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<span>Toggle Political parties and elections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_parties_and_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vote_share_by_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vote_share_by_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Vote share by district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vote_share_by_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Local governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepotism_and_dynastic_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Corruption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Social issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background,_Independence_movement_and_Provisional_Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background,_Independence_movement_and_Provisional_Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Background, Independence movement and Provisional Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background,_Independence_movement_and_Provisional_Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Parliamentary_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Parliamentary_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>First Parliamentary Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Parliamentary_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1972–1975:_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1972–1975:_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>1972–1975: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1972–1975:_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Military Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-August–November_1975:_Khondaker_Mostaq_Ahmad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August–November_1975:_Khondaker_Mostaq_Ahmad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>August–November 1975: Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August–November_1975:_Khondaker_Mostaq_Ahmad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1975–1981:_Ziaur_Rahman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1975–1981:_Ziaur_Rahman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>1975–1981: Ziaur Rahman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1975–1981:_Ziaur_Rahman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1982–1990:_Hussain_Mohammed_Ershad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1982–1990:_Hussain_Mohammed_Ershad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>1982–1990: Hussain Mohammed Ershad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1982–1990:_Hussain_Mohammed_Ershad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_Parliamentary_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_Parliamentary_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Current Parliamentary Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_Parliamentary_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1991–1996:_Khaleda_Zia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1991–1996:_Khaleda_Zia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>1991–1996: Khaleda Zia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1991–1996:_Khaleda_Zia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996–2001:_Sheikh_Hasina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996–2001:_Sheikh_Hasina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>1996–2001: Sheikh Hasina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996–2001:_Sheikh_Hasina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2001–2006:_Khaleda_Zia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001–2006:_Khaleda_Zia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.3</span> <span>2001–2006: Khaleda Zia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001–2006:_Khaleda_Zia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006–2008:_Caretaker_government:_Fakhruddin_Ahmed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006–2008:_Caretaker_government:_Fakhruddin_Ahmed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.4</span> <span>2006–2008: Caretaker government: Fakhruddin Ahmed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006–2008:_Caretaker_government:_Fakhruddin_Ahmed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009–2024:_Sheikh_Hasina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009–2024:_Sheikh_Hasina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.5</span> <span>2009–2024: Sheikh Hasina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009–2024:_Sheikh_Hasina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024–Present:_Interim_Government:_Muhammad_Yunus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024–Present:_Interim_Government:_Muhammad_Yunus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.6</span> <span>2024–Present: Interim Government: Muhammad Yunus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024–Present:_Interim_Government:_Muhammad_Yunus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Bangladesh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="سياسة بنغلاديش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سياسة بنغلاديش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banqlade%C5%9Fin_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_qurulu%C5%9Fu" title="Banqladeşin dövlət quruluşu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Banqladeşin dövlət quruluşu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বাংলাদেশের রাজনীতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাংলাদেশের রাজনীতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Палітыка Бангладэш – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палітыка Бангладэш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Държавно устройство на Бангладеш – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Държавно устройство на Бангладеш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_au_Bangladesh" title="Politique au Bangladesh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politique au Bangladesh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="बांग्लादेश की राजनीति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बांग्लादेश की राजनीति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বাংলাদেশর রাজনীতি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বাংলাদেশর রাজনীতি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_Bangladesh" title="Politik Bangladesh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Politik Bangladesh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ბანგლადეშის პოლიტიკური სისტემა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბანგლადეშის პოლიტიკური სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Bangladesh" title="Política de Bangladesh – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Política de Bangladesh" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banglade%C5%9F%27te_siyaset" title="Bangladeş'te siyaset – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bangladeş'te siyaset" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1154632#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Very_long plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-very_long" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">too long</a> to read and navigate comfortably</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Consider <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">splitting</a> content into sub-articles, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">condensing</a> it, or adding <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections" title="Help:Section">subheadings</a>. Please discuss this issue on the article's <a href="/wiki/Talk:Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Talk:Politics of Bangladesh">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about political system in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. For governing body, see <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Government of Bangladesh</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Politics of Bangladesh</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg/100px-National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg/150px-National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg/200px-National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/100px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/150px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/200px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_Bangladesh" title="National Emblem of Bangladesh">National Emblem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh" title="Government Seal of Bangladesh">Government Seal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Polity type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constitution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution of Bangladesh</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislative branch</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad">Jatiya Sangsad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">Unicameral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meeting place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad_Bhaban" title="Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban">Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Presiding officer</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>vacant</i>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Speaker</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive branch</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Adviser_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Adviser of Bangladesh">Chief Adviser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">President</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bangladesh" title="Cabinet of Bangladesh">Cabinet of Bangladesh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yunus_interim_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunus interim government">Yunus cabinet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">President</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Secretariat" title="Bangladesh Secretariat">Bangladesh Secretariat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ministries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_agencies_in_Bangladesh" title="Government agencies in Bangladesh">21</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judicial branch</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Bangladesh" title="Judiciary of Bangladesh">Judiciary of Bangladesh</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Bangladesh" title="Supreme Court of Bangladesh">Supreme Court</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chief judge</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syed_Refaat_Ahmed" title="Syed Refaat Ahmed">Syed Refaat Ahmed</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base);">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#d33; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>Politics of Bangladesh</small> </span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg/120px-National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg/180px-National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg/240px-National_emblem_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangladesh_flag_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bangladesh_flag_bar.svg/200px-Bangladesh_flag_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bangladesh_flag_bar.svg/300px-Bangladesh_flag_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bangladesh_flag_bar.svg/400px-Bangladesh_flag_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3313" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#56bf85; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh"> <span style="color:#FFF;">Constitution</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Bangladesh">Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Bangladesh" title="Law of Bangladesh">Law of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Code" title="Bangladesh Code">Bangladesh Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_Code_of_Bangladesh" title="Penal Code of Bangladesh"> Penal Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bangladesh" title="Human rights in Bangladesh">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_70_of_the_Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh">Article 70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_Bangladesh" title="Judicial review in Bangladesh">Judicial review</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#56bf85; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh"> <span style="color:#FFF;">Government</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/50px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/75px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/100px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a></i><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Adviser_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Adviser of Bangladesh">Chief Adviser</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></i><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bangladesh" title="Cabinet of Bangladesh">Cabinet</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Yunus_ministry" title="Yunus ministry">Yunus (interim)</a></i><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Bangladesh" title="Taxation in Bangladesh">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_agencies_in_Bangladesh" title="Government agencies in Bangladesh">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Civil_Service" title="Bangladesh Civil Service">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Bangladesh" title="Local government in Bangladesh">Local governments</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#56bf85; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad"> <span style="color:#FFF;"> Parliament </span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Speaker</a>: <i>Vacant</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Bangladesh)" title="Leader of the House (Bangladesh)">Leader of the House</a>: <i>Vacant</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Bangladesh)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)">Leader of the Opposition</a>: <i>Vacant</i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#56bf85; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Bangladesh" title="Judiciary of Bangladesh"> <span style="color:#FFF;"> Judiciary </span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg/50px-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg/75px-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg/100px-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Bangladesh" title="Supreme Court of Bangladesh">Supreme Court</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Supreme Court, Appellate Division">Appellate Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court Division">High Court Division</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_courts_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District courts of Bangladesh (page does not exist)">District courts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_courts_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan courts of Bangladesh">Metropolitan courts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Bangladesh" title="Chief Justice of Bangladesh">Chief Justice</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Syed_Refaat_Ahmed" title="Syed Refaat Ahmed">Syed Refaat Ahmed</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Bangladesh" title="Attorney General of Bangladesh">Attorney General</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/AM_Amin_Uddin" title="AM Amin Uddin">AM Amin Uddin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bar_Council" title="Bangladesh Bar Council">Bangladesh Bar Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#56bf85; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Administrative geography of Bangladesh"> <span style="color:#FFF;"> Administrative divisions</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Bangladesh" title="Divisions of Bangladesh">Divisions</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bangladesh" title="Districts of Bangladesh">Districts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upazila" title="Upazila">Subdistricts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Bangladesh" title="Local government in Bangladesh">Local Councils</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#56bf85; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="color:#FFF;"> Elections </span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Election_Commission" title="Bangladesh Election Commission">Election commission</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2024 Bangladeshi general election">2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="Next Bangladeshi general election"><i>next</i></a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2018_Bangladeshi_presidential_election" title="2018 Bangladeshi presidential election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bangladeshi_presidential_election" title="2023 Bangladeshi presidential election">2023</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">Political parties</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#56bf85; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bangladesh" title="Foreign relations of Bangladesh"> <span style="color:#FFF;"> Foreign relations </span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bangladesh)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bangladesh)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh)">Minister</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Bangladesh" title="List of diplomatic missions of Bangladesh">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Bangladesh" title="List of diplomatic missions in Bangladesh">in Bangladesh</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_passport" title="Bangladeshi passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Bangladeshi_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Bangladeshi citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Bangladesh" title="Visa policy of Bangladesh">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bangladesh" title="Foreign relations of Bangladesh">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_diaspora" title="Bangladeshi diaspora">Bangladeshi diaspora</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/48px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/64px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangladesh" title="Portal:Bangladesh">Bangladesh portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Template:Politics of Bangladesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Template talk:Politics of Bangladesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Bangladesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>Politics of Bangladesh</b> takes place in a framework of a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>, whereby the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Prime Minister of Bangladesh</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> and of a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">Executive power</a> is exercised by the government. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the government and parliament. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution of Bangladesh</a> was written in 1972 and has undergone seventeen <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">amendments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15th_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15th-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current parliamentary system was adopted in 1991 and is based on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>. Between 1975 and 1990, the nation experienced military rule. A caretaker government was first introduced in 1990, after the resignation of military dictator Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad" title="Hussain Muhammad Ershad">Hussain Muhammad Ershad</a> (Ershad) to observe a neutral democratic election, as per demands of the two major political parties <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> (BNP) and <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a> (AL). Following the forced resignation of Ershad, Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Shahabuddin_Ahmed" title="Shahabuddin Ahmed">Shahabuddin Ahmed</a> was nominated as the Chief Advisor and observed the 1991 general election. A Caretaker government is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Chief_Adviser_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Adviser of Bangladesh">Chief Adviser</a> who enjoys the same power as the regular prime minister of the country except defense matters. The Advisors function as Ministers. After 1991, the Caretaker government has also held the elections of 1996, 2001 and 2008. Although, the first caretaker government was intended to help the transition from authoritarianism to democracy, this system was institutionalized in 1996, by the Sixth Parliament due to rising mistrust between the BNP and AL. In 2011, the then ruling party AL abolished the caretaker government system. This has been the biggest cause of dispute among many others between the BNP and the AL since then.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> rated Bangladesh a "<a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index#Definitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Index">hybrid regime</a>" in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-democracy-index_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-democracy-index-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (July 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <caption>Main office-holders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Party </th> <th scope="col">Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Seal_of_the_President_of_Bangladesh.svg/15px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Seal_of_the_President_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Seal_of_the_President_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="583" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td>24 April 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh.svg/15px-Seal_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Seal_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Prime Minister</a> </td> <td><i>vacant</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>5 August 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Chief_Advisor_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Seal_of_the_Chief_Advisor_of_Bangladesh.svg/15px-Seal_of_the_Chief_Advisor_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Seal_of_the_Chief_Advisor_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Seal_of_the_Chief_Advisor_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Seal_of_the_Chief_Advisor_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Chief_Advisor_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="576" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Advisor_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Advisor of Bangladesh">Chief Advisor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>8 August 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/15px-Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/23px-Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="348" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Parliament Speaker</a> </td> <td><i>vacant</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>6 August 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg/15px-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg/23px-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg/30px-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="405" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Bangladesh" title="Chief Justice of Bangladesh">Chief Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syed_Refaat_Ahmed" title="Syed Refaat Ahmed">Syed Refaat Ahmed</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td>10 August 2024 </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_parties_and_elections">Political parties and elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political parties and elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other political parties, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">List of political parties in Bangladesh</a>. An overview on elections and election results is included in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Elections in Bangladesh">Elections in Bangladesh</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Election_Commission" title="Bangladesh Election Commission">Bangladesh Election Commission</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Assembly_of_Bangladesh_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/National_Assembly_of_Bangladesh_%281%29.jpg/220px-National_Assembly_of_Bangladesh_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/National_Assembly_of_Bangladesh_%281%29.jpg/330px-National_Assembly_of_Bangladesh_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/National_Assembly_of_Bangladesh_%281%29.jpg/440px-National_Assembly_of_Bangladesh_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3175" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bangladesh">Parliament of Bangladesh</a> (2019)</figcaption></figure> <p>The three <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">major parties</a> in Bangladesh are the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> (BNP), <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a>. The BNP finds its allies among some <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> parties like <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh">Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh</a> while the Awami League aligns itself traditionally with <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularist</a> parties such as <a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal</a>. Another important player is the <a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a>, headed by late <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad" title="Hussain Muhammad Ershad">Hussain Muhammad Ershad</a>'s brother <a href="/wiki/GM_Quader" title="GM Quader">GM Quader</a>. The Awami League-BNP rivalry has been bitter and punctuated by protests, violence and murder. Student politics is particularly strong in Bangladesh, a legacy from the liberation movement era. Almost all parties have highly active student wings, and students have been elected to the parliament. </p><p>Three radical Islamist parties, <a href="/wiki/Jagrata_Muslim_Janata_Bangladesh" title="Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh">Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh</a> (JMJB) and <a href="/wiki/Jama%27atul_Mujahideen_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh">Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh</a> (JMB), <a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkatul Jihad</a> were banned in February 2004 on grounds of militancy and terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-satp_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the first series of bans, <a href="/wiki/2005_Bangladesh_bombings" title="2005 Bangladesh bombings">a series of bomb attacks took place in the country in August 2005</a>. The evidence of staging these attacks by these extremist groups have been found in the investigation, and hundreds of suspected members were detained in numerous security operations in 2006, including the two chiefs of the JMB, <a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Abdur_Rahman" title="Shaykh Abdur Rahman">Shaykh Abdur Rahman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangla_Bhai" title="Bangla Bhai">Bangla Bhai</a>, who were executed with other top leaders in March 2007, bringing the radical parties to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1970 Pakistani National Assembly election was held on 7 December 1970. The total number of voters were 29,479,386. The number of casting votes was 17,005,163 (57.68%), the valid casting votes was 1,64,54,278.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>1970 Pakistani National Assembly election </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td> <td>12,338,921</td> <td>74.9</td> <td>160 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></td> <td>991,908</td> <td>6.0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">PPP</td> <td>483,571</td> <td>2.9</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League" title="Pakistan Muslim League">Pakistan Muslim League</a> (Convention)</td> <td>464,185</td> <td>2.8</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party_(Wali)" title="National Awami Party (Wali)">National Awami Party (Wali)</a></td> <td>310,986</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League" title="Pakistan Muslim League">Pakistan Muslim League</a> (Kou)</td> <td>274,453</td> <td>1.6</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League" title="Pakistan Muslim League">Pakistan Muslim League</a> (Kayum)</td> <td>175,822</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Independent</td> <td>561,083</td> <td>3.4</td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 1970 East Pakistan Provincial Council election was held on 17 December 1970. The percentage of casting votes was (57.69%), and the number of reserved women seat was 10.