CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Talk:Roald Amundsen - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2b86cad4-1317-4c0a-a67c-5df236f2178b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Talk","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":1,"wgPageName":"Talk:Roald_Amundsen","wgTitle":"Roald Amundsen","wgCurRevisionId":1244382773,"wgRevisionId":1244382773,"wgArticleId":401959,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All Wikipedia vital articles","Pages using WikiProject banner shell with unknown parameters","Selected anniversaries articles","C-Class level-3 vital articles","Wikipedia level-3 vital articles in People","C-Class vital articles in People","C-Class biography articles","C-Class biography (science and academia) articles","Unknown-importance biography (science and academia) articles","Science and academia work group articles","WikiProject Biography articles", "C-Class Norway articles","Unknown-importance Norway articles","WikiProject Norway articles","C-Class Antarctica articles","Top-importance Antarctica articles","WikiProject Antarctica articles","C-Class Arctic articles","Top-importance Arctic articles","WikiProject Arctic articles","Selected anniversaries (March 2004)","Selected anniversaries (December 2004)","Selected anniversaries (December 2005)","Selected anniversaries (December 2006)","Selected anniversaries (December 2007)","Selected anniversaries (December 2008)","Selected anniversaries (December 2010)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Talk:Roald_Amundsen","wgRelevantArticleId":401959,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":true,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.inputBox.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.inputBox.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Talk:Roald Amundsen - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-1 ns-talk mw-editable page-Talk_Roald_Amundsen rootpage-Talk_Roald_Amundsen skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Talk%3ARoald+Amundsen" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Talk%3ARoald+Amundsen" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Talk%3ARoald+Amundsen" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Talk%3ARoald+Amundsen" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Reaching the North Pole / Spitsbergen vs. Spitzbergen</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">4 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_pole" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_pole"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>North pole</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">4 comments</span> <ul id="toc-North_pole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>".. dead of an apparent suicide"?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">4 comments</span> <ul id="toc-".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Talk</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roald Amundsen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang mw-portlet-lang-icon-only" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector-empty" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-portlet-lang-heading-empty" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="mw-portlet-empty-language-selector-body"> Page contents not supported in other languages. </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="istalk vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-addsection" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=new" title="Start a new section [+]" accesskey="+"><span>Add topic</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="istalk vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-addsection" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=new"><span>Add topic</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Talk:Roald_Amundsen" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Talk:Roald_Amundsen" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&oldid=1244382773" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTalk%3ARoald_Amundsen"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTalk%3ARoald_Amundsen"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Talk%3ARoald_Amundsen&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879475">.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:2px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1230750088">.mw-parser-output .talkheader{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-body{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help{flex:2 1 auto;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#ffffff);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies{flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies+.talkheader-policies{border-left:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts{flex:0 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts>*{flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help ul,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies ul{margin:0.1em 0.8em 0 1.6em;text-align:left}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .talkheader{min-width:80%}}</style><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice talkheader plainlinks" id="talkheader" style="border-collapse: separate;"><tbody><tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; font-weight: bold;">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">talk page</a> for discussing improvements to the <a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> article.<br/> This is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#FORUM" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">not a forum</a> for general discussion of the article's subject.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="talkheader-body"> <div class="talkheader-help"> <ul><li>Put new text under old text. <strong><a href="/wiki/Special:NewSection/Talk:Roald_Amundsen" title="Special:NewSection/Talk:Roald Amundsen">Click here to start a new topic.</a></strong></li> <li>New to Wikipedia? Welcome! <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Learn to edit</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">get help</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="talkheader-policies"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Be polite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">avoid personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Be welcoming to newcomers</a></li> <li>Seek <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_requests" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution requests">dispute resolution</a> if needed</li></ul> </div><div class="talkheader-policies"> <div><b>Article policies</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Roald+Amundsen%22">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Roald+Amundsen%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Roald+Amundsen%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Roald+Amundsen%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Roald+Amundsen%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org">free images</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Roald+Amundsen%22">WP refs</a>) <b>·</b> <span title="Free English newspaper sources" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources">FENS</a></span> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Roald+Amundsen%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> <b>·</b> <span