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id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_lifestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_lifestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Traditional lifestyle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_lifestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dwellings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dwellings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Dwellings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dwellings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Clothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_spirituality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_spirituality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Modern spirituality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_spirituality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Altai people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Алтай калык – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Алтай калык" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="شعب الألتاي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب الألتاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaicos" title="Altaicos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Altaicos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altayl%C4%B1lar" title="Altaylılar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Altaylılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آلتای‌لی‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلتای‌لی‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алтайҙар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Алтайҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Алтайцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алтайцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Алтайцы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Алтайцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Алтайци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алтайци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_(tribu)" title="Altai (tribu) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Altai (tribu)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Алтайсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Алтайсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaier" title="Altaier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Altaier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altailased" title="Altailased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Altailased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C3%A1is" title="Altáis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Altáis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_(herria)" title="Altai (herria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Altai (herria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مردم آلتای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم آلتای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta%C3%AFens" title="Altaïens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Altaïens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C3%A1%C3%ADgh" title="Altáígh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Altáígh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_altai" title="Pobo altai – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo altai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="알타이인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알타이인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալթայցիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալթայցիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="अल्ताई लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्ताई लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altajci" title="Altajci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Altajci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Altai" title="Orang Altai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Altai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaici" title="Altaici – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Altaici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ალთაები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალთაები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алтайлықтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алтайлықтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altay" title="Altay – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Altay" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алтайлыктар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алтайлыктар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altajie%C5%A1i" title="Altajieši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Altajieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altajie%C4%8Diai" title="Altajiečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Altajiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Алтајци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алтајци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алтай ястан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Алтай ястан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaj_(volk)" title="Altaj (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Altaj (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E4%BA%BA" title="アルタイ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルタイ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Алтайхой – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Алтайхой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oltoylar" title="Oltoylar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oltoylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="التائی لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="التائی لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%82tajczycy" title="Ałtajczycy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ałtajczycy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaicos" title="Altaicos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Altaicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%97" title="Алтайцї – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алтайцї" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Алтайцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алтайцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алтайдар – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Алтайдар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Altai people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەڵتائیان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەڵتائیان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Алтајци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алтајци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altajci" title="Altajci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Altajci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altailaiset" title="Altailaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Altailaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altajer" title="Altajer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Altajer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алтайлар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алтайлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaylar" title="Altaylar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Altaylar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алдайлар – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Алдайлар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%96" title="Алтайці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алтайці" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Altai people</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="alt">Алтайлар (<i>Altailar</i>) <br /> Алтай-кижи (<i>Altai-kiji</i>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altais.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Altais.jpg/250px-Altais.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Altais.jpg/375px-Altais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Altais.jpg/500px-Altais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="387" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AltaiinRussia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/AltaiinRussia.png/250px-AltaiinRussia.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/AltaiinRussia.png/375px-AltaiinRussia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/AltaiinRussia.png/500px-AltaiinRussia.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="573" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Top: </b>Altai people in 1911.<br /><b>Bottom: </b>Altai people in the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai Republic</a> and neighboring areas</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>83,326</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">    </span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai Republic</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Altai_Krai.svg/23px-Flag_of_Altai_Krai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Altai_Krai.svg/35px-Flag_of_Altai_Krai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Altai_Krai.svg/46px-Flag_of_Altai_Krai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Altai_Krai" title="Altai Krai">Altai Krai</a></li></ul></th><td class="infobox-data">83,125<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> and <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="infobox-data">several thousand<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">201<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern Altai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">up to 86%<sup id="cite_ref-regnum_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regnum-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Altai Faith" (modern synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religions">indigenous religions</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-BourdeauxFilatov_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BourdeauxFilatov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Buddhism">Mongolian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodoxy">Russian Orthodoxy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a>, especially other <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic_languages" title="Siberian Turkic languages">Siberian Turkic</a> peoples </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg/220px-Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg/330px-Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg/440px-Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai Republic</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Altai people</b> (<a href="/wiki/Altay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Altay language">Altay</a>: <span lang="alt">Алтай-кижи</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Altay-language romanization"><i lang="alt-Latn">Altay-kiji</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="alt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɑltɑj-kidʒi]</a></span>), also the <b>Altaians</b> (<a href="/wiki/Altay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Altay language">Altay</a>: <span lang="alt">Алтайлар</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Altay-language romanization"><i lang="alt-Latn">Altaylar</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="alt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɑltɑjlɑr]</a></span>), are a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> ethnic group of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Siberia" title="Indigenous peoples of Siberia">indigenous peoples of Siberia</a> mainly living in the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Altaians1994_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altaians1994-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhukovskaia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several thousand of the Altaians also live in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a>) and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>) but are <a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">not officially recognized as a distinct group</a><sup id="cite_ref-Olson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and listed under the name "Oirats" as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> where they number around 200.