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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>One-party state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-One-party_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cadre_to_mass_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cadre_to_mass_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cadre to mass party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cadre_to_mass_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congresses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congresses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Congresses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congresses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_wing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_wing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Student wing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_wing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Student wing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Student_wing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inspirations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inspirations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Inspirations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inspirations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Purge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fall_from_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_from_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Fall from power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_from_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairmen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairmen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Chairmen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairmen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-People's_Assembly_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Assembly_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>People's Assembly elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Assembly_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Burma Socialist Programme Party</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Партия на бирманската социалистическа програма – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Партия на бирманската социалистическа програма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_del_Programa_Socialista_de_Birmania" title="Partido del Programa Socialista de Birmania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido del Programa Socialista de Birmania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_du_programme_socialiste_birman" title="Parti du programme socialiste birman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti du programme socialiste birman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="बर्मा सोश्लिस्ट प्रोग्राम पार्टी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बर्मा सोश्लिस्ट प्रोग्राम पार्टी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Program_Sosialis_Burma" title="Partai Program Sosialis Burma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Program Sosialis Burma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_del_Programma_Socialista_della_Birmania" title="Partito del Programma Socialista della Birmania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito del Programma Socialista della Birmania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE" title="မြန်မာ့ဆိုရှယ်လစ်လမ်းစဉ်ပါတီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြန်မာ့ဆိုရှယ်လစ်လမ်းစဉ်ပါတီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmese_Socialistische_Programma_Partij" title="Birmese Socialistische Programma Partij – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Birmese Socialistische Programma Partij" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB%E5%85%9A" title="ビルマ社会主義計画党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビルマ社会主義計画党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_do_Programa_Socialista_da_Birm%C3%A2nia" title="Partido do Programa Socialista da Birmânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido do Programa Socialista da Birmânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Партия бирманской социалистической программы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Партия бирманской социалистической программы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Бурманска партија социјалистичког програма – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бурманска партија социјалистичког програма" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burman_sosialistisen_ohjelman_puolue" title="Burman sosialistisen ohjelman puolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Burman sosialistisen ohjelman puolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="พรรคโครงการสังคมนิยมพม่า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรรคโครงการสังคมนิยมพม่า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_Sosyalist_Program_Partisi" title="Burma Sosyalist Program Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Burma Sosyalist Program Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Партія бірманської соціалістичної програми – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Партія бірманської соціалістичної програми" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B6%B1%E9%A0%98%E9%BB%A8" title="緬甸社會主義綱領黨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="緬甸社會主義綱領黨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ruling party of Burma from 1962 to 1988</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Burma Socialist Programme Party">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Burma+Socialist+Programme+Party%22">"Burma Socialist Programme Party"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Burma+Socialist+Programme+Party%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Burma+Socialist+Programme+Party%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Burma+Socialist+Programme+Party%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Burma+Socialist+Programme+Party%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Burma+Socialist+Programme+Party%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #EE0000; border-bottom:2px solid #EE0000; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Burma Socialist Programme Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="my"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style><span class="noitalic"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">မြန်မာ့ဆိုရှယ်လစ်လမ်းစဉ်ပါတီ</span></span></span></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party.png/180px-Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/df/Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party.png 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">BSPP (English)<br /><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">မဆလ</span></span> (Burmese)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4 July 1962<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1962-07-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">24 September 1988<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1988-09-24</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_(Myanmar)" title="National Unity Party (Myanmar)">National Unity Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangoon">Rangoon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lansin_Lu-nge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lansin Lu-nge">Programme Youth Organisation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Way_to_Socialism" title="Burmese Way to Socialism">Burmese Way to Socialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party_(1962%E2%80%931988).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_the_Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party_%281962%E2%80%931988%29.svg/175px-Flag_of_the_Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party_%281962%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_the_Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party_%281962%E2%80%931988%29.svg/263px-Flag_of_the_Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party_%281962%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_the_Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party_%281962%E2%80%931988%29.svg/350px-Flag_of_the_Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party_%281962%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #EE0000;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Myanmar" title="Politics of Myanmar">Politics of Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Myanmar" title="List of political parties in Myanmar">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Myanmar" title="Elections in Myanmar">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Burma Socialist Programme Party</b> (<b>BSPP</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the <a href="/wiki/Ruling_party" title="Ruling party">ruling party</a> of Burma (now <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>) from 1962 to 1988 and the country's <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">sole legal party</a> from 1964 to 1988. Party chairman <a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a> overthrew the country's democratically elected government in a <a href="/wiki/1962_Burmese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1962 Burmese coup d'état">coup d'état on 2 March 1962</a>. For the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_the_Union_of_Burma" title="Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma">next 26 years</a>, the BSPP governed Burma under a <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">military dictatorship</a>, until <a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">mass protests in 1988</a> pressured party officials to adopt a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_and_programme">Founding and programme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Founding and programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The BSPP was established on 4 July 1962, after the declaration of the "<a href="/wiki/Burmese_Way_to_Socialism" title="Burmese Way to Socialism">Burmese Way to Socialism</a>" (BWS) by the <a href="/wiki/Union_Revolutionary_Council" title="Union Revolutionary Council">Union Revolutionary Council</a> (URC) on 30 April 1962. The BWS set out the political and economic ideology of the URC which had taken over power in the <a href="/wiki/1962_Burmese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1962 Burmese coup d'état">military coup</a> of 2 March 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-badgley_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-badgley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BSPP advocated a programme of the "Burmese Way to Socialism" which, according to Ne Win, incorporated elements of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The programme was described by some scholars as <a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">anti-Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isolationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Isolationist">isolationist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-badgley_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-badgley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A booklet entitled <i>Special Characteristics of the Burma Socialist Programme Party</i> was published in January 1963 in both Burmese and English. The booklet distinguished the BSPP's ideology from those of both "<a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeois</a>" <a href="/wiki/Social_democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democrat">social democratic</a> parties and <a href="/wiki/Communist_party" title="Communist party">communist parties</a>. The BSPP, the booklet stated, rejected the "bourgeois" belief and practices of social democratic parties that <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> could be reached through parliamentary methods (even before the announcement of the BWS, the URC had already abolished, by decree, the parliament that was established under the 1947 Burmese Constitution, stating in effect that <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary democracy</a> was not suitable for Burma). The booklet further stated that, although there was much to be learnt from the doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engels" class="mw-redirect" title="Engels">Engels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a>, it did not regard their word as "gospel" unlike the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Burma" title="Communist Party of Burma">Burmese communists</a>, which the booklet referred to as "vulgar <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialists</a>". </p><p>Later in the same year the BSPP elaborated on its ideology in a book published in both Burmese and English entitled <i>The System of Correlation between Man and His Environment</i>, commonly referred to simply as "correlation" (<span title="Burmese-language romanization"><i lang="my-Latn">innya myinnya</i></span>). The book used both Buddhist and Marxist rhetoric to espouse what came to be known as the "Burmese Way to Socialism". Its most memorable line was borrowed from an old popular expression, "One can only afford to be moral on a full stomach", which struck a chord with the people trying to eke out a living in increasingly dire economic circumstances under the rule of the BSPP. These economic conditions were a consequence of the policies implemented by the BSPP-led Socialist Economy Construction Committee (<i>hsa sa ta ka</i>), starting with the <a href="/wiki/Nationalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisation">nationalisation</a> of all businesses across the board. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="One-party_state">One-party state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: One-party state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 23 March 1964, the URC issued a decree entitled "The Law Protecting National Unity" whereby all political parties except the BSPP were abolished and their assets appropriated. This was repealed on the day the <a href="/wiki/State_Law_and_Order_Restoration_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="State Law and Order Restoration Council">State Law and Order Restoration Council</a> (SLORC) seized power in the military coup of 18 September 1988. </p><p>The now-defunct 1974 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma constitutionalised the BSPP's leading role in Burmese politics. Article 11 of the 1974 Constitution stated that, "The State shall adopt a single party system. The Burma Socialist Programme Party is the single political party and it shall lead the State".<sup id="cite_ref-ms_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provision merely formalised what was already a <a href="/wiki/Fait_accompli" class="mw-redirect" title="Fait accompli">fait accompli</a>—a <a href="/wiki/One-party_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="One-party rule">one-party state</a>—since March 1964. </p><p>All <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">government servants</a> from all sectors including doctors, teachers, engineers, scientists, managers from the <a href="/wiki/Nationalized_industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalized industries">nationalized industries</a> and businesses as well as civil administrators were compelled to undergo a three-month political indoctrination and basic military training at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hpaunggyi_Central_People%27s_Services_Training_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hpaunggyi Central People's Services Training School (page does not exist)">Hpaunggyi Central People's Services Training School</a>, accommodated in military barracks, starting in the early 1970s. The phrase "socialist consciousness" (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ဆိုရှယ်လစ်အသိ</span></span>, <span title="Burmese-language romanization"><i lang="my-Latn">hsoshalit athi</i></span>) became a pun for socialist friend or connection that one must have to get anything or anywhere. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Intelligence_Service_(Burma)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Intelligence Service (Burma) (page does not exist)">Military Intelligence Service</a> (MIS) and its army of informers served the function of the <a href="/wiki/Secret_police" title="Secret police">secret police</a> to sniff out and extinguish any political dissent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cadre_to_mass_party">Cadre to mass party</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cadre to mass party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1971 BSPP was opened up for mass membership as "a people's party". During the 1960s, there were three types of membership in the BSPP. The first type or tier was that of a "friend of the party" (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ပါတီမိတ်ဆွေ</span></span>). The second type or tier was "alternate or provisional membership" (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">အရန်ပါတီဝင်</span></span>, lending itself to mockery as <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">အရမ်း</span></span> means "reckless") and the third type was that of a "fully-fledged" party member (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">တင်းပြည့်ပါတီဝင်</span></span>). Under the party rules of the time once a person became a "full party member", unless there were extraordinary reasons such as those of ill-health one could not "resign from the party". A full party member could only be dismissed from the party. The BSPP continued to be dominated by the military, and in 1972 more than half of its 73,369 full members was still made up of army or police personnel; Dr. <a href="/wiki/Maung_Maung" title="Maung Maung">Maung Maung</a> was notably the only civilian in the higher echelons of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Congresses">Congresses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Congresses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to being transformed from a cadre party to a mass party, the BSPP held four seminars, the last one from 6 to 11 November 1969. </p> <ul><li>The first Congress of the BSPP was held from 28 June 1971 to 11 July 1971</li> <li>The second in October 1973</li> <li>The third in February 1977</li> <li>The fourth in August 1981</li> <li>The fifth in October 1985</li></ul> <p>Extraordinary Congresses of the BSPP were held in: </p> <ul><li>April 1973</li> <li>October 1976</li> <li>November 1977</li> <li>July 1988</li> <li>September 1988</li></ul> <p>At each regular Congress of the BSPP starting from June 1971 to October 1985, Ne Win was elected and re-elected by the BSPP as its chairman. Each Congress also elected a 150 to 200 member Central Committee and in the later Congresses a Central Executive Committee (roughly equivalent to that of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo" title="Politburo">Politburo</a> in one-party Communist States though the term "Politburo" was never used) of about 10 to 15 members were elected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_wing">Student wing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Student wing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lansin_Lu-nge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lansin Lu-nge">Lansin Lu-nge</a></div> <p>The URC merged the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Scouts_Association" title="Myanmar Scouts Association">Union of Burma Boy Scouts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Girl_Guides" title="Myanmar Girl Guides">Union of Burma Girl Guides Association</a> in 1962 to create the coeducational Union of Burma Boy Scouts and Girl Guides (UBBSGG). The URC dissolved the UBBSGG on 1 March 1964 and turned over its assets to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Myanmar)" title="Ministry of Education (Myanmar)">Ministry of Education</a>, which subsequently formed the <a href="/wiki/Lansin_Lu-nge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lansin Lu-nge">Programme Youth Organisation</a> (PYO; <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">လမ်းစဉ်လူငယ်အဖွဲ့</span></span>, <span title="Burmese-language romanization"><i lang="my-Latn">Lansin Lu-nge Aphwe</i></span>) as the UBBSGG's replacement. </p><p>All students, from elementary to university level, were required to join the PYO.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organisation had three branches: The <a href="/wiki/Lansin_Lu-nge#Tei-za_Lu-nge_(Glorious_Youth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lansin Lu-nge">Glorious Youth</a> (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">တေဇလူငယ်</span></span>, <span title="Burmese-language romanization"><i lang="my-Latn">Teiza Lu-nge</i></span>) for primary school students (5 to 9 years old), the <a href="/wiki/Lansin_Lu-nge#Shei-hsaung_Lu-nge_(Pioneer_Youth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lansin Lu-nge">Pioneer Youth</a> (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ရှေ့ဆောင်လူငယ်</span></span>, <span title="Burmese-language romanization"><i lang="my-Latn">Sheihsaung Lu-nge</i></span>) for middle and high school students (10 to 15 years old), and the <a href="/wiki/Lansin_Lu-nge#Lan-sin_Lu-nge_(Programme_Youth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lansin Lu-nge">Programme Youth</a> (<span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">လမ်းစဉ်လူငယ်</span></span>, <span title="Burmese-language romanization"><i lang="my-Latn">Lansin Lu-nge</i></span>) for college or university students and youths (16 to 25 years old). Upon reaching the age of 18 years old, members of the Programme Youth could apply to become provisional members of the BSPP. At the age of 21 years old, a provisional member could apply to become a full-fledged member of the BSPP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inspirations">Inspirations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inspirations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the BSPP was anti-communist and neutral in Cold War politics, the student wings of BSPP were based on the model of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Communist_League" title="Young Communist League">Young Communist Leagues</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries, particularly the Soviet Union's <i><a href="/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">Komsomol</a></i>. </p> <ul><li>တေဇလူငယ်: တေဇ (Teiza) has nothing to do with the meaning of its words, but it was the <i>nom de guerre</i> of <a href="/wiki/Aung_San" title="Aung San">Aung San</a> (ဗိုလ်တေဇ, Bo Teiza), who was one of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Comrades" title="Thirty Comrades">Thirty Comrades</a>. The photo of Aung San as Bo Teiza is their badge, and they wore blue scarf and uniform like children organizations from communist countries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ရှေ့ဆောင်လူငယ်: ရှေ့‌ဆောင် (Sheihsaung) is translation of Pioneer. It was formed as the <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_movement" title="Pioneer movement">pioneer movement</a>. They wore school uniform and the <a href="/wiki/Red_scarf" title="Red scarf">red scarf</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like pioneer movement of communist countries.</li> <li>လမ်းစဉ်လူငယ်: လမ်းစဉ် (Lansin) means either "programme" (as in Burma Socialist Programme Party) or "way" (as in <a href="/wiki/Burmese_Way_to_Socialism" title="Burmese Way to Socialism">Burmese Way to Socialism</a>) or "path" (as in <a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Magga Path</a>). They did not wear scarf, but top white and bottom blue uniform either westernized or traditional.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purge">Purge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Purge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1977 a purge of the BSPP including those on the Central Committee took place. This schism in the BSPP was seen as a power-struggle or in-fighting between the military faction and the ex-communist faction (mainly consisting of some ex-communist rebels who had surrendered to the government, joined and risen in the ranks of the BSPP hierarchy and their sympathisers) in the BSPP. Among the thousands that were purged from the party were <a href="/wiki/Leftists" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftists">leftists</a> or <a href="/wiki/Communist_sympathizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist sympathizers">communist sympathizers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crisis">Crisis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An Extraordinary Congress of the BSPP was held from 23 to 26 July 1988. In his inaugural speech on 23 July 1988, party chairman Ne Win stunned the nation when he, "taking indirect responsibility for the sad and bloody events of March and June 1988" (whereby many students and civilians in largely peaceful protests against the BSPP regime were shot and killed by the Military Police <i>Lone Htein</i>) tendered his resignation as party chairman. Ne Win also announced that four of his colleagues vice-chairman and State President <a href="/wiki/San_Yu" title="San Yu">San Yu</a>, General Secretary Aye Ko, Joint-General Secretary Sein Lwin and Member of the Central Executive Committee Tun Tin, also a Deputy Prime Minister, had expressed their desire to resign. Referring to the student-led demonstrations against the government in March and June 1988 Ne Win stated that these events indicated that some people "don't like the government and the Party that led the government". He also proposed that a nationwide referendum be held in late September 1988 to determine whether the people preferred the <a href="/wiki/One-party_system" class="mw-redirect" title="One-party system">one-party system</a> or wished to shift to a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fall_from_power">Fall from power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fall from power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The BSPP Congress accepted the resignations of Chairman Ne Win and Vice-chairman San Yu but rejected the resignations of General Secretary Aye Ko, Joint General Secretary Sein Lwin and Central Executive Committee member Tun Tin. Joint-General Secretary Sein Lwin (former Brigadier, d. 9 April 2004) was chosen and appointed as the new Chairman of the Party by the Party Congress. The appointment of <a href="/wiki/Sein_Lwin" title="Sein Lwin">Sein Lwin</a>, who was widely perceived to be mainly responsible for the shootings and killings of more than 100 students at <a href="/wiki/Yangon_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangon University">Rangoon University</a> on 7 July 1962, shortly after Ne Win's <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the killings of students and civilians in March and June 1988, earning the epithet "Butcher of Rangoon", sparked widespread protests in the country. </p><p>The Extraordinary Party Congress of July 1988 also rejected Ne Win's call for a national referendum. The election of Sein Lwin as Party Chairman as well as the refusal by the BSPP to take steps to move towards a multi-party system led to massive demonstrations to which the military responded by shooting and killing hundreds if not thousands of demonstrators in many towns and cities across the country from 8–12 August 1988. On 12 August 1988 Sein Lwin resigned as both Party Chairman and State President. After the selection by the BSPP Central Committee of Dr <a href="/wiki/Maung_Maung" title="Maung Maung">Maung Maung</a> (31 January 1925 – 2 July 1994) as Party Chairman on 19 August and later by the <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_(Burma)" title="People's Assembly (Burma)">Pyithu Hluttaw</a></i> as State President on 20 August 1988, the uprising against the BSPP government intensified. </p><p>On 10 September 1988 in yet another hastily reconvened Congress, the BSPP decided to hold <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-party elections">multi-party elections</a> and the next day the Pyithu Hluttaw passed a resolution to hold multi-party elections "not earlier than 45 days and not later than 90 days". However massive demonstrations in Rangoon and the rest of the country continued, demanding for the resignation of the BSPP government led by Dr Maung Maung in favour of a neutral <a href="/wiki/Interim_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Interim government">interim government</a> to supervise multi-party elections. On 18 September 1988 the <a href="/wiki/State_Law_and_Order_Restoration_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="State Law and Order Restoration Council">State Law and Order Restoration Council</a> (SLORC or <i>na wa ta</i>), led by the army Chief of Staff General <a href="/wiki/Saw_Maung" title="Saw Maung">Saw Maung</a> (d. July 1997) took over after crushing the failed <a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a> of 8 August 1988. </p><p>The party changed its name to the <a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_(Myanmar)" title="National Unity Party (Myanmar)">National Unity Party</a> (NUP) on 24 September 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_1991_p20_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_1991_p20-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NUP contested the <a href="/wiki/1990_Burmese_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Burmese general election">1990 general election</a> and was seen as a proxy party of the military and the main rival to <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_League_for_Democracy" title="National League for Democracy">National League for Democracy</a>. The NUP was defeated in the election, but the results were not recognised by the military and subsequently voided.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_1991_p20_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_1991_p20-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NUP_Irrawaddy_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUP_Irrawaddy-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chairmen">Chairmen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chairmen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2" width="100px">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th colspan="3">Term of office </th> <th rowspan="2">Additional position(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EE0000; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">1</span> </th> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a><br /><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">နေဝင်း</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1911–2002)</span> </td> <td>4 July 1962 </td> <td>23 July 1988<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising#Ne_Win_resigns" title="8888 Uprising">resigned</a>.</i>)</span> </td> <td>26 years, 19 days </td> <td>Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Revolutionary_Council" title="Union Revolutionary Council">Union Revolutionary Council</a> and Prime Minister (1962–1974)<br />President (1962–1981) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EE0000; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">2</span> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/100px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/200px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sein_Lwin" title="Sein Lwin">Sein Lwin</a><br /><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">စိန်လွင်</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1923–2004)</span> </td> <td>26 July 1988 </td> <td>12 August 1988<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">resigned</a>.</i>)</span> </td> <td>17 days </td> <td>President (1988) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EE0000; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">3</span> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/100px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/200px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maung_Maung" title="Maung Maung">Maung Maung</a><br /><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">မောင်မောင်</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–1994)</span> </td> <td>19 August 1988 </td> <td>18 September 1988<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising#SLORC_coup_and_crackdown" title="8888 Uprising">deposed</a>.</i>)</span> </td> <td>30 days </td> <td>President (1988) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Assembly_elections"><span id="People.27s_Assembly_elections"></span>People's Assembly elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: People's Assembly elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Party leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Position </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Burmese_general_election" title="1974 Burmese general election">1974</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>100% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">451 / 451</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #EE0000; color:inherit; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 451 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Sole legal party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1978_Burmese_general_election" title="1978 Burmese general election">1978</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>100% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">464 / 464</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #EE0000; color:inherit; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Sole legal party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Burmese_general_election" title="1981 Burmese general election">1981</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>100% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">475 / 475</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #EE0000; color:inherit; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Sole legal party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Burmese_general_election" title="1985 Burmese general election">1985</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>100% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">489 / 489</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #EE0000; color:inherit; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Sole legal party </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>: <span lang="my">မြန်မာ့ဆိုရှယ်လစ်လမ်းစဉ်ပါတီ</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="my-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[mjəma̰<span class="wrap"> </span>sʰòʃɛ̀lɪʔ<span class="wrap"> </span>láɰ̃zɪ̀ɰ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>pàtì]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviated</a> <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">မဆလ</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="my-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ma̰<span class="wrap"> </span>sʰa̰<span class="wrap"> </span>la̰]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-badgley-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-badgley_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-badgley_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBadgley1963" class="citation journal cs1">Badgley, John H. (1963). "Burma: The Nexus of Socialism and Two Political Traditions". <i>A Survey of Asia in 1962: Part II</i>. <b>3</b> (2). University of California Press: <span class="nowrap">89–</span>95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3023680">10.2307/3023680</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3023680">3023680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Survey+of+Asia+in+1962%3A+Part+II&rft.atitle=Burma%3A+The+Nexus+of+Socialism+and+Two+Political+Traditions&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3023680&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3023680%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Badgley&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_Taylor" title="Robert Lewis Taylor">Taylor, Robert</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=njvzCQAAQBAJ"><i>General Ne Win: A Political Biography</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Southeast_Asian_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Southeast Asian Studies">Institute of Southeast Asian Studies</a>. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814620130" title="Special:BookSources/9789814620130"><bdi>9789814620130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Ne+Win%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789814620130&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnjvzCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs/System-of-correlation.htm">"THE SYSTEM OF CORRELATION OF MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT"</a>. <i>Burmalibrary.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113235939/http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs/System-of-correlation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Burmalibrary.org&rft.atitle=THE+SYSTEM+OF+CORRELATION+OF+MAN+AND+HIS+ENVIRONMENT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burmalibrary.org%2Fdocs%2FSystem-of-correlation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoutman1999" class="citation book cs1">Houtman, Gustaaf (1999). <i>Mental culture in Burmese crisis politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy</i>. ILCAA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-87297-748-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-87297-748-6"><bdi>978-4-87297-748-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mental+culture+in+Burmese+crisis+politics%3A+Aung+San+Suu+Kyi+and+the+National+League+for+Democracy&rft.pub=ILCAA&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-4-87297-748-6&rft.aulast=Houtman&rft.aufirst=Gustaaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ms-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ms_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ms_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Smith1991" class="citation book cs1">Martin Smith (1991). <i>Burma – Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity</i>. 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"တို့တေဇလူငယ်" [Our Teiza Lu-nge / Our Glorious Youth]. <i>၁၉၈၄ခုနှစ်‌ အောက်တိုဘာလ တေဇ ရုပ်စုံ အထူးထုတ် [1984 October, Teiza Comic Magazine, Special Edition]</i> (in Burmese). Myawaddy Publishing, Ministry of Information. pp. 3, 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%88%E1%81%84%E1%80%81%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E2%80%8C+%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C+%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%87+%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6+%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA+%5B1984+October%2C+Teiza+Comic+Magazine%2C+Special+Edition%5D&rft.atitle=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA&rft.pages=3%2C+5&rft.date=1984-10&rft.au=%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE&rft.au=%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%87%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/100003754434654/1107903792678091">"Lin San Tyna on Facebook"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1107903792678091&id=100003754434654&set=a.137850563016757&source=48">the original</a></span> on 27 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=Lin+San+Tyna+on+Facebook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D1107903792678091%26id%3D100003754434654%26set%3Da.137850563016757%26source%3D48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a user-generated source. (March 2022)">user-generated source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>၁၉၈၆ခုနှစ် (၃၉)နှစ်မြောက်ပြည်ထောင်စုနေ့ မှတ်တမ်းတင်ရောင်စုံဓာတ်ပုံများ</i> [<i>1986, 39th Anniversary of the Union Day recorded colour photos</i>] (in Burmese). Ministry of Information. February 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%88%E1%81%86%E1%80%81%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA+%28%E1%81%83%E1%81%89%29%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7+%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Information&rft.date=1986-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/BPS88-07.pdf">"Burma Press Summary, From Working People's Daily"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Online Burma Library</i>. 23 July 1988. pp. <span class="nowrap">3–</span>7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619084101/http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/BPS88-07.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Burma+Library&rft.atitle=Burma+Press+Summary%2C+From+Working+People%27s+Daily&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=1988-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fobl%2Fdocs3%2FBPS88-07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060102200719/http://www.irrawaddy.org/database/1997/vol5.3/editorial.html">"Waging War against the Tyrants"</a>. The Irrawaddy News Magazine. June 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irrawaddy.org/database/1997/vol5.3/editorial.html">the original</a> on 2 January 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waging+War+against+the+Tyrants&rft.pub=The+Irrawaddy+News+Magazine&rft.date=1997-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irrawaddy.org%2Fdatabase%2F1997%2Fvol5.3%2Feditorial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_1991_p20-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1991_p20_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1991_p20_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1991" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Martin (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s4NuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Burma: Insurgency and the politics of ethnicity</i></a> (1st ed.). London and New Jersey: Zed Books. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0862328683" title="Special:BookSources/0862328683"><bdi>0862328683</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burma%3A+Insurgency+and+the+politics+of+ethnicity&rft.place=London+and+New+Jersey&rft.pages=20&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0862328683&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds4NuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NUP_Irrawaddy-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NUP_Irrawaddy_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irrawaddy.org/election/party/national-unity-party-nup">"National Unity Party (NUP)"</a>. <i>The Irrawaddy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207204716/http://www.irrawaddy.org/election/party/national-unity-party-nup">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irrawaddy&rft.atitle=National+Unity+Party+%28NUP%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irrawaddy.org%2Felection%2Fparty%2Fnational-unity-party-nup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurma+Socialist+Programme+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Socialist_Programme_Party&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/The_Burmese_Way_to_Socialism.htm">The Burmese Way to Socialism (top secret)</a> The Revolutionary Council, 28 April 1962</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/BSPP_CONSTITUTION.htm">The Constitution of the Burma Socialist Programme Party</a> The Revolutionary Council, 4 July 1962</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/System-of-correlation.htm">The System of Correlation of Man and His Environment</a> BSPP, 17 January 1963, 3rd. edition 1964</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/BSPP_Congress.htm">The Extraordinary