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970_East_Pakistan_Provincial_Assembly_election" title="1970 East Pakistan Provincial Assembly election">1970 East Pakistan Provincial Assembly election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">288</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#3cb371"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Democratic_Party" title="Pakistan Democratic Party">Pakistan Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ff0000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party_(Wali)" title="National Awami Party (Wali)">National Awami Party (Wali)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#078edf"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan">Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D1F8AB"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Nizam-e-Islam_Party" title="Nizam-e-Islam Party">Nizam-e-Islam Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">7</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="3" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="3" style="text-align:left">Source: Baxter<sup id="cite_ref-B_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 1973 general election was held on 7 March 1973. There were 15 seats reserved for women.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="8" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1973.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1973.svg/360px-Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1973.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1973.svg/540px-Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1973.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1973.svg/720px-Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1973.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">%</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">General</th><th scope="col">Reserved</th><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">13,798,717</td><td style="text-align:right">73.20</td><td style="text-align:right">293</td><td style="text-align:right">15</td><td style="text-align:right">308</td><td style="text-align:right">+10</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party">National Awami Party (Muzaffar)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,569,299</td><td style="text-align:right">8.32</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,229,110</td><td style="text-align:right">6.52</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#cc0000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party_(Bhashani)" title="National Awami Party (Bhashani)">National Awami Party (Bhashani)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,002,771</td><td style="text-align:right">5.32</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E0B21B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jatiya_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Jatiya League">Bangladesh Jatiya League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">62,354</td><td style="text-align:right">0.33</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">+1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangla Jatiya League</td><td style="text-align:right">53,097</td><td style="text-align:right">0.28</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E91621"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh">Communist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">47,211</td><td style="text-align:right">0.25</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F86F9D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sramik_Krishak_Samajbadi_Dal" title="Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal">Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">38,421</td><td style="text-align:right">0.20</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Communist_Party_(Leninist)" title="Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist)">Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">18,619</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Shramik Federation</td><td style="text-align:right">17,271</td><td style="text-align:right">0.09</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Banglar Communist Party</td><td style="text-align:right">11,911</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangla Chattra Union</td><td style="text-align:right">7,564</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00BFFF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_(Pakistan_and_Bangladesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress (Pakistan and Bangladesh)">Bangladesh Jatiya Congress</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,761</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Ganatantrik Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">1,818</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">989,884</td><td style="text-align:right">5.25</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">–2</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">18,851,808</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">15</td><td style="text-align:right">315</td><td style="text-align:right">+5</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="8" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>18,851,808</td><td>97.53</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>477,875</td><td>2.47</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>19,329,683</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>35,205,642</td><td>54.91</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="8" style="text-align:left">Source: Nohlen <i>et al.</i>, Government of Bangladesh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20445157.pdf">Kumar Panday</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vote_share_by_district">Vote share by district</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Bangladeshi_general_election&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: Vote share by district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">BAL</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party">NAP-M</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party_(Bhashani)" title="National Awami Party (Bhashani)">NAP-B</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">JSD</a> </th> <th>Others </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Rangpur </td> <td>77.03 </td> <td>10.56 </td> <td>6.39 </td> <td>1.51 </td> <td>4.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Dinajpur </td> <td>78.52 </td> <td>8.30 </td> <td>4.56 </td> <td>0.76 </td> <td>7.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Bogra </td> <td>74.91 </td> <td>16.94 </td> <td>2.20 </td> <td>2.23 </td> <td>3.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Rajshahi </td> <td>74.93 </td> <td>8.95 </td> <td>4.23 </td> <td>8.45 </td> <td>3.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Pabna </td> <td>84.89 </td> <td>4.72 </td> <td>1.35 </td> <td>4.59 </td> <td>4.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Kushtia </td> <td>76.03 </td> <td>10.10 </td> <td>7.59 </td> <td>6.28 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Jessore </td> <td>77.44 </td> <td>3.29 </td> <td>9.14 </td> <td>6.33 </td> <td>3.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Khulna </td> <td>74.03 </td> <td>3.19 </td> <td>12.71 </td> <td>5.91 </td> <td>4.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Patuakhali </td> <td>73.14 </td> <td>14.07 </td> <td>1.09 </td> <td>1.09 </td> <td>10.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Bakerganj </td> <td>71.21 </td> <td>7.92 </td> <td>8.47 </td> <td>10.25 </td> <td>2.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Tangail </td> <td>56.42 </td> <td>5.28 </td> <td>16.82 </td> <td>19.44 </td> <td>2.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Mymensingh </td> <td>71.44 </td> <td>15.02 </td> <td>1.15 </td> <td>8.74 </td> <td>3.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Dacca </td> <td>76.05 </td> <td>7.37 </td> <td>3.51 </td> <td>5.62 </td> <td>7.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Faridpur </td> <td>87.90 </td> <td>3.42 </td> <td>0.81 </td> <td>2.76 </td> <td>5.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Sylhet </td> <td>67.70 </td> <td>14.40 </td> <td>3.56 </td> <td>4.79 </td> <td>9.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Comilla </td> <td>70.09 </td> <td>7.44 </td> <td>2.89 </td> <td>3.70 </td> <td>15.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Noakhali </td> <td>64.88 </td> <td>2.26 </td> <td>2.14 </td> <td>20.41 </td> <td>10.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Chittagong </td> <td>61.73 </td> <td>7.57 </td> <td>13.78 </td> <td>12.01 </td> <td>4.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Chittagong H.T. </td> <td>28.43 </td> <td>5.24 </td> <td>2.37 </td> <td>2.97 </td> <td>60.99 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td align="left" colspan="6">Source: Moten<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All 300 members of the parliament were men, and 15 additional seats were reserved for women. These women members were not directly elected; instead, they were chosen by the parliament and affiliated with the Awami League. Of the parliament members, 32% were lawyers, 20% were in business, 13% were agriculturalists, 12% were social workers and trade unionists, 9% were doctors, 6% were teachers, 6% were journalists, 1% were engineers, and 1% were students.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1979 general election was held on 18 February 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 30 seats reserved for women.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="8" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1979.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1979.svg/360px-Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1979.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1979.svg/540px-Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1979.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1979.svg/720px-Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1979.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">%</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">General</th><th scope="col">Reserved</th><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,934,236</td><td style="text-align:right">41.17</td><td style="text-align:right">207</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">237</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,734,277</td><td style="text-align:right">24.56</td><td style="text-align:right">39</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">39</td><td style="text-align:right">–269</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7DE8E8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Muslim_League" title="Bangladesh Muslim League">Bangladesh Muslim League</a>–<a href="/wiki/Islamic_Democratic_League" title="Islamic Democratic League">Islamic Democratic League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,941,394</td><td style="text-align:right">10.07</td><td style="text-align:right">20</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">20</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">931,851</td><td style="text-align:right">4.83</td><td style="text-align:right">8</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">8</td><td style="text-align:right">+7</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League (Mizan)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">535,426</td><td style="text-align:right">2.78</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party">National Awami Party (Muzaffar)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">432,514</td><td style="text-align:right">2.24</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00DACA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/United_Peoples%27_Party_(Bangladesh)" title="United Peoples' Party (Bangladesh)">United Peoples' Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">170,955</td><td style="text-align:right">0.89</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D2D200"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladesh_Gono_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangladesh Gono Front (page does not exist)">Bangladesh Gono Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">115,622</td><td style="text-align:right">0.60</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>National Awami Party (Nurur-Zahid)</td><td style="text-align:right">88,385</td><td style="text-align:right">0.46</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E91621"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh">Communist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">75,455</td><td style="text-align:right">0.39</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FB6F76"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_(Barua)" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Barua)">Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">74,771</td><td style="text-align:right">0.39</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E0B21B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jatiya_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Jatiya League">Bangladesh Jatiya League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">69,319</td><td style="text-align:right">0.36</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">+1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7BC873"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Ekata_Party" title="Jatiya Ekata Party">Jatiya Ekata Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">44,459</td><td style="text-align:right">0.23</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D7FB23"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladesh_Ganatantrik_Andolan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangladesh Ganatantrik Andolan (page does not exist)">Bangladesh Ganatantrik Andolan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">34,259</td><td style="text-align:right">0.18</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiyatabadi_Ganatantrik_Dal" title="Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal">Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">27,259</td><td style="text-align:right">0.14</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>National Awami Party (Naser)</td><td style="text-align:right">25,336</td><td style="text-align:right">0.13</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Janata Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">18,748</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>National Republican Party for Parity</td><td style="text-align:right">14,429</td><td style="text-align:right">0.07</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party</td><td style="text-align:right">10,932</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Labour Party</td><td style="text-align:right">7,738</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>People's Democratic Party</td><td style="text-align:right">5,703</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F86F9D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sramik_Krishak_Samajbadi_Dal" title="Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal">Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,954</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Democratic Party</td><td style="text-align:right">3,564</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Jatiya Mukti Party</td><td style="text-align:right">3,363</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Tanti Samity</td><td style="text-align:right">1,834</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Nezam-e-Islam Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,575</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#BFAC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gano_Azadi_League" title="Gano Azadi League">Gano Azadi League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,378</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>United Republican Party</td><td style="text-align:right">389</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Ganatantrik Chashi Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">130</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">1,963,345</td><td style="text-align:right">10.19</td><td style="text-align:right">16</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">16</td><td style="text-align:right">+15</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">19,273,600</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">330</td><td style="text-align:right">+15</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="8" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>19,273,600</td><td>97.95</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>402,524</td><td>2.05</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>19,676,124</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>38,363,858</td><td>51.29</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="8" style="text-align:left">Source: Nohlen <i>et al.</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/BANGLADESH_1979_E.PDF">IPU</a>, Government of Bangladesh</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 1986 general election was held on 7 May 1986. There were 30 seats reserved for women.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="8" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1986.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1986.svg/360px-Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1986.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1986.svg/540px-Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1986.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1986.svg/720px-Bangladesh_Parliament_Election_1986.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">%</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">General</th><th scope="col">Reserved</th><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F6F600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12,079,259</td><td style="text-align:right">42.34</td><td style="text-align:right">153</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">183</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,462,157</td><td style="text-align:right">26.16</td><td style="text-align:right">76</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">76</td><td style="text-align:right">+37</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#32CD32"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,314,057</td><td style="text-align:right">4.61</td><td style="text-align:right">10</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">10</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D35DA5"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal_(Rab)" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">725,303</td><td style="text-align:right">2.54</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7DE8E8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Muslim_League" title="Bangladesh Muslim League">Bangladesh Muslim League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">412,765</td><td style="text-align:right">1.45</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">+4</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oikya_National_Awami_Party" title="Oikya National Awami Party">Oikya National Awami Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">369,824</td><td style="text-align:right">1.30</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">+5</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E91621"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh">Communist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">259,728</td><td style="text-align:right">0.91</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">+5</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#94065C"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal_(Siraj)" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">248,705</td><td style="text-align:right">0.87</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party">National Awami Party (Muzaffar)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">202,520</td><td style="text-align:right">0.71</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">+1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6B2E1B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Krishak_Sramik_Awami_League_(post-1983)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (post-1983)">Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">191,107</td><td style="text-align:right">0.67</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#992d46"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Workers Party of Bangladesh">Workers Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">151,828</td><td style="text-align:right">0.53</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#99E600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khilafat_Andolan" title="Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan">Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">123,306</td><td style="text-align:right">0.43</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jana Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">98,100</td><td style="text-align:right">0.34</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Nagarik Sanghati</td><td style="text-align:right">68,290</td><td style="text-align:right">0.24</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Islami Jukta Front</td><td style="text-align:right">50,509</td><td style="text-align:right">0.18</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party (Odud)</td><td style="text-align:right">46,704</td><td style="text-align:right">0.16</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FB6F76"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_(Barua)" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Barua)">Bangladesh Samyabadi Dal (M-L)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">36,944</td><td style="text-align:right">0.13</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#BFAC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gano_Azadi_League" title="Gano Azadi League">Gano Azadi League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">23,632</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Islamic Andolan</td><td style="text-align:right">22,931</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jamaaiatay Olamaya Islam</td><td style="text-align:right">5,676</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jamaaiatay Olamaya Islam-Nezam-e-Islami party</td><td style="text-align:right">5,572</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Pragotishil Jatiyatabadi Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">2,997</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party (Sujat)</td><td style="text-align:right">1,988</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Jayita League</td><td style="text-align:right">1,985</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Hindu Oikkya Front</td><td style="text-align:right">1,338</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiyatabadi_Ganatantrik_Dal" title="Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal">Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">149</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Young Muslim Society</td><td style="text-align:right">141</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Islamic Republican Party</td><td style="text-align:right">110</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">4,619,025</td><td style="text-align:right">16.19</td><td style="text-align:right">32</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">32</td><td style="text-align:right">+16</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">28,526,650</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">330</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="8" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>28,526,650</td><td>98.69</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>377,209</td><td>1.31</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>28,903,859</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>47,305,886</td><td>61.10</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="8" style="text-align:left">Source: Nohlen <i>et al.</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/BANGLADESH_1986_E.PDF">IPU</a>, Government of Bangladesh</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 1988 general election was held on 3 March 1988. There were 30 seats reserved for women.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">Seats</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F6F600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">17,680,133</td><td style="text-align:right">68.44</td><td style="text-align:right">251</td><td style="text-align:right">+98</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combined_Opposition_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combined Opposition Party (page does not exist)">Combined Opposition Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,263,340</td><td style="text-align:right">12.63</td><td style="text-align:right">19</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFDD93"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Freedom_Party" title="Bangladesh Freedom Party">Bangladesh Freedom Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">850,284</td><td style="text-align:right">3.29</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#94065C"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal_(Siraj)" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">309,666</td><td style="text-align:right">1.20</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#99E600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khilafat_Andolan" title="Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan">Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">105,910</td><td style="text-align:right">0.41</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>23-Party Alliance</td><td style="text-align:right">102,930</td><td style="text-align:right">0.40</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Ganatantra Bastabayan Party</td><td style="text-align:right">4,209</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jana Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">28,929</td><td style="text-align:right">0.11</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">3,487,457</td><td style="text-align:right">13.50</td><td style="text-align:right">25</td><td style="text-align:right">–7</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">25,832,858</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="6" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="6" style="text-align:left">Source: Nohlen, Government of Bangladesh</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 1991 general election was held on 13 January 1991. There were 30 seats reserved for women.