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For alternative ethnonyms see also <a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Black Tatar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Northern Yuan dynasty</a>, they were ruled in the administrative area known as Telengid Province. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnic_groups_and_subgroups">Ethnic groups and subgroups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups and subgroups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altaian_horseman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Altaian_horseman.jpg/220px-Altaian_horseman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Altaian_horseman.jpg/330px-Altaian_horseman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Altaian_horseman.jpg/440px-Altaian_horseman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Altai horseman</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altaian_woman_Pazyryk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Altaian_woman_Pazyryk.jpg/220px-Altaian_woman_Pazyryk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Altaian_woman_Pazyryk.jpg/330px-Altaian_woman_Pazyryk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Altaian_woman_Pazyryk.jpg/440px-Altaian_woman_Pazyryk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption>Altai woman</figcaption></figure> <p>The Altaians are represented by two ethnographic groups:<sup id="cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhukovskaia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <b>Northern Altaians</b>, who speak the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern Altai language</a> and dialects, include the <a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a> (Tuba-Kizhi).</li> <li>The <b>Southern Altaians</b>, who speak the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai language</a> with its dialects, include the Altai-Kizhi, <a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a>. The Telesy were previously included but are now assimilated into the Telengits.</li></ul> <p>The Northern and Southern Altaians formed in the Altai area on the basis of tribes of <a href="/wiki/Kimek_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimek tribe">Kimek</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> until 1991 and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> until 2000, the authorities considered the Northern Altaians and the Teleuts to be part of the Altai people.<sup id="cite_ref-ELP_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELP-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, according to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_indigenous_peoples_of_Russia" title="List of minor indigenous peoples of Russia">Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 255 dated March 24, 2000</a>, the Chelkans, Kumandins, Telengits, Teleuts, and Tubalars were recognized as separate ethnic groups as well as the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_small-numbered_peoples_of_the_North,_Siberia_and_the_Far_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East">indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East</a>. However, in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Russian Census</a>, the only recognized distinct ethnic groups are the Kumandins and Teleuts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Altai region came within the sphere of influence of the <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran Khaganate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">Turkic Khanganate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Empire</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to one study in 2016, the Altaians, precisely some Southern Altaians, assimilated local <a href="/wiki/Yeniseian_people" title="Yeniseian people">Yeniseian people</a> which were closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Eskimo" title="Paleo-Eskimo">Paleo-Eskimo</a> groups.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 13th to 18th century, the Altai people were dominated politically and culturally by the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>. The origin of the Southern Altaians can be traced during this period from the result of the mixing of <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchak</a> and Mongol tribes. Meanwhile, the Northern Altaians were a result of the fusion of <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic tribes</a> with <a href="/wiki/Samoyedic_peoples" title="Samoyedic peoples">Samoyeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ket_people" title="Ket people">Kets</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Siberia" title="Indigenous peoples of Siberia">indigenous Siberian</a> ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Altaians were annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Four_Oirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Oirat">Four Oirat</a> of Western Mongols in the 16th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Mongols called them "<i>Telengid</i>" or "<i>Telengid <a href="/wiki/Aimag" title="Aimag">aimag</a></i>" in the period of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Yuan dynasty">Northern Yuan dynasty</a>, with the region known as Telengid Province.<sup id="cite_ref-PressReader.com_2018_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PressReader.com_2018-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Zunghar_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Zunghar Khanate">Zunghar Khanate</a> in the 18th century, the Altaians were subjugated by the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, which referred to them as <i>Altan Nuur Uriyangkhai</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altaians are genetically related to the <a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriyangkhai</a>, which is a common neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat Mongol</a> ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>. </p><p>The Altai people came into contact with <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> in the 18th century. In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Tsarist period</a>, the Altai were also known as <b>Oirot</b> or <b>Oyrot</b> (this name means "<a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat</a>" and would later be carried on for the <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast">Oyrot Autonomous Oblast</a>). The name was inherited from their being former subjects of the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Altai report that many of them became addicted to the Russians' <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a>, which they called "fire water".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With regard to religion, some of the Altai remained <a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">shamanists</a> and others (in a trend beginning in the mid-19th century) have converted to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>. In 1904, a <a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">millenarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">indigenist</a> religious movement called <i>Ak-Jang</i> or <a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a> arose among these people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZnamenski200544–47_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZnamenski200544–47-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZnamenski2014_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZnamenski2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to 1917, the Altai were considered to be made up of many different ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Revolution of 1917">1917 Russian revolution</a>, Altai nationalists and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party">Socialist-Revolutionaries</a> attempted to make a separate <a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanist</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Karakorum_Government" title="Karakorum Government">Confederated Republic of Altai</a> (Karakorum-Altai Region),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZnamenski200544–47_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZnamenski200544–47-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although only as part of the Russian Federation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also hoped to extend its territory to form a larger Oyrot republic that would include other former subjects of the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> or even all Turkic peoples of Siberia.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Altai leaders supported the <a href="/wiki/Menshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Menshevik">Mensheviks</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Civil War</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> victory, a separate <a href="/wiki/Oyrot_Autonomous_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyrot Autonomous Oblast">Oyrot Autonomous Oblast</a> was established as a national home for the Altais.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1940s, during World War II, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s government accused Altai nationalists of being <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">pro-Japanese</a>. After the war, the word "Oyrot" was declared to be <a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">counter-revolutionary</a> due to its associations with the idea of a larger Oyrot state that could secede from the USSR.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of that, the oblast was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast">Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast</a>. By 1950, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1927-1953)#Planning" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Soviet Union (1927-1953)">Soviet industrialization</a> policies and development in this area resulted in considerable migration of Russians to this republic, reducing the proportion of Altai in the total population from 50% to 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast">Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast</a> was declared an autonomous republic, the <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, which was renamed to the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai Republic</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 21st century, ethnic Altaians make up about 31% of the Altai Republic's population.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the special interests of the Altaians are articulated and defended by the Association of Northern Ethnoses of Altai.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv/220px--%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="190" data-mwtitle="'Russia’s_Tibet’_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv/%27Russia%E2%80%99s_Tibet%E2%80%99_Opens_to_Jet-Age_Tourism.theora.