Session of the BSPP Congress, 23–25 July 1988</a> <i>Working People's Daily</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Myanmar_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Myanmar&#124;link=Myanmar1240" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Myanmar_political_parties" title="Template:Myanmar political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Myanmar_political_parties" title="Template talk:Myanmar political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Myanmar_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Myanmar political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Myanmar_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Myanmar&#124;link=Myanmar1240" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Myanmar" title="List of political parties in Myanmar">Political parties in Myanmar</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nationalities" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Nationalities">House of<br />Nationalities</a> (224)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_League_for_Democracy" title="National League for Democracy">National League for Democracy</a> (138)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Military</a></i> (56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Solidarity_and_Development_Party" title="Union Solidarity and Development Party">Union Solidarity and Development Party</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_National_Party" title="Arakan National Party">Arakan National Party</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_State_Democratic_Party" title="Kayah State Democratic Party">Kayah State Democratic Party</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_Unity_Party" title="Mon Unity Party">Mon Unity Party</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_Nationalities_League_for_Democracy" title="Shan Nationalities League for Democracy">Shan Nationalities League for Democracy</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27ang_National_Party" title="Ta'ang National Party">Ta'ang National Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democracy_Party_(Kachin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Democracy Party (Kachin) (page does not exist)">New Democracy Party (Kachin)</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-O_National_Organisation" title="Pa-O National Organisation">Pa-O National Organisation</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Myanmar)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives (Myanmar)">House of<br />Representatives</a> (440)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_League_for_Democracy" title="National League for Democracy">National League for Democracy</a> (258)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Military</a></i> (110)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Solidarity_and_Development_Party" title="Union Solidarity and Development Party">Union Solidarity and Development Party</a> (26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_Nationalities_League_for_Democracy" title="Shan Nationalities League for Democracy">Shan Nationalities League for Democracy</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_National_Party" title="Arakan National Party">Arakan National Party</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-O_National_Organisation" title="Pa-O National Organisation">Pa-O National Organisation</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27ang_National_Party" title="Ta'ang National Party">Ta'ang National Party</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_State_Democratic_Party" title="Kayah State Democratic Party">Kayah State Democratic Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_Unity_Party" title="Mon Unity Party">Mon Unity Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Front_Party" title="Arakan Front Party">Arakan Front Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kachin_State_People%27s_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kachin State People's Party (page does not exist)">Kachin State People's Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wa_National_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wa National Party (page does not exist)">Wa National Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomi_Congress_for_Democracy" title="Zomi Congress for Democracy">Zomi Congress for Democracy</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/State_and_Regional_Hluttaws" title="State and Regional Hluttaws">State and<br />Regional<br />Hluttaws</a> (880)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_League_for_Democracy" title="National League for Democracy">National League for Democracy</a> (501)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Military</a></i> (220)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Solidarity_and_Development_Party" title="Union Solidarity and Development Party">Union Solidarity and Development Party</a> (38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_Nationalities_League_for_Democracy" title="Shan Nationalities League for Democracy">Shan Nationalities League for Democracy</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_National_Party" title="Arakan National Party">Arakan National Party</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-O_National_Organisation" title="Pa-O National Organisation">Pa-O National Organisation</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27ang_National_Party" title="Ta'ang National Party">Ta'ang National Party</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_Unity_Party" title="Mon Unity Party">Mon Unity Party</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kachin_State_People%27s_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kachin State People's Party (page does not exist)">Kachin State People's Party</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_State_Democratic_Party" title="Kayah State Democratic Party">Kayah State Democratic Party</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Front_Party" title="Arakan Front Party">Arakan Front Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_National_Unity_Party" title="Wa National Unity Party">Wa National Unity Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_National_League_for_Democracy" title="Chin National League for Democracy">Chin National League for Democracy</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayin_People%27s_Party" title="Kayin People's Party">Kayin People's Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_National_Development_Party" title="Lahu National Development Party">Lahu National Development Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_National_Development_Party" title="Lisu National Development Party">Lisu National Development Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_Nationalities_Democratic_Party" title="Shan Nationalities Democratic Party">Shan Nationalities Democratic Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomi_Congress_for_Democracy" title="Zomi Congress for Democracy">Zomi Congress for Democracy</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Affairs_Minister" title="Ethnic Affairs Minister">Ethnic Affairs<br />Ministers</a> (29)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_League_for_Democracy" title="National League for Democracy">National