ng matapang at kakaibang lasa sa mga inimbak na keso. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noong_Panahong_Klasiko">Noong Panahong Klasiko</h3></div> <p>Ayon sa matandang mitolohiyang Griyego, si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristaeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristaeus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aristaeus</a> ang nakatuklas ng keso. Sa <i>Odyssey</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ika-9_siglo_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ika-9 siglo BC">ika-9 siglo BC</a>) ni <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, isinasalaysay ang paggawa at pag-iimbak ng keso mula sa kambing at tupa ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclops (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cyclops</a>. Sa salin ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Butler (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samuel Butler</a>: </p> <dl><dd><i>Nang marating namin ang kanyang yungib, pumasok kami at kinuha ang lahat na makikita namin dahil nasa pastulan siya. Ang kanyang eskaparate ay puno ng keso at nag-uumapaw ang kanyang kural ng batang tupa at kambing…</i></dd> <dd><i>Nang tapos na siya, siya’y umupo at kanyang ginatasan ang mga inahing tupa at kambing at nang matapos hinayaan sumuso ang kanilang mga anak. Kanyang kinulta ang kalahati at inilagay sa salaan….</i></dd></dl> <p>Nang dumatal ang panahong Romano, karaniwang pagkain na ang keso at ang paggawa ng keso ay isang nang matibay na sining na hindi naiiba sa kasalukuyan. Sa <i>De Re Rustica</i> (mga 65 AD) ni Columella, ipinaliliwanag nang masinsin ang paggawa ng keso na gumagamit ng kuwaho para mabuo, paghihiwalay ng suwero sa kulta, pag-aasin at pagtatago. Itinutok ang isang kabanata (xi. 97) sa <i>Likas ng Kasaysayan</i> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pliny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pliny (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pliny</a> (77 AD) sa iba’t-ibang uri ng kesong nagugustuhan ng mga Romano noong unang panahon ng Imperyo. Kanyang sinabi na ang pinakamasarap na keso ay mula sa mga nayong malapit sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%AEmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nîmes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nîmes</a> ngunit hindi ito nagtatagal at kailangan kainin hanggang bago. Bantog sa maraming uri ng keso ang <a href="/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes">Alpes</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apennines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apennines (hindi pa naisusulat)">Apennines</a> tulad nang magpasahanggang ngayon. Tumitimbang ng libong libra bawat isa ang mga kesong mula sa <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> at karatig nito na gawa sa gatas ng tupa. Ang keso mula sa kambing ay bagong lasa sa Roma at pinauusukan para hindi maglasang gamot na katulad ng keso ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaul (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gaul</a>. Sa mga keso mula sa ibang <a href="/wiki/Dagat" title="Dagat">dagat</a>, paborito ni Pliny ang keso mula <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitania (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bitania</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Asya_Menor" title="Asya Menor">Asya Menor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagkatapos_ng_Klasikong_Europa">Pagkatapos ng Klasikong Europa</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:9-alimenti,_formaggi,Taccuino_Sanitatis,_Casanatense_4182..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/9-alimenti%2C_formaggi%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg/220px-9-alimenti%2C_formaggi%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/9-alimenti%2C_formaggi%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg/330px-9-alimenti%2C_formaggi%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/9-alimenti%2C_formaggi%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg/440px-9-alimenti%2C_formaggi%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>Keso, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacuinum_sanitatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tacuinum sanitatis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tacuinum sanitatis</a> Casanatensis (ika-14 na siglo)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ikinalat ng Roma ang isang paraan nang paggawa ng keso sa halos buong Europa at ipinakilala ito sa mga lugar na walang kasaysayan nito. Nang papalubog ang Roma at bumabagsak ang malalayong kalakalan, lalong dumami ang klase ng keso kung saan maraming bayan ang naglunsad ng kani-kanilang kakaibang tradisyon sa paggawa ng keso. Ang <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a> at <a href="/wiki/Italya" title="Italya">Italya</a> ang may pinakamaraming uri ng keso – na kasalukuyan umaabot sa 400 bawat isa. (May kasabihang Pranses na may isang klase raw ng kesong Pranses sa bawat araw ng taon. Nagtanong minsan si <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> “papaano ka makapagpapatakbo ng gobyerno ng isang bansa kung may 300 klase ng keso?”<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Gayunpaman, ang pag-unlad ng <a href="/wiki/Sining" title="Sining">sining</a> sa paggawa ng keso sa Europa ay bumagal daantaon matapos ang lumubog ang Roma. Karamihan sa mga kesong kilala ngayon ay naitala noong huling panahon ng Edad Medya o matapos – tulad ng <i>cheddar</i> noong 1500 CE, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parmesan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parmesan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Parmesan</a></i> noong 1597, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gouda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gouda (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gouda</a></i> noong 1697 at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camembert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camembert (hindi pa naisusulat)">Camembert</a></i> noong 1791.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noong 1546, isinulat ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Heywood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Heywood (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Heywood</a> sa Proverbes na “ang <a href="/wiki/Buwan_(astronomiya)" title="Buwan (astronomiya)">buwan</a> ay gawa sa isang hilaw na keso.” <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (na tumutukoy sa bagong gawang keso.) Ang sentimiyentong ito ay inulit-ulit. May ilan ang naniwalang ito ay tunay bago mangyari ang eksplorasyon ng kalawakan ngunit mas malamang na si Heywood ay nagsasalita lamang ng walang kapararakan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makabagong_panahon">Makabagong panahon</h3></div> <p>Ang unang pabrika sa maramihang produksiyon ng keso ay binuksan sa Suisa (<a href="/wiki/Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>) noon 1815 ngunit sa <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> naging unang matagumpay ito. Si <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Williams" class="mw-disambig" title="Jesse Williams">Jesse Williams</a> isang manggagatas mula sa Rome, <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_New_York" title="Lungsod ng New York">Lungsod ng New York</a> ang nagsimulang gumawa ng keso noong 1851 na parang <i>assembly-line</i> na gumagamit ng gatas mula sa karatig sakahan. Sa loob ng ilang dekadang taon, may daan-daang asosasyon ng manggagatas ang naitatag. </p><p>Noong mga taong 1860, nakita ang malawakang-produksiyon ng kuwaho at sa pagpapalit ng siglo ang mga siyentipiko ay gumagawa na ng sangkap ng taal na kultura ng mikrobiyo. Bago rito, ang bakteriya ginagamit sa paggawa ng keso ay galing sa paligid o galing sa naunang batch ng suwero. Sa paggamit ng taal na kultura ng mikrobiyo ay nangangahulugan sa pagkontrol sa kalidad at uri ng keso. </p><p>Noong <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a> lumamang ang kesong gawa sa pabrika kaysa tradisyonal na paggawa nito at mula noon ang pabrika ang pinanggagalingan ng halos lahat ng keso sa Amerika at Europa. Ngayon, mas mabili ang elaboradong (processed) keso kaysa sa “tunay” na keso, gawa man ito sa pabrika o hindi.<sup id="cite_ref-McGee_p_67_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGee_p_67-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang keso ay isang malaking produkto ng agrikultura. Ayon sa Food and Agricultural Organization ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa">Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa</a>, humigit 18 milyong tonelada ng keso ang nagawa sa buong mundo noong 2004. Ito ay mahigit sa pinagsamang taunang produksiyon ng <a href="/wiki/Kape" title="Kape">kape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsaa" title="Tsaa">tsaa</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Tabako" title="Tabako">tabako</a> sa mundo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pagkakaiba_ng_mga_kultura">Pagkakaiba ng mga kultura</h2></div> <p>Madalang makita ang keso sa luto ng <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Asya" title="Silangang Asya">Silangang Asya</a> na di karaniwan gumagamit ng produkto mula sa gatas. Ngunit ang sentimiyento sa pag-ayaw sa keso ay di laganap. Ang keso mula sa gatas ng yaks (<i>chhurpi</i>) o <a href="/wiki/Kabayo" title="Kabayo">kabayo</a> ay karaniwan sa bulubundiking <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a> at sa <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a> kung saan ang keso ay ginagamit sa popular na kareng (curry) <i>paneer</i>. Kahit sa <a href="/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina">Tsina</a>, ang pagkain ng keso ay tumaas ng dalawang ulit sa taunang pamilihan mula 1996 hanggang 2003 (sa masasabing maliit sa 30 milyong <a href="/wiki/Dolyar_ng_Estados_Unidos" title="Dolyar ng Estados Unidos">dolyar</a> kada taon)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May ilang preserbadong/binurong <a href="/wiki/Tokwa" title="Tokwa">tokwa</a> na napagkakamalang “kesong Tsino” dahil sa matapang nitong amoy. </p><p>Umiiwas sa mga matitigas na keso, na karaniwang gawa sa kuwaho ng mga hayop na pinatay nang di naayon sa batas ng kosher or halal<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ang mga debotong sumusunod sa batas ng pagkain ng <a href="/wiki/Hudyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudyo">Hudyo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Pumapayag ang dalawang pananampalatayang kumain ng kesong gawa sa kuwaho mula sa halaman o sa hayop na ginawa ayon sa paraang <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a> o <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a>. Maraming Hudyong hindi istrikto ang naniniwala na ang kuwaho ay sumailalim na sa maraming proseso na kaya’t nabago na ang likas nito at naniniwalang di sila lumalabag sa batas ng kosher. Sa dahilang ang keso ay pagkaing mula sa gatas, sa ilalim ng batas ng kosher, hindi ito kinakain kapag may pagkaing karne sa mesa. </p><p>Maraming <i>vegetarians</i> ang umiiwas sa kesong gawa sa kuwaho na mula sa hayop. Karamihan ng kesong <i>vegetarian</i> ay gawa na gumagamit ng kuwaho mula sa permentasyon ng <i>fungus</i> Mucor miehei. Ang mga taong <i>vegans</i> at ibang umiiwas sa produktong gatas ay hindi kumakain ng anumang keso. May ilang kahalili ang keso na karamihan mula sa balatong. </p><p>Kahit na sa mga lipunang may mahabang tradisyon sa keso, hindi karaniwang makatagpo ng tao na magsasabi na ang keso – lalo nang yaong may matatapang na amoy o napupuno ng amag tulad ng Limburger o Roquefort — di-malinamnam, di-masarap kainin o nakakasuklam. Isang manunulat sa <a href="/wiki/Agham" title="Agham">agham</a> ng pagkain na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_McGee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold McGee (hindi pa naisusulat)">Harold McGee</a> ang nagmungkahi na ang lasa ng keso at sanayan sa dahilang ito mula sa kontroladong pagkasira at marami sa <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> ng amoy at lasa ng isang inimbak na keso ay pareho sa mga nakikita sa bulok na pagkain. Sinabi rin McGee “Ang pagkasuklam sa amoy ng pagkabulok ay may malinaw na halaga sa buhay upang makaiwas sa posibleng pagkalason. Kaya hindi nakapagtataka na isang pagkaing hayop na nagbibigay ng amoy ng sapatos at dumi at ng kural ay kailangang masanay rin."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang mga debotong mananampalataya ng relihiyong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coptico (hindi pa naisusulat)">Coptico</a> ay di kumakain ng keso. Isang sikat na futbolistang Coptico na nagngangalang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alex_Boulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alex Boulos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alex Boulos</a> ay nagdulot ng kontrabersya nang hindi siya sumama sa kanyan kuponan sa Bordeaux, Pransiya para maglaro at nagbitaw na “Hindi ako tatapak sa masamang lupa ng mga kinultang gatas.” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_uri_ng_keso">Mga uri ng keso</h2></div> <p>Walang isang pag-uuri ng keso ang makalalagom sa dami ng keso sa mundo. Nasa ibaba ang ilang gamiting pag-uuri ng keso. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Cheese_platter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cheese_platter.jpg/250px-Cheese_platter.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cheese_platter.jpg/375px-Cheese_platter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cheese_platter.jpg/500px-Cheese_platter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Isang bandeha ng iba’t-ibang uri ng keso.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sariwang_keso">Sariwang keso</h3></div> <p>Upang makagawa ng payak na keso, ang gatas ay kinukulta at sinasala upang ihiwalay ang suwero nito. Ang mga halimbawa ng sariwang keso ay kesong puti (kotiha), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neufch%C3%A2tel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neufchâtel (hindi pa naisusulat)">Neufchâtel</a></i> (kung saan ginaya ang kremang istilo-Amerikano ng keso), at kesong <i>chèvre</i> na mula sa gatas ng kambing. Ang mga kesong ito ay di-matapang sa lasa, malambot at naipapalaman. Nasisira nang mga ilang araw lamang kung walang dagdag na preserbante. </p><p>Ang kesong suwero ay sariwang keso mula sa suwero na itinatatapon matapos makagawa ng ibang keso. Halimbawa rito ang <i>ricotta</i> at <i>Norwegian Geitost</i>. </p><p>Ang tradisyonal na <i>mozzarella</i> ay kasama rin sa kategorya ng sariwang keso. Ang sariwang kulta ay hinahatak at nilalamas sa maiinit na <a href="/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig">tubig</a> para maging bola ng Mozarella, mula sa timog Italya kung saan ito nagmula at kinakain matapos gawin ilang oras makaraan. May ilang pang matitigas na sariwang keso kasama rito ang <i>paneer</i> at <i>queso fresco</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matagal_na_iniimbak">Matagal na iniimbak</h3></div> <p>Ang malambot na kesong <i>brie</i> at <i>camembert</i> ay ginagawa kung saan ang puting amag ng <i>Penicillium candida</i> o <i>P. camemberti</i> ay hinayaang bumalot sa labas ng keso nang ilang araw o linggo. Ang amag ang nagbibigay sa suabe at mala-uhog o malagkit na anyo at matapang na lasa sa mga kesong ito. Ginagawa rin ito sa kesong mula sa kambing na ginagamitan ng puti o asul na amag. </p><p>Ang mga kesong di-siniksik ng husto na gumagamit ng asul na amag tulad ng <i>Roquefort</i>, <i>Gorgonzola</i>, at <i>Stilton</i> ay nilalagyan ng amag ng <i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> o <i>Penicillium glaucum</i>. Tumutubo ang amag sa loob ng keso habang ito ay iniimbak. Makikita ang asul na parang ugat at may maanggo at maasim na lasa. Maari itong malambot o matigas kagatin. </p><p>May mga kesong pinaliliguan sa maalat na tubig (tasik) habang pinatatanda ito na paborable naman sa klase ng bakterya (na may mapulang kulay) na nagbibigay ng matapang (o mabahong) na amoy at kakaibang lasa. Ito ay maaring malambot (<i>Limburger</i>), matigas-tigas (<i>Muenster</i>), at matigas (<i>Appenzeller</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ibang_kategoriya">Ibang kategoriya</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kaasmarkt2_close.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kaasmarkt2_close.jpg/220px-Kaasmarkt2_close.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kaasmarkt2_close.jpg/330px-Kaasmarkt2_close.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kaasmarkt2_close.jpg/440px-Kaasmarkt2_close.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Tiangge ng kesong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gouda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gouda (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gouda</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ang pagkakategorya ng keso ayon sa tigas o lambot nito ay karaniwan ngunit walang pamantayan. Ang hanggahan kung alin ang “malambot” at medyo malambot, at medyo matigas at matigas ay arbiraryo dahil ang iba’t-ibang klase ng keso maaring gawing malambot o matigas. Kalimitan, sila ay iniimpake na gumagamit ng molde at presyon at itinatago nang mahabang panahon. </p><p>Ang pamilyar na <i>cheddar</i> ay isang klase ng medyo-matigas o matigas na keso (kasama rito ang <i>Cheshire</i> at <i>Gloucester</i>) kung saan ang kulta ay pinuputol, banayad na iniinit, sinasalansan, at hinahalo bago moldehin sa porma nito. Ang <i>Colby</i> at <i>Monterey</i> Jack ay magkawangki ngunit hindi masyadong matapang at kung saan ang kulta ay hinuhugasan muna bago moldehin na nag-aalis ng asim at calcio. Ang <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Holandes</a> ng keso tulad ng <i>Edam at </i>Gouda<i> ay hinuhugasan din.</i> </p><p>Karaniwang matigas ang mga kesong <i>Suisa</i> tulad ng <i>Emmental</i> at <i>Gruyère</i>. Ang bakterya na nagbibigay ng butas sa loob ng Emmental ang nagbibigay rin ng mabango at matapang na lasa. Ang pinakamatitigas ng keso – na ginagadgad tulad ng <i>Parmesan</i>, <i>Pecorino</i> at <i>Romana</i> - ay sinisiksik nang husto sa malalaking porma at itinatago nang maraming <a href="/wiki/Buwan_(panahon)" title="Buwan (panahon)">buwan</a> o taon. </p><p>Ang mga elaboradong keso (<i>processed cheese</i>) ay gawa sa mga tradisyonal na keso at mga emulsante at karaniwang dinaragdagan ng gatas, dagdag na asin, preserbante, at pangkulay. Hindi ito mahal, regular at natutunaw nang suwabe. Ito ang pinakamabiling kategorya ng keso sa Estados Unidos. Ang maaring pinakapamilyar na elaboradong keso ay ang manilaw-nilaw at hiwa-hiwang kesong Amerikano o <i>Velveeta</i>. May iba’t-ibang baryedad din ito tulad ng <i>Easy Cheese</i> na ibenebenta sa latang ibinubuga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kalusugan_at_nutrisyon">Kalusugan at nutrisyon</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Cheese_market_Basel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cheese_market_Basel.jpg/250px-Cheese_market_Basel.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Cheese_market_Basel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Seleksiyon ng keso sa tindahan sa <a href="/wiki/Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Basel">Basel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sa kabuuan, puno ang keso ng <a href="/wiki/Calcio" title="Calcio">calcio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protina" title="Protina">protina</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fosforo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosforo">fosforo</a>, ang 30 gramo (isang onsa) ng keso ay naglalaman ng pitong gramo ng proteina at 200 miligramo ng calcio. Sa nutrisyon, isang pinatapang na gatas ang keso: kailangan ng 200 gramo (pitong onsa) ng gatas upang magbigay ng kapantay na proteina, at 150 gramo upang mapantayan ang calcio ng keso.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>May mga kakulangan din sa nutrisyon ang keso. Ayon sa Center for Science in the Public Interest (Lunduyan sa Agham para sa Kapakanan ng Mamamayan), ang keso ang numero unong pinanggagalingan ng <i>saturated</i> na taba, tabang tigib, (tabang di maganda sa katawan) at nagsasabing ang karaniwang Amerikano ay kumakain ng 30 libra (13.6 kg) ng keso noong taong 2000, 11 librang maatas kaysa noong 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mungkahi nilang kumain lamang ng dalawang onsa (60 gramo) bawat linggo. Nagdudulot ba sa pagtaas ng peligro sa <a href="/wiki/Sakit_sa_puso" title="Sakit sa puso">sakit sa puso</a> ang mataas na tabang tigib sa keso kung ikukonsidera na ang Pransiya at <a href="/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya">Gresya</a>, na nangunguna sa pagkonsumo ng keso sa mundo mahigit na 14 onsa (400 gramo) bawat linggo bawat katao, o mahigit na 45 libra (20 kg) kada taon ngunit mababa ang baitang ng sakit sa puso.<sup id="cite_ref-McGee_p_67_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGee_p_67-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maraming ahensiya sa seguridad ng pagkain sa mundo ang nagbababala sa mga peligro ng kesong mula sa sariwang (hilaw) gatas. Sinasabi ng Food and Drug Administration sa Estados Unidos na ang malalambot na hilaw na keso ay makapagdudulot ng “malubha at nakahahawang sakit kasama rito ang listeriosis, brucellosis, salmonellosis at <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May batas noong pang 1944 sa <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Europeo" title="Unyong Europeo">Unyong Europeo</a> na nagtatakda na ang lahat ng sariwang keso (kasama ang mga imported mula 1951) ay kailangang pahinogin (aged) muna ng di bababa sa 60 araw. Sa <a href="/wiki/Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia">Australia</a> ay may malawakang pagbabawal sa mga hilaw na keso ngunit pinahintulutan ito sa Suisong keso tulad ng <i>Gruyère</i>, <i>Emmental</i> at <i>Sbrinz</i>, at sa kesong Pranses ng <i>Roquefort</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May ilang nagsasabi ng ang pagkabahala ay di kinakailangan dahil sa ang pasteurisasyon ng gatas ay hindi garantiya sa seguridad nito.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ito ay suportado ng <a href="/wiki/Estadistika" title="Estadistika">estadistika</a> na nagpapakita na sa Europa (kung saan ang bagong hilaw na keso ay legal sa ilang bansa) na karamihan sa pagkalason mula sa keso ay galing sa pasteuradong keso. Maaaring may karagdagang panganib ang mga babaeng buntis kapag kumain ng keso; nagbabala ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (hindi pa naisusulat)">Centers for Disease Control</a> ng Estados Unidos sa mga buntis laban sa pagkain ng malambot-na-hinog na mga keso at may asul na uga na mga keso, hinggil sa panganib sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Listeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listeria (hindi pa naisusulat)">listeria</a> at sa sanggol na dinadala ng ina.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>May ilang pag-aaral na nagpapakita na ang keso kasama rito ang <i>Cheddar</i>, <i>Mozzarella</i>, <i>Swiss</i> at <i>American</i> ay tumutulong para pigilin ang bukbok sa ngipin.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maraming mekanismo ang iminungkahi kung bakit ito nangyayari: </p> <ul><li>Ang calcio, protina at fosforo sa keso ay gumaganap na protektor sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enamel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enamel (hindi pa naisusulat)">enamel</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Ngipin" title="Ngipin">ngipin</a>.</li> <li>Pinararami ng keso ang daloy ng laway na nahuhugas sa mga asido at asukal.</li> <li>Maaring may epektong pangontra sa bakterya ang keso sa bibig.</li></ul> <p>Karaniwang iniiwasan ang keso ng mga taong <i>lactose intolerant</i> ngunit ang hinog na keso tulad ng <i>cheddar</i> ay naglalaman lamang ng halos 5% ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laktoso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laktoso (hindi pa naisusulat)">laktoso</a> na natatagpuan sa sariwang gatas, at halos walang laktoso ang mga nilaong keso.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May ilan ang may masamang reaksiyon sa mga aminang natatagpuan sa keso lalo na ang <a href="/wiki/Histamina" title="Histamina">histamina</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiramina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiramina (hindi pa naisusulat)">tiramina</a>. May ilang keso ang naglalaman ng mataas ng konsentrasyon ng mga aminang ito na nagdudulot ng mga sintomas na katulad sa alerhiyang reakasyon: sakit sa ulo, pantal sa balat, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagtaas_sa_presyon_ng_dugo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagtaas sa presyon ng dugo (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagtaas sa presyon ng dugo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paggawa_ng_keso">Paggawa ng keso</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagkukulta">Pagkukulta</h3></div> <p>Ang paghihiwalay ng kulta sa tubig nito (suwero) ang pinakamahalagang hakbang sa paggawa ng anumang keso. Ito ay kalimitang ginagawa sa pamamagitan ng pagpapaasim at pagdaragdag ng kuwaho sa gatas. Ang pagpapaasim ay magagampanan sa pagdaragdag ng asido tulad ng suka o katas ng limon/kalamansi tulad ng ilang keso (sariwang keso, paneer) ngunit sa karaniwang bakterya ang inilalagay upang umasim. Ginagawang asido laktiko ang mga <a href="/wiki/Asukal" title="Asukal">asukal</a> sa gatas ng mga bakterya. Ito rin (kasama ang mga ensima na kanilang ginawa) ang nagdudulot ng lasa sa nilaong mga keso. Karamihan sa mga keso ay gumagamit ng mga pamilya ng bakterya tulad ng <i>Lactococci</i>, <i>Lactobacilli</i>, o <i>Streptococci</i>. Ang <i>Propionibacter shermani</i> ay ginagamit upang gumawa ng bula ng dioksido carboniko (<i>carbon dioxide</i>) habang nilalaon ito na nagbubunga ng mga butas sa loob ng keso na matatagpuan sa kesong <i>Suiso</i> o <i>Emmentaler</i>. </p><p>May ilang keso na kinukulta sa pagpapaasim lamang ngunit ang iba ay gumagamit na kuwaho. Ang kuwaho ang nagbibigay ng tibay at malagomang halaya kumpara sa marupok na kulta dulot ang koagulasyon lamang. Nagdudulot rin ito ng pagkakulta sa mababang kaasiman – ito ay mahalaga dahil ang mga bakteryang nagbibigay lasa ay ayaw sa maasim na paligid. Sa kalahatan, mas maraming malambot, maliliit at sariwang mga keso ang kinokulta ng may mataas na proporsyon ng asido sa kuwaho kaysa matigas, malaki at matagal na nilalaong mga klase ng keso. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elaborasyon_ng_kulta">Elaborasyon ng kulta</h3></div> <p>Sa puntong ito, namuo na ang keso upang maging isang masabaw na halaya. Sa ilang kesong malambot, ito ay halos tapos na. Ang kailangan na lamang ay salain, asinan at ipakete. Sa karamihan ang kasunod na hakbang ay pagputol-putol ng kulta upang maging maliliit na kubo upang kumatas ang tubig. </p><p>Sa mga matitigas na keso, iniinit sila sa <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> mula 35°C–55°C (100°F–130°F). Nagpapalabas pa ito ng maraming suwero (tubig ng keso) sa mga pinutol ng kulta. Nagpapabago rin ito sa lasa ng tinapos na keso at umaapekto sa kultura ng bakterya at <a href="/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika">kimika</a> ng gatas. Ang mga kesong iniiinit sa mas mataas na temperatura ay karaniwang ginagawa na gumagamit ng termopilikong bakterya - <i>lactobacilli</i> o <i>streptococci</i> - bilang panimula upang maibsan ang hakbang na ito. </p><p>Maraming papel ang asin sa keso maliban sa pagbibigay alat. Nagpepreserba ito para hindi masira, hinahatak nito ang tubig sa kulta, at nagpapatigas ito sa tekstura ng keso mula sa pakikipagniig nito sa kanyang protina. May ilang keso ang inaasnan sa labas ng tuyong asin o tasik (<i>brine</i>). Marami sa keso ang hinahaluan mula sa kulta pa man. </p><p>Ilang pamamaraan ang ginagamit upang magbigay ng pinal na tekstura at lasa. Sumusunod ang ilang halimbawa: </p> <ul><li>Pagbatak: (<i>Mozzarella</i>, <i>Provolone</i>) Ang kulta ay binabatak at minamasa sa mainit na tubig na nagdudulot ng malahibla at malabunot ng katawan.</li> <li><i>Cheddaring</i>: (<i>Cheddar</i>, iba pang kesong Ingles) Ang pinagpuputol na kulta ay paulit-ulit na sinasalansan na nagpapatuyo rito. Hinahalo rin ng matagal habang inaalis ang matatalim na gilid sa mga pinutol na piraso ng kulta na nagdudulot ng pinal na tekstura ng produkto.</li> <li>Paghugas: (<i>Edam</i>, <i>Gouda</i>, <i>Colby</i>) Hinuhugasan sa maligamgam na tubig na nagpapababa sa kaasiman at nagpapasuwabe sa lasa ng keso.</li></ul> <p>Nakakamit ng karamihan ng keso ang kanilang hugis kapag ang kulta inilagay sa molde. Mas matigas ang keso, mas matigas ang presyong ginamit. Ang presyon ay nagpapalabas ng tubig – ang mga molde ay idinesenyo upang palabasin ang tubig – at binubuo ang kulta na maging isang solidong katawan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paglalaon_o_pagpapahinog">Paglalaon o pagpapahinog</h3></div> <p>Karaniwang maalat ngunit walang lasa ang bagong gawang keso at kung istilong matigas, malagoma sa tekstura. Ang mga katangiang ito ay tama na upang kainin nang ganito. Karaniwan ang mga keso ay itinatago sa ilalim ng kontroladong kondisyones. Ang paglalaon ito (na tinatawag din ng pagpapahinog, na tinatawag sa Pranses na <i>affinage</i>) ay tumatagal ng ilang araw hanggang ilang taon. Habang hinihinog ang keso, pinatitindi ang lasa and naiiba ang tekstura ng keso dahil sa mga mikrobyo at ensima. Ang pagbabagong ito ay idinulot ng pagbabaklas ng proteina ng caseins at taba ng gatas na maging kumplikadong halo ng mga <a href="/wiki/Asido_amino" class="mw-redirect" title="Asido amino">asido amino</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amina (hindi pa naisusulat)">amina</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matatabang_asido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matatabang asido (hindi pa naisusulat)">matatabang asido</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Vacherin_du_haut_Doubs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Vacherin_du_haut_Doubs.jpg/250px-Vacherin_du_haut_Doubs.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Vacherin_du_haut_Doubs.jpg/500px-Vacherin_du_haut_Doubs.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption><i>Kesong Vacherin du Haut-Doubs</i>, isang kesong Pranses na nababalutan ng puting amag ng <i>Penicillium</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ilang keso ay may dagdag na bakterya o amag na idinagdag bago o noong pinahihinog. Sa tradisyonal na paggawa ng keso, ang mga mikrobyong kailangan ay nasa hangin na sa loob ng kamalig na pahinugan. Ang kailangan lamang ay ang sila’y dumapo at dumami sa nakatagong mga keso. Ngayon, isang preparadong kultura na mga mikrobyo ang ginanagamit upang magbigay ng inaasahang resulta at hindi umaasa sa paligid kung saan ito pinahihinog. </p><p>Sa mga kesong asul (<i>Roquefort</i>, <i>Stilton</i>, <i>Gorgonzola</i>), ang amag na <i>Penicillium</i> ang isinasama sa kulta bago ito hugisin. Habang pinahihinog, ang amag na asul (<i>P. roqueforti</i> o <i>P. glaucum</i> ) ay hinahayaang dumami sa maliliit na bitak ng keso na nagdudulot ng matapang na lasa at amoy. Ang mga amag ring ito ang ginagamit sa rabaw ng ilang pinahinog na keso mula sa gatas ng kambing. Ang malalambot na keso tulad ng <i>Brie</i> at <i>Camembert</i> ay nababalutan ng ibang uri ng <i>Penicillium</i> tulad ng <i>P. candidum</i> o <i>P. camemberti</i> na maputi. Ang mga amag sa rabaw nito ang nagdudulot rin sa anyo at lasa ng mga maliliit na kesong ito. </p><p>Ang ilang keso ay hinuhugasan ng paulit-ulit sa tasik habang pinahihinog. Hindi lamang ito nagbibigay ito ng lasa sa keso kundi ang maalat na piligid ay mainam sa pagdami ng bakteryang <i>Brevibacterium linens</i> na nagbibigay ng matapang na amoy (<i>Limburger</i>) at interesanteng lasa. Ang ibang keso ay dinadagdagan din ng mga <i>spices</i> o <a href="/wiki/Alak" class="mw-redirect" title="Alak">alak</a>. Ang bakterya ring ito ay nagdudulot ng epekto sa keso tulad ng <i>Camembert</i> na pinahihinog sa maalingsangang kondisyon. Kapag marami ito sa keso, makikita ito na isang malagkit na mapula-pulang sapin sa ilang kesong hinagan sa tasik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keso_sa_iba’t-ibang_wika"><span id="Keso_sa_iba.E2.80.99t-ibang_wika"></span>Keso sa iba’t-ibang wika</h2></div> <p>Sa kasaysayan ng <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">wikang Ingles</a>, ang salitang cheese ay <i>chese</i> (sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitnang_Ingles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gitnang Ingles (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gitnang Ingles</a>) at <i>cīese</i> o <i>cēse</i> (sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinaunang_Ingles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinaunang Ingles (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sinaunang Ingles</a>). Kawangki ito sa mga wikang mula sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Kanluraning_Aleman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Kanluraning Aleman (hindi pa naisusulat)">Wikang Kanluraning Aleman</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Frisian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Frisian</a> <i>tsiis</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Olandes" title="Wikang Olandes">Holandes</a> <i>kaas</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Aleman" title="Wikang Aleman">Aleman</a> <i>Käse</i>, Mataas ng Sinaunang Aleman <i>chāsi</i> — na maaring nanggaling sa binuong Kanluraning-Aleman ng salitang-ugat na <i>kasjus</i>, na hiniram mula sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Latin" title="Wikang Latin">Latin</a>. Ang salitang Latin na <i>caseus</i> — kung saan nanggaling ang <i>queso</i> sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a> (at kung saan nanggaling ang keso sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tagalog" title="Wikang Tagalog">Tagalog</a>), <i>queijo</i> sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Portuges" title="Wikang Portuges">Portuges</a>, <i>caş</i> sa Romanio at <i>cacio</i> sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Italyano" title="Wikang Italyano">Italyano</a> — at ang ugat Celtico na nagbigay ng <i>cáise</i> sa Irish at <i>caws</i> sa Welsh ay magkakawangki. Sinasabing ang mga salitang ito ay nagmula sa salitang ugat na <i>kwat-</i> sa proto-Indo-Europeo na maykahulugang “paasimin; iburo”. </p><p>Nang magsimulang gumawa ng matitigas na keso ang mga Romano para sa kanilang mga sundalo, isang bagong salita ang ginamit: <i>formaticum</i>, mula <i>caseus formatus</i> o “hulmadong keso”. Sa salitang ito nanggaling ang <i>fromage</i> sa Pranses, <i>formaggio</i> sa Italyano, <i>fourmaj</i> sa Bretanyo at <i>furmo</i> sa Provinciano. Ang keso ay minsang itinutukoy sa “hulmado”. Ang keso de bola sa mga salitang nabanggit. </p><p>Sa slang ng makabagong Ingles, ang salitang “<i>cheesy</i>” ay may kahulugang kitsch, mura, di-tunay, mababang klase. Ang <a href="/wiki/Balbal" title="Balbal">balbal</a> na “<i>cheesed off</i>” ay malungkot o naiinis. Ang mga negatibong salitang ito ay maaring galing sa amoy ng keso kapag ito’y laon na. Ito ang dahilan sa ekspresyon na “<i>cutting the cheese</i>” na magandang salita sa pag-utot. Ngunit ang salitang “<i>the big cheese</i>” ay nauukol sa isang mahalagang tao sa grupo, ang “<i>big shot</i>” o “<i>head honcho</i>”. Sinasabing ang salitang ito ay di galing sa salitang <i>cheese</i> kundi sa <i>chiz</i> na salitang Persiko o Hindi na may kahulugang isang bagay.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa balbal ng mga taga-Amerika at taga-Canada ang mga bus na pampaaaralan ay tinatawag na "<i>cheese wagons</i>", dahil sa dilaw na kulay ng bus. Kapag kinukunan ng retrato, "<i>say cheese!</i>" upang mangiti ang mga kinukunan dahil may mahabang katinig na /i/ ang bigkas nito. Ang mga tao mula sa <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> at Holandya na pusod ng paggawa ng keso ay tinatawag ng “<i>cheeseheads</i>”. Ang bansag na ito ay buong pusong tanggap ng mga tagahanga ng <a href="/wiki/Palakasan" title="Palakasan">palakasan</a> sa Wisconsin – lalo na ng mga tagahanga ng Green Bay Packers – na makikitang nagsusuot sa ulo ng sombrerong may korteng ng isang hiwa ng keso. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Talababa">Talababa</h2></div> <p>Lahat sa wikang Ingles: </p> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Newsweek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newsweek (hindi pa naisusulat)">Newsweek</a>, 1 Oktubre 1962 according to <i>The Columbia Dictionary of Quotations</i> (Columbia University Press, 1993 <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0231071949" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-2310719-4-9</a> p 345). Numbers besides 246 are often cited in very similar quotes; whether these are misquotes or whether de Gaulle repeated the same quote with different numbers is unclear.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, John H. (1995). Cheesemaking in Scotland - A History, The Scottish Dairy Association. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0952532301" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-9525323-0-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebs.hw.ac.uk/SDA/publshr.html">Full text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050903160309/http://www.ebs.hw.ac.uk/sda/publshr.