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">%</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">General</th><th scope="col">Reserved</th><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">10,507,549</td><td style="text-align:right">30.81</td><td style="text-align:right">140</td><td style="text-align:right">28</td><td style="text-align:right">168</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">10,259,866</td><td style="text-align:right">30.08</td><td style="text-align:right">88</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">88</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#32CD32"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,136,661</td><td style="text-align:right">12.13</td><td style="text-align:right">18</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">20</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F6F600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,063,537</td><td style="text-align:right">11.92</td><td style="text-align:right">35</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">35</td><td style="text-align:right">–216</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6B2E1B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Krishak_Sramik_Awami_League_(post-1983)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (post-1983)">Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">616,014</td><td style="text-align:right">1.81</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#089B4B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zaker_Party" title="Zaker Party">Zaker Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">417,737</td><td style="text-align:right">1.22</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E91621"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh">Communist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">407,515</td><td style="text-align:right">1.19</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D35DA5"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal_(Rab)" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">269,451</td><td style="text-align:right">0.79</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6AD900"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Islami_Oikya_Jote" title="Islami Oikya Jote">Islami Oikya Jote</a></td><td style="text-align:right">269,434</td><td style="text-align:right">0.79</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party">National Awami Party (Muzaffar)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">259,978</td><td style="text-align:right">0.76</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">171,011</td><td style="text-align:right">0.50</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6a9a62"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ganatantri_Party" title="Ganatantri Party">Ganatantri Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">152,529</td><td style="text-align:right">0.45</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFBB2B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Bangladesh)" title="National Democratic Party (Bangladesh)">National Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">121,918</td><td style="text-align:right">0.36</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Janata Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">120,729</td><td style="text-align:right">0.35</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#EC435A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/United_Communist_League_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="United Communist League of Bangladesh">United Communist League of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">110,517</td><td style="text-align:right">0.32</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#99E600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khilafat_Andolan" title="Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan">Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">93,049</td><td style="text-align:right">0.27</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFDD93"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Freedom_Party" title="Bangladesh Freedom Party">Bangladesh Freedom Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">90,781</td><td style="text-align:right">0.27</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#94065C"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal_(Siraj)" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">84,276</td><td style="text-align:right">0.25</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">–2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7DE8E8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Muslim_League" title="Bangladesh Muslim League">Bangladesh Muslim League (Ainuddin)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">66,565</td><td style="text-align:right">0.20</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#992d46"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Workers Party of Bangladesh">Workers Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">63,434</td><td style="text-align:right">0.19</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E00024"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Socialist Party of Bangladesh">Bangladesh Samajtantrik Dal (Khaliquzzaman)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">34,868</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7DE8E8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Muslim_League" title="Bangladesh Muslim League">Bangladesh Muslim League (Kader)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">32,693</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Janata Mukti Party</td><td style="text-align:right">30,962</td><td style="text-align:right">0.09</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:black"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Ganotantrik_Party" title="Jatiya Ganotantrik Party">Jatiya Ganotantrik Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">24,761</td><td style="text-align:right">0.07</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Inquilab Party</td><td style="text-align:right">24,310</td><td style="text-align:right">0.07</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Oikkya Front</td><td style="text-align:right">21,624</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party–Ganatantrik Oikkya Jote</td><td style="text-align:right">20,568</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jomiyatay Wulamayya Islami Party</td><td style="text-align:right">15,073</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Samajtantrik Dal (Mahbub)</td><td style="text-align:right">13,413</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Hindu League</td><td style="text-align:right">11,941</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Samyabadi Dal (Marxist-Leninist)</td><td style="text-align:right">11,275</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Oikkya Prakriyya</td><td style="text-align:right">11,074</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7DE8E8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Muslim_League" title="Bangladesh Muslim League">Bangladesh Muslim League (Matin)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">11,073</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#cc0000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party_(Bhashani)" title="National Awami Party (Bhashani)">National Awami Party (Bhashani)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9,129</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Pragotishil Jatiyatabadi Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">6,677</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F86F9D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sramik_Krishak_Samajbadi_Dal" title="Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal">Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6,396</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Biplobi Front</td><td style="text-align:right">3,671</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Pragotishil Ganatantrik Sakt</td><td style="text-align:right">3,598</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party (Ashraf)</td><td style="text-align:right">3,187</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Jatiya Tanti Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">3,115</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7DE8E8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Muslim_League" title="Bangladesh Muslim League">Bangladesh Muslim League (Yusuf)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,757</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Jukta Front</td><td style="text-align:right">2,668</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party (Asad)</td><td style="text-align:right">1,570</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh National Congress</td><td style="text-align:right">1,421</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Chhashi Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">1,317</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#BFAC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gano_Azadi_League" title="Gano Azadi League">Gano Azadi League (Samad)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,314</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Janasakti Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,263</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Nezam-e-Islam Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,236</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Islamic Samajtantrik Dal Bangladesh</td><td style="text-align:right">1,039</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Freedom League</td><td style="text-align:right">1,034</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Peoples Democratic Party</td><td style="text-align:right">879</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh People's League (Goariobi Newaz)</td><td style="text-align:right">742</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Mukti Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">723</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Jana Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">686</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Muslim Peoples Party</td><td style="text-align:right">515</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Mukti Andolan</td><td style="text-align:right">503</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh National Hindu Party</td><td style="text-align:right">502</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiyatabadi_Ganatantrik_Dal" title="Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal">Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">496</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Democratic League</td><td style="text-align:right">453</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Humanitarian Organization for the Prevention of Smoking and Drug Abuse</td><td style="text-align:right">453</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Tarun Sangha</td><td style="text-align:right">417</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Labour Party</td><td style="text-align:right">318</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Manobatabadi Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">294</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Ideal Party</td><td style="text-align:right">251</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>National Awami Party (Sadequr Rahman)</td><td style="text-align:right">248</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Khilafat Party</td><td style="text-align:right">241</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Islamic Biplobi Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">214</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FEF189"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Front" title="Bangladesh Islami Front">Bangladesh Islami Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">202</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Bekar Samaj</td><td style="text-align:right">182</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Adarsha Krishak Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">154</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Islamic Revolutionary Party</td><td style="text-align:right">138</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Bekar Party</td><td style="text-align:right">39</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Sramajibi Party</td><td style="text-align:right">28</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>National Awami Party (Nur Mohammad Kazi)</td><td style="text-align:right">27</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Jatiya People's Party</td><td style="text-align:right">25</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">1,497,369</td><td style="text-align:right">4.39</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">–22</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">34,103,677</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">330</td><td style="text-align:right">+30</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="8" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>34,103,677</td><td>98.92</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>374,026</td><td>1.08</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>34,477,703</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>62,181,743</td><td>55.45</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="8" style="text-align:left">Source: Nohlen <i>et al.</i>, Bangladesh Election Commission, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20445157.pdf">Kumar Panday</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_1996_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="February 1996 Bangladeshi general election">February 1996 Bangladeshi general election</a></div> <p>Following boycotts by the main opposition party, the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> won the uncontested elections. However, amidst protests, they were made to cave into Awami League's original demands, dissolve the parliament, and hold elections under a neutral <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">caretaker government</a>, after the enactment of the 13th amendment. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="8" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jatiya_Sangsad_February_1996.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jatiya_Sangsad_February_1996.svg/360px-Jatiya_Sangsad_February_1996.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jatiya_Sangsad_February_1996.svg/540px-Jatiya_Sangsad_February_1996.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jatiya_Sangsad_February_1996.svg/720px-Jatiya_Sangsad_February_1996.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">%</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">General</th><th scope="col">Reserved</th><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">278</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">308</td><td style="text-align:right">+140</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFDD93"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Freedom_Party" title="Bangladesh Freedom Party">Bangladesh Freedom Party</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">10</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">10</td><td style="text-align:right">+7</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Vacant</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">11</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">11</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">330</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="8" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>11,776,481</td><td>–</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>56,149,182</td><td>20.97</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="8" style="text-align:left">Source: Nohlen <i>et al.</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20445157.pdf">Kumar Panday</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_1996_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="June 1996 Bangladeshi general election">June 1996 Bangladeshi general election</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> won the June 1996 general election for the first time since 1973 by forming a coalition government, since they fell 5 seats short of a majority. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="8" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangladesh_February_1996_Parliament_Election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bangladesh_February_1996_Parliament_Election.svg/360px-Bangladesh_February_1996_Parliament_Election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bangladesh_February_1996_Parliament_Election.svg/540px-Bangladesh_February_1996_Parliament_Election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bangladesh_February_1996_Parliament_Election.svg/720px-Bangladesh_February_1996_Parliament_Election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">%</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">General</th><th scope="col">Reserved</th><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">15,882,792</td><td style="text-align:right">37.44</td><td style="text-align:right">146</td><td style="text-align:right">27</td><td style="text-align:right">173</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">14,255,986</td><td style="text-align:right">33.61</td><td style="text-align:right">116</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">116</td><td style="text-align:right">–192</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F6F600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6,954,981</td><td style="text-align:right">16.40</td><td style="text-align:right">32</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">35</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#32CD32"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,653,013</td><td style="text-align:right">8.61</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6AD900"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Islami_Oikya_Jote" title="Islami Oikya Jote">Islami Oikya Jote</a></td><td style="text-align:right">461,517</td><td style="text-align:right">1.09</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#089B4B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zaker_Party" title="Zaker Party">Zaker Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">167,597</td><td style="text-align:right">0.40</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D35DA5"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal_(Rab)" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">97,916</td><td style="text-align:right">0.23</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#992d46"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Workers Party of Bangladesh">Workers Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">56,404</td><td style="text-align:right">0.13</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#47C187"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gano_Forum" title="Gano Forum">Gano Forum</a></td><td style="text-align:right">54,250</td><td style="text-align:right">0.13</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">50,944</td><td style="text-align:right">0.12</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E91621"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh">Communist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">48,549</td><td style="text-align:right">0.11</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:green"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">45,585</td><td style="text-align:right">0.11</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Sammilita Sangram Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">40,803</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFDD93"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Freedom_Party" title="Bangladesh Freedom Party">Bangladesh Freedom Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">38,974</td><td style="text-align:right">0.09</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Samridhya Bangladesh Andolon</td><td style="text-align:right">27,083</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FEF189"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Front" title="Bangladesh Islami Front">Bangladesh Islami Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">23,696</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#99E600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khilafat_Andolan" title="Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan">Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">18,397</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Jatiyabadi Awami League</td><td style="text-align:right">11,190</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Islami Shasantantra Andolon</td><td style="text-align:right">11,159</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E00024"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Socialist Party of Bangladesh">Bangladesher Samajtantrik Dal (Khalekuzzaman)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">10,234</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Samajtantrik Dal (Mahbub)</td><td style="text-align:right">6,791</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party-Bangladesh_NAP" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party-Bangladesh NAP">Bangladesh National Awami Party (NAP Bashani)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,948</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7DE8E8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Muslim_League" title="Bangladesh Muslim League">Bangladesh Muslim League (Jamir Ali)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,580</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6a9a62"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ganatantri_Party" title="Ganatantri Party">Ganatantri Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,114</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party">Bangladesh National Awami Party (NAP)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,620</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Democratic Republican Party</td><td style="text-align:right">3,605</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Janata Party</td><td style="text-align:right">3,364</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party (Nurul Islam)</td><td style="text-align:right">2,986</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party (Sheikh Asad)</td><td style="text-align:right">2,395</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF3300"></td><td>Social Democratic Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,938</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#BFAC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gano_Azadi_League" title="Gano Azadi League">Bangladesh Gano Azadi League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,683</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Progotisil Jatiata Badi Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">1,515</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Hak Kathar Mancha</td><td style="text-align:right">1,340</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FB6F76"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_(Barua)" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Barua)">Bangladesh Samyabadi Dal (Marxist-Leninist)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,148</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F86F9D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sramik_Krishak_Samajbadi_Dal" title="Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal">Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">964</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Communist Kendra</td><td style="text-align:right">888</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Biplobi Front</td><td style="text-align:right">631</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Saat Dalya Jote (Mirpur)</td><td style="text-align:right">602</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Hindu League</td><td style="text-align:right">570</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Peoples Party</td><td style="text-align:right">558</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Bekar Samaj</td><td style="text-align:right">548</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Tafsil Jati Federation (S.K. Mandal)</td><td style="text-align:right">537</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Desh Prem Party</td><td style="text-align:right">532</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Ganotantrik Sarbahara Party</td><td style="text-align:right">502</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Jatiya League (Sobhan)</td><td style="text-align:right">418</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jana Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">395</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Mahiuddin)</td><td style="text-align:right">393</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Seba Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">365</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ff8c00"></td><td>National Democratic Party</td><td style="text-align:right">353</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Krisak Sramik Janata Party</td><td style="text-align:right">294</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Islami Al Zihad Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">288</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Sarbahara Party</td><td style="text-align:right">248</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Daridra Party</td><td style="text-align:right">244</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Sramajibi Oikya Forum</td><td style="text-align:right">229</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Islamic Dal Bangladesh (Saifur)</td><td style="text-align:right">221</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh People's League</td><td style="text-align:right">213</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Samajtantrik Samsad (Darshan Shava)</td><td style="text-align:right">209</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Mukti Andolon</td><td style="text-align:right">189</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Gano Oikkya Front (Guff)</td><td style="text-align:right">186</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Mehanati Front</td><td style="text-align:right">173</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Tafsili Federation (Sudir)</td><td style="text-align:right">150</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>People's Muslim League</td><td style="text-align:right">140</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#cc0000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party_(Bhashani)" title="National Awami Party (Bhashani)">National Awami Party (NAP Bhashani)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">138</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Quran Dorshion Sangshta Bangladesh</td><td style="text-align:right">137</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Progatishil Gonotantrik Shakti</td><td style="text-align:right">134</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Islami Party</td><td style="text-align:right">132</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Jatiya Agragati Party</td><td style="text-align:right">131</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Oikya Prokria</td><td style="text-align:right">112</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Bashani Adarsha Bastabayan Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">107</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Bastuhara Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">105</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh National Congress</td><td style="text-align:right">99</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Quran Sunna Bastabayan Party</td><td style="text-align:right">82</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Tanjimul Muslimin</td><td style="text-align:right">81</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Samridhya Bangladesh Babosai Samproday</td><td style="text-align:right">48</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bashani Front</td><td style="text-align:right">45</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Krishak Raj Islami Party</td><td style="text-align:right">33</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#000000"></td><td>National Patriotic Party</td><td style="text-align:right">31</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Islami Biplobi Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">29</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Taherikay Olama-e-Bangladesh</td><td style="text-align:right">29</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00DACA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/United_Peoples%27_Party_(Bangladesh)" title="United Peoples' Party (Bangladesh)">United Peoples' Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">26</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Manabodjikar Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">20</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">449,618</td><td style="text-align:right">1.06</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">42,418,274</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">330</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="8" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>42,418,274</td><td>98.92</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>462,302</td><td>1.08</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>42,880,576</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>56,716,935</td><td>75.60</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="8" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729230304/http://www.ecs.gov.bd/MenuExternalFilesEng/125.pdf">Bangladesh Election Commission</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20445157.pdf">Kumar Panday</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2001_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2001 Bangladeshi general election">2001 Bangladeshi general election</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">BNP</a> won two-thirds majority in the parliament and won the 2001 general election. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">22,833,978</td><td style="text-align:right">40.97</td><td style="text-align:right">193</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">22,365,516</td><td style="text-align:right">40.13</td><td style="text-align:right">62</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#54AC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Islami_Jatiya_Oikya_Front" title="Islami Jatiya Oikya Front">Islami Jatiya Oikya Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,038,453</td><td style="text-align:right">7.25</td><td style="text-align:right">14</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#32CD32"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,385,361</td><td style="text-align:right">4.28</td><td style="text-align:right">17</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C1C100"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jatiya_Party" title="Bangladesh Jatiya Party">Bangladesh Jatiya Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">621,772</td><td style="text-align:right">1.12</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6AD900"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Islami_Oikya_Jote" title="Islami Oikya Jote">Islami Oikya Jote</a></td><td style="text-align:right">376,343</td><td style="text-align:right">0.68</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#B58C33"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Krishak_Sramik_Janata_League" title="Krishak Sramik Janata League">Krishak Sramik Janata League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">261,344</td><td style="text-align:right">0.47</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CCCC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Manju)" title="Jatiya Party (Manju)">Jatiya Party (Manju)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">243,617</td><td style="text-align:right">0.44</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">119,382</td><td style="text-align:right">0.21</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E91621"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh">Communist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">56,991</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#992d46"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Workers Party of Bangladesh">Workers Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">40,484</td><td style="text-align:right">0.07</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FEF189"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Front" title="Bangladesh Islami Front">Bangladesh Islami Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">30,761</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E00024"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Socialist Party of Bangladesh">BASAD–Khalekuzzaman</a></td><td style="text-align:right">21,164</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:green"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">19,256</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#99E600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khilafat_Andolan" title="Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan">Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">13,472</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#47C187"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gano_Forum" title="Gano Forum">Gano Forum</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8,494</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C7EA00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Islami_Andolan_Bangladesh" title="Islami Andolan Bangladesh">Islami Shasantantra Andolon</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,944</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#EA6D6A"></td><td>Liberal Party Bangladesh</td><td style="text-align:right">3,976</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>National Awami Party (NAP)</td><td style="text-align:right">3,801</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Progressive Party</td><td style="text-align:right">3,734</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6a9a62"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ganatantri_Party" title="Ganatantri Party">Ganatantri Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,190</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Samajtantrik Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">2,308</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Janata Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,703</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Mukti Andolon</td><td style="text-align:right">1,248</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#089B4B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zaker_Party" title="Zaker Party">Zaker Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,181</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Peoples Congress</td><td style="text-align:right">1,155</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Communist Kendra</td><td style="text-align:right">1,042</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FB6F76"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_(Barua)" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Barua)">Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">972</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Hindu League</td><td style="text-align:right">922</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#BFAC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gano_Azadi_League" title="Gano Azadi League">Gano Azadi League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">780</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiyo Janata Party (Adv. Nurul Islam Khan)</td><td style="text-align:right">657</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Muslim League (Jamir Ali)</td><td style="text-align:right">582</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#000000"></td><td>National Patriotic Party</td><td style="text-align:right">551</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#cc0000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party_(Bhashani)" title="National Awami Party (Bhashani)">National Awami Party (Bhashani)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">442</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Jatiya Tanti Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">441</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Samridha Bangladesh Andolon</td><td style="text-align:right">429</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F86F9D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sramik_Krishak_Samajbadi_Dal" title="Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal">Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">391</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Peoples Party</td><td style="text-align:right">382</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Desh Prem Party</td><td style="text-align:right">366</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Democratic Republican Party</td><td style="text-align:right">364</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Manabadhikar Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">237</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Krisak Sramik Janata Party</td><td style="text-align:right">197</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Liberal Democrats Party</td><td style="text-align:right">170</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Quran Darshan Sangstha Bangladesh</td><td style="text-align:right">161</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party (Sheik Asad)</td><td style="text-align:right">148</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Pragatishil Ganotantrik Shakti</td><td style="text-align:right">136</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Sama-Samaj Ganotantri Party</td><td style="text-align:right">131</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>National Awami Party (NAP-Bhashani Mushtaq)</td><td style="text-align:right">79</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Quran and Sunnah Bastabayan Party</td><td style="text-align:right">77</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bhashani Front</td><td style="text-align:right">76</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6B2E1B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Krishak_Sramik_Awami_League" title="Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League">Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">59</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Bhashani Adarsha Bastabayan Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">58</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Sarbahara Party</td><td style="text-align:right">44</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jatiya Janata Party (Hafizur)</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">2,262,073</td><td style="text-align:right">4.06</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">55,736,625</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>55,736,625</td><td>99.20</td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>449,082</td><td>0.80</td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>56,185,707</td><td>100.00</td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>74,946,364</td><td>74.97</td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecs.gov.bd/files/Khdh5RFCFWlp1NOVIdJv3AsAPsvRoFHAOTZBBgZ7.pdf">ECB</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2008_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2008 Bangladeshi general election">2008 Bangladeshi general election</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> won two-thirds majority in the parliament and won the 2008 general election. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="10" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jatiya_Sangsad_by_alliance_2008.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Jatiya_Sangsad_by_alliance_2008.svg/250px-Jatiya_Sangsad_by_alliance_2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Jatiya_Sangsad_by_alliance_2008.svg/375px-Jatiya_Sangsad_by_alliance_2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Jatiya_Sangsad_by_alliance_2008.svg/500px-Jatiya_Sangsad_by_alliance_2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jatiya_Sangsad_2008.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jatiya_Sangsad_2008.svg/250px-Jatiya_Sangsad_2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jatiya_Sangsad_2008.svg/375px-Jatiya_Sangsad_2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jatiya_Sangsad_2008.svg/500px-Jatiya_Sangsad_2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span><br />Seats won by alliance (left) and party (right)</th></tr><tr><th scope="col" rowspan="2" colspan="4">Party or alliance</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">%</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">General</th><th scope="col">Reserved</th><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="6" style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(Bangladesh)" title="Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)">Grand Alliance</a></td><td style="background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">33,634,629</td><td style="text-align:right">48.04</td><td style="text-align:right">230</td><td style="text-align:right">36</td><td style="text-align:right">266</td><td style="text-align:right">+204</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#F6F600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party (Ershad)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,926,360</td><td style="text-align:right">7.04</td><td style="text-align:right">27</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">31</td><td style="text-align:right">+17</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">506,605</td><td style="text-align:right">0.72</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">+3</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#992d46"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Workers Party of Bangladesh">Workers Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">262,093</td><td style="text-align:right">0.37</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">+2</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#2e3192"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Bangladesh)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh)">Liberal Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">191,679</td><td style="text-align:right">0.27</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr style="font-style:italic"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right;font-style:italic">39,521,366</td><td style="text-align:right;font-style:italic">56.45</td><td style="text-align:right">263</td><td style="text-align:right">40</td><td style="text-align:right">303</td><td style="text-align:right">+226</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/20_Party_Alliance" title="20 Party Alliance">Four Party<br />Alliance</a></td><td style="background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">22,757,101</td><td style="text-align:right">32.50</td><td style="text-align:right">30</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">35</td><td style="text-align:right">–158</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#32CD32"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,289,967</td><td style="text-align:right">4.70</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">–15</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#C1C100"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jatiya_Party" title="Bangladesh Jatiya Party">Bangladesh Jatiya Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">173,292</td><td style="text-align:right">0.25</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">–3</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#6AD900"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Islami_Oikya_Jote" title="Islami Oikya Jote">Islami Oikya Jote</a></td><td style="text-align:right">108,415</td><td style="text-align:right">0.15</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–2</td></tr><tr style="font-style:italic"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right;font-style:italic">26,328,775</td><td style="text-align:right;font-style:italic">37.61</td><td style="text-align:right">33</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">38</td><td style="text-align:right">–178</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C7EA00"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Islami_Andolan_Bangladesh" title="Islami Andolan Bangladesh">Islami Andolan Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">658,254</td><td style="text-align:right">0.94</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:green"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">175,245</td><td style="text-align:right">0.25</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#000064"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bikalpa_Dhara_Bangladesh" title="Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh">Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">146,827</td><td style="text-align:right">0.21</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#089B4B"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Zaker_Party" title="Zaker Party">Zaker Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">134,933</td><td style="text-align:right">0.19</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:black"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Ganotantrik_Party" title="Jatiya Ganotantrik Party">Jatiya Ganotantrik Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">107,796</td><td style="text-align:right">0.15</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#B58C33"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Krishak_Sramik_Janata_League" title="Krishak Sramik Janata League">Krishak Sramik Janata League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">102,879</td><td style="text-align:right">0.15</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#47C187"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Gano_Forum" title="Gano Forum">Gano Forum</a></td><td style="text-align:right">72,911</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E91621"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh">Communist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">42,331</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E00024"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Socialist Party of Bangladesh">Socialist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">38,643</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D35DA5"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal_(Rab)" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">37,350</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FEF189"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Front" title="Bangladesh Islami Front">Bangladesh Islami Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">31,785</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#41B0A8"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Khelafat_Majlish" class="mw-redirect" title="Khelafat Majlish">Khelafat Majlish</a></td><td style="text-align:right">27,921</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party">Bangladesh National Awami Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">24,141</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Kalayan_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Kalayan Party">Bangladesh Kalayan Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">21,609</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#40E0D0"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Tarikat_Federation" title="Bangladesh Tarikat Federation">Bangladesh Tarikat Federation</a></td><td style="text-align:right">19,905</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#99E600"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khilafat_Andolan" title="Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan">Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">16,944</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#A7452E"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_(Bangladesh)" title="Progressive Democratic Party (Bangladesh)">Progressive Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">14,228</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td colspan="3">National People's Party</td><td style="text-align:right">10,348</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C1C100"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jatiya_Party" title="Bangladesh Jatiya Party">Bangladesh Jatiya Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8,383</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CCCC00"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Manju)" title="Jatiya Party (Manju)">Jatiya Party (Manju)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,818</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party-Bangladesh_NAP" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party-Bangladesh NAP">Bangladesh NAP</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,365</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:Blue"></td><td colspan="3">People's Front</td><td style="text-align:right">4,009</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td colspan="3">United Citizens Movement</td><td style="text-align:right">3,542</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6a9a62"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ganatantri_Party" title="Ganatantri Party">Ganatantri Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,550</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:Black"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh">Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,021</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7DE8E8"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Muslim_League" title="Bangladesh Muslim League">Bangladesh Muslim League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,113</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8F674E"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_Bangladesh" title="Islamic Front Bangladesh">Islamic Front Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,020</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFDD93"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Freedom_Party" title="Bangladesh Freedom Party">Bangladesh Freedom Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">566</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FB6F76"></td><td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_(Barua)" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Barua)">Communist Party of Bangladesh (ML)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">297</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td colspan="3">Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">2,060,392</td><td style="text-align:right">2.94</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">–2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">None of the above</td><td style="text-align:right">381,924</td><td style="text-align:right">0.55</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="4">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">70,012,191</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">45</td><td style="text-align:right">345</td><td style="text-align:right">+45</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="10" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>70,012,191</td><td>99.10</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>636,294</td><td>0.90</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>70,648,485</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>81,087,003</td><td>87.13</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="10" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecs.gov.bd/files/36Sa01LjyXk71kuGw5U1oK5zGEvYq8LxRx5sm0MG.pdf">ECB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090331131550/http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/16412">Asian Tribune</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Awami League was declared victors in 127 of the 154 uncontested seats by default in the 5 January 2014 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the remaining uncontested seats, the Jatiya Party led by <a href="/wiki/Rowshan_Ershad" title="Rowshan Ershad">Rowshan Ershad</a> won 20, the JSD won three, the Workers Party won two and the Jatiya Party (Manju) won one.<sup id="cite_ref-bdnews1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdnews1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of violence and the opposition boycott voter turnout was 22%.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Results of 139 seats out of 147 were released, with the Awami League winning 105, the Jatiya Party winning 13, the Workers Party winning four, the JSD winning two and the Tarikat Federation and BNF winning one each.<sup id="cite_ref-bdnews1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdnews1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining 8 constituencies election were suspended due to violence and re-election to be held.<sup id="cite_ref-bdnews1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdnews1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly elected MPs were sworn in on 9 January.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="7" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jatiya_Sangsad_2014.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jatiya_Sangsad_2014.svg/360px-Jatiya_Sangsad_2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jatiya_Sangsad_2014.svg/540px-Jatiya_Sangsad_2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jatiya_Sangsad_2014.svg/720px-Jatiya_Sangsad_2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">%</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">General</th><th scope="col">Reserved</th><th scope="col">Total</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12,357,374</td><td style="text-align:right">72.14</td><td style="text-align:right">234</td><td style="text-align:right">39</td><td style="text-align:right">273</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F6F600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,199,727</td><td style="text-align:right">7.00</td><td style="text-align:right">34</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td><td style="text-align:right">40</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#992d46"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Workers Party of Bangladesh">Workers Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">359,620</td><td style="text-align:right">2.10</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">7</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">203,799</td><td style="text-align:right">1.19</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#40E0D0"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Tarikat_Federation" title="Bangladesh Tarikat Federation">Bangladesh Tarikat Federation</a></td><td style="text-align:right">177,449</td><td style="text-align:right">1.04</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CCCC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Manju)" title="Jatiya Party (Manju)">Jatiya Party (Manju)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">124,389</td><td style="text-align:right">0.73</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#044476"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Front" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Front">Bangladesh Nationalist Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">107,990</td><td style="text-align:right">0.63</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party">Bangladesh National Awami Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,120</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#41B0A8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Khelafat_Majlish" class="mw-redirect" title="Khelafat Majlish">Khelafat Majlish</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,725</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#64a470"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gano_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Gano Front">Gano Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,717</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FEF189"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Front" title="Bangladesh Islami Front">Bangladesh Islami Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,585</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6a9a62"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ganatantri_Party" title="Ganatantri Party">Ganatantri Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,031</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">2,579,324</td><td style="text-align:right">15.06</td><td style="text-align:right">16</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">19</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">17,129,850</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">50</td><td style="text-align:right">350</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="7" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>17,129,850</td><td>98.49</td><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>263,037</td><td>1.51</td><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>17,392,887</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>43,943,184</td><td>39.58</td><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="7" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/current-mp-s/list-of-10th-parliament-members-english">Parliament</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecs.gov.bd/files/PjkqznV62UnbChDNA47y6iZovaHngtTnP6doAfwz.pdf">Election Commission</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2023_E.htm">IPU</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2018_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2018 Bangladeshi general election">2018 Bangladeshi general election</a></div> <p>The 2018 general election held on 30 December 2018, voter turnout was 80%. <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> under the leadership of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> won their 4th term as the ruling party with 257 seats. The Jatiya Party became the main opposition party with only 22 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="8" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:11th_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/11th_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/360px-11th_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/11th_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/540px-11th_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/11th_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/720px-11th_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">%</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">General</th><th scope="col">Reserved</th><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006a4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">63,805,379</td><td style="text-align:right">74.96</td><td style="text-align:right">257</td><td style="text-align:right">43</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">+27</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0087DC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">9,985,202</td><td style="text-align:right">11.73</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">7</td><td style="text-align:right">+7</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F6F600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,443,351</td><td style="text-align:right">5.22</td><td style="text-align:right">24</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">28</td><td style="text-align:right">–12</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C7EA00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Islami_Andolan_Bangladesh" title="Islami Andolan Bangladesh">Islami Andolan Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,255,373</td><td style="text-align:right">1.47</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#992d46"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Workers Party of Bangladesh">Workers Party of Bangladesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">646,064</td><td style="text-align:right">0.76</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">–4</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">610,044</td><td style="text-align:right">0.72</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">–4</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#000064"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bikalpa_Dhara_Bangladesh" title="Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh">Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">565,940</td><td style="text-align:right">0.66</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">+2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#47C187"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gano_Forum" title="Gano Forum">Gano Forum</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">501,737</td><td style="text-align:right">0.59</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">+2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#40E0D0"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Tarikat_Federation" title="Bangladesh Tarikat Federation">Bangladesh Tarikat Federation</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>viii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">429,955</td><td style="text-align:right">0.51</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:green"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ix<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">218,009</td><td style="text-align:right">0.26</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CCCC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Manju)" title="Jatiya Party (Manju)">Jatiya Party (Manju)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">182,611</td><td