League for Democracy</a> (23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_National_Party" title="Kayan National Party">Kayan National Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_National_Development_Party" title="Lahu National Development Party">Lahu National Development Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_National_Development_Party" title="Lisu National Development Party">Lisu National Development Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_Unity_Party" title="Mon Unity Party">Mon Unity Party</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Myanmar#Unrepresented_parties" title="List of political parties in Myanmar">Unrepresented parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akha_National_Development_Party" title="Akha National Development Party">Akha National Development Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_League_for_Democracy" title="Arakan League for Democracy">Arakan League for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Liberation_Party" title="Arakan Liberation Party">Arakan Liberation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_National_Party" title="Chin National Party">Chin National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Progressive_Party" title="Chin Progressive Party">Chin Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Burma" title="Communist Party of Burma">Communist Party of Burma</a> (banned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Farmers_Party" title="Confederate Farmers Party">Confederate Farmers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_Human_Rights_Party" title="Democracy and Human Rights Party">Democracy and Human Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_Peace_Party" title="Democracy and Peace Party">Democracy and Peace Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Myanmar)" title="Democratic Party (Myanmar)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_for_a_New_Society" title="Democratic Party for a New Society">Democratic Party for a New Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Development_Party" title="Ethnic National Development Party">Ethnic National Development Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Union_Party" title="Federal Union Party">Federal Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inn_National_Development_Party" title="Inn National Development Party">Inn National Development Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_National_Party" title="Karen National Party">Karen National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokang_Democracy_and_Unity_Party" title="Kokang Democracy and Unity Party">Kokang Democracy and Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Farmers_Development_Party" title="Myanmar Farmers Development Party">Myanmar Farmers Development Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Force" title="National Democratic Force">National Democratic Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_Party_(Myanmar)" title="National Development Party (Myanmar)">National Development Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_(Myanmar)" title="National Unity Party (Myanmar)">National Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Diversity_Party" title="Peace and Diversity Party">Peace and Diversity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Myanmar_Farmers_and_Workers" title="People's Party of Myanmar Farmers and Workers">People's Party of Myanmar Farmers and Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalon-Sawaw_Democratic_Party" title="Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party">Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_State_Progress_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan State Progress Party">Shan State Progress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai-Leng_Nationalities_Development_Party" title="Tai-Leng Nationalities Development Party">Tai-Leng Nationalities Development Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Democratic_Party" title="Union Democratic Party">Union Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Myanmar)" title="United Democratic Party (Myanmar)">United Democratic Party</a> (dissolved)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_Democratic_Party" title="Wa Democratic Party">Wa Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Myanmar#Political_alliances" title="List of political parties in Myanmar">Political alliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Democracy_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Democracy Alliance (page does not exist)">Federal Democracy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalities_Brotherhood_Federation" title="Nationalities Brotherhood Federation">Nationalities Brotherhood Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalities_Alliance" title="United Nationalities Alliance">United Nationalities Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Political_Parties_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Political Parties Alliance (page does not exist)">United Political Parties Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Myanmar#Political_organisations" title="List of political parties in Myanmar">Political organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/88_Generation_Students_Group" title="88 Generation Students Group">88 Generation Students Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalities_Federal_Council" title="United Nationalities Federal Council">United Nationalities Federal Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Myanmar#Defunct_parties" title="List of political parties in Myanmar">Notable historical parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_People%27s_Freedom_League" title="Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League">Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Burma Socialist Programme Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Arakan" title="Communist Party of Arakan">Communist Party of Arakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_United_Front" title="National United Front">National United Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_Nationalities_Development_Party" title="Rakhine Nationalities Development Party">Rakhine Nationalities Development Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakins" title="Thakins">Thakins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Myanmar" title="Politics of Myanmar">Politics of Myanmar</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/16px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/24px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/32px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myanmar" title="Portal:Myanmar"><b>Myanmar Portal</b></a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics"><b>Politics Portal</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2464703#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata663" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2464703#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata663" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2464703#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121969361">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/160845022">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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