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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Turkish use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Turkish_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Turkish use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Turkish_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Current use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Historical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijani_and_Crimean_Tatar_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijani_and_Crimean_Tatar_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Azerbaijani and Crimean Tatar use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijani_and_Crimean_Tatar_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tatar_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatar_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tatar use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatar_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kazakh_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazakh_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kazakh use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazakh_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friulian_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friulian_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Friulian use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friulian_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character_encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Character encoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character_encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E_(lizherenn)" title="Ğ (lizherenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ğ (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="Ğ (слово латинице) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ğ (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Ğ" data-language-autonym="中文" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Latin letter G with breve</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:lightblue; color:black;;">G with <a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal">Ğ ğ</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">ǧ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%9C" title="Ĝ">ĝ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḡ">ḡ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A0" title="Ġ">ġ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C7%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǥ">ǥ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C7%B4" title="Ǵ">ǵ</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%CC%83" title="G̃">g̃</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A2" title="Ģ">ģ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɠ">ɠ</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_letter_G_with_breve.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="G with breve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Latin_letter_G_with_breve.svg/200px-Latin_letter_G_with_breve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Latin_letter_G_with_breve.svg/300px-Latin_letter_G_with_breve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Latin_letter_G_with_breve.svg/400px-Latin_letter_G_with_breve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabetic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound values</th><td class="infobox-data">[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Zero_(linguistics)" title="Zero (linguistics)">∅</a></span>]<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">◌ː</a></span>]<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span>]<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span>]<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a></span>]<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span>]<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>U+011E, U+011F</code></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: normal"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T14.png?183d0" height="38" title="T14" alt="T14" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticG-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gimel"><img alt="Gimel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_gimel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gimel"><img alt="Gimel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/20px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/30px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/40px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Gamma_03.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early Greek Gamma"><img alt="Early Greek Gamma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_Gamma_03.svg/20px-Greek_Gamma_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_Gamma_03.svg/30px-Greek_Gamma_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_Gamma_03.svg/40px-Greek_Gamma_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Etruscan_C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early Etruscan C"><img alt="Early Etruscan C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/20px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/30px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/40px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="27" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma">Γ γ</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8C%82" class="mw-redirect" title="𐌂">𐌂</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Ğ ğ</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time period</th><td class="infobox-data">1928 to present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendants</th><td class="infobox-data"> • <a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">Ǧ</a><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%C4%A0" title="Ġ">Ġ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sisters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">Г</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D2%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ґ">Ґ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">Ғ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D2%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҕ">Ҕ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ӻ">Ӻ</a><br /><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa"><a href="/wiki/Che_(Persian_letter)" title="Che (Persian letter)">چ‬</a></span></span><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="ገ">ገ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ࠂ">ࠂ</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">ג</a></span>‎<br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">Ð</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transliterations</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="غ">غ</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh (digraph)</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">Ғ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">ǧ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%9C" title="Ĝ">ĝ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḡ">ḡ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A0" title="Ġ">ġ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C7%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǥ">ǥ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C7%B4" title="Ǵ">ǵ</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%CC%83" title="G̃">g̃</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A2" title="Ģ">ģ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɠ">ɠ</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated graphs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">gh</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">ǧ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%9C" title="Ĝ">ĝ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḡ">ḡ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A0" title="Ġ">ġ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C7%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǥ">ǥ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C7%B4" title="Ǵ">ǵ</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%CC%83" title="G̃">g̃</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A2" title="Ģ">ģ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɠ">ɠ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-Right</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ğ</b> (<a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a> with <a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a>; <a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">minuscule</a>: <b>ğ</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> letter found in the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani alphabets</a> as well as the Latin alphabets of <a href="/wiki/Zaza_language" title="Zaza language">Zazaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laz_language" title="Laz language">Laz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets#Latin_script" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a>. It traditionally represented the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">voiced velar fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɣ/</span> or the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">voiced uvular fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span>. However, in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, the phoneme has in most cases been <a href="/wiki/Elision" title="Elision">reduced to</a> a <a href="/wiki/Silent_letter" title="Silent letter">silent letter</a>, serving as a <a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">vowel-lengthener</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar" title="Dobrujan Tatar">Dobrujan Tatar</a> it presents the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced palato-alveolar affricate">voiced palato-alveolar affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʒ/</span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turkish_use">Turkish use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Turkish use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_use">Current use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, the <span class="nowrap">⟨ğ⟩</span> is known as <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">yumuşak ge</i></span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[jumuˈʃak<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɟe]</a></span>; 'soft g') and is the ninth letter of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish alphabet</a>. It always follows a vowel, and can be compared to the <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">blødt g</i></span> ('soft g') in <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In modern Turkish, the letter has no sound of its own and serves as a transition between two vowels, since they do not occur consecutively in native Turkish words. (In loanwords they may sometimes be separated by a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>, e.g. <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">cemaat</i></span> or <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">cemaât</i></span>, which may be pronounced as either <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʒeˈma.atʲ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʒeˈmaʔatʲ]</span>.) </p><p>The realization of the phoneme depends on its location in a word and the surrounding vowels:<sup id="cite_ref-GökselKerslake2005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GökselKerslake2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>ağ </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>eğ </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ej]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>iğ </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ığ </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɯː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>oğ </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[oː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>uğ </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[uː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>öğ </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[œː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>üğ </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[yː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>ağa </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a.a]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ığı </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɯ.ɯ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>uğu </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u.u]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>eğe </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e(j)e]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>iği </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i.i]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>üğü </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y(j)y]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>ağu </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a(w)u]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>oğa </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o(w)a]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>oğu </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o(w)u]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>uğa </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u(w)a]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>öğe </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[œ.e]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>öğü </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[œ.y]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>üğe </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y.e]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>ağı </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a.ɯ~aː~a]</span>* </td></tr> <tr> <th>ığa </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɯ.a]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>eği </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[eji~iː~e.i~æ]</span>* </td></tr> <tr> <th>iğe </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i.e~ije]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>in word-final and syllable-final positions it lengthens the preceding vowel, for example: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">dağ(lar)</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[daː(laɾ)]</span> ('mountain[s]'), <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">sığ</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sɯː]</span> ('shallow'); when following a front vowel (<i>e, i</i>), it may sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> instead: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">değnek</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dejnek]</span> ('cane');</li> <li>between identical back vowels (<i>a, ı, u</i>) it is silent: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">sığınak</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sɯːnak]</span> ('shelter'), <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">uğur</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[uːɾ]</span> ('good luck');</li> <li>between identical front vowels (<i>e, i, ü</i>) it is either silent: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">sevdiğim</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sevdiːm]</span> ('that I love'), or pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j]</span>: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">düğün</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dyjyn]</span> ('wedding');</li> <li>between different rounded vowels (<i>o, u, ö, ü</i>), or between rounded (<i>o, u, ö, ü</i>) and unrounded (<i>a, e</i>) vowels it is mostly silent, but may be a bilabial glide: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">soğuk</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[so(w)uk]</span> ('cold'), <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">soğan</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[so(w)an]</span> ('onion');</li> <li><i>ağı</i> may sound as two vowels or as long <i>a</i>: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">ağır</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a.ɯɾ,<span class="wrap"> </span>aːɾ]</span> ('heavy');</li> <li><i>ığa</i> is always two vowels: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">sığan</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sɯ.an]</span> ('which fits');</li> <li>in <i>eği</i> and <i>iğe</i> it is either silent or pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j]</span> as if written <i>y</i>: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">değil</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dejil]</span> ('not'), <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">diğer</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dijeɾ]</span> ('other'); in colloquial speech <i>eği</i> is long <i>i</i>: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">değil</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[diːl]</span>;</li> <li><i>eği</i> and <i>ağı</i> in the future suffix -<i>(y)AcAK</i>- are formally <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e.i]</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a.ɯ]</span> or colloquially <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>]</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a]</span>: <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">seveceğim</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[seveˈdʒe.im,<span class="wrap"> </span>seviˈdʒæm]</span> ('I will love'); <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">yazacağım</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jazaˈdʒa.ɯm,<span class="wrap"> </span>jazɯˈdʒam]</span> ('I will write').</li></ul> <p>Some webpages may use <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">Ð</a>⟩</span> (uppercase) and <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a>⟩</span> (lowercase) for <span class="nowrap">⟨Ğ⟩</span> because of improper encoding; see <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Turkish_characters" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Turkish characters">Turkish characters</a> for the reasons of this. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_use">Historical use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The letter, and its counterpart in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish alphabet</a>, <big><span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/Ghayn" title="Ghayn">غ</a></span></span>⟩</span></big>, were once pronounced as a consonant, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɣ/</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">voiced velar fricative</a>, until very recently in the history of Turkish, but it has undergone a <a href="/wiki/Sound_change" title="Sound change">sound change</a> by which the consonant was completely lost and <a href="/wiki/Compensatory_lengthening" title="Compensatory lengthening">compensatory lengthening</a> of the preceding vowel occurred, hence its function today. The sound change is not yet complete in some <a href="/wiki/Turkish_dialects" title="Turkish dialects">Turkish dialects</a>. The previous consonantal nature of the sound is evinced by earlier English loanwords from Turkish, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a></i>/<i>yoghurt</i> (modern Turkish <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">yoğurt</i></span>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Agha_(title)" title="Agha (title)">agha</a></i> (modern Turkish <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">ağa</i></span>), and the corresponding velar fricative found in cognate words in the closely related <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a> and the Turkish-influenced <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar language</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Turkic language">Old Turkic</a> (as well as earlier during <a href="/wiki/Proto-Turkic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Turkic">Proto-Turkic</a> times), this voiced velar fricative originated as an <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced velar stop">voiced velar stop</a>, when it occurred <a href="/wiki/Intervocalic_consonant" title="Intervocalic consonant">intervocalically</a>. The expected process of <a href="/wiki/Lenition" title="Lenition">lenition</a> (weakening and eventual loss of the intervocalic Proto-Turkic consonant *<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡ</span>) is thus complete in Turkish and underway in many other <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic languages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Azerbaijani_and_Crimean_Tatar_use">Azerbaijani and Crimean Tatar use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Azerbaijani and Crimean Tatar use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ğ⟩</span> represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>/</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">voiced velar fricative</a>. In Azeri, ğ never occurs at the beginning of a word.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tatar_use">Tatar use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tatar use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Turkic <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar language</a> is written mostly in <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>, but a Latin-based alphabet is also in use. In the Latin alphabet, ğ represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a>/</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">voiced uvular fricative</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Cyrillic, Tatar uses <b>г</b> for both g and ğ without distinction.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tatar ğ / г is the Arabic <a href="/wiki/Ghayn" title="Ghayn">ghayn غ</a>. In Arabic words and names where there’s an <a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">ayin ع</a>, Tatar adds the ghayn instead (عبد الله, ʻ<i>Abd Allāh, ’Abdullah;</i> Tatar: <b>Ğ</b>abdulla<i>,</i> <b>Г</b>абдулла; <a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1a_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="Yaña imlâ alphabet">Yaña imlâ</a>: غابدوللا /<b>ʁ</b>abdulla/).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">Mishar Tatar Dialect</a>, ğ is not pronounced, and thus, a word like <i>şiğır</i> (шигыр, "poem") is <i>şigır</i> or <i>şiyır</i> for <a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishars</a> (who <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">in Finland</a> use the Latin alphabet).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kazakh_use">Kazakh use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kazakh use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets#Latin_script" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh alphabets § Latin script</a></div> <p>The current Kazakh Latin alphabet proposal, last updated in March 2021 and commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Tokayev</a>, uses ğ to replace the Kazakh Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">Ғ</a> to represent the IPA <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span>. The earlier 2020 proposal listed <a href="/wiki/%C7%B4" title="Ǵ">Ǵ</a> instead, but was replaced after public criticism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Friulian_use">Friulian use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Friulian use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Faggin%E2%80%93Nazzi_alphabet" title="Faggin–Nazzi alphabet">Faggin–Nazzi alphabet</a> for <a href="/wiki/Friulian_language" title="Friulian language">Friulian language</a> uses the caron, owing to its Slavic influence. However, <span class="nowrap">⟨Ǧ⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨ǧ⟩</span> is often substituted with <span class="nowrap">⟨Ğ⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨ğ⟩</span> due to the former's lack of availability in fonts and input systems. This is because <span class="nowrap">⟨Ğ⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨ğ⟩</span> is in <a href="/wiki/Latin_Extended-A" title="Latin Extended-A">Latin Extended-A</a> alongside <span class="nowrap">⟨Č⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨č⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨Š⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨š⟩</span>, the other caron bearing letters in the alphabet, whereas <span class="nowrap">⟨Ǧ⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨ǧ⟩</span> is in <a href="/wiki/Latin_Extended-B" title="Latin Extended-B">Latin Extended-B</a>, which is available in fewer fonts and input systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character_encoding">Character encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Character encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ğ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ğ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061632564">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>286</td> <td>U+011E</td> <td>287</td> <td>U+011F </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>196 158</td> <td>C4 9E</td> <td>196 159</td> <td>C4 9F </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#286;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x11E;<wbr /></td> <td>&#287;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x11F;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2">&Gbreve;</td> <td colspan="2">&gbreve; </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-3">ISO 8859-3</a></td> <td>171</td> <td>AB</td> <td>187</td> <td>BB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-9">ISO 8859-9</a></td> <td>208</td> <td>D0</td> <td>240</td> <td>F0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">Ǧ</a> (g with <a href="/wiki/Caron" title="Caron">caron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%A0ayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ġayn">Ġayn</a> (Arabic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghayn_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghayn (Cyrillic)">Ghayn (Cyrillic)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9E&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GökselKerslake2005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GökselKerslake2005_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGökselKerslake2005" class="citation book cs1">Göksel, Aslı; 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Routledge. pp. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415114943" title="Special:BookSources/9780415114943"><bdi>9780415114943</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish%3A+A+Comprehensive+Grammar&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780415114943&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ksel&rft.aufirst=Asl%C4%B1&rft.au=Kerslake%2C+Celia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7fXCKZmee8QC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C4%9E" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minio.la.utexas.edu/webeditor-files/slavic/pdf/azeri.pdf">"Essentials of Azerbaijani: An Introductory Course"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Azerbaijani%3A+An+Introductory+Course&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminio.la.utexas.edu%2Fwebeditor-files%2Fslavic%2Fpdf%2Fazeri.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C4%9E" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurphon.info/languages/html?lang_id=46">"Tatar (Standard)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tatar+%28Standard%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurphon.info%2Flanguages%2Fhtml%3Flang_id%3D46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C4%9E" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tatar-language">"Tatar Language"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tatar+Language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTatar-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C4%9E" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revised+Proposal+to+encode+Arabic+characters+used+for+Bashkir%2C+Belarusian%2C+Crimean+Tatar%2C+and+Tatar+languages&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Yevlampiev%2C+Pentzlin%2C+Joomagueldinov&rft.aufirst=Ilya%2C+Karl%2C+Nurlan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2FL2%2FL2011%2F11209-n4072-arabic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C4%9E" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jazyki Rossijskoi 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ISBN 5-02-011237-2.  (In Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yabalak.fi/">"Yabalak Süzlek – Finnish-Tatar Dictionary"</a>. <i>yabalak.fi</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yabalak.fi&rft.atitle=Yabalak+S%C3%BCzlek+%E2%80%93+Finnish-Tatar+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyabalak.fi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C4%9E" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letter G with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%B4" title="Ǵ">Ǵǵ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ğğ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%9C" title="Ĝ">Ĝĝ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">Ǧǧ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%A0" title="Ġ">Ġġ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/G%CC%83" title="G̃">G̃g̃</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%A2" title="Ģ">Ģģ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḡ">Ḡḡ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/G_with_stroke" title="G with stroke">Ǥǥ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%A0" title="Ꞡ">Ꞡꞡ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɠ">Ɠɠ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/G%CA%BB" title="Gʻ">Gʻgʻ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B6%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ᶃ">ᶃ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AC%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="ꬶ">ꬶ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Turned_g" title="Turned g">⅁ᵷ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters using <a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a> sign (<span style="font-weight:100; font-size:125%;"> ◌̆, ◌̮ </span>)</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ăă </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æ̆ (page does not exist)">Æ̆æ̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/C%CC%86" title="C̆">C̆c̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ç̆ (page does not exist)">Ç̆ç̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĕ">Ĕĕ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḝ">Ḝḝ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C6%90%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ɛ̆ (page does not exist)">Ɛ̆ɛ̆</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ğğ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%AA" title="Ḫ">Ḫḫ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĭ">Ĭ ĭ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/K%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="K̆">K̆k̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/M%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="M̆">M̆m̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/N%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="N̆">N̆n̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŏ">Ŏŏ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C6%86%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ɔ̆ (page does not exist)">Ɔ̆ɔ̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%98%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ø̆ (page does not exist)">Ø̆ø̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%92%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Œ̆">Œ̆œ̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/P%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="P̆">P̆p̆</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Q̆ (page does not exist)">Q̆q̆</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/R%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="R̆">R̆r̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S̆ (page does not exist)">S̆s̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/T%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="T̆">T̆t̆</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%AC" title="Ŭ">Ŭŭ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/V%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="V̆">V̆v̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W̆ (page does not exist)">W̆w̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/X%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="X̆">X̆x̆ </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y%CC%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Y̆">Y̆y̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z̆ (page does not exist)">Z̆z̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BD%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ž̆ (page does not exist)">Ž̆ž̆ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C6%B7%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ʒ̆ (page does not exist)">Ʒ̆ʒ̆</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> 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