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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Fushata e Skënderbeut në Maqedoni</i></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars_(1432%E2%80%931479)" title="Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479)">Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>August 1462</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Western Macedonia</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Albanian victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg/18px-Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg/27px-Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg/36px-Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">League of Lezhë</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/21px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/32px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/42px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg/18px-Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg/27px-Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg/36px-Coa_Kastrioti_Family.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1st invasion:<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/21px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/32px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/42px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan bey (page does not exist)">Hasan bey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br />2nd invasion:<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/21px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/32px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/42px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isuf_bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isuf bey (page does not exist)">Isuf bey</a><br />3rd invasion:<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/21px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/32px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg/42px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaza_bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaza bey (page does not exist)">Karaza bey</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 8,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1st invasion: Unknown <br /> 2nd invasion: 18,000 <br /> 3rd invasion: 34,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Very heavy losses</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Medieval_Albanian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Medieval_Albanian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Medieval_Albanian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_Albanian–Ottoman_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Early Ottoman invasions and <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">rule</a></b> <small>(1385–1443)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid#Middle_Ages" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a> <small>(1375)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Savra</a> <small>(1385)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <small>(1389)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaka_family#Ottoman_Empire_period" title="Muzaka family">Bayezid I's Campaign</a> <small>(1394)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ohrid_(1395)" title="Siege of Ohrid (1395)">Ohrid</a> <small>(1395)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenevisi_family#Ottoman_period" title="Zenevisi family">Zenevisi War</a> <small>(1414–18)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niketa_Thopia#Life" title="Niketa Thopia">Krujë</a> <small>(1415)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Corona_Musachi#Ottoman_invasion" title="Theodor Corona Musachi">Muzaka War</a> <small>(1415–17)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjon_Kastriot#War_with_the_Ottomans" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjon Kastriot">Kastