Linaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" > <HTML>  <head>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TGK4SMV');</script>  <title>Linaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href='/templates/eflora.css' /> <script src="JavaScript/eflora.js" type="text/javascript" ></script> </head>  <body> <TABLE id="TableMain" cellSpacing="1" cellPadding="1" width="640" border="0"> <TR> <TD> <script language="javascript"> function jsClearTextBox(sender) { // alert(formSearchBox["name_str"].id); // alert(sender.value); if (sender.value == "taxon name") { sender.value = ""; } } </script> <table id="ucEfloraHeader_tableHeaderWrapper" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <TD style="WIDTH: 479px"><a id="ucEfloraHeader_linkFloraHome" title="Flora Homepage" href="flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1"><img src="images/flora/eflora-logo-1.gif" id="ucEfloraHeader_imageLogo" border="0" alt="Link to Flora of North America home" /><br> </a></TD> <TD valign="bottom" align="right"> <div id="ucEfloraHeader_panelSearchBox">  <FORM name="formSearchBox" action="browse.aspx" method="get"> <TABLE borderColor="#ccffcc" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="2" width="200" border="1"> <TR> <TD> <span id="ucEfloraHeader_lblSearchBox"><INPUT TYPE='Hidden' NAME='flora_id' ' id='flora_id' VALUE='1' >  <input id=name_str name=name_str   value='' class=small title='Use % as the wildcard (e.g. pinus % or pinus a%)' onfocus='jsClearTextBox(this);' accessKey=s size=15> <input class=small type=submit value=Search name=btnSearch><br> <input name=chkAllFloras type=checkbox > <span class=small>All Floras      <A HREF='search_page.aspx?flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' class='a.link.small'>Advanced Search</A></span> </span></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </FORM>  </div> </TD> </tr> </table> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD id="tdSubHeader"> <table id="FooterTableOut" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <TD> <table bgcolor="#ffffcc" id="footerTable" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td style="WIDTH: 291px">FNA Vol. 12</td> <TD align="right"> <span id="ucEfloraSubHeader_lblLinks"><a target='_top' href='/login.aspx'>Login</a> | <A HREF='/index.aspx' TARGET='_top' >eFloras Home</A> | <A HREF='/help_page.aspx' TARGET='_top' >Help</A></span></TD> </tr> </table> </TD> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> </table> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD id="tdBody"> <table id="tableBody" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td id="tdLeftBar" valign="top" width="0"></td> <td id="tdContent" vAlign="top" width="1930"> <table width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td vAlign="top"> <table id="tableTaxonChain" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td><span id="lblTaxonChain" style="font-size:9pt;"><A HREF='flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' TITLE='Flora homepage' >FNA</A> | <A HREF='browse.aspx?flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' >Family List</A> | <A HREF='volume_page.aspx?volume_id=1012&flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' >FNA Vol. 12</A></span></td> </tr> </table> <P></P> <div id="panelTaxonTreatment"> <span id="lblTaxonDesc"> 15. <b>Linaceae</b> de Candolle ex Perleb <p>Flax Family Flax Family <P> Nancy R. Morin <P> <P> <p> <p> <b>Herbs or subshrubs [shrubs, trees, vines],</b> annual, biennial, or perennial. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, opposite, or whorled, simple; stipules absent or present as small, dark, spheric glands; petiole usually absent, rarely present; blade margins entire, serrate, or denticulate; venation pinnate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, racemes, panicles, or cymes (rarely thyrses or corymbs in <i>Linum</i>) [spikes]. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual; perianth and androecium hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 4–5, connate basally [distinct]; petals 4–5, distinct or coherent basally, imbricate or convolute, bases sometimes with appendages; nectary extrastaminal; stamens 4–5 [10], connate basally, filament tube and petal bases adherent or adnate [free]; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, 2–5-carpellate, ovary superior, 4–5-locular, placentation axile or apical-axile; ovules 2 per locule, anatropous; styles 2–5, distinct or partly connate; stigmas 2–5. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, dehiscence septicidal, or indehiscent or schizocarps breaking into 4 nutlets (<i>Sclerolinon</i>). <b>Seeds</b> 2 per locule, seed coat often mucilaginous.