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2005-09-03 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebs.hw.ac.uk/SDA/cheese1.html">Chapter with cheese timetable</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051013085013/http://www.ebs.hw.ac.uk/SDA/cheese1.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2005-10-13 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cecil Adams (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a990723a.html">Straight Dope: How did the moon=green cheese myth start?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513024754/http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a990723a.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-05-13 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Retrieved 15 Oktubre 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGee_p_67-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-McGee_p_67_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-McGee_p_67_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">McGee, p 67. McGee supports both this contention and that more food poisonings in Europe are caused by pasteurized cheeses than raw-milk.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rebecca Buckman (2003). Let Then Eat Cheese. Far Eastern Economic Review 166 n. 49: 41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/cultural/2003/1211chinacheese.htm">Full text</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Toronto Public Health. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toronto.ca/health/nm_faq_halal_foods.htm">Frequently Asked Questions about Halal Foods</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051124105844/http://www.toronto.ca/health/nm_faq_halal_foods.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2005-11-24 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Retrieved 15 Oktubre 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">McGee, Harold (2004). On Food and Cooking (Revised Edition), Scribner. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0684800012" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-684-80001-2</a>. p 58, "Why Some People Can't Stand Cheese."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nutritional data from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/FOOD/resources/food.for.thought/dairy/compare.dairy.html">CNN Interactive</a>. Retrieved 20 Oktubre 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Center for Science in the Public Interest (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cspinet.org/new/cheese.html">Don't Say Cheese</a>. Retrieved 15 Oktubre 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2005/fda_cheese.html">FDA Warns About Soft Cheese Health Risk</a>. Retrieved 15 Oktubre 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Mercer (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ap-foodtechnology.com/news/ng.asp?id=62799-fsanz-roquefort-speciality-cheese">Australia lifts Roquefort cheese safety ban</a>. Retrieved 22 Oktubre 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Janet Fletcher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.specialtyfood.com/do/news/ViewNewsArticle?id=1841">The Myths About Raw-Milk Cheese</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011173250/http://specialtyfood.com/do/news/ViewNewsArticle?id=1841">Naka-arkibo</a> 2007-10-11 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Retrieved 15 Oktubre 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancycomplications/listeria.html">Listeria and pregnancy</a>, from the American Pregnancy Association. Retrieved 28 Pebrero 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Dairy Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/NationalDairyCouncil/Nutrition/Products/cheesePage6.htm">Specific Health Benefits of Cheese</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080807181601/http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/NationalDairyCouncil/Nutrition/Products/cheesePage6.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-08-07 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Retrieved 15 Oktubre 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilovecheese.com/lactose_intolerant_faqs.asp">Lactose Intolerance FAQs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730190352/http://www.ilovecheese.com/lactose_intolerant_faqs.asp">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-07-30 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. from the American Dairy Association. Retrieved 15 Oktubre 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Quinion (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-big1.htm">World Wide Words: Big Cheese</a>. Retrieved 15 Oktubre 2005.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2></div> <p>Lahat sa wikang Ingles: </p> <ul><li>Jenkins, Steven (1996). Cheese Primer, Workman Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0894807625" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-894-80762-5</a></li> <li>McGee, Harold (2004). On Food and Cooking (Revised Edition), Scribner. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0684800012" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-684-80001-2</a> pp 51–63, "Cheese"</li> <li>James Mellgren (2003). 2003 Specialty Cheese Manual, Part II: Knowing the Family of Cheese. 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