style="text-align:right">0.21</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D35DA5"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal_(Rab)" title="Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)">Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>x<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">155,986</td><td style="text-align:right">0.18</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#B58C33"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Krishak_Sramik_Janata_League" title="Krishak Sramik Janata League">Krishak Sramik Janata League</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">144,115</td><td style="text-align:right">0.17</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#41B0A8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Khelafat_Majlish" class="mw-redirect" title="Khelafat Majlish">Khelafat Majlish</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">117,110</td><td style="text-align:right">0.14</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#089B4B"></td><td>Zaker Party</td><td style="text-align:right">109,440</td><td style="text-align:right">0.13</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FEF189"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Front" title="Bangladesh Islami Front">Bangladesh Islami Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">60,372</td><td style="text-align:right">0.07</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E91621"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh">Communist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">55,421</td><td style="text-align:right">0.07</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#2e3192"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Bangladesh)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh)">Liberal Democratic Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xiii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">54,031</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E02640"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Kalyan_Party" title="Bangladesh Kalyan Party">Bangladesh Kallyan Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xiv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">44,436</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C1C100"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jatiya_Party" title="Bangladesh Jatiya Party">Bangladesh Jatiya Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">38,750</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>National People's Party</td><td style="text-align:right">36,611</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8F674E"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_Bangladesh" title="Islamic Front Bangladesh">Islamic Front Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">31,468</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:Black"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh">Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xvi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">18,043</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E00024"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Socialist Party of Bangladesh">Socialist Party of Bangladesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">17,591</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7DE8E8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Muslim_League" title="Bangladesh Muslim League">Bangladesh Muslim League</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xvii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">15,116</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#044476"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Front" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Front">Bangladesh Nationalist Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">13,289</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6AD900"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Islami_Oikya_Jote" title="Islami Oikya Jote">Islami Oikya Jote</a></td><td style="text-align:right">11,328</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#99E600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khilafat_Andolan" title="Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan">Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9,796</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party">Bangladesh National Awami Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8,367</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#A7452E"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_(Bangladesh)" title="Progressive Democratic Party (Bangladesh)">Progressive Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6,113</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Gano_Front" title="Jatiya Gano Front">Gano Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,277</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9e252a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Awami_Party-Bangladesh_NAP" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Awami Party-Bangladesh NAP">Bangladesh National Awami Party-Bangladesh NAP</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,176</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C1A100"></td><td>Bangladesh Jatiya Party (Mukit)</td><td style="text-align:right">4,606</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:black"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Ganotantrik_Party" title="Jatiya Ganotantrik Party">Jatiya Ganotantrik Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,798</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#41B0A8"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khelafat_Majlish" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish">Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,899</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6a9a62"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ganatantri_Party" title="Ganatantri Party">Ganatantri Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,641</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bangladesh Cultural Liberation Front (Muktijote)</td><td style="text-align:right">1,219</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FB6F76"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_(Barua)" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Barua)">Communist Party of Bangladesh (M-L)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">387</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D0F7F7"></td><td>Bangladesh Muslim League-BML</td><td style="text-align:right">228</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">1,498,152</td><td style="text-align:right">1.76</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">–15</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">85,114,431</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">300</td><td style="text-align:right">50</td><td style="text-align:right">350</td><td style="text-align:right">38</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="8" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>104,142,381</td><td>80.20</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="8" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecs.gov.bd/bec/public/files/1/11th%20nation_result_1_100.xlsx">ECS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecs.gov.bd/bec/public/files/1/national_election%20101-199.xlsx">ECS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecs.gov.bd/bec/public/files/1/national_199_300.xlsx">ECS</a>,<br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/news/awami-league-led-alliance-components-workers-party-jsd-bdb-vie-js-polls-boat-symbol-1670461">Daily Star</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/public/trade/16-awami-league-allied-candidates-get-boat-symbol-1544173880">Financial Express</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2018/12/09/manju-to-contest-polls-with-bicycle-symbol">Dhaka Tribune</a>,<br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/hat-trick-for-prime-minister-sheikh-hasina-bangladesh-election-2018-1681000">Daily Star</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/bangladesh-re-election-3-centres-brahmanbaria-2-constituency-going-peacefully-1685053">Daily Star</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/bn/mps-bangla/members-of-parliament-bangla/current-mps-bangla/list-of-11th-parliament-members-english">parliament.gov.bd</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2484/">IFES</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://bdnews24.com/politics/2019/02/08/aroma-suborna-to-become-mp-as-awami-league-names-41-for-reserved-seats">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_governance">Local governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Local governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Bangladesh" title="Local government in Bangladesh">Local government in Bangladesh</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nepotism_and_dynastic_politics">Nepotism and dynastic politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nepotism and dynastic politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina"><img alt="Sheikh Hasina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sheikh_Hasina_in_London_cropped.jpg/140px-Sheikh_Hasina_in_London_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sheikh_Hasina_in_London_cropped.jpg/210px-Sheikh_Hasina_in_London_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sheikh_Hasina_in_London_cropped.jpg/280px-Sheikh_Hasina_in_London_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="424" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia"><img alt="Khaleda Zia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Khaleda_Zia_former_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh_cropped.jpg/140px-Khaleda_Zia_former_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Khaleda_Zia_former_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh_cropped.jpg/210px-Khaleda_Zia_former_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Khaleda_Zia_former_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh_cropped.jpg/280px-Khaleda_Zia_former_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1255" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Popularly known as the "Battling Begums";<sup id="cite_ref-auto_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two women have ruled Bangladesh as prime ministers at various times since 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Economist_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastic politics">Political dynasties</a> are a common occurrence in East Asia, and have been prevalent in Bangladesh since it gained independence.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A political dynasty usually refers to a party or any political body run by a single family, with long-established economic or political dominance passed down or inherited. <sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influence of political dynasties often spills over to the general public sphere<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>and prevalence of this phenomenon has the potential to discourage civil society organizations from taking part in politics <sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several suggested explanations for the prevalence and success of dynastic politics. </p> <ol><li>The name becomes synonymous with success and leadership, while connections and <a href="/wiki/Political_capital" title="Political capital">political capital</a>.</li> <li>Leaders who are connected in collective memory to momentous events are perceived as possessing positive characters such as courage and assertiveness, that can be passed onto the next generation.</li> <li>The above explanation can be applied to parties themselves - party members tend to support candidates that are related to previously successful ones, due to the perception of inherited traits.</li> <li>A tendency for traditionalism, especially in societies where family relations and kinship are central to the culture.</li> <li>Poorer constituencies tend to gravitate towards wealthier, more well-educated politicians, that represent leadership skills as they perceive them.</li></ol> <p>Two major political dynasties, one led by former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a>, the widow of former military ruler <a href="/wiki/Ziaur_Rahman" title="Ziaur Rahman">Ziaur Rahman</a>, who has led the BNP since 1981, and her son Tarique Rahman, alongside the prime minister <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a>, who has led the AL since 1981, are known for their rivalry.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, increased awareness of the adverse effects of this political system has caused some shift in public perception.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_issues">Political issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Bangladesh" title="Democracy in Bangladesh">Democracy in Bangladesh</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption">Corruption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Corruption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Bangladesh" title="Corruption in Bangladesh">Corruption in Bangladesh</a></div> <p>Bangladesh has seen political corruption for decades. According to all major ranking institutions, Bangladesh routinely finds itself among the most corrupt countries in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-anticorruptionportal_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anticorruptionportal-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Social issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social issues in Bangladesh range from liberal inceptions such as women's rights, religious liberty, religious freedom, modernity, industrialization to religious issues such as blasphemy laws, sharia legal system, religious conservatism and state religion. The two main parties, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and the Awami League, both have contested against each other since the millennium over these issues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background,_Independence_movement_and_Provisional_Government"><span id="Background.2C_Independence_movement_and_Provisional_Government"></span>Background, Independence movement and Provisional Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Background, Independence movement and Provisional Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">History of Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh">Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Provisional_Government_of_BD_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Provisional_Government_of_BD_%282%29.jpg/220px-Provisional_Government_of_BD_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Provisional_Government_of_BD_%282%29.jpg/330px-Provisional_Government_of_BD_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Provisional_Government_of_BD_%282%29.jpg/440px-Provisional_Government_of_BD_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1868" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption>Sculpture of Cabinet members of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Provisional Government of Bangladesh">Provisional Government of Bangladesh</a>; popularly known as Mujibnagar Government</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> conquest of <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> on <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">23 June 1757</a> and the overthrowing and execution of <a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a> <a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a>, considered as the last independent ruler of the region before regaining independence 200 years later, the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a> was divided in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> in the year <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">1947</a>, as <a href="/wiki/East_Bengal" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> mainly on religious grounds. East Bengal allied itself with the newly formed Muslim state of Pakistan and became known as <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>. However the relations between <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistan</a> and East Pakistan were politically strained due to various issues of inequality, language, culture and a large distance of over 2,000 kilometres between the two states separated by the foreign lands of India. The central power remained confined in West Pakistan, thus demand for total independent rule of East Pakistan begun. Following the <a href="/wiki/Six_point_movement" title="Six point movement">Six point movement</a> in 1966, led by <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a>, the East Pakistan independence movement gained momentum.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 December 1969, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman stated after independence East Pakistan will be renamed Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation escalated after the 1970 elections and the <a href="/wiki/7_March_Speech_of_Bangabandhu" class="mw-redirect" title="7 March Speech of Bangabandhu">7 March 1971 speech</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a>. After a brutal Pakistani army crackdown on the local people of Bangladesh on 25 March 1971 carried out under orders of Pakistan President <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a>, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the Chief of Awami League and the leader of the liberation movement declared independence on 26 March 1971, which was broadcast from Chittagong radio station on 27 March, first by the then Awami League Secretary of Chittagong Mr Abdul Hannan and other Awami League leaders and then by Major Ziaur Rahman on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in the evening of 27 March, thus starting the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>. Captain Rafiq BU Commanding Officer of Chittagong East Pakistan Rifles revolted first and subsequently other commanding officers at different places: Major Shafiullah, Major Khaled Musharraf and Major <a href="/wiki/Ziaur_Rahman" title="Ziaur Rahman">Ziaur Rahman</a> revolted with their forces. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested by the Pakistan Army in early hours of 26 March, immediately after he declared independence and was taken to West Pakistan, where he remained in jail until early January 1972. </p><p>Bangladesh's first government formed on 10 April 1971 and took the oath of office in Meherpur, <a href="/wiki/Kushtia" title="Kushtia">Kushtia</a> on 17 April 1971. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was elected as the first president of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh, Syed Nazrul Islam was elected as the vice president, and <a href="/wiki/Tajuddin_Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajuddin Ahmed">Tajuddin Ahmed</a> was elected as the first prime minister. Other major cabinet members were Mr Kamruzzaman, Mr Monsur Ali and Khodokar Mustaq Ahmed, all senior Awami League leaders. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman by virtue of his position as the president of Bangladesh became the Supreme Commander of the Liberation Army, while Colonel M.A.G. Osmani was appointed by the provisional government as the Commander-in- Chief of the liberation army. Subsequently, the provisional government formed its secretariat and designated top bureaucrats as chiefs of the divisions of the Secretariat. The Provisional Government later divided Bangladesh into eleven Sectors for conducting war efficiently and in an organized manner. This Government became the first legal political entity on behalf of the fighting people of Bangladesh and represented the people in the international arena. Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed started intergovernmental dialogue with the Indian Government immediately after the formation of the Provisional Government. Bangladesh achieved victory in the liberation war on 16 December 1971. </p><p>As this government was formed during the war of independence from Pakistan, its significance holds a distinction. Its temporary headquarters had been set up at 8 Theatre Road in Calcutta, India.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Parliamentary_Era">First Parliamentary Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: First Parliamentary Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1972–1975:_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman"><span id="1972.E2.80.931975:_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman"></span>1972–1975: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1972–1975: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mujib_and_Ford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mujib_and_Ford.jpg/250px-Mujib_and_Ford.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mujib_and_Ford.jpg/375px-Mujib_and_Ford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mujib_and_Ford.jpg/500px-Mujib_and_Ford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>The Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> in 1974</figcaption></figure> <p>On 8 January 1972, the leader of the Liberation War and Liberation movement Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was released from Pakistan Jail and was sent to London. On Mujib's arrival in London, he was met by the Prime Minister of UK and other world leaders. Sheikh Mujib returned to Bangladesh on 10 January 1972, by a British Royal Air Force Aircraft. Mujib congratulated the Bengali Mukti Bahini (the Bangladesh Liberation Force) for succeeding in the war of liberation against Pakistan army. Mujib was placed at the helm of government, according to the election victory under the unified Pakistan government. In 1973, after the first Bangladesh elections, he continued his term in office with immense backing from India, and public popularity, but had great difficulty transforming this popular support into the political strength needed to function as head of government. The new constitution, which came into force on 16 December 1972, created a strong executive prime minister, a largely ceremonial presidency, an independent judiciary, and a unicameral legislature on a modified Westminster model. The 1972 constitution adopted as state policy the <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a>'s (AL) four basic principles of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>. A key author of the constitution of Bangladesh was Dr <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Hossain" title="Kamal Hossain">Kamal Hossain</a>, who has since been a major political figure of the country. </p><p>The first parliamentary elections held under the 1972 constitution were in March 1973, with the Awami League winning a massive majority, winning a historic 293 out of a total of 300 seats. No other political party in Bangladesh's early years was able to duplicate or challenge the League's broad-based appeal, membership, or organizational strength. Mujib and his cabinet having no experience in governance nor administration, relied heavily on experienced civil servants and political factions of the Awami League, the new Bangladesh Government focused on relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction of the economy and society. Mujib nationalised the entire economy, banking and industrial sector. Economic conditions took a serious downturn. On top of that heavy corruption among his own party members, factions and senior leadership also added to the devastation and famine. The then U.S. Secretary of State had termed Bangladesh a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottomless_Basket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottomless Basket (page does not exist)">Bottomless Basket</a>. Amid mass corruption and famine throughout <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_famine_of_1974" title="Bangladesh famine of 1974">1974</a>, in December 1974, Mujib decided that continuing economic deterioration and mounting <a href="/wiki/Civil_disorder" title="Civil disorder">civil disorder</a> required strong measures. After proclaiming a state of emergency, Mujib used his parliamentary majority to win a constitutional amendment limiting the powers of the legislative and judicial branches, establishing an executive presidency, and instituting a one-party system, the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Krishak_Sramik_Awami_League" title="Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League">Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League</a> (BAKSAL), which all members of Parliament were obliged to join. </p><p>Despite promises, no sign of improvement in the economic situation surfaced. Implementation of promised political reforms was almost nil, and criticism of government policies became increasingly centered on Mujib. Serious disorientation in the armed services, disenchantment in society, deterioration of law and order created a huge mistrust of Mujib and his government including the Awami League itself. The then chief of army staff <a href="/wiki/K_M_Shafiullah" class="mw-redirect" title="K M Shafiullah">K M Shafiullah</a> and chief of air staff <a href="/wiki/A.K._Khandker" class="mw-redirect" title="A.K. Khandker">A.K. Khandker</a> stood stunned and idle during this situation. On 15 August 1975, Mujib, and most of his family, were <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">assassinated</a> by a small group of mid-level army officers. Mujib's daughters, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> and Sheikh Rehana, happened to be out of the country. A new government, headed by former Mujib associate <a href="/wiki/Khondaker_Mostaq_Ahmad" title="Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad">Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad</a>, was formed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_Era">Military Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Military Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="August–November_1975:_Khondaker_Mostaq_Ahmad"><span id="August.E2.80.93November_1975:_Khondaker_Mostaq_Ahmad"></span>August–November 1975: Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: August–November 1975: Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mujib's senior cabinet minister Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad formed a new government and immediately initiated a few critical changes in Mujib's policies and rules of business in government. The notorious <a href="/wiki/Jail_Killing_Day" title="Jail Killing Day">Jail Killings</a> happened during this period, amidst the confusion in which Bangladesh was plunged on 3 November. On the same day, Brig General <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mosharraf" title="Khaled Mosharraf">Khaled Mosharraf</a> launched his own coup fundamentally as a move to restore the chain of command broken in the army Musharraf moved swiftly to remove Moshtaque Ahmad from office. On 7 November Khaled Musharaf was killed in a counter coup engineered by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Abu_Taher" title="Abu Taher">Abu Taher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1975–1981:_Ziaur_Rahman"><span id="1975.E2.80.931981:_Ziaur_Rahman"></span>1975–1981: Ziaur Rahman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1975–1981: Ziaur Rahman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ziaur_Rahman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ziaur_Rahman.jpg/220px-Ziaur_Rahman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ziaur_Rahman.jpg/330px-Ziaur_Rahman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ziaur_Rahman.jpg/440px-Ziaur_Rahman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>Ziaur Rahman delivering a speech at a public conference in 1979</figcaption></figure> <p>Following Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad's removal and assassination of Brigadier General Khaled Musharaf by a segment of army personnel in 1975, a very short lived revolution resulted in the emergence of arrested deputy Army Chief of Staff Major General <a href="/wiki/Ziaur_Rahman" title="Ziaur Rahman">Ziaur Rahman</a> ("Zia"), who managed to take the lead and bring the whole nation out of a political quagmire. His first action was to communicate to the people through radio and television and bring order and calm to the nation. He pledged full support to the civilian government headed by President Chief Justice Sayem. Acting at Zia's behest, Sayem dissolved Parliament, and instituted state of emergency under <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>. Zia brought an end to the turbulence within the army. In 1976, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Abu_Taher" title="Abu Taher">Abu Taher</a> was tried for treason and executed. Fresh elections were to be in 1977 under a multi party democracy with full freedom of the press.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acting behind the scenes of the Martial Law Administration (MLA), Zia sought to invigorate government policy and administration. Lifting the ban on political parties from Mujib's one party <a href="/wiki/BAKSAL" class="mw-redirect" title="BAKSAL">BAKSAL</a> rule, he sought to revitalize the demoralized bureaucracy, to begin new economic development programs, infrastructure buildup, a free press and to emphasize family planning. In November 1976, Zia became <a href="/wiki/Chief_Martial_Law_Administrator" title="Chief Martial Law Administrator">Chief Martial Law Administrator</a> (CMLA) and assumed the presidency upon Sayem's retirement 5 months later, on 21 April 1977. </p><p>As President, Zia announced a 19-point program of economic reform and began dismantling the MLA. Keeping his promise to hold elections, Zia won a 5-year term in the June 1978 elections, with 76% of the vote. In November 1978, his government removed the remaining restrictions on political party activities in time for parliamentary elections in February 1979. These elections, which were contested by more than 30 parties, marked the culmination of Zia's transformation of Bangladesh's Government from the MLA to a democratically elected, constitutional one. The <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> (BNP), founded by Zia, emerged as the two major parties. The constitution was again amended to provide for an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Executive_prime_minister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Executive prime minister (page does not exist)">executive prime minister</a> appointed by the president, and responsible to a parliamentary majority. Zia invigorated a strong foreign policy based on sovereignty and economic independence. He initiated many social programs to uplift the poor through honest hard work and education. During this period, Bangladesh's economy achieved fast economic and industrial growth. His greatest legacy on the people of Bangladesh was unity and self-dependence. </p><p>In May 1981, Zia was assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a> by dissident elements of the military. There was no coup or uprising attempted, and the major conspirators were never taken into custody or killed. In accordance with the constitution, Vice President Justice <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Sattar_(president)" title="Abdus Sattar (president)">Abdus Sattar</a> was sworn in as acting president. He immediately set out to continue Zia's policies and called for fresh elections. Due to President Zia's tremendous popularity Satter won as the BNP's candidate. President Sattar sought to follow the policies of his predecessor and retained essentially the same cabinet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1982–1990:_Hussain_Mohammed_Ershad"><span id="1982.E2.80.931990:_Hussain_Mohammed_Ershad"></span>1982–1990: Hussain Mohammed Ershad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1982–1990: Hussain Mohammed Ershad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad.jpg/220px-Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad.jpg/330px-Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad.jpg/440px-Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>President HM Ershad in <a href="/wiki/Bangabhaban" title="Bangabhaban">Bangabhaban</a> (1986)</figcaption></figure> <p>Army Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Mohammed_Ershad" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussain Mohammed Ershad">Hussain Mohammed Ershad</a> assumed power in the a full-fledged but bloodless coup on 24 March 1982. He removed the country's democratically elected president and suspended the constitution and declared martial law. He cited pervasive corruption, ineffectual government, and economic mismanagement for legitimising his action. The following year, Ershad assumed the presidency on 11 December 1983, retaining his positions as army chief and CMLA, for the first time in Bangladesh. During most of 1984, Ershad sought the opposition parties' participation in local elections under martial law. The opposition's refusal to participate, however, forced Ershad to abandon these plans. Ershad was capable of managing the Awami League through financial and political support. The Awami League's support gave him the strength and legitimacy to seek public support for his regime in a national referendum on his leadership in March 1985. He won overwhelmingly, although turnout was small. Two months later, Ershad held elections for local council chairmen. Pro-government candidates won a majority of the posts, setting in motion the President's ambitious decentralization program that Ziaur Rahman had initiated. Political life was finally liberalized in early 1986, and additional political rights, including the right to hold large public rallies, were restored. Additional support from Jamaati Islami at the same time gave Ershad's political vehicle for the transition from martial law some form of legitimacy and the political order of Ershad and his <a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a> was established. </p><p>Despite a <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> by the BNP, led <a href="/wiki/Begum_Khaleda_Zia" class="mw-redirect" title="Begum Khaleda Zia">Begum Khaleda Zia</a>, parliamentary elections were held on schedule on 7 May 1986. The Jatiya Party won a modest majority of the 300 elected seats in the national assembly. The participation of the Awami League led by party chairman <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina_Wazed" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Hasina Wazed">Sheikh Hasina Wazed</a>—lent the elections some credibility, despite widespread charges of voting irregularities and ballot box theft. </p><p>Ershad resigned as Army Chief of Staff and retired from military service in preparation for the presidential elections, scheduled for October 1986. Protesting that martial law was still in effect, the BNP refused to put up opposing candidates. The Awami League participated by breaking their open public promise. Ershad easily outdistanced the remaining candidates, taking 84% of the vote. Although Ershad's government claimed a turnout of more than 50%, opposition leaders of BNP, and much of the foreign press, estimated a far lower percentage and alleged voting irregularities. </p><p>Ershad continued his stated commitment to lift martial law. In November 1986, his government mustered the necessary two-thirds majority in the national assembly to amend the constitution and confirm the previous actions of the martial law regime. The President then lifted martial law, and the opposition party Awami League of Hasina Wazed took their elected seats in the national assembly. </p><p>In July 1987, however, after the government hastily pushed through a controversial legislative bill to include military representation on local administrative councils. Passage of the bill helped spark an opposition movement by Bangladesh Nationalist Party that quickly gathered momentum. The Awami League and Jamaat Islami. understanding their political gamble, gradually united with Bangladesh Nationalist Party for the first time. The government began to arrest scores of opposition activists under the country's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_Powers_Act_(Bangladesh)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special Powers Act (Bangladesh) (page does not exist)">Special Powers Act</a> of 1974. Despite these arrests, opposition parties continued to organize protest marches and nationwide strikes. After declaring a state of emergency, Ershad dissolved Parliament and scheduled fresh elections for March 1988. </p><p>All major opposition parties refused government overtures to participate in these polls, maintaining that the government was illegal and incapable of holding free and fair elections. Despite the opposition <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a>, the government proceeded. The ruling Jatiya Party won 251 of the 300 seats. The Parliament, while still regarded by the opposition as an illegitimate body, held its sessions as scheduled, and passed numerous bills. </p><p>By 1989, the domestic political situation in the country seemed to have quieted. The local council elections were generally considered by international observers to have been less violent and more free and fair than previous elections. However, opposition to Ershad's rule began to regain momentum, escalating by the end of 1990 in frequent <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strikes</a>, increased student's campus protests, public rallies, and a general disintegration of law and order. This was popularly termed the <a href="/wiki/1990_Mass_Uprising_in_Bangladesh" title="1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh">1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh</a>. </p><p>On 6 December 1990, after 2 months of widespread civil unrest, Ershad offered his resignation. On 27 February 1991, an interim government oversaw what most observers widely believed to be the nation's most free and fair elections to date. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_Parliamentary_Era">Current Parliamentary Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Current Parliamentary Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1991–1996:_Khaleda_Zia"><span id="1991.E2.80.931996:_Khaleda_Zia"></span>1991–1996: Khaleda Zia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1991–1996: Khaleda Zia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_Khaleda_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="First Khaleda Cabinet">First Khaleda Cabinet</a></div> <p>The center-right BNP won a plurality of seats in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="1991 Bangladeshi general election">1991 Bangladesh General Election</a> and formed a coalition government with the Islamic party <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh">Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a>, widow of Ziaur Rahman, obtaining the post of prime minister. Only four parties had more than 10 members elected to the 1991 Parliament: The Bangladesh Nationalist Party, led by Prime Minister Khaleda Zia; the Awami League, led by <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a>; the Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), led by <a href="/wiki/Golam_Azam" class="mw-redirect" title="Golam Azam">Golam Azam</a>; and the Jatiya Party (JP), led by acting chairman <a href="/wiki/Mizanur_Rahman_Chowdhury" title="Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury">Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury</a> while its founder, former President Ershad, served out a prison sentence on corruption charges. The electorate approved still more changes to the constitution, formally re-creating a parliamentary system and returning governing power to the office of the prime minister, as in Bangladesh's original 1972 constitution. In October 1991, members of Parliament elected a new head of state, President <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Biswas" title="Abdur Rahman Biswas">Abdur Rahman Biswas</a>. </p><p>In March 1994, controversy over a parliamentary by-election, which the opposition claimed the government had rigged, led to an indefinite <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> of Parliament by the entire opposition. The opposition also began a program of repeated general strikes to press its demand that Khaleda Zia's government resign and a caretaker government supervise a general election. Efforts to mediate the dispute, under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat" title="Commonwealth Secretariat">Commonwealth Secretariat</a>, failed. After another attempt at a negotiated settlement failed narrowly in late December 1994, the opposition resigned en masse from Parliament. The opposition then continued a campaign of Marches, demonstrations, and <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strikes</a> in an effort to force the government to resign. The year 1995 observed nearly 200 days of general strikes disrupting the countries normal activities. The opposition, including the Awami League's Sheikh Hasina, pledged to boycott national elections scheduled for 15 February 1996. </p><p>In February, Khaleda Zia was re-elected for the second term by a landslide in voting boycotted and denounced as unfair by the three main opposition parties. In March 1996, following escalating political turmoil, the sitting Parliament enacted a constitutional amendment to allow a neutral caretaker government to assume power conduct new parliamentary elections; former Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Habibur_Rahman" title="Muhammad Habibur Rahman">Muhammad Habibur Rahman</a> was named <a href="/wiki/Chief_Advisor_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Advisor of Bangladesh">Chief Advisor</a> (a position equivalent to prime minister) in the interim government. New parliamentary elections were held in June 1996, and were won by the Awami League; party leader Sheikh Hasina became prime minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1996–2001:_Sheikh_Hasina"><span id="1996.E2.80.932001:_Sheikh_Hasina"></span>1996–2001: Sheikh Hasina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1996–2001: Sheikh Hasina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Hasina_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Hasina I">Cabinet Hasina I</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_001017-D-9880W-025.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Defense.gov_News_Photo_001017-D-9880W-025.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_001017-D-9880W-025.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Defense.gov_News_Photo_001017-D-9880W-025.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_001017-D-9880W-025.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Defense.gov_News_Photo_001017-D-9880W-025.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_001017-D-9880W-025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2938" data-file-height="1878" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina inspects the ceremonial honour guard during a full honour arrival ceremony at the Pentagon on 17 October 2000.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sheikh Hasina formed what she called a "Government of National Consensus" in June 1996, which included one minister from the Jatiya Party and another from the <a href="/wiki/Jatiyo_Samajtantrik_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal">Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal</a>, a very small leftist party. The Jatiya Party never entered into a formal coalition arrangement, and party president H.M. Ershad withdrew his support from the government in September 1997. Only three parties had more than 10 members elected to the 1996 Parliament: The Awami League, BNP, and Jatiya Party. Jatiya Party president, Ershad, was released from prison on bail in January 1997. </p><p>BNP staged a walkout from parliament in August 1997. The BNP returned to Parliament under another agreement in March 1998. In June 1999, the BNP and other opposition parties again began to abstain from attending Parliament. Opposition parties have staged an increasing number of nationwide <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strikes</a>, rising from 6 days of general strikes in 1997 to 27 days in 1999. A four-party opposition alliance formed at the beginning of 1999 announced that it would boycott parliamentary by-elections and local government elections unless the government took steps demanded by the opposition to ensure electoral fairness. The government did not take these steps, and the opposition has subsequently boycotted all elections, including municipal council elections in February 1999, several parliamentary by-elections, and the Chittagong city corporation elections in January 2000. The opposition demands that the Awami League government step down immediately to make way for a caretaker government to preside over parliamentary and local government. In March 2000, US President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> became the first US president to visit Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasina later stated that during the visit Clinton wanted to import gas from the Country, but she had to decline due to fear of scarcity of gas and for the welfare of the people as they were heavily dependent on gas.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2001–2006:_Khaleda_Zia"><span id="2001.E2.80.932006:_Khaleda_Zia"></span>2001–2006: Khaleda Zia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2001–2006: Khaleda Zia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Second_Khaleda_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Khaleda Cabinet">Second Khaleda Cabinet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LulaZia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LulaZia.jpg/220px-LulaZia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LulaZia.jpg/330px-LulaZia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LulaZia.jpg/440px-LulaZia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1073" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister Khaleda Zia with the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lula_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva</a> (2004)</figcaption></figure> <p>A Khaleda-led four-party alliance won two-thirds of total parliamentary seats with a total 193 seats, while Awami League won 62 seats. Thus Khaleda Zia won a second term as prime minister in 2001. Her coalition included several Islamist parties. The Awami League walked out from the Parliament in June 2003 to protest derogatory remarks about Sheikh Hasina by a State Minister and the allegedly partisan role of the Parliamentary Speaker. Throughout the year 2004 the opposition party Awami League carried out various processions pressing various demands and claiming government incompetence on various issues. In June 2004, the Awami League returned to Parliament without having any of their demands met. </p><p>On 21 August 2004, a group of terrorists conducted <a href="/wiki/2004_Dhaka_grenade_attack" title="2004 Dhaka grenade attack">vicious grenade attacks</a> on a rally held by the opposition party Awami League including leader <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a>. Prominent leaders including <a href="/wiki/Ivy_Rahman" title="Ivy Rahman">Ivy Rahman</a> were killed in the attack, and Hasina herself sustained injuries to her ears. A total of 13 grenades were blasted and 24 people killed. The Awami League called for a nationwide hartal (general strikes) on 23 and 24 August 2004 following the incident. Begum Khaleda Zia, then Prime Minister of Bangladesh condemned the attacks, and also vowed a strong probe to catch the culprits. But no charge sheet was provided by the investigating departments. Only after the current government tenure ended a neutral probe formed and charge sheet was provided includes terrorist Mufti Hannan. Later, during Awami League tenure another probe formed and alleged that <a href="/wiki/Tarique_Rahman" title="Tarique Rahman">Tarique Rahman</a> son of Prime Minister Khaleda Zia along with the then Home Minister Lutfuzzaman Babar had masterminded the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But BNP has denied the allegations. </p><p>In 2005, Awami League attended Parliament irregularly before announcing a boycott of the entire June 2005 budget session.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BNP government tenure expired in October 2006, and was followed by a period of widespread political crisis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2006–2008:_Caretaker_government:_Fakhruddin_Ahmed"><span id="2006.E2.80.932008:_Caretaker_government:_Fakhruddin_Ahmed"></span>2006–2008: Caretaker government: Fakhruddin Ahmed</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2006–2008: Caretaker government: Fakhruddin Ahmed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%932008_Bangladeshi_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis">2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamid_Karzai,_Pervez_Musharraf,_Fakhruddin_Ahmed_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hamid_Karzai%2C_Pervez_Musharraf%2C_Fakhruddin_Ahmed_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/220px-Hamid_Karzai%2C_Pervez_Musharraf%2C_Fakhruddin_Ahmed_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hamid_Karzai%2C_Pervez_Musharraf%2C_Fakhruddin_Ahmed_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/330px-Hamid_Karzai%2C_Pervez_Musharraf%2C_Fakhruddin_Ahmed_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hamid_Karzai%2C_Pervez_Musharraf%2C_Fakhruddin_Ahmed_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/440px-Hamid_Karzai%2C_Pervez_Musharraf%2C_Fakhruddin_Ahmed_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fakhruddin_Ahmed" title="Fakhruddin Ahmed">Fakhruddin Ahmed</a> at the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the end of Khaleda Zia's government in late October 2006, there were protests and strikes over uncertainty about who would head the caretaker government (which was accused of BNP bias), held by Awami League, paralyzing the country and resulting in the death of at least 40 people in the following month in November 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An election was scheduled for the beginning of 2007, however it did not take place. Given the parties' failure to agree on a candidate For Chief Advisor, according to the constitution the position devolved to the President, <a href="/wiki/Iajuddin_Ahmed" title="Iajuddin Ahmed">Iajuddin Ahmed</a>, serving since 2002. He took it on in addition to his regular responsibilities, which under the caretaker government included the Defense Ministry. Iajuddin Ahmed formed a government, appointing ten advisors to a council to act as ministers. He appointed his press spokesman, the journalist-editor turned politician <a href="/wiki/Mukhlesur_Rahman_Chowdhury" title="Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury">M Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury</a>, as his chief Presidential Advisor, with the status of Minister of State. Chowdhury had the responsibility to negotiate with the political parties to bring them to participation in the election.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In January 2007, <a href="/wiki/Iajuddin_Ahmed" title="Iajuddin Ahmed">Iajuddin Ahmed</a> stepped down as the head of the caretaker government, under pressure from the military.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fakhruddin_Ahmed" title="Fakhruddin Ahmed">Fakhruddin Ahmed</a>, former <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> economist, was selected to replace him and with the commitment to rooting out corruption and preparing a better voter list. Fakhruddin Ahmed became the Chief Advisor. A <a href="/wiki/State_of_Emergency" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Emergency">State of Emergency</a> was declared and a massive campaign to crack down on corruption was undertaken. By July 2007, some 200,000 people had been arrested under corruption charges. The government said it would hold elections before the end of 2008. </p><p>In April 2007, Ahmed's military backed administration attempted to reform the political parties by exiling Hasina and Zia, but this was never enforced. Hasina, who had been visiting her children in the US, was allowed to return but she had to face serious charges, including involvement in the assassination of four political rivals. In July, she was arrested after two businessmen testified that she had extorted <a href="/wiki/Taka" class="mw-redirect" title="Taka">৳</a>80 million (US$1.16 million) from them.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provoked angry protests from her supporters; even her bitter rival <a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a>, as well as six British MPs and MEPs, called for her release.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khaleda herself faced charges of tax evasion and was later arrested. <a href="/wiki/Tarique_Rahman" title="Tarique Rahman">Tarique Rahman</a> was taken to custody for the 2004 grenade attacks and various corruption charges including money laundering, and was later sent on forced exile on 11 September 2008 and since then has not been able to return to the country.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After holding power for almost two years, the political situation had finally calmed and Ahmed decided to return parliamentary democracy, testing the political situation with some local elections held on 4 August 2008, which were peaceful.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Hasina and Khaleda were finally released from prison and the General elections were held on 29 December 2008. The Awami League and its Grand Alliance won the elections with two-thirds of the seats in parliament. The BNP and its four-party alliance, including <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a>, comprised the major opposition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009–2024:_Sheikh_Hasina"><span id="2009.E2.80.932024:_Sheikh_Hasina"></span>2009–2024: Sheikh Hasina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2009–2024: Sheikh Hasina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Third_Sheikh_Hasina_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Sheikh Hasina Cabinet">Third Sheikh Hasina Cabinet</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Bangladeshi_talks_Moscow_2013-01-15_03.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russia-Bangladeshi_talks_Moscow_2013-01-15_03.jpeg/400px-Russia-Bangladeshi_talks_Moscow_2013-01-15_03.jpeg" decoding="async" width="400" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russia-Bangladeshi_talks_Moscow_2013-01-15_03.jpeg/600px-Russia-Bangladeshi_talks_Moscow_2013-01-15_03.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Russia-Bangladeshi_talks_Moscow_2013-01-15_03.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Sheikh Hasina with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in Moscow (2013)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Awami League</a> came to power by winning the vast majority of parliament seats in the election held on 29 December 2008, and <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> became the Prime Minister of Bangladesh for the second time. Her cabinet took oath on 6 January 2009. HM Ershad was promised to be made President in exchange for support for Awami League, but despite supporting Awami League, this promise was not fulfilled and <a href="/wiki/Zillur_Rahman" title="Zillur Rahman">Zillur Rahman</a> became president. The first two years under this government was peaceful, but a debatable issue took place when the Awami League government enforced an existing law to reclaim the house where Khaleda Zia had lived for nearly 40 years for a nominal cost. Khaleda Zia moved to the house of her brother Sayeed Iskandar at Gulshan. In protest BNP would abstain from parliament. This period also observed tremendous economic growth. </p><p>Controversy erupted in 2011 after Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina declared the abolition of the care-taker government system, contradicting her own motives and views in the mid-1990s when she had demanded that elections should be held under neutral care-taker governments. Hasina justified this by stating that a neutral care-taker government may abuse its power (referring to the care-taker government crisis in 2006–2008) and take unlawful and autocratic control of the country. At the same time, arrests and trials of members accused of war crimes of the political party Jamaat-e-Islami had begun. This caused major disagreements among the ruling Awami League with the chief opposition party BNP and its major ally Jamaat. In a bid to return to the 1972 Constitution, the government made several reforms to the constitution of Bangladesh in 2011, and readopted Secularism. In 2012, a coup attempt against Hasina by mid-ranking army officers was stopped, with Bangladesh army being tipped off by Indian intelligence agency. Also in 2012, Bangladesh won a legal battle against <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> under international court regarding disputed sea territories, giving Bangladesh a tremendous advantage on the oceanic areas.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period 2012-2014 was marked by widespread political unrest and violence in strikes and riots initiated by the opposition party. Petrol bombs were utilized for arson attacks. Members of both the ruling party and opposition party clashed throughout the whole nation resulting in injuries and deaths. Both the ruling party and the opposition received International criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scheduled date of the 10th general election was 5 January 2014. The opposition party received several pleas by the ruling party to abandon their path of violence and join the election, but they repeatedly declined. Despite the crisis the controversial 5 January 2014 election was held with mass boycott from BNP and its major allies. At least 21 people were killed on the 5 January election day violence.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Awami League had a landslide victory, and Sheikh Hasina was sworn in as prime minister for the third time on 9 January 2014, while Rowshan Ershad of the Jatiya Party became the new leader of the opposition, as Khaleda-led BNP boycotted the election. The ongoing BNP-Jamaat protests diluted after failing to stop the January 2014 election, and overthrow the ruling party, and by the end of March 2014, political stability was reached. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2014 Bangladeshi general election">tenth general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> won a controversial one-sided <a href="/wiki/Walkover" title="Walkover">walkover election</a> after her main rival <a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a> and all other opposition parties <a href="/wiki/Election_boycott" title="Election boycott">boycotted</a> the polls. Awami League once again took office on 9 January 2014. Over 100 people were killed in the 2016 Union Parishad Election in violent clashes between Awami League and BNP supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2017 Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina made a landmark visit to neighboring India and signed 22 new deals and MoUs with India taking the Indo-BD bilateral relationships to a new height. This also included a defense cooperation, originally proposed by India.