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a> reporter tours the Altai region in 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the 2010 Russian census, there was a total of 69,963 Altaians who resided within the Altai Republic. This represented 34.5% of the total population of the republic, compared with 56.6% with a Russian background, Altaian families are the majority only in certain villages. However, Altaian culture is still the local culture between people and communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_lifestyle">Traditional lifestyle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Traditional lifestyle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg/220px-Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg/330px-Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Altai <a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">shaman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyzyl" title="Kyzyl">Kyzyl</a>, Tuva</figcaption></figure> <p>The Southern Altaians were mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic livestock holders. They raised <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat_farming" title="Goat farming">goats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming" title="Sheep farming">sheep</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Northern Altaians mainly engaged in <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> as their primary form of subsistence. Their main prey were animals from the <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a> (boreal forests). However, some Altaians also engaged in <a href="/wiki/Smallholding" title="Smallholding">small scale agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">gathering</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dwellings">Dwellings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dwellings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg/220px-Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg/330px-Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg/440px-Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4384" data-file-height="2892" /></a><figcaption><i>Ail</i>, the traditional wooden dwelling</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the Southern Altaians traditionally lived in <a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">yurts</a>. Many Northern Altaians mainly built polygonal yurts with conic roofs made out of logs and bark. Some Altai-Kizhi also lived in mud huts with birch bark gable roofs and log or plank walling. The Teleuts and a few Northern Altaians lived in conic homes made out of perches or bark. With the influx of Russians near the homeland of the Altaians, there was an increase of the construction of large huts with two to four slope roofs in consequence of Russian influence.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the many social and political changes the Altaians have endured, many modern and settled families still keep a yurt in their yards. These yurts are usually used as a summertime kitchen or extra room.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing">Clothing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SB_-_Altay_woman_with_horse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/SB_-_Altay_woman_with_horse.jpg/220px-SB_-_Altay_woman_with_horse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/SB_-_Altay_woman_with_horse.jpg/330px-SB_-_Altay_woman_with_horse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/SB_-_Altay_woman_with_horse.jpg/440px-SB_-_Altay_woman_with_horse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>Altai woman in national dress</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the traditional clothing of Southern Altaian men and women was very similar with little differences between the two.<sup id="cite_ref-Hejzlarová_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hejzlarová-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Average clothing consisted of long shirts with wide breeches, robes, and fur coats. Other apparel often included fur hats, high boots, and sheepskin coats.<sup id="cite_ref-Hejzlarová_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hejzlarová-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Northern Altaians and some Teleuts traditionally wore short breeches, linen shirts, and single-breasted oriental robes. Despite the fact that most Altaians today wear modern clothes, traditional wear still remains in use.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Altai cuisine consists of soups of horseflesh or <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">mutton</a>. Dishes with <a href="/wiki/Gopher" title="Gopher">gopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">badger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marmot" title="Marmot">marmot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fermented_milk_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented milk products">fermented milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cream" title="Cream">cream</a> (from boiled milk), blood pudding, butter, fried barley flour, and certain vegetables are also staples of Altai cuisine. Popular drinks include <i>aryki</i> (hard liquor made from <a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">kumis</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg/220px-SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg/330px-SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Altai shaman with drum, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, 1908<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E9%93%83%E9%BC%93.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E9%93%83%E9%BC%93.jpg/220px-%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E9%93%83%E9%BC%93.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E9%93%83%E9%BC%93.jpg/330px-%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E9%93%83%E9%BC%93.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E9%93%83%E9%BC%93.jpg/440px-%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E9%93%83%E9%BC%93.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3646" data-file-height="3632" /></a><figcaption>Altai shamanic drum</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Altai shamanism</a> is rich with <a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supernatural_being" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernatural being">supernatural beings</a>. Popular deities included <a href="/wiki/Erlik" title="Erlik">Erlik</a>, the god of the underworld, and Oyrot-Khan, a heroic figure who is a composite blend taken from historical <a href="/wiki/Zungarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zungarian">Zungarian</a> (Oirat) Khans and ancient legendary heroes. However, with many migrations, settlement changes, and the presence of <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> and their eventual union with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, the Altaians encountered three world religions: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. At first, the Altaians were indifferent and at times even hostile to these foreign faiths and their expansion in the region (modern <a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai Republic</a>). In 1829, a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">mission</a> was founded in the region soon after it became a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_administrative_division_of_Russia#Imperial_Russia" title="History of the administrative division of Russia">protectorate of the Russian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mission and its missionaries were initially <a href="/wiki/Culturally_sensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Culturally sensitive">culturally sensitive</a> and tolerant to the Altaians and their customs. However, the rise of <a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalism</a> during the late 19th century caused the <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> of Orthodox Christianity in the country, and the mostly Russian clergy in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> also took up the ideology. This created intolerant views of the natives of Siberia (including the Altaians) and of their culture. This led to the rejection of Christianity by many Altaians, who saw it as a foreign Russian religion. However, Russian rule continued to grow increasingly strict both politically and religiously.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian Orthodox missionaries <a href="/wiki/Land_confiscation" class="mw-redirect" title="Land confiscation">regularly confiscated land from Altaians</a> who refused to convert to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altaians were often forcefully converted to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Buddhism">Mongolian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Spread of Buddhism">Buddhist missionaries</a> attempted to spread the faith among the Altaians during the 19th century. The Buddhist missionaries also encouraged the Altaians to unite together against the Russians. However, their activities and preaching were suppressed both by the Russian state and Orthodox Christian missionaries. Buddhism made little headway among the Altaians but many Buddhist ideas and principles filtered into Altai spiritual beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some Altaians reportedly visited the <a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Bogd Khanate of Mongolia</a> and studied at Buddhist centers of learning before and after the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanist movement</a> in the early 20th century; indicating a significant Buddhist influence on the new religion.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1904, the development of Burkhanism among the Altaians was underway. Burkhanism is a <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic religion</a> named after Ak-Burkhan, a deity who is believed and recognized by its adherents to have been the sole god. Burkhanism was opposed to both the Russians and the traditional Altai shamans. The hostility towards the shamans was so great that the shamans had to seek protection from Russian authorities. The rise of the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> in the first quarter of the 20th century also led to the <a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1921%E2%80%931928)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)">brutal repression of all religions</a>, which included the indigenous faiths of the Altai people. For the next few decades, public expressions of religion severely declined with only shamanistic and ancient <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheistic</a> beliefs surviving the chaos. This was believed to have occurred because ancient religious beliefs could be easily orally transmitted from generation to another. It's also likely that no Burkhanist texts survived the repression and main sources for the beliefs of the religion come from Russian missionaries, travellers, and scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_spirituality">Modern spirituality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modern spirituality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recently, both <a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">traditional Altai shamanism</a> have seen a revival in the Altai region, which is especially popular among Altaian youth. According to recent statistical studies, up to 70%<sup id="cite_ref-BourdeauxFilatov_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BourdeauxFilatov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 86 % (data of the Research State Institute of Altaic Studies)<sup id="cite_ref-regnum_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regnum-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Altaians continue to profess the "Altai Faith": Burkhanism, shamanism, and other <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">native religions</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Natalia_Zhukovskaia" title="Natalia Zhukovskaia">Natalia Zhukovskaia</a>, traditional Altai shamanism is the supreme religion of the majority of the Altai people.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhukovskaia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At present, shamanism is practiced by many Telengits, although there is a large amount that also profess Orthodox Christianity. Burkhanism is the main religion of the Altai-Kizhi, the largest group of Altaians, but there is a significant number of Orthodox Christians. The majority of Kumandins, Tubalars, Teleuts, and Chelkans are Russian Orthodox, although there is a significant minority that practice shamanism.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few Altaians are <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical Christians</a><sup id="cite_ref-Altaians1994_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altaians1994-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In principle, the division into the Burkhanists and shamanists has ceased to be relevant for the contemporary religiosity of the Altaians. According to a number of studies, by the beginning of the 21st century, there were practically no traditional shamans or classical Burkhanists anti-shamanists. The main one was the single "<i>Altai Faith</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Altay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Altay language">Altay</a>: <span lang="alt">Алтай јаҥ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Altay-language romanization"><i lang="alt-Latn">Altai jang</i></span>)—a traditional <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">ethnic religion</a> in the form of a synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a> with the remnants of Altai shamanism, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Buddhism">Mongolian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and other tribal beliefs and customs.<sup id="cite_ref-Halemba_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halemba-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tadina_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tadina-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Y Chromosome</b> </p><p>Altai population can be divided into northern and southern clusters based on linguistics, culture, and genetics. According to a 2012 study that analyzed <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mtDNA</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction" title="Polymerase chain reaction">PCR</a>-<a href="/wiki/Restriction_fragment_length_polymorphism" title="Restriction fragment length polymorphism">RFLP</a> analysis and <a href="/wiki/MtDNA_control_region" title="MtDNA control region">control region</a> sequencing) and nonrecombinant <a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">Y-DNA</a> (by scoring more than 100 biallelic markers and 17 <a href="/wiki/Y-STR" title="Y-STR">Y-STRs</a>) obtained from Altaian samples, northern Altaians are genetically more similar to <a href="/wiki/Yeniseian_people" title="Yeniseian people">Yeniseian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugrians" title="Ugrians">Ugric</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samoyeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoyeds">Samoyeds</a> to the north, while southern Altaians having greater affinities to other Turkic speaking populations of southern Siberia and Central Asia. The same study conducted a high-resolution analysis of Y chromosome <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_Q-M242" title="Haplogroup Q-M242">Haplogroup Q-M242</a> that was found in Altaian samples and concluded that southern Altaians and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples of the Americas</a> share a recent <a href="/wiki/Common_descent" title="Common descent">common ancestor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a new study by Russian geneticists, a genetic separation of the northern and southern Altaians is undeniable. The southern Altaians are dominated by such variants of the Y chromosome haplogroup as Q-M242 and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">R1a</a>, and there are also <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M170" title="Haplogroup I-M170">I-M170</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_O-M175" title="Haplogroup O-M175">O-M175</a>. Within the northern Altaians, the R1a haplogroup is dominant, Q-M242 is rarely found, and I-M170 and O-M175 are not found at all.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Mitochondrial DNA</b> </p><p>The maternal genetic ancestry of northern and southern Altaian populations was explored by characterizing coding region SNPs and control region sequences from 490 inhabitants of the Altai Republic. Differences in mtDNA haplogroup profiles were observed among northern Altaian ethnic groups and between northern Altaians and Altai-kizhi, with the Chelkans being extraordinarily distinct. Nevertheless, comparisons among other Altaian ethnic groups revealed some consistent patterns. mtDNA haplogroups B, C, D, and U4 were found in all Altaian populations, but at varying frequencies, whereas southern Altaians (Altai-kizhi, Telengits, and Teleuts) tended to have a greater variety of West Eurasian haplogroups at low frequencies. Shors, who have sometimes been categorized as northern Altaians,18 exhibited a similar haplogroup profile to other northern Altaian ethnic groups, including moderate frequencies of C, D, and F1, although they lacked others (N9a and U). Haplogroups C and D were the most frequent mtDNA lineages in the Altaians, consistent with the overall picture of the Siberian mtDNA gene pool.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Govi-Altai_Province" title="Govi-Altai Province">Govi-Altai Province</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output 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no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2Ftab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson1998" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_S._Olson" title="James S. Olson">Olson, James S.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IOM8qF34s4YC&pg=PA9">"Altai"</a>. <i>An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China</i>. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. pp. 9–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-28853-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-28853-4"><bdi>0-313-28853-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Altai&rft.btitle=An+Ethnohistorical+Dictionary+of+China&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn&rft.pages=9-11&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-313-28853-4&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIOM8qF34s4YC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/default.aspx">Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on statistics. 2009 Census</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424113952/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/default.aspx">Archived</a> 2012-04-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regnum-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-regnum_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regnum_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://regnum.ru/news/society/1974843.html">"Алтайцам следует принять буддизм"</a> [The Altaians should accept Buddhism] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/REGNUM_News_Agency" title="REGNUM News Agency">Regnum</a>. 2015-09-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&rft.date=2015-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fregnum.ru%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F1974843.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BourdeauxFilatov-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BourdeauxFilatov_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BourdeauxFilatov_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourdeauxFilatov2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bourdeaux, Michael; Filatov, Sergey, eds. (2006). <i>Современная религиозная жизнь России. Опыт систематического описания</i> [<i>Contemporary Religious Life of Russia. Systematic description experience</i>] (in Russian). Vol. 4. Moscow: <a href="/wiki/Keston_Institute" title="Keston Institute">Keston Institute</a>; Logos. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-98704-057-4" title="Special:BookSources/5-98704-057-4"><bdi>5-98704-057-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Keston+Institute%3B+Logos&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=5-98704-057-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Altaians1994-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Altaians1994_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Altaians1994_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTishkov1994" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Valery_Tishkov" title="Valery Tishkov">Tishkov, Valery A.</a>, ed. (1994). "Алтайцы" [Altaians]. <i>Народы России: Энциклопедия [Peoples of Russia: an Encyclopedia]</i> (in Russian). Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopedia Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-85270-082-7" title="Special:BookSources/5-85270-082-7"><bdi>5-85270-082-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%5BPeoples+of+Russia%3A+an+Encyclopedia%5D&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Great+Russian+Encyclopedia+Pub.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=5-85270-082-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhukovskaia-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhukovskaia2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Zhukovskaia" title="Natalia Zhukovskaia">Zhukovskaia, Natalia L.</a> (2007) [1999]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZFdppTjTiMC&pg=PA34">"Алтайцы"</a> [Altaians]. In L.M. Mints (ed.). <i>Народы мира: Энциклопедия [Peoples of the World: an Encyclopedia]</i> (in Russian). Moscow: OLMA Media Group. pp. 34–35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-373-01057-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-373-01057-3"><bdi>978-5-373-01057-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%3A+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%5BPeoples+of+the+World%3A+an+Encyclopedia%5D&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=34-35&rft.pub=OLMA+Media+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-5-373-01057-3&rft.aulast=Zhukovskaia&rft.aufirst=Natalia+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLZFdppTjTiMC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/default.aspx">Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on statistics. 2009 Census</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424113952/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/default.aspx">Archived</a> 2012-04-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotapov1969" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pavlovich_Potapov" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonid Pavlovich Potapov">Potapov, Leonid P.