title="The Wikipedia Library" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Roald+Amundsen%22">TWL</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archives</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen/Archive_1" title="Talk:Roald Amundsen/Archive 1">1</a><span style="position: relative; top: 2px; float: right; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 1em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Discussions with timestamps are automatically archived by Lowercase sigmabot III after 182 days of inactivity when more than 3 threads are present.">Auto-archiving period</span>: <b>6 months</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page#Automated_archiving" title="Help:Archiving a talk page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0;"><div> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="50" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" value="Talk:Roald Amundsen/" name="prefix"/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search archives" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1243927654">.mw-parser-output .banner-shell{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:4px}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{padding:2px 4px;background:#fffaef;color:inherit;border:1px dotted gray}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox{margin:2px 0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox.mbox-small{line-height:1.5em;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner .banner-shell-outside{display:none}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .wpbs{width:80%}}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .assess{width:60px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-header{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em 0.25em 0}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-header{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb:not(.mw-collapsed) .wpb-header-icon a{display:none}</style><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice banner-shell wpbs mw-collapsible"><tbody><tr><td class="assess"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_c_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="C-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/35px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/53px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/70px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></a></span></td><td class="banner-shell-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal">This <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg/16px-C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg/24px-C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg/32px-C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="215"/></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vital_articles/Level/3#Explorers" title="Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/3">level-3 vital article</a></b> is rated <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.<br/>It is of interest to the following <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject">WikiProjects</a>:</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="banner-shell-inner outercollapse"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259570071">.mw-parser-output .wpb-header,.mw-parser-output .wpb-metadata,.mw-parser-output .wpb-iefix{display:none}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-name{text-align:right;padding:0.3em 1em 0.3em 0.3em;width:50%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-assessment{text-align:left;width:50%;padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-combined{text-align:left;padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.3em 0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-bubbles{border-radius:.5em;padding:0 .3em;margin-left:0.5em;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;color:black}.mw-parser-output .wpb-nested-task-force{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-icon{width:50px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#F5F5F5;border-width:1px;width:500px}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main{background-color:#FFFAEF;padding:3px 0 3px 0.7em}.mw-parser-output .wpb .wpb-main{padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#FFFAEF}.mw-parser-output .wpb-main>table{background-color:transparent;border:none;padding:0;width:100%;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .wpb .wpb-image{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .wpb-collapsed-head{text-align:left;padding:0.2em 2px 0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .wpb-collapsed-notes{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .wpb-collapsed-notes>table{width:100%;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .wpb .wpb-gutter{padding:2px 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#f8eaba;border:none}.mw-parser-output .wpb-table{table-layout:fixed}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .wpb{min-width:80%}}.mw-parser-output .assess{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;color:black}.mw-parser-output .import-top{background-color:#FFBFFF}.mw-parser-output .import-high{background-color:#FFCCFF}.mw-parser-output .import-mid{background-color:#FFD9FF}.mw-parser-output .import-low{background-color:#FFE7FF}.mw-parser-output .import-bottom{background-color:#FFEBFF}.mw-parser-output .import-na{background-color:#F5F5F5}.mw-parser-output .import-unknown{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .class-fa,.mw-parser-output .class-fl,.mw-parser-output .class-fm{background-color:#BED3FF}.mw-parser-output .class-a,.mw-parser-output .class-al{background-color:#C0FFFF}.mw-parser-output .class-ga{background-color:#C0FFC0}.mw-parser-output .class-b,.mw-parser-output .class-bl{background-color:#DFFFBF}.mw-parser-output .class-c,.mw-parser-output .class-cl{background-color:#FFFFBE}.mw-parser-output .class-start{background-color:#FFDBBF}.mw-parser-output .class-stub,.mw-parser-output .class-sl{background-color:#FFC0C0}.mw-parser-output .class-list{background-color:#D2C0FF}.mw-parser-output .class-na{background-color:#F5F5F5}.mw-parser-output .class-category{background-color:#FFDB58}.mw-parser-output .class-disambig{background-color:#00FA9A}.mw-parser-output .class-draft{background-color:#E7B198}.mw-parser-output .class-file{background-color:#DDCCFF}.mw-parser-output .class-future{background-color:#B4BBFF}.mw-parser-output .class-portal{background-color:#DDB1BC}.mw-parser-output .class-project{background-color:#C0C090}.mw-parser-output .class-redirect{background-color:#C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .class-sia{background-color:#E9DAFF}.mw-parser-output .class-user{background-color:#DDD06A}.mw-parser-output .class-template{background-color:#FBCEB1}.mw-parser-output .class-unassessed{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .conflict{border:0.2em solid red}.mw-parser-output .inactive-wikiproject .wpb-header-bubbles{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_personal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/25px-Crystal_personal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/38px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/50px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="70"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography">Biography</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Science_and_academia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Science and academia">Science and Academia</a></span> </td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_personal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/60px-Crystal_personal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/90px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/120px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="70"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography">WikiProject Biography</a></b>, a collaborative effort to create, develop and organize Wikipedia's articles about people. All interested editors are invited to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Members">join the project</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Biography" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Biography">contribute to the discussion</a>. For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the <a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Biography/doc" title="Template:WikiProject Biography/doc">documentation</a>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Biography</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Biography</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">biography</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Science_and_academia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Science and academia">the science and academia work group</a></b>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/35px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/52px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/69px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Norway" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Norway">Norway</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/90px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/120px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/48px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/64px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Norway" title="Portal:Norway">Norway portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Norway" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Norway">WikiProject Norway</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Norway" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Norway">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Norway</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Norway</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Norway</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Norway</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-unknown"><a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_Norway_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance Norway articles">???</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has not yet received a rating on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Norway/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Norway/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Antarctica" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Antarctica">Antarctica</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg/80px-Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg/120px-Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg/160px-Emblem_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Antarctica" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Antarctica">WikiProject Antarctica</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Antarctica" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Antarctica">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Antarctica</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Antarctica</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Antarctica</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Antarctica</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Antarctica_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Antarctica articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Antarctica/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Antarctica/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arctica_surface.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Arctica_surface.jpg/26px-Arctica_surface.jpg" decoding="async" width="26" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Arctica_surface.jpg/40px-Arctica_surface.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Arctica_surface.jpg/52px-Arctica_surface.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="941"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Arctic" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Arctic">Arctic</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arctica_surface.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Arctica_surface.jpg/80px-Arctica_surface.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Arctica_surface.jpg/120px-Arctica_surface.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Arctica_surface.jpg/160px-Arctica_surface.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="941"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Arctic" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Arctic">WikiProject Arctic</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Arctic" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Arctic">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Arctic</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Arctic</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Arctic</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Arctic</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Arctic_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Arctic articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Arctic/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Arctic/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_date.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nuvola_apps_date.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_date.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nuvola_apps_date.svg/68px-Nuvola_apps_date.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nuvola_apps_date.svg/90px-Nuvola_apps_date.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">A fact from this article was featured on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">Main Page</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries">On this day</a></i> section on <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/March_7?oldid=2758714">March 7, 2004</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/December_14?oldid=8742498">December 14, 2004</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/December_14?oldid=31267750">December 14, 2005</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/December_14?oldid=94372962">December 14, 2006</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/December_14?oldid=177960167">December 14, 2007</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/December_14?oldid=257939231">December 14, 2008</a>, and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/December_14?oldid=402328334">December 14, 2010</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen" data-mw-thread-id="h-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z"><span id="Reaching_the_North_Pole_.2F_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z"></span>Reaching the North Pole / Spitsbergen vs. Spitzbergen<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reaching the North Pole / Spitsbergen vs. Spitzbergen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen"></span>I corrected "Spitzbergen" (the German name) to Spitsbergen (the international as well locally official name). Someone reverted it twice with the pretext "not an improvement". This is wrong: in the article this name is written once as "Spitsbergen" and once as "Spitzbergen". As a general rule any name should not be written in two or more different ways in the same article, so it is certainly an improvement to standardize the spelling. Explain please, why should it be better for this article to maintain this year-old flaw.