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BNP harshly criticized the move with Khaleda alleging the ruling party was selling Bangladesh to India and pointing the Government's failure to make the long-awaited Teesta deal. Awami League dismissed the allegations, assuring that it was just a framework to strengthen regional ties with India. Also in 2017 Bangladesh was met with the <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_refugees_in_Bangladesh" title="Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh">2017 Rohingya Refugee Crisis</a>, in which the government received international praise for allowing over 700,000 Rohingya refugees fleeing violence in Myanmar (<a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">where around 20,000 of them were killed</a>) into the country but also some domestic criticisms due to this being an additional burden to Bangladesh a country already overpopulated with 17 crore (170 million) people and having a small land.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G7_members_and_Guest_Invitees_group_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/G7_members_and_Guest_Invitees_group_photo.jpg/220px-G7_members_and_Guest_Invitees_group_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/G7_members_and_Guest_Invitees_group_photo.jpg/330px-G7_members_and_Guest_Invitees_group_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/G7_members_and_Guest_Invitees_group_photo.jpg/440px-G7_members_and_Guest_Invitees_group_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Hasina with G7 Leaders and guests, Shima Kanko Hotel in Japan, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the post 2014 election period however saw political calm. Tensions between the BNP and Awami League reignited in 2018 after BNP once again started pressing demands for a neutral caretaker government to observe the 11th general election. BNP also criticized Awami League's rising dependency on law enforcement agencies such as the police force and for holding back people's freedom of speech.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 February 2018 Khaleda Zia and <a href="/wiki/Tarique_Rahman" title="Tarique Rahman">Tarique Rahman</a> as per court verdict, were jailed for 5 and 10 years respectively due to their involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Zia_Charitable_Trust_corruption_case" title="Zia Charitable Trust corruption case">Zia Charitable Trust corruption case</a>. While Tarique was on exile, Khaleda would be imprisoned on old Dhaka Central Jail located in Nazimuddin Road. BNP totally rejected the verdict, alleging that it was Awami League's conspiracy to destroy their party and to keep them out of the next general election. In protest BNP held nationwide demonstrations, which were foiled by the well prepared police force across the nation, with a large number of BNP members also being arrested during clashes with the police.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Khaleda Zia was jailed, BNP Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Fakhrul_Islam_Alamgir" title="Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir">Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir</a> and prominent leader <a href="/wiki/Ruhul_Kabir_Rizvi" title="Ruhul Kabir Rizvi">Ruhul Kabir Rizvi</a> oversaw most of the party's activities. After Khalada Zia's prison sentence was challenged at the <a href="/wiki/High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court">High Court</a>, it was increased to 10 years, potentially ending her political career.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time the government passed the controversial "Digital Security Act 2018", under which any criticisms of the government over the internet or any other media, would be met with various degrees of prison terms.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 September 2018, in a massive rally, the newly formed coalition party: Jatiya Oikya Prokriya (JOP), a platform led by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Hossain" title="Kamal Hossain">Kamal Hossain</a> and Prof. <a href="/wiki/Badruddoza_Chowdhury" class="mw-redirect" title="Badruddoza Chowdhury">Badruddoza Chowdhury</a>, allied themselves with the main opposition party <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">BNP</a>, on condition BNP will no longer be alliance with Jamaat, and vowed joint movements to restore democracy. The BNP-JOP alliance was named the <a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Oikya_Front" title="Jatiya Oikya Front">Jatiya Oikya Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Awami League General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Obaidul_Quader" title="Obaidul Quader">Obaidul Quader</a> called the opposing Jatiya Oikya Front, weak and stated that the opposing alliance was not being viewed as a credible threat by the Government.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 October 2018, court verdict against the <a href="/wiki/2004_Dhaka_grenade_attack" title="2004 Dhaka grenade attack">2004 grenade attack</a> was given. Top BNP leader Lutfuzzaman Babar was given the death penalty and Tariqe Rahman was given life term imprisonment. BNP rejected the verdict and carried out protests against it.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, Kamal Hossain as the leader of the Jatiya Oikya Front became the main opposition leader.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2018_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2018 Bangladeshi general election">2018 Bangladeshi general election</a> was held on 30 December 2018. On the election day at least 14 people died in violence between the Awami League supporters and the Jatiya Oikya Front supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Awami League returned to power winning 259 out of 300 parliamentary seats, making up the largest government body in Bangladesh after 1973 (where Awami League had won 293 out of 300 seats). The Jatiya Oikya Front only won 7 seats and alleged the 2018 election to be rigged and opted to boycott the parliament and stated that they would demand for fresh elections. The Jatiya Party became the main opposition party with only 20 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a>'s new cabinet took oath on 3 January 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite refusing to sell gas (LPG) at a better deal to the US back in 2000, in October 2019 Sheikh Hasina in a contradictory statement controversially stated that she will sell LPG to India despite the scarcity of LPG in Bangladesh (BD). Hasina also stated she will give India free access to extract BD's <a href="/wiki/Feni_River" title="Feni River">Feni</a> water, despite her failure to secure the Teesta river sharing deal.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dispute between Bangladesh and Myanmar over the unresolved <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_refugees_in_Bangladesh" title="Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh">Rohingya Refugee Crisis</a> continued during this period, with Myanmar's unwillingness to take back the refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2020 Myanmar deployed their army troops on the Bangladesh border. Bangladesh appealed to the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> to prevent any escalation. Later Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina assured "a safe zone must be created for the Rohingyas Refugees. If that is done, Myanmar will face a huge problem in the Rakhine region. I don't think Myanmar will lock in war with Bangladesh; <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> will not let that happen." No further escalations have been reported, Bangladesh and Myanmar have since remained in peace militarily, but the diplomatic dispute continues to be debated at the UN.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 2018 General Election the nation witnessed four years of political calm. But in 2022 BNP increasingly started to criticize the Awami League Government over rising inflationary crisis, including unsustainable fuel and energy price hikes as well as massive power outage despite the Government's promise to implement 100% electricity in the nation. While price levels of every items especially food, begun to rise, people's income level became stale and the Prime Minister herself warned of possible famine in the future and called for the general public to reduce their consumption, however did not say anything about politicians and government officials living luxurious lives.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This cumulated to BNP staging massive protest on 24 December 2022, during clashes with the police one BNP activist was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these criticisms the Awami League achieved numerous economic development in the nation, including the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bridge" title="Padma Bridge">Padma Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Metro_Rail" title="Dhaka Metro Rail">Dhaka Metro Rail</a> on 25 June 2022 and 28 December 2022 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 2024 the government came under international controversy and criticism after their involvement in Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a> being convicted under labor law that was allegedly a false case.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the 2014 and 2018 general elections which were marred by violence, the <a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2024 Bangladeshi general election">2024 Bangladeshi general election</a> held on 7 January 2024 were generally peaceful and once again won by Awami League.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Awami League Government led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina took oath for a record fourth consecutive time on 10 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election was boycotted by the main opposition <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangladesh was however grappled by large scale protests in July and August 2024 namely the <a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladesh_quota_reform_movement" title="2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement">2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(2024)" title="Non-cooperation movement (2024)">2024 Non-cooperation movement</a> and both protests were met by brutal resistance that resulted in hundreds of deaths across the whole country and the eventual resignation of the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and the Awami League government on 5 August 2024, and Sheikh Hasina subsequently fled to India on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024–Present:_Interim_Government:_Muhammad_Yunus"><span id="2024.E2.80.93Present:_Interim_Government:_Muhammad_Yunus"></span>2024–Present: Interim Government: Muhammad Yunus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2024–Present: Interim Government: Muhammad Yunus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladesh_Interim_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Bangladesh Interim Government">2024 Bangladesh Interim Government</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Laureate_Dr._Muhammad_Yunus.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Nobel_Laureate_Dr._Muhammad_Yunus.webp/220px-Nobel_Laureate_Dr._Muhammad_Yunus.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Nobel_Laureate_Dr._Muhammad_Yunus.webp/330px-Nobel_Laureate_Dr._Muhammad_Yunus.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Nobel_Laureate_Dr._Muhammad_Yunus.webp/440px-Nobel_Laureate_Dr._Muhammad_Yunus.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>Dr. Muhammad Yunus delivering his speech after winning the Nobel Peace Price</figcaption></figure> <p>On 5 August 2024, following the fall of the previous government, the Army Chief <a href="/wiki/Waker-uz-Zaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Waker-uz-Zaman">Waker-uz-Zaman</a> addressed the whole nation at 4 PM on the same day assuring the formation of an interim government within a few days.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interim government headed by Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a> as Chief Advisor was formed on 8 August 2024 through his oath of office.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 16 advisors took oath under Yunus, they were: </p> <ul><li><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Salehuddin_Ahmed_(economist)" title="Salehuddin Ahmed (economist)">Salehuddin Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_Nazrul" title="Asif Nazrul">Dr. Asif Nazrul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adilur_Rahman_Khan" title="Adilur Rahman Khan">Adilur Rahman Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._F._Hassan_Ariff" title="A. F. Hassan Ariff">Hassan Ariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Md._Touhid_Hossain" title="Md. Touhid Hossain">Md. Touhid Hossain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizwana_Hasan" title="Rizwana Hasan">Syeda Rizwana Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharmeen_Murshid" title="Sharmeen Murshid">Sharmeen S Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk-e-Azam" title="Faruk-e-Azam">Faruk-e-Azam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_Sakhawat_Hossain" class="mw-redirect" title="M Sakhawat Hossain">Brigadier General (Retired) M Sakhawat Hossain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supradip_Chakma" title="Supradip Chakma">Supradip Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Ranjan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidhan Ranjan Roy">Bidhan Ranjan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_F_M_Khalid_Hossain" title="A F M Khalid Hossain">Dr. A F M Khalid Hossain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farida_Akhter" title="Farida Akhter">Farida Akhter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurjahan_Begum_(banker)" title="Nurjahan Begum (banker)">Nurjahan Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahid_Islam" title="Nahid Islam">Md Nahid Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_Mahmud" title="Asif Mahmud">Asif Mahmud Shojib Bhuiyan</a></li></ol></li></ul> <p>Law adviser Dr. Asif Nazrul stated that the thirteenth general election may be possible by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However he was contradicted by Religious Affairs Adviser AFM Khalid Hossain who said the Interim Government could hold power longer.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Government of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bangladesh" title="Cabinet of Bangladesh">Cabinet of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bangladesh" title="Poverty in Bangladesh">Poverty in Bangladesh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The voting figures of the Awami League does not include the votes for 13 candidates of allied registered parties who contested on the Awami League 'boat' symbol</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jatiya_Samajtantrik_Dal" title="Bangladesh Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal">Bangladesh Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mayeen_Uddin_Khan_Badal" title="Mayeen Uddin Khan Badal">Mayeen Uddin Khan Badal</a> ran as a Awami League candidate in <a href="/wiki/Chittagong-8" title="Chittagong-8">Chattogram-8</a> an won the seat with 282,313 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The voting figures of the BNP does not include the votes for 25 candidates of allied registered parties who contested on the BNP 'sheaf of paddy' symbol</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WPB fielded three candidates on its 'hammer' election symbol, who received 1,729 votes, and five candidates on the Awami League 'boat' symbol, who received 644,335 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JASAD fielded nine candidates on its 'torch' election symbol, who received 39,104 votes, and three candidates on the Awami League 'boat' symbol, who received 570,940 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bikalpdhara Bangladesh fielded 23 candidates on its 'winnowing fan' election symbol, who received 18,183 votes, and three candidates on the Awami League 'boat' symbol, who received 547,757 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GaFo fielded twenty candidates on its 'rising sun' election symbol, who received 103,535 votes, and seven candidates on the BNP 'sheaf of paddy' symbol, who received 398,202 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bangladesh Tarikat Federation fielded 16 candidates on its 'winnowing fan' election symbol, who received 6,087 votes, and two candidates on the Awami League 'boat' symbol, who received 423,868 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JUIB fielded five candidates on its 'date palm' election symbol, who received 2,351 votes, and three candidates on the BNP 'sheaf of paddy' symbol, who received 215,658 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JSD fielded fifteen candidates on its 'star' election symbol, who received 3,119 votes, and four candidates on the BNP 'sheaf of paddy' symbol, who received 152,867 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">KSJL fielded five candidates on its '<a href="/wiki/Gamcha" title="Gamcha">gamchha</a>' election symbol, who received 597 votes, and three candidates on the BNP 'sheaf of paddy' symbol, who received 143,518 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">KM fielded ten candidates on its 'wall-clock' election symbol, who received 11,203 votes, and two candidates on the BNP 'sheaf of paddy' symbol, who received 105,907 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LDP fielded four candidates on its 'umbrella' election symbol, who received 25,152 votes, and four candidates on the BNP 'sheaf of paddy' symbol, who received 28,879 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BKP fielded one candidate on its 'wrist-watch' election symbol, who received 55 votes, and one candidate on the BNP 'sheaf of paddy' symbol, who received 44,381 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BJP fielded two candidates on its 'cow cart' election symbol, who received 111 votes, and one candidate on the BNP 'sheaf of paddy' symbol, who received 38,639 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unregistered member political parties of the <a href="/wiki/Left_Democratic_Alliance_(Bangladesh)" title="Left Democratic Alliance (Bangladesh)">Left Democratic Alliance</a> like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganasamhati_Andolan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganasamhati Andolan (page does not exist)">Ganasamhati Andolan</a> fielded candidates on RWPB's 'hoe' election symbol.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some unregistered political parties, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democratic_Movement_(Bangladesh)" title="Nationalist Democratic Movement (Bangladesh)">Nationalist Democratic Movement (NDM)</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Hajjaj" title="Bobby Hajjaj">Bobby Hajjaj</a>, contested under Muslim League’s 'lantern' election symbol. The alliance of these parties held the name 'Gano Oikya Jote' (lit. Mass Unity Alliance).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15th-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15th_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319055445/http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=201153&cid=3">"Nasim swipes at Khaleda"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bdnews24.com" title="Bdnews24.com">bdnews24.com</a></i>. 18 July 2011. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Myanmar%3A+What+sparked+latest+violence+in+Rakhine%3F&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-41082689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/bnp-threatens-mass-upsurge-restore-democracy-1515520">"BNP threatens of mass upsurge to 'restore' democracy"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 5 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=BNP+threatens+of+mass+upsurge+to+%27restore%27+democracy&rft.date=2018-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fpolitics%2Fbnp-threatens-mass-upsurge-restore-democracy-1515520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/khaleda-zia-orphanage-trust-corruption-case-verdict-on-way-to-special-court-dhaka-bangladesh-1531711">"Khaleda lands in jail for corruption"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 8 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Khaleda+lands+in+jail+for+corruption&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fpolitics%2Fkhaleda-zia-orphanage-trust-corruption-case-verdict-on-way-to-special-court-dhaka-bangladesh-1531711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/high-court-raises-jail-term-to-10-years-for-khaleda-zia-in-orphanage-graft-case">"High Court raises jail term to 10 years for Khaleda Zia in orphanage graft case"</a>. <i>bdnews24.com</i>. 30 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bdnews24.com&rft.atitle=High+Court+raises+jail+term+to+10+years+for+Khaleda+Zia+in+orphanage+graft+case&rft.date=2018-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdnews24.com%2Fbangladesh%2Fhigh-court-raises-jail-term-to-10-years-for-khaleda-zia-in-orphanage-graft-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/digital-security-act-2018-overly-broad-ripe-abuse-human-rights-watch-1638454">"Tool ripe for abuse: HRW"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 26 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Tool+ripe+for+abuse%3A+HRW&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fpolitics%2Fdigital-security-act-2018-overly-broad-ripe-abuse-human-rights-watch-1638454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/bnp-join-today-jatiya-oikya-prokriya-rally-1637062">"Greater unity taking shape"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 23 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Greater+unity+taking+shape&rft.date=2018-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fpolitics%2Fbnp-join-today-jatiya-oikya-prokriya-rally-1637062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntara2018" class="citation news cs1">Antara, Nawaz Farhin (24 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2018/09/24/will-jatiya-oikya-prokriya-be-a-game-changer-in-election-2018">"Will Jatiya Oikya Prokriya be a game changer in election 2018?"</a>. <i>Dhaka Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Will+Jatiya+Oikya+Prokriya+be+a+game+changer+in+election+2018%3F&rft.date=2018-09-24&rft.aulast=Antara&rft.aufirst=Nawaz+Farhin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2Felection%2F2018%2F09%2F24%2Fwill-jatiya-oikya-prokriya-be-a-game-changer-in-election-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/bnp-will-not-be-able-wage-demo-before-bangladesh-national-election-1637446">"BNP's dream will never come true"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 24 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=BNP%27s+dream+will+never+come+true&rft.date=2018-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fpolitics%2Fbnp-will-not-be-able-wage-demo-before-bangladesh-national-election-1637446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/not-national-hotchpotch-unity-1638307">"Not national but a 'hotchpotch unity'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 25 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Not+national+but+a+%27hotchpotch+unity%27&rft.date=2018-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fcity%2Fnews%2Fnot-national-hotchpotch-unity-1638307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/grenade-attack-in-2004-was-designed-to-obliterate-awami-league-says-judge">"Grenade attack in 2004 was designed to 'obliterate' Awami League, says judge"</a>. <i>bdnews24.com</i>. 10 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bdnews24.com&rft.atitle=Grenade+attack+in+2004+was+designed+to+%27obliterate%27+Awami+League%2C+says+judge&rft.date=2018-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdnews24.com%2Fbangladesh%2Fgrenade-attack-in-2004-was-designed-to-obliterate-awami-league-says-judge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/public-gathering-suhrawardy-udyan-in-dhaka-jatiya-oikyafront-rally-1656937">"Movement if talks fail"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 7 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Movement+if+talks+fail&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fpolitics%2Fpublic-gathering-suhrawardy-udyan-in-dhaka-jatiya-oikyafront-rally-1656937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/412680-14-killed-in-bangladesh-election-violence">"14 killed in Bangladesh election violence"</a>. <i>The News International</i>. Agence France-Presse. 31 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+International&rft.atitle=14+killed+in+Bangladesh+election+violence&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Fprint%2F412680-14-killed-in-bangladesh-election-violence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/news/world-leaders-congratulate-sheikh-hasina-1681441">"World leaders congratulate Sheikh Hasina"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 1 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=World+leaders+congratulate+Sheikh+Hasina&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fbangladesh-national-election-2018%2Fnews%2Fworld-leaders-congratulate-sheikh-hasina-1681441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2019/01/03/newly-elected-mps-take-oath">"11th parliament takes oath"</a>. <i>Dhaka Tribune</i>. 3 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=11th+parliament+takes+oath&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2Felection%2F2019%2F01%2F03%2Fnewly-elected-mps-take-oath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/election-commission-dismissive-of-tib-report-on-polls">"Election Commission dismissive of TIB report on polls"</a>. <i>bdnews24.com</i>. 15 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bdnews24.com&rft.atitle=Election+Commission+dismissive+of+TIB+report+on+polls&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdnews24.com%2Fbangladesh%2Felection-commission-dismissive-of-tib-report-on-polls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-says-search-all-university-dorms-1811743">"Search all university dorms"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 10 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Search+all+university+dorms&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Ffrontpage%2Fbangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-says-search-all-university-dorms-1811743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/sheikh-hasina-narendra-modi-talks-begin-in-new-delhi-prioritises-bangladesh-india-relation-1809646">"Bangladesh allows India to withdraw Feni river water"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 5 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Bangladesh+allows+India+to+withdraw+Feni+river+water&rft.date=2019-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fpolitics%2Fsheikh-hasina-narendra-modi-talks-begin-in-new-delhi-prioritises-bangladesh-india-relation-1809646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50763180">"Myanmar Rohingya: Suu Kyi accused of 'silence' in genocide trial"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 12 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Myanmar+Rohingya%3A+Suu+Kyi+accused+of+%27silence%27+in+genocide+trial&rft.date=2019-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-50763180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Javed2020" class="citation news cs1">Al Javed, Hasan (14 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/world/south-asia/2020/09/14/myanmar-deploys-over-2-500-more-troops-near-bangladesh-border">"Myanmar deploys over 2,500 more troops near Bangladesh border"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Tribune" title="Dhaka Tribune">Dhaka Tribune</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Myanmar+deploys+over+2%2C500+more+troops+near+Bangladesh+border&rft.date=2020-09-14&rft.aulast=Al+Javed&rft.aufirst=Hasan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fworld%2Fsouth-asia%2F2020%2F09%2F14%2Fmyanmar-deploys-over-2-500-more-troops-near-bangladesh-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4vIKhzgeio"><bdi lang="bn">মিয়ানমারকে আয়নায় মুখ দেখতে বলেছে বাংলাদেশ</bdi></a>. ATN News – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC+%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6&rft.pub=ATN+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dp4vIKhzgeio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortoza2020" class="citation news cs1">Mortoza, Golam (1 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/news/two-asian-powerhouses-are-competing-myanmars-rakhine-1970853">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Two Asian powerhouses are competing in Myanmar's Rakhine'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i> (Opinion).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=%27Two+Asian+powerhouses+are+competing+in+Myanmar%27s+Rakhine%27&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.aulast=Mortoza&rft.aufirst=Golam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fopinion%2Fnews%2Ftwo-asian-powerhouses-are-competing-myanmars-rakhine-1970853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/engage-food-production-evade-possible-famine-pm-asks-youths-523742">"Engage in food production to evade possible famine: PM asks youths"</a>. <i>The Business Standard</i>. November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Business+Standard&rft.atitle=Engage+in+food+production+to+evade+possible+famine%3A+PM+asks+youths&rft.date=2022-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbsnews.net%2Fbangladesh%2Fengage-food-production-evade-possible-famine-pm-asks-youths-523742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/politics/4lci1dmaqp">"One killed as BNP-police clash in Panchagarh"</a>. <i>Prothom Alo</i>. 