<p> Genera 10–14, species ca. 260 (4 genera, 52 species in the flora): North America, Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia.<p> <p> <p> <p> Two subfamilies are generally recognized in Linaceae, the mostly herbaceous, temperate Linoideae Arnott (8 genera, ca. 240 species), in which all the genera in the flora area are placed, and the woody, mostly tropical Hugonoideae Reveal. Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, J. R. McDill et al. (2009) concluded that Linaceae is a monophyletic group, as is Linoideae.<p><p>According to J. R. McDill (2009), <i>Cliococca</i> Babington, <i>Hesperolinon</i>, and <i>Sclerolinon</i> are nested within <i>Linum</i> sect. <i>Linopsis</i>, and collectively these are sister to <i>Radiola</i>; <i>Hesperolinon</i> and <i>Sclerolinon</i> are most closely related to Mexican and Central American species of <i>Linum</i>. McDill et al. (2009) noted that the relationships within this clade are not well-enough resolved or supported to warrant nomenclatural changes; McDill (2009) came to the same conclusion based on a much wider sample of species. The current generic circumscriptions are maintained here.<p> <p> SELECTED REFERENCES McDill, J. R. 2009. Molecular Phylogenetic Studies in the Linaceae and <i>Linum</i>, with Implications for Their Systematics and Historical Biogeography. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Texas. McDill, J. R. et al. 2009. The phylogeny of <i>Linum</i> and Linaceae subfamily Linoideae, with implications for their systematics, biogeography, and evolution of heterostyly. Syst. Bot. 34: 386–405. McDill, J. R. and B. B. Simpson. 2011. Molecular phylogenetics of Linaceae with complete generic sampling and data from two plastid genes. Bot. J. Linn Soc. 165: 64–83. Rogers, C. M. 1975. Relationships of <i>Hesperolinon</i> and <i>Linum</i> (Linaceae). Madroño 23: 153–159. Rogers, C. M. 1984. Linaceae. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 12, pp. 1–54.<p> <P> </span> <P> <div id="panelKey"> <BR clear="all"> <table id="tableKey" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" border="0"> <tr bgcolor="#d5ffff"> <TD width="347"> <P> <span id="lblKeyTitle" style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;"></span></P> </TD> <TD nowrap="nowrap" align="right"> <P> <span id="lblKeyEditLink" style="font-size:8pt;"></span></P> </TD> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#f1ffff"> <TD colspan="2"> <P> <span id="lblKeyDesc" style="font-size:9pt;"></span></P> <P> <span id="lblKey"><TABLE WIDTH='100%' BORDER='0' > <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-1'>1</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Sepals 4; petals 4.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>1 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=127902' TARGET='_top' ><i>Radiola</i>, p. nnn</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Sepals 5; petals 5</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-2'>(2)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-2'>2</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-1'>(1)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Styles 5; fruits capsules, dehiscing into 5 or 10 segments.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>2 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=118675' TARGET='_top' ><i>Linum</i>, p. nnn</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Styles 2–3; fruits capsules dehiscing into 4 or 6 segments, schizocarps breaking into 4 nutlets, or indehiscent</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-3'>(3)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-3'>3</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-2'>(2)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: basal and proximal usually whorled, distal alternate or opposite; fruits capsules, dehiscing into 4 or 6 segments; styles 2–3, stigmas ± equal in width to styles; stipular glands present (exudate often red) or absent.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>3 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=115240' TARGET='_top' ><i>Hesperolinon</i>, p. nnn</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: proximal opposite, distal sometimes alternate; fruits schizocarps, breaking into 4 nutlets, or indehiscent; styles 2, stigmas wider than styles; stipular glands absent.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>4 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=129791' TARGET='_top' ><i>Sclerolinon</i>, p. nnn</A></td> </TR> </TABLE> </span></P> </TD> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#d5ffff"> <TD colspan="2"> <span id="lblKeyList" style="font-size:9pt;"></span></TD> </tr> </table> </div></P> <P> <span id="lblLowerTaxonList"><li name='liLinkToLowerList'><A HREF='browse.aspx?flora_id=1&start_taxon_id=10510' TARGET='_top' TITLE='lower taxa' >List of lower taxa</A> </span></P> <BR clear="all"> <P> </P> <table id="tableObjectList" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <TD> <TABLE cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <TR> <TD> <span id="Label1" style="font-size:9pt;"> <b>Related Objects</b> </span></TD> <TD align="right"> <span id="lblGalleryLink" style="font-size:8pt;"></span> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> </tr> <tr> <TD> <span id="lblObjectList"><p> <TABLE WIDTH='100%' BORDER='0' cellspacing=0> <TR > <td class='bold'>Flora of Chile</td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td width=400><li><A HREF='https://images.mobot.org/efloras/FloraData/060/PDF/V01/vol1-27-Linaceae.pdf' TITLE='PDF' >Family PDF</A></td> <td class='small'>PDF</td> </TR> <TR > <td class='bold'>Flora of China</td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td width=400><li><A HREF='http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume11/Linaceae.pdf' TITLE='PDF' >Linaceae.pdf</A></td> <td class='small'>PDF</td> </TR> </TABLE> </span></TD> </tr> </table> <P></P> </div> <P><div id="panelTaxonLinks">  </P> <P> <table id="tableLinkList" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <TD><span id="lblLinkTitle" style="font-size:9pt;"><b>Related Links</b> (opens in a new window)</span></TD> </tr> <tr> <TD> <P><span id="lblLinkList"><b>Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org</b><ul> <li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=10510' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal' >Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=10510' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Chinese Plant Names' >Chinese Plant Names</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=60&taxon_id=10510' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of Chile' >Flora of Chile</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10510' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of China' >Flora of China</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=11&taxon_id=10510' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of Missouri' >Flora of Missouri</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=10510' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of Pakistan' >Flora of Pakistan</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1001&taxon_id=10510' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Interactive Keys by Xiangying Wen' >Interactive Keys by Xiangying Wen</A></ul> <p> <b>Other Databases</b> <ul> <li><A HREF='http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_pick?name=Linaceae' TARGET='FLORA_LINK' TITLE='W3TROPICOS' >W<SUP>3</SUP>TROPICOS</A> <li><A HREF='http://www.ipni.org/ipni/IpniServlet?family=Linaceae&infrafamily=&genus=&infragenus=&species=&infraspecies=&author_abbrev=&publication_title=&is_apni_record=on&is_gci_record=on&is_ik_record=on&include_authors=on&include_basionym_authors=on&query_type=by_query' TARGET='FLORA_LINK' TITLE='IPNI' >IPNI</A></ul> </span></P> </TD> </tr> </table> </div></P> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <P></P> <P><span id="lblEditLinks" style="font-size:9pt;"></span></P> <P> </P> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <TD id="tdRightBar" valign="top"></TD> </tr> </table> </TD> <tr> <td> <table id="SubHeaderTableOut" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <TD> <table bgcolor="#99cc99" id="SubHeaderTable" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <TD align="center" bgColor="#ffffcc">  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkHome" href="index.aspx" target="_top">eFlora Home</a> |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkPeopleSearch" href="person_search.aspx" target="_top">People Search</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkHelp" href="help_page.aspx" target="_top">Help</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkActKey" href="http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/ActKey" target="_top">ActKey</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_Hyperlink2" href="http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/HuCards/" target="_top">Hu Cards</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_Hyperlink1" href="glossary.aspx" target="_top">Glossary</a>  |  </TD> </tr> </table> </TD> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> </table> <p></p> </td> </tr> </TABLE> </body> </HTML>

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Linaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org