<br/> Beside that, "rewieving" means to revert changes that <u>worsen</u> an article, not to forbid any content that doesn't come from you.<br/> And second "beside": as long as an article is in Class C <i>("Considerable editing is needed to close gaps in content and solve cleanup problems")</i> I find difficult to imagine any change that is not in some way an improvement. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/194.174.73.80" title="Special:Contributions/194.174.73.80">194.174.73.80</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:194.174.73.80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:194.174.73.80 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">16:16, 31 August 2017 (UTC)</a> Marco Pagliero Berlin<span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z"></span>Both instances now read <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a>, as per the name of that article? <a href="/wiki/User:Martinevans123" title="User:Martinevans123">Martinevans123</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Martinevans123" title="User talk:Martinevans123">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">16:23, 31 August 2017 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z"></span>Yes, thank you, and no harm meant: I realise now that the revert was the work of some bot. With all the respect, but this bot could possibly benefit from a bit of revision: I don't think "not an improvement" is an acceptable criterion, especially when the judge is some piece of software. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/194.174.73.80" title="Special:Contributions/194.174.73.80">194.174.73.80</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:194.174.73.80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:194.174.73.80 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">16:49, 31 August 2017 (UTC)</a> Marco Pagliero Berlin<span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T17:06:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z"></span>Well spotted. Please feel free to continue with "considerable editing ... to close gaps in content and solve cleanup problems". Many thanks. <a href="/wiki/User:Martinevans123" title="User:Martinevans123">Martinevans123</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Martinevans123" title="User talk:Martinevans123">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T17:06:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:06, 31 August 2017 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T17:06:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T17:06:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="North_pole" data-mw-thread-id="h-North_pole-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-North_pole-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z"></span>North pole<span data-mw-comment-end="h-North_pole-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: North pole"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z-North_pole"></span>The lede states " He led the first expedition proven to have reached the North Pole in 1926" but the section "North Pole" does not actually ever state that he reached the north pole. <a href="/wiki/User:Skepticalgiraffe" title="User:Skepticalgiraffe">Skepticalgiraffe</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Skepticalgiraffe" title="User talk:Skepticalgiraffe">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z-North_pole" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">16:51, 21 November 2019 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z-North_pole"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z-North_pole"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="template-ping"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z"></span>@<a href="/wiki/User:Skepticalgiraffe" title="User:Skepticalgiraffe">Skepticalgiraffe</a>:</span> Hi! You wrote that “the section ‘North Pole’ does not actually ever state that he reached the north pole”.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>But the revision of 11 November said “If these other claims are false, the crew of the Norge would be the first explorers verified to have reached the North Pole.” So the section “Reaching the North Pole” did say ”the crew of the Norge … reached the North Pole. <a href="/wiki/User:Jan_Arvid_G%C3%B6tesson" title="User:Jan Arvid Götesson">Jan Arvid Götesson</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jan_Arvid_G%C3%B6tesson" title="User talk:Jan Arvid Götesson">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">07:06, 22 November 2019 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z"></span>That sentence is written in the subjunctive tense. It <i>implies</i> that he reached the pole, but does not actually state this.</dd> <dd>However, I have rewritten the text and now, I hope, it is clearer. I also added a citation that explicitly states that they flew over the north pole.<sup id="cite_ref-dailytelegraph_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailytelegraph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/User:Skepticalgiraffe" title="User:Skepticalgiraffe">Skepticalgiraffe</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Skepticalgiraffe" title="User talk:Skepticalgiraffe">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:35, 22 November 2019 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="template-ping"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-24T05:05:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z"></span>@<a href="/wiki/User:Skepticalgiraffe" title="User:Skepticalgiraffe">Skepticalgiraffe</a>:</span> Subjunctive is a mood, not a tense. That’s a minor point.</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>The main point is that the section says that Amundsen reached the North Pole (your edits have made that clearer), and is the first man proven to have done so.</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>The lead should mention this important fact: Amundsen led the first expedition proven to have reached the North Pole. <a href="/wiki/User:Jan_Arvid_G%C3%B6tesson" title="User:Jan Arvid Götesson">Jan Arvid Götesson</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jan_Arvid_G%C3%B6tesson" title="User talk:Jan Arvid Götesson">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-24T05:05:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">05:05, 24 November 2019 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-24T05:05:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-24T05:05:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232521257">.mw-parser-output .reflist-talk{margin:auto 0;border:1px dashed var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:4px;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-talk-title{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="reflist-talk"> <p class="reflist-talk-title">References</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dailytelegraph-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dailytelegraph_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTroy_Lennon,2016" class="citation web cs1">Troy Lennon, (2016-05-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/today-in-history/south-pole-conqueror-roald-amundsen-won-air-race-to-the-north-pole/news-story/37de4bb45a376ce3ff4c25c9d1b828ec">"South Pole conqueror Roald Amundsen won air race to the North Pole"</a>. The Daily Telegraph<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Pole+conqueror+Roald+Amundsen+won+air+race+to+the+North+Pole&rft.pub=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.date=2016-05-12&rft.au=Troy+Lennon%2C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnews%2Ftoday-in-history%2Fsouth-pole-conqueror-roald-amundsen-won-air-race-to-the-north-pole%2Fnews-story%2F37de4bb45a376ce3ff4c25c9d1b828ec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalk%3ARoald+Amundsen" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_extra_punctuation" title="Category:CS1 maint: extra punctuation">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?" data-mw-thread-id="h-".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?-20240905182200"><span id=".22.._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide.22.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?-20240905182200"></span>".. dead of an apparent suicide"?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?-20240905182200"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: ".. dead of an apparent suicide"?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/User:TylerBurden" title="User:TylerBurden"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Martinevans123-20240905182200-".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?"></span>TylerBurden</a>, which EngVar is this article? And which EngVar uses "<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248585704">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk{color:#00B785}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk{color:#00B785}}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk{font-family:Georgia,"DejaVu Serif",serif;color:#008560;quotes:none}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk-italic{font-family:inherit;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk-marks{quotes:"\"""\""}</style><q class="inline-quote-talk">.. dead of an apparent suicide</q>"? In British English I think this would be ".. dead <b>after</b> an apparent suicide." Thanks. <a href="/wiki/User:Martinevans123" title="User:Martinevans123">Martinevans123</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Martinevans123" title="User talk:Martinevans123">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-Martinevans123-20240905182200-".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:22, 5 September 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Martinevans123-20240905182200-".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Martinevans123-20240905182200-".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide"?"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-TylerBurden-20240906190700-Martinevans123-20240905182200"></span>Hello @<a href="/wiki/User:Martinevans123" title="User:Martinevans123">Martinevans123</a>, from what I can see, there doesn't seem to be an established variation of English, so since the topic of the article is Norwegian no particular version needs to be used due to national ties per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ENGVAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ENGVAR">WP:ENGVAR</a>. If we can find the revision that first introduced a particular variation, we could go with that. <a href="/wiki/User:TylerBurden" title="User:TylerBurden">TylerBurden</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:TylerBurden" title="User talk:TylerBurden">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-TylerBurden-20240906190700-Martinevans123-20240905182200" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:07, 6 September 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-TylerBurden-20240906190700-Martinevans123-20240905182200"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-TylerBurden-20240906190700-Martinevans123-20240905182200"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-TylerBurden-20240906191100-TylerBurden-20240906190700"></span>Sorry I forgot to respond to your second question, I can revert that portion of my own revert since that seems less about EngVar and might very well be more grammatically correct. <a href="/wiki/User:TylerBurden" title="User:TylerBurden">TylerBurden</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:TylerBurden" title="User talk:TylerBurden">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-TylerBurden-20240906191100-TylerBurden-20240906190700" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:11, 6 September 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-TylerBurden-20240906191100-TylerBurden-20240906190700"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-TylerBurden-20240906191100-TylerBurden-20240906190700"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Martinevans123-20240906191500-TylerBurden-20240906191100"></span>Thank you very much, on both counts. <a href="/wiki/User:Martinevans123" title="User:Martinevans123">Martinevans123</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Martinevans123" title="User talk:Martinevans123">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roald_Amundsen#c-Martinevans123-20240906191500-TylerBurden-20240906191100" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:15, 6 September 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Martinevans123-20240906191500-TylerBurden-20240906191100"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Martinevans123-20240906191500-TylerBurden-20240906191100"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&oldid=1244382773">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&oldid=1244382773</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_level-3_vital_articles" title="Category:C-Class level-3 vital articles">C-Class level-3 vital articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_level-3_vital_articles_in_People" title="Category:Wikipedia level-3 vital articles in People">Wikipedia level-3 vital articles in People</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_vital_articles_in_People" title="Category:C-Class vital articles in People">C-Class vital articles in People</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_biography_articles" title="Category:C-Class biography articles">C-Class biography articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_biography_(science_and_academia)_articles" title="Category:C-Class biography (science and academia) articles">C-Class biography (science and academia) articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_biography_(science_and_academia)_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance biography (science and academia) articles">Unknown-importance biography (science and academia) articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_academia_work_group_articles" title="Category:Science and academia work group articles">Science and academia work group articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Biography_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Biography articles">WikiProject Biography articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Norway_articles" title="Category:C-Class Norway articles">C-Class Norway articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_Norway_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance Norway articles">Unknown-importance Norway articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Norway_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Norway articles">WikiProject Norway articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Antarctica_articles" title="Category:C-Class Antarctica articles">C-Class Antarctica articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Antarctica_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Antarctica articles">Top-importance Antarctica articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Antarctica_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Antarctica articles">WikiProject Antarctica articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Arctic_articles" title="Category:C-Class Arctic articles">C-Class Arctic articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Arctic_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Arctic articles">Top-importance Arctic articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Arctic_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Arctic articles">WikiProject Arctic articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Selected_anniversaries_(March_2004)" title="Category:Selected anniversaries (March 2004)">Selected anniversaries (March 2004)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Selected_anniversaries_(December_2004)" title="Category:Selected anniversaries (December 2004)">Selected anniversaries (December 2004)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Selected_anniversaries_(December_2005)" title="Category:Selected anniversaries (December 2005)">Selected anniversaries (December 2005)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Selected_anniversaries_(December_2006)" title="Category:Selected anniversaries (December 2006)">Selected anniversaries (December 2006)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Selected_anniversaries_(December_2007)" title="Category:Selected anniversaries (December 2007)">Selected anniversaries (December 2007)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Selected_anniversaries_(December_2008)" title="Category:Selected anniversaries (December 2008)">Selected anniversaries (December 2008)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Selected_anniversaries_(December_2010)" title="Category:Selected anniversaries (December 2010)">Selected anniversaries (December 2010)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_vital_articles" title="Category:All Wikipedia vital articles">All Wikipedia vital articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_WikiProject_banner_shell_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using WikiProject banner shell with unknown parameters">Pages using WikiProject banner shell with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Selected_anniversaries_articles" title="Category:Selected anniversaries articles">Selected anniversaries articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 September 2024, at 19:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Roald_Amundsen&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-746fb5b8df-2fqtv","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z","author":"194.174.73.80","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z-Reaching_the_North_Pole_/_Spitsbergen_vs._Spitzbergen","replies":[{"timestamp":"2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z","author":"Martinevans123","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:16:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z","author":"194.174.73.80","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T16:23:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2017-08-31T17:06:00.000Z","author":"Martinevans123","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Martinevans123-2017-08-31T17:06:00.000Z-194.174.73.80-2017-08-31T16:49:00.000Z","replies":[]}]}]}]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-North_pole-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z","author":"Skepticalgiraffe","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z-North_pole","replies":[{"timestamp":"2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z","author":"Jan Arvid Götesson","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-21T16:51:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z","author":"Skepticalgiraffe","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-22T07:06:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2019-11-24T05:05:00.000Z","author":"Jan Arvid Götesson","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Jan_Arvid_Götesson-2019-11-24T05:05:00.000Z-Skepticalgiraffe-2019-11-22T22:35:00.000Z","replies":[]}]}]}]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Martinevans123-20240905182200","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-\".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide\"?-20240905182200","replies":[{"timestamp":"20240905182200","author":"Martinevans123","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Martinevans123-20240905182200-\".._dead_of_an_apparent_suicide\"?","replies":[{"timestamp":"20240906190700","author":"TylerBurden","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-TylerBurden-20240906190700-Martinevans123-20240905182200","replies":[{"timestamp":"20240906191100","author":"TylerBurden","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-TylerBurden-20240906191100-TylerBurden-20240906190700","replies":[{"timestamp":"20240906191500","author":"Martinevans123","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Martinevans123-20240906191500-TylerBurden-20240906191100","replies":[]}]}]}]}]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.020"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.572","walltime":"0.740","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3908,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":61793,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4206,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":49,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":39724,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 656.379 1 -total"," 45.81% 300.668 1 Template:Talk_header"," 30.96% 203.218 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell"," 16.67% 109.442 1 Template:Reflist-talk"," 16.37% 107.423 1 Template:WikiProject_Biography"," 16.01% 105.063 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.67% 89.724 1 Template:Cite_web"," 9.74% 63.950 2 Template:Yearly_archive_list"," 9.21% 60.470 3 Template:Pagetype"," 8.72% 57.231 9 Template:Th/abp"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.329","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5687771,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-686b57647c-hzd28","timestamp":"20241214220859","ttl":864000,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> </body> </html>