24 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prothom+Alo&rft.atitle=One+killed+as+BNP-police+clash+in+Panchagarh&rft.date=2022-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.prothomalo.com%2Fbangladesh%2Fpolitics%2F4lci1dmaqp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/government/8iqmqns5dp">"Metro rail another feather of Bangladesh's development crown: PM Hasina"</a>. <i>Prothom Alo</i>. 28 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prothom+Alo&rft.atitle=Metro+rail+another+feather+of+Bangladesh%27s+development+crown%3A+PM+Hasina&rft.date=2022-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.prothomalo.com%2Fbangladesh%2Fgovernment%2F8iqmqns5dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/nobel-laureate-muhammad-yunus-convicted-bangladesh-labour-law-case-2024-01-01/">"Nobel laureate Yunus convicted in Bangladesh labour law case"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Nobel+laureate+Yunus+convicted+in+Bangladesh+labour+law+case&rft.date=2024-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fnobel-laureate-muhammad-yunus-convicted-bangladesh-labour-law-case-2024-01-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdnews24.com/politics/ew2d0sq1et">"Can an alliance of independents replace Jatiya Party as opposition? Experts say 'yes'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>bdnews24.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bdnews24.com&rft.atitle=Can+an+alliance+of+independents+replace+Jatiya+Party+as+opposition%3F+Experts+say+%27yes%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdnews24.com%2Fpolitics%2Few2d0sq1et&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdnews24.com/politics/n8swqymb86">"Hasina picked as leader of the House"</a>. <i>bdnews24.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bdnews24.com&rft.atitle=Hasina+picked+as+leader+of+the+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdnews24.com%2Fpolitics%2Fn8swqymb86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67889387">"Bangladesh election: PM Sheikh Hasina wins fourth term in controversial vote"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Bangladesh+election%3A+PM+Sheikh+Hasina+wins+fourth+term+in+controversial+vote&rft.date=2024-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-67889387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhar2024" class="citation news cs1">Dhar, Aniruddha (5 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-resigns-flees-country-as-protesters-storm-palace-report-101722850283514.html">"Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigns, flees country as protestors storm palace"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Bangladesh+Prime+Minister+Sheikh+Hasina+resigns%2C+flees+country+as+protestors+storm+palace&rft.date=2024-08-05&rft.aulast=Dhar&rft.aufirst=Aniruddha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fworld-news%2Fbangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-resigns-flees-country-as-protesters-storm-palace-report-101722850283514.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/9/bangladesh-taking-steps-to-extradite-former-pm-hasina-from-india">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/9/bangladesh-taking-steps-to-extradite-former-pm-hasina-from-india</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/defying-curfew-hundreds-thousands-protesters-heading-towards-shahbagh-3669946">"Hasina resigns; interim govt to be formed; all offices to open Tuesday"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 5 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Hasina+resigns%3B+interim+govt+to+be+formed%3B+all+offices+to+open+Tuesday&rft.date=2024-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews%2Fbangladesh%2Fnews%2Fdefying-curfew-hundreds-thousands-protesters-heading-towards-shahbagh-3669946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/yunus-led-interim-govt-sworn-3672581">"Yunus-led interim govt sworn in"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 8 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Yunus-led+interim+govt+sworn+in&rft.date=2024-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews%2Fbangladesh%2Fnews%2Fyunus-led-interim-govt-sworn-3672581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newagebd.net/post/country/248031/next-election-in-bangladesh-realistically-possible-by-2025-asif-nazrul">https://www.newagebd.net/post/country/248031/next-election-in-bangladesh-realistically-possible-by-2025-asif-nazrul</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/election-remarks-asif-nazrul-army-chief-not-official-govt-stance-adviser-khalid-970466">https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/election-remarks-asif-nazrul-army-chief-not-official-govt-stance-adviser-khalid-970466</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516160013/http://report.globalintegrity.org/Bangladesh">Global Integrity Report: Bangladesh</a> has details of anti-corruption efforts.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Asia" title="Politics of Asia">Politics of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Armenia" title="Politics of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bahrain" title="Politics of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bhutan" title="Politics of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brunei" title="Politics of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cambodia" title="Politics of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_East_Timor" title="Politics of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Egypt" title="Politics of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iran" title="Politics of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iraq" title="Politics of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jordan" title="Politics of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Politics of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Politics of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kuwait" title="Politics of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Politics of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Laos" title="Politics of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Politics of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Maldives" title="Politics of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mongolia" title="Politics of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Myanmar" title="Politics of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nepal" title="Politics of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Oman" title="Politics of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Qatar" title="Politics of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Politics of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Singapore" title="Politics of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Politics of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tajikistan" title="Politics of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thailand" title="Politics of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkmenistan" title="Politics of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Politics of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Uzbekistan" title="Politics of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Yemen" title="Politics of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abkhazia" title="Politics of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Politics of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bangladesh_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bangladesh_topics" title="Template:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bangladesh_topics" title="Template talk:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladesh_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bangladesh_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh" title="History of Bangladesh">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bangladeshi_history" title="Timeline of Bangladeshi history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh#History_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">Outline</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladesh-related_topics" title="List of Bangladesh-related topics">Topics</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_aviation_in_Bangladesh" title="History of aviation in Bangladesh">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Bangladesh" title="Military history of Bangladesh">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bangladesh" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bangladesh">Postal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal" title="List of rulers of Bengal">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladesh_tropical_cyclones" title="List of Bangladesh tropical cyclones">Cyclones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Bangladesh" title="List of years in Bangladesh">Years</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anga" title="Anga">Anga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanga_kingdom" title="Vanga kingdom">Vanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundra_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pundra Kingdom">Pundra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhma_kingdom" title="Suhma kingdom">Suhma kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadhan_Empire" title="Magadhan Empire">Magadhan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradyota_dynasty" title="Pradyota dynasty">Pradyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaishunaga_dynasty" title="Shaishunaga dynasty">Shaishunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangaridai" title="Gangaridai">Gangaridai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanva_dynasty" title="Kanva dynasty">Kanva dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical and Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Founding kingdom:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda Kingdom">Gauda Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Classical empires:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboja_Pala_dynasty" title="Kamboja Pala dynasty">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Sultanates:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rulers_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent">Islamic rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal period:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal" title="Nawabs of Bengal">Nawabs of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">Colonial</a> and Pakistan era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Portuguese Bengala</a></li> <li><i>British Bengal:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bengal_famine_of_1770" title="Great Bengal famine of 1770">Famine of 1770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Sepoy Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bengal" title="Prime Minister of Bengal">Prime Minister of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Famine of 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language_movement" title="Bengali language movement">Language Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bengali_legislative_election,_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bengali legislative election, 1954">Legislative election in 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_point_movement" title="Six point movement">Six point movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Mass_uprising_in_East_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Mass uprising in East Pakistan">1969 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani general election, 1970">General election in 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Bangladeshi_Independence" title="Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence">Proclamation of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Provisional Government of Bangladesh">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Bangladesh genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Timeline of the Bangladesh Liberation War">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh_after_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bangladesh after independence">Republic of Bangladesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_famine_of_1974" title="Bangladesh famine of 1974">Famine of 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Bangladesh" title="Military coups in Bangladesh">Military coups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ziaur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Ziaur Rahman">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Bangladesh_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Bangladesh coup d'état">1982</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Mass_Uprising_in_Bangladesh" title="1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh">1990 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9308_Bangladeshi_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis">Political crisis in 2006–08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Rifles_revolt" title="Bangladesh Rifles revolt">Bangladesh Rifles revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Begums" title="Battle of Begums">Battle of Begums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Bangladesh_violence" title="2013 Bangladesh violence">Protests in 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student%E2%80%93People%27s_uprising" title="Student–People's uprising">Student–People's uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladesh_quota_reform_movement" title="2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement">Quota reform movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(2024)" title="Non-cooperation movement (2024)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_massacre" title="July massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Bangladesh">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chittagong" title="History of Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dhaka" title="History of Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jessore" title="History of Jessore">Jessore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Noakhali" title="History of Noakhali">Noakhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rangpur" title="History of Rangpur">Rangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sylhet" title="History of Sylhet">Sylhet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Administrative geography of Bangladesh">Administrative:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Bangladesh" title="Divisions of Bangladesh">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of Bangladesh">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upazilas_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Upazilas of Bangladesh">Sub-districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bangladesh" title="List of cities and towns in Bangladesh">Cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Bangladesh" title="Template:Borders of Bangladesh">Borders</a></li> <li><i>Nature:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Islands of Bangladesh">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Lakes of Bangladesh">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Mountains of Bangladesh">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Parks in Bangladesh">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of rivers of Bangladesh">Rivers</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Places:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Fan" title="Bengal Fan">Bengal Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox%27s_Bazar" title="Cox's Bazar">Cox's Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatirjheel" title="Hatirjheel">Hatirjheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Executive:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Bangladesh" title="List of presidents of Bangladesh">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of prime ministers of Bangladesh">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bangladesh" title="Cabinet of Bangladesh">Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Elections in Bangladesh">Elections</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Election_Commission" title="Bangladesh Election Commission">Election Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:General elections in Bangladesh">General elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Presidential elections in Bangladesh">Presidential elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bangladesh" title="Foreign relations of Bangladesh">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Bangladesh">Foreign policies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad">Jatiya Sangsad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Bangladesh" title="Local government in Bangladesh">Local government</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_City_Corporations_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of City Corporations of Bangladesh">City corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Municipal_Corporations_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Municipal Corporations of Bangladesh">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upazilas_of_Bangladesh#Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Upazilas of Bangladesh">Upazila Parishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Bangladesh" title="Union councils of Bangladesh">Union councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws in Bangladesh">Law</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Bangladesh" title="Supreme Court of Bangladesh">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court Division">High Court Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Crimes_Tribunal_(Bangladesh)" title="International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)">International Crimes Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Bangladesh" title="Chief Justice of Bangladesh">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Bangladesh" title="Attorney General of Bangladesh">Attorney General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bangladesh" title="Human rights in Bangladesh">Human rights</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance in Bangladesh">Forced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bangladesh">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Bangladesh" title="Women in Bangladesh">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Law enforcement in Bangladesh">enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Armed_Forces" title="Bangladesh Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Army" title="Bangladesh Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Navy" title="Bangladesh Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Air_Force" title="Bangladesh Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paramilitary_forces_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Paramilitary forces of Bangladesh">Paramilitary</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guards_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Guards Bangladesh">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Coast_Guard" title="Bangladesh Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Ansar" title="Bangladesh Ansar">Ansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Defence_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Village Defence Party">Village Defence Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Guard_Regiment" title="President Guard Regiment">President Guard Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_Force" title="Special Security Force">Special Security Force</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_intelligence_community" title="Bangladeshi intelligence community">Intelligence</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Intelligence" title="National Security Intelligence">NSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Forces_Intelligence" title="Directorate General of Forces Intelligence">DGFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_and_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Counter Terrorism and Intelligence Bureau">CTIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Bangladesh)" title="Special Branch (Bangladesh)">Special Branch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Police" title="Bangladesh Police">Police</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Police_Battalion" title="Armed Police Battalion">APBn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department_(Bangladesh)" title="Criminal Investigation Department (Bangladesh)">CID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_and_Transnational_Crime" title="Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime">CTTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Police Bureau of Investigation">PBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Action_Battalion" title="Rapid Action Battalion">RAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_and_Protection_Battalion" title="Special Security and Protection Battalion">SPBn</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh" title="Economy of Bangladesh">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Planning_Commission" title="Bangladesh Planning Commission">Bangladesh Planning Commission</a></li> <li><i>Industries:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Automotive industry in Bangladesh">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramics_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Ceramics industry in Bangladesh">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Electronics industry in Bangladesh">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Food industry in Bangladesh">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh">Pharmaceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Textile industry in Bangladesh">Textile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Bangladesh" title="Shipbuilding in Bangladesh">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Steel industry in Bangladesh">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Tea production in Bangladesh">Tea production</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Finance sectors:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Bangladesh" title="Banking in Bangladesh">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank" title="Bangladesh Bank">Bangladesh Bank <span style="font-size:85%;">(central bank)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_taka" title="Bangladeshi taka">Bangladeshi taka <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_system_in_Bangladesh" title="Financial system in Bangladesh">Financial system</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Stock Exchange:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Stock_Exchange" title="Chittagong Stock Exchange">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Stock_Exchange" title="Dhaka Stock Exchange">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bangladesh_share_market_scam" title="2011 Bangladesh share market scam">2011 scam</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Energy and resources:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Bangladesh" title="Energy policy of Bangladesh">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Bangladesh" title="Electricity sector in Bangladesh">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_and_petroleum_in_Bangladesh" title="Natural gas and petroleum in Bangladesh">Natural gas and petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Bangladesh">Nuclear energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bangladesh" title="Renewable energy in Bangladesh">Renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Export_Processing_Zone_Authority" title="Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority">Export Processing Zones</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bangladesh" title="Agriculture in Bangladesh">Agriculture</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Rice production in Bangladesh">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_Bangladesh" title="Poultry farming in Bangladesh">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Bangladesh">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Bangladesh" title="Forestry in Bangladesh">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bangladesh" title="Tourism in Bangladesh">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bangladesh" title="Poverty in Bangladesh">Poverty</a></li> <li><i>Infrastructure:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Post_Office" title="Bangladesh Post Office">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bangladesh" title="Telecommunications in Bangladesh">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Bangladesh" title="Real estate in Bangladesh">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Bangladesh" title="Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bangladesh" title="Transport in Bangladesh">Transport</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Bangladesh" title="List of airports in Bangladesh">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Bangladesh" title="List of airlines of Bangladesh">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Railway" title="Bangladesh Railway">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Bangladesh" title="List of roads in Bangladesh">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Bangladesh">Ports</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Society of Bangladesh">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh" title="Demographics of Bangladesh">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Bangladesh">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis" title="Bangladeshis">Bangladeshis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi name">Names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bangladesh" title="Crime in Bangladesh">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Bangladesh" title="Corruption in Bangladesh">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Bangladesh" title="Human trafficking in Bangladesh">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bangladesh" title="Education in Bangladesh">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of schools in Bangladesh">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Bangladesh" title="List of universities in Bangladesh">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Bangladesh" title="Health in Bangladesh">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_Bangladesh" title="Hunger in Bangladesh">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_society" title="Bangladeshi society">Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bangladesh" title="Culture of Bangladesh">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bangladesh" title="Architecture of Bangladesh">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangaliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangaliana">Bangaliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">Bangladeshi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_studies" title="Bengal studies">Bengal studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh" title="Music of Bangladesh">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bangladesh" title="Public holidays in Bangladesh">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bangladesh" title="Sport in Bangladesh">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_traditional_games" title="Bengali traditional games">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_theatre" title="Bengali theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Bangladesh" title="List of radio stations in Bangladesh">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bangladesh" title="Television in Bangladesh">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Bangladesh" title="Sexuality in Bangladesh">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Bangladesh">Marriage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="National symbols of Bangladesh">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Shonar_Bangla" class="mw-redirect" title="Amar Shonar Bangla">Amar Shonar Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal fire">Bengal fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">Bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" title="Flag of Bangladesh">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh" title="Government Seal of Bangladesh">Government Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_cat" title="Bengal cat">Bengal cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_Bangladesh" title="National Emblem of Bangladesh">National Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Martyrs%27_Memorial" title="National Martyrs' Memorial">National Martyrs' Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notuner_Gaan" title="Notuner Gaan">Notuner Gaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_magpie-robin" title="Oriental magpie-robin">Oriental magpie-robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali" title="Nymphaea nouchali">Water lily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Bangladeshi inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" 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