</a> (1969). <i>Этнический состав и происхождение алтайцев. Историко-этнографический очерк</i> [<i>Ethnic composition and origin of the Altaians. Historical ethnographical essay</i>] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Leningrad</a>: Nauka. pp. 16–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA&rft.place=Leningrad&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=Nauka&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Potapov&rft.aufirst=Leonid+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkutsch2005" class="citation book cs1">Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iSUKAgAAQBAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities</i></a>. New York: Routledge. pp. 81–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57958-468-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57958-468-3"><bdi>1-57958-468-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Minorities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=81-83&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-57958-468-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiSUKAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ethnic history, History of a region, Statistic information at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://eng.altai-republic.ru/index.php">http://eng.altai-republic.ru/index.php</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717141313/http://eng.altai-republic.ru/index.php">Archived</a> 2011-07-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NUPI Centre for Russian Studies <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www2.nupi.no/cgi-win//Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Altai">http://www2.nupi.no/cgi-win//Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Altai</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155401/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Altai">Archived</a> 2007-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ELP-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ELP_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3869">"Northern Altai"</a>. ELP <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">Endangered Languages Project</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northern+Altai&rft.pub=ELP+Endangered+Languages+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.endangeredlanguages.com%2Flang%2F3869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkutsch2005" class="citation book cs1">Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iSUKAgAAQBAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities</i></a>. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57958-468-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57958-468-3"><bdi>1-57958-468-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Minorities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-57958-468-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiSUKAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlegontovChangmaiZidkovaLogacheva2016" class="citation journal cs1">Flegontov, Pavel; Changmai, Piya; Zidkova, Anastassiya; Logacheva, Maria D.; Altınışık, N. Ezgi; Flegontova, Olga; Gelfand, Mikhail S.; Gerasimov, Evgeny S.; Khrameeva, Ekaterina E. (2016-02-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4750364">"Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>6</b>: 20768. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.03097">1508.03097</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...620768F">2016NatSR...620768F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsrep20768">10.1038/srep20768</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4750364">4750364</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26865217">26865217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Genomic+study+of+the+Ket%3A+a+Paleo-Eskimo-related+ethnic+group+with+significant+ancient+North+Eurasian+ancestry&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=20768&rft.date=2016-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4750364%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016NatSR...620768F&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1508.03097&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsrep20768&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26865217&rft.aulast=Flegontov&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rft.au=Changmai%2C+Piya&rft.au=Zidkova%2C+Anastassiya&rft.au=Logacheva%2C+Maria+D.&rft.au=Alt%C4%B1n%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k%2C+N.+Ezgi&rft.au=Flegontova%2C+Olga&rft.au=Gelfand%2C+Mikhail+S.&rft.au=Gerasimov%2C+Evgeny+S.&rft.au=Khrameeva%2C+Ekaterina+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4750364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PressReader.com_2018-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PressReader.com_2018_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltan2018" class="citation web cs1">Altan, KH. (10 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/mongolia/the-ub-post/20180810/281616716194986">"Ulaanbaatar hosts Altaic People International Conference"</a>. The UB Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2021</span> – via PressReader.com. <q>Altains are presented by two ethnographic groups including the Northern Altains; the Tulbar, Chelkans, Kumandin, and the Shor. The Southern Altaians consist of Altaian (Altai-Kizhi), the Teleut, the Teles, and the Telengit. The history of Altains is deeply rooted to Mongolia as for a period of time they were ruled by Mongolia as Telengid Province during the Northern Yuan Dynasty.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ulaanbaatar+hosts+Altaic+People+International+Conference&rft.pub=The+UB+Post&rft.date=2018-08-10&rft.aulast=Altan&rft.aufirst=KH.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fmongolia%2Fthe-ub-post%2F20180810%2F281616716194986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.P.Atwood- <i>Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire</i>, p.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802041142/http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/acta/22/znamenski.pdf">Znamenski 2005, Power of Myth</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waytorussia.net/Features/RussianPeople/2003Sept24/">"People from Russia — Interviews on the Streets"</a>, Way To Russia, 24 September 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZnamenski200544–47-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZnamenski200544–47_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZnamenski200544–47_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZnamenski2005">Znamenski 2005</a>, pp. 44–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZnamenski2014-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZnamenski2014_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZnamenski2014">Znamenski 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kolga et al., <i>The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire</i>, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802041142/http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/acta/22/znamenski.pdf">Znamenski 2005, Power of Myth, p.45-46</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802041142/http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/acta/22/znamenski.pdf">Znamenski 2005, Power of Myth, p.46 and passim</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802041142/http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/acta/22/znamenski.pdf">Znamenski 2005, Power of Myth</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227134127/https://www.gorno-altaisk.info/news/86562">"Как в СССР Ойрот-хана победили. 70 лет назад Ойрот-Туру переименовали в Горно-Алтайск"</a>. 11 March 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gorno-altaisk.info/news/86562">the original</a> on 2022-02-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8.+70+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gorno-altaisk.info%2Fnews%2F86562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Altai">"Altay"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060424083119/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Altai">Archived</a> 2006-04-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Centre for Russian Studies, <a href="/wiki/NUPI" class="mw-redirect" title="NUPI">NUPI</a>, retrieved 17 October 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20160113172702/http://docs.cntd.ru/document/473315984">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060813093752/http://eng.altai-republic.ru/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=40&page=1">"Altai Republic :: official portal"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Altai+Republic+%3A%3A+official+portal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feng.altai-republic.ru%2Fmodules.php%3Fop%3Dmodload%26name%3DSections%26file%3Dindex%26req%3Dviewarticle%26artid%3D40%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/altaics.shtml">"The Altaics"</a>. <i>www.eki.ee</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Red_Book_of_the_Peoples_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire">The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Őstörténet, vallás és néphagyomány. Vol. I</i> (in Hungarian). Budapest: Molnár Kiadó. pp. 117–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-218-200-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-218-200-1"><bdi>978-963-218-200-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Az+%C5%91sis%C3%A9g+sz%C3%A9ps%C3%A9ge%3A+alt%C3%A1ji+t%C3%B6r%C3%B6k+s%C3%A1m%C3%A1nok+a+szib%C3%A9riai+region%C3%A1lis+gondolkod%C3%A1sban+%281860%E2%80%931920%29&rft.btitle=Csodaszarvas.+%C5%90st%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%2C+vall%C3%A1s+%C3%A9s+n%C3%A9phagyom%C3%A1ny.+Vol.+I&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pages=117-34&rft.pub=Moln%C3%A1r+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-963-218-200-1&rft.aulast=Znamensky&rft.aufirst=Andrei+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2010" class="citation book cs1">West, Barbara A. 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Infobase Publishing. pp. 39–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7"><bdi>978-1-4381-1913-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pages=39-42&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1913-7&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Barbara+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpCiNqFj3MQsC%26q%3Daltai%26pg%3DPA919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2014" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James B. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oZCOAwAAQBAJ&q=aynu+people&pg=PA11"><i>Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 11–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610690188" title="Special:BookSources/9781610690188"><bdi>9781610690188</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+North%2C+East%2C+and+Central+Asia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=11-13&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781610690188&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoZCOAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Daynu%2Bpeople%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2011" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Alan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JOWlD2mzHksC"><i>Russia's Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East, 1581-1991</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84966-025-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84966-025-9"><bdi>978-1-84966-025-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Frozen+Frontier%3A+A+History+of+Siberia+and+the+Russian+Far+East%2C+1581-1991&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84966-025-9&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJOWlD2mzHksC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKos'min2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kos'min, V. 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(2012-02-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276666">"Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>90</b> (2): 229–246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2011.12.014">10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9297">0002-9297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276666">3276666</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22281367">22281367</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+and+Y+Chromosome+Variation+Provides+Evidence+for+a+Recent+Common+Ancestry+between+Native+Americans+and+Indigenous+Altaians&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=229-246&rft.date=2012-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3276666%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0002-9297&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22281367&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2011.12.014&rft.aulast=Dulik&rft.aufirst=Matthew+C.&rft.au=Zhadanov%2C+Sergey+I.&rft.au=Osipova%2C+Ludmila+P.&rft.au=Askapuli%2C+Ayken&rft.au=Gau%2C+Lydia&rft.au=Gokcumen%2C+Omer&rft.au=Rubinstein%2C+Samara&rft.au=Schurr%2C+Theodore+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3276666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavriashina_M._B." class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lavriashina M. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://src-home.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/acta/22/znamenski.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-08-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Slavica+Iaponica&rft.atitle=Power+of+Myth%3A+Popular+ethnonationalism+and+Nationality+Building+in+Mountain+Altai%2C+1904%E2%80%931922&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=44-47&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Znamenski&rft.aufirst=Andrei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsrc-home.slav.hokudai.ac.jp%2Fpublictn%2Facta%2F22%2Fznamenski.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZnamenski2014" class="citation journal cs1">Znamenski, Andrei A. (2014-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emscat.revues.org/2444">"Power for the Powerless: Oirot/Amursana Prophecy in Altai and Western Mongolia, 1890s–1920s"</a>. <i>Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines</i> (45). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Femscat.2444">10.4000/emscat.2444</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0766-5075">0766-5075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+mongoles+et+sib%C3%A9riennes%2C+centrasiatiques+et+tib%C3%A9taines&rft.atitle=Power+for+the+Powerless%3A+Oirot%2FAmursana+Prophecy+in+Altai+and+Western+Mongolia%2C+1890s%E2%80%931920s&rft.issue=45&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Femscat.2444&rft.issn=0766-5075&rft.aulast=Znamenski&rft.aufirst=Andrei+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femscat.revues.org%2F2444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAltai+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><u>Underlined</u>: the 56 <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China#Ethnic_groups_recognized_by_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">recognized ethnic groups</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuanqing_people" title="Chuanqing people">Chuanqing</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_people" title="Longjia people">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_people" title="Waxiang people">Waxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Achang_people" title="Achang people">Achang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jino_people" title="Jino people">Jino</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong" title="Kucong">Kucong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosuo" title="Mosuo">Mosuo</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nakhi_people" title="Nakhi people">Nakhi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nu_people" title="Nu people">Nu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixingmin_people" title="Qixingmin people">Qixingmin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_people" title="Baima people">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrong_people" title="Gyalrong people">Gyalrong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Pumi_people" title="Pumi people">Pumi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_people" title="Mishmi people">Deng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Derung_people" title="Derung people">Derung</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Jingpo</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lhoba_people" title="Lhoba people">Lhoba</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu" title="Bolyu">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Kunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Pakan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Ta'ang</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Vietnamese</a>(<a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Jingzu</a>)</u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Wa_people" title="Wa people">Wa</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_China" title="Filipinos in China">Filipino</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Gaoshan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsuls" title="Utsuls">Utsuls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_people" title="Gejia people">Gejia</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaga_Mongols" title="Abaga Mongols">Abaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaganar" title="Abaganar">Abaganar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aohans" title="Aohans">Aohans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaids" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalaids">Jalaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khishigten" title="Khishigten">Khishigten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Khuuchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muumyangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muumyangan">Muumyangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onnigud" class="mw-redirect" title="Onnigud">Onnigud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bouyei</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_people" title="Buyang people">Buyang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nua</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kam_people" title="Kam people">Dong</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="Gelao people">Gelao</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hlai_people" title="Hlai people">Li</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maonan_people" title="Maonan people">Maonan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mulao_people" title="Mulao people">Mulao</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rau_peoples" title="Rau peoples">Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Sui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_people" title="Yang people">Yang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solon_people" title="Solon people">Solon</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nanai_people" title="Nanai people">Nanai</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_people" title="Oroqen people">Oroqen</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sibe_people" title="Sibe people">Sibes</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Altaians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolan_people" title="Dolan people">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk People">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Kazakh</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Kyrgyz</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Tatar</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Uzbeks</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_China" title="Iranians in China">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_China" title="Nepalis in China">Nepalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daman_people" title="Daman people">Daman</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_China" title="Russians in China">Russians</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Tajiks (Pamiris)</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Chinese" title="African Chinese">African Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese in China">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chaoxianzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoxianzu">Chaoxianzu</a>)</u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_people" title="Nivkh people">Nivkhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">Pakistanis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_nationalism" title="Han nationalism">Han nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">chauvinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_ethnic_nationalism" title="Local ethnic nationalism">Local ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minzu_(anthropology)" title="Minzu (anthropology)">Minzu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">Unrecognized ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_China" title="Immigration to China">Immigrant ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Historic ethnic groups</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_Russia" title="Template:Ethnic groups of Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Russia" title="Ethnic groups in Russia">Ethnic groups in Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_larger_indigenous_peoples_of_Russia" title="List of larger indigenous peoples of Russia">Titular<br />nationalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Adyghe</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bzhedugs" title="Bzhedugs">Bzhedugs</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Natukhajs" title="Natukhajs">Natukhajs</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Shapsugs" title="Shapsugs">Shapsugs</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Altaians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tubalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubalar">Tubalars</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Aukhs" title="Aukhs">Aukhovite Chechens</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_people" title="Chukchi people">Chukchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Cherkess</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Besleney" title="Besleney">Besleney</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ademey" title="Ademey">Ademey</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_larger_indigenous_peoples_of_Russia#Indigenous_peoples_of_Dagestan" title="List of larger indigenous peoples of Russia">Indigenous peoples of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardians" title="Kabardians">Kabardians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelians" title="Karelians">Karelians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koibal_people" title="Koibal people">Koibals</a></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Abugach" title="Abugach">Abugach</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanty" title="Khanty">Khanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_peoples" title="Komi peoples">Komi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Izhma_Komi" title="Izhma Komi">Izhma Komi</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_peoples" title="Komi peoples">Komi-Permyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansi_people" title="Mansi people">Mansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_people" title="Mari people">Mari</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meadow-Eastern_Mari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meadow-Eastern Mari (page does not exist)">Meadow-Eastern Mari</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Лугово-восточные марийцы">ru</a>]</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_Mari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mountain Mari (page does not exist)">Mountain Mari</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Горные марийцы">ru</a>]</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Mari_people" title="Northwestern Mari people">Northwestern Mari</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordvins" title="Mordvins">Mordvins</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mokshas" title="Mokshas">Mokshas</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Erzyas" title="Erzyas">Erzyas</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenets people">Nenets</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Khandeyar" title="Khandeyar">Khandeyar</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Digor_people" title="Digor people">Digors</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Iron_people" title="Iron people">Irons</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Amur-Ussuri_Cossacks" title="Amur-Ussuri Cossacks">Amur-Ussuri Cossacks</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baikal_Cossacks" title="Baikal Cossacks">Baikal Cossacks</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pomors" title="Pomors">Pomors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tozhu_Tuvans" title="Tozhu Tuvans">Tozhu Tuvans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurts" title="Udmurts">Udmurts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(as <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>)</span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan Tatars</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäks</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_indigenous_peoples_of_Russia" title="List of minor indigenous peoples of Russia">Indigenous<br />peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_indigenous_peoples_of_Russia#Far_North" title="List of minor indigenous peoples of Russia">Far North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleuts" title="Aleuts">Aleuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_people" title="Chukchi people">Chukchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvans" title="Chuvans">Chuvans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enets_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Enets people">Enets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itelmens" title="Itelmens">Itelmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchadals" title="Kamchadals">Kamchadals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kereks" title="Kereks">Kereks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ket_people" title="Ket people">Kets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanty" title="Khanty">Khanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryaks" title="Koryaks">Koryaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyutors" title="Alyutors">Alyutors</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Apuka" title="Apuka">Apuka</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Karaga_people" title="Karaga people">Karaga</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansi_people" title="Mansi people">Mansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naukan_people" title="Naukan people">Naukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenets people">Nenets</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Khandeyar" title="Khandeyar">Khandeyar</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nganasan_people" title="Nganasan people">Nganasans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkup_people" title="Selkup people">Selkups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugh_people" title="Yugh people">Yughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukaghir_people" title="Yukaghir people">Yukaghir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Yupik" title="Siberian Yupik">Yupiks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Russia" title="Northwest Russia">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Izhorians" title="Izhorians">Izhorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_peoples" title="Sámi peoples">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setos" title="Setos">Setos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepsians" title="Vepsians">Vepsians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votians" title="Votians">Votians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East#Traditional_ethnic_groups" title="Russian Far East">Far East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evens" title="Evens">Evens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanai_people" title="Nanai people">Nanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negidals" title="Negidals">Negidals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_people" title="Nivkh people">Nivkhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroch_people" title="Oroch people">Orochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orok_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Orok people">Oroks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taz_people" title="Taz people">Taz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udege_people" title="Udege people">Udege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulch_people" title="Ulch people">Ulchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Siberia" title="Indigenous peoples of Siberia">Siberia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamasins" title="Kamasins">Kamasins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Aba_people" title="Aba people">Aba</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baraba_Tatars" title="Baraba Tatars">Baraba Tatars</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Chat_Tatars" title="Chat Tatars">Chat Tatars</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eushta_Tatars" title="Eushta Tatars">Eushta Tatars</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kalmak_Tatars" title="Kalmak Tatars">Kalmak Tatars</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Bukharans" title="Siberian Bukharans">Siberian Bukharans</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Zabolotnie_Tatars" title="Zabolotnie Tatars">Zabolotnie Tatars</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dagestan#Ethnic_groups" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abazins" title="Abazins">Abazins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghul_people" title="Aghul people">Aghuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aukhs" title="Aukhs">Aukhovite Chechens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avars_(Caucasus)" title="Avars (Caucasus)">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhvakh_people" title="Akhvakh people">Akhvakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_people" title="Andi people">Andis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archi_people" title="Archi people">Archis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagvalal_people" title="Bagvalal people">Bagvalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezhta_people" title="Bezhta people">Bezhtas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botlikh_people" title="Botlikh people">Botlikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamalal_people" title="Chamalal people">Chamalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godoberi_people" title="Godoberi people">Godoberi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinukh_people" title="Hinukh people">Hinukhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunzib_people" title="Hunzib people">Hunzibs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karata_people" title="Karata people">Karatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarshi_people" title="Khwarshi people">Khwarshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindi_people" title="Tindi people">Tindis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsez_people" title="Tsez people">Tsez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Russia" title="Azerbaijanis in Russia">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargins" title="Dargins">Dargins</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kaitags" title="Kaitags">Kaitags</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kubachi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubachi people">Kubachins</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Кубачинцы">ru</a>]</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laks_(Caucasus)" title="Laks (Caucasus)">Laks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ak_Nogai" title="Ak Nogai">Ak Nogai</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Karagash" title="Karagash">Karagash</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutul_people" title="Rutul people">Rutuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasaran_people" title="Tabasaran people">Tabasarans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhur_people" title="Tsakhur people">Tsakhurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Indigenous_peoples_of_Russia#Other" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minor Indigenous peoples of Russia">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver_Karelians" title="Tver Karelians">Tver Karelians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ethnic peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghans_in_Russia" title="Afghans in Russia">Afghans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_the_Caucasus" title="Arabs in the Caucasus">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Armenians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Cherkesogai</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Russia" title="Assyrians in Russia">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Russia" title="Azerbaijanis in Russia">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusians_in_Russia" title="Belarusians in Russia">Belarusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubans" title="Cubans">Cubans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_people" title="Dungan people">Dungans</a></li> <li><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa_eestlased" class="extiw" title="et:Venemaa eestlased">Estonians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Setos" title="Setos">Setos</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ingrian_Finns" title="Ingrian Finns">Ingrian Finns</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Finns" title="Murmansk Finns">Murmansk Finns</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Finns" title="Siberian Finns">Siberian Finns</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgians_in_Russia" title="Georgians in Russia">Georgians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ingiloy_people" title="Ingiloy people">Ingiloy</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Svans" title="Svans">Svans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Georgia">Georgian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Germans" title="Russia Germans">Germans</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">Mennonites</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Germans" title="Volga Germans">Volga Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Russia_and_Ukraine" title="Greeks in Russia and Ukraine">Greeks</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Russia" title="Ethnic Chinese in Russia">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemshin_people" title="Hemshin people">Hamshenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_diaspora" title="Hungarian diaspora">Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Russia" title="Indians in Russia">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_Russia" title="Japanese people in Russia">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_Russia" title="Kazakhs in Russia">Kazakhs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Kazakhs" title="Astrakhan Kazakhs">Astrakhan Kazakhs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koreans</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/North_Koreans_in_Russia" title="North Koreans in Russia">North Koreans</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Koreans" title="Sakhalin Koreans">Sakhalin Koreans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Russia" title="Kurds in Russia">Kurds</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6_(%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC)" class="extiw" title="ru:Курмандж (этноним)">Kurmanj</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvians_in_Russia" title="Latvians in Russia">Latvians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Latgalians_(modern)" title="Latgalians (modern)">Latgalians</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians_in_Russia" title="Lithuanians in Russia">Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_diaspora" title="Macedonian diaspora">Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovans_in_Russia" title="Moldovans in Russia">Moldovans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuli#Lyuli_in_Russia" title="Lyuli">Mugat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kola_Norwegians" title="Kola Norwegians">Kola Norwegians</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Russia" title="Iranians in Russia">Persians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_minority_in_Russia" title="Polish minority in Russia">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Ruska Roma</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyns" title="Rusyns">Rusyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Russia" title="Serbs in Russia">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">Swedes</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ural_Swedes" title="Ural Swedes">Ural Swedes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Таджики в России">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Туркмены в России">Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Russia" title="Turks in Russia">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udi_people" title="Udi people">Udis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Russia" title="Ukrainians in Russia">Ukrainians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_Russia" title="Uzbeks in Russia">Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Russia" title="Vietnamese people in Russia">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism_in_Russia" title="Yazidism in Russia">Yazidis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognized peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Russians" title="Afro-Russians">Africans</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians_of_African_descent" title="Abkhazians of African descent">Afro-Abkhazians</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_in_Russia" title="Ainu in Russia">Ainus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Jews" title="Astrakhan Jews">Astrakhan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzava" title="Buzava">Buzava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Greeks" title="Caucasus Greeks">Caucasus Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Crimea" title="Italians of Crimea">Crimean Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Ingrian_Finnish" title="Siberian Ingrian Finnish">Korlaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaratay" title="Qaratay">Qaratay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirenik_Eskimos" title="Sirenik Eskimos">Sireniki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assimilated peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrzhan" title="Agrzhan">Agrzhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asan_people" title="Asan people">Asans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chud" title="Chud">Chud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kott_people" title="Kott people">Kotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muromians" class="mw-redirect" title="Muromians">Muroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merya_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Merya people">Merya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshchera_people" title="Meshchera people">Meshchera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpokol_people" title="Pumpokol people">Pumpokols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Bukharans" title="Siberian Bukharans">Siberian Bukharans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_peoples" title="Template talk:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Azerbaijani communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCres%C3%BCnni" title="Küresünni">Küresünni</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgian Azerbaijanis</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Western Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs" title="Karapapakhs">Karapapakhs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Javanshir_Qizilbash" title="Javanshir Qizilbash">Javanshir Qizilbash</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kazakh communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kyrgyz communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Tajikistan">Tajik Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Kyrgyz" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Kyrgyz">Van Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkmen<sup>1</sup> communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish communities<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Gajal" title="Gajal">Gajal</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tahtac%C4%B1" title="Tahtacı">Tahtacıs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algerian Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgarian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cypriot Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egyptian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Turkmen" title="Israeli Turkmen">Israeli Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Turkmen" title="Lebanese Turkmen">Lebanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libyan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">Macedonian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegrin Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Palestine" title="Turks in Palestine">Palestinian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romanian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic peoples <br /> in Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Chinese Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Chinese Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk people">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tor_Uyghurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Uyghurs">Tor Uyghurs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Crimea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turks" title="Chaharmahali Turks">Chaharmahali Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalajs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turks" title="Khorasani Turks">Khorasani Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Qarai Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Altaians</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koibal_people" title="Koibal people">Koibal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Bukharans" title="Siberian Bukharans">Siberian Bukharans</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tozhu_Tuvans" title="Tozhu Tuvans">Tozhu Tuvans</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Mongolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khotons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukha_people" title="Dukha people">Dukha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic minorities in <br /> Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Timuri" title="Timuri">Timuri</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karategin_Uzbeks" title="Karategin Uzbeks">Karategin Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Europe <br /> <small>(exc. Russia)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria">Bulgarian Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars of Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extinct Turkic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alat_tribe" title="Alat tribe">Alat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az_people" title="Az people">Az</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmyl" title="Basmyl">Basmyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsils" title="Barsils">Barsils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berendei" title="Berendei">Berendei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulaqs" title="Bulaqs">Bulaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chigils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Klobuks" title="Black Klobuks">Black Klobuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolu" title="Duolu">Duolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esegel" title="Esegel">Esegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangly" title="Kangly">Kangly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Sir-K%C4%B1vchak" title="Sir-Kıvchak">Sir-Kıvchak</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurykans" title="Kurykans">Kurykans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutrigurs" title="Kutrigurs">Kutrigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushibi" title="Nushibi">Nushibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkomans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Onogurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saragurs" title="Saragurs">Saragurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">Shatuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhsi" title="Tuhsi">Tuhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tork_people" title="Tork people">Torks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquz_Oghuz" title="Toquz Oghuz">Toquz Oghuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utigurs" title="Utigurs">Utigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueban" title="Yueban">Yueban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagma" title="Yagma">Yagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabaku" title="Yabaku">Yabaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal_people_(West_Asia)" title="Abdal people (West Asia)">Abdals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diasporas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">Crimean Tatar diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_diaspora" title="Kazakh diaspora">Kazakh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><sup>1</sup> Central Asian (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmeni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a>) <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a>, distinct from Levantine (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a>) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. <sup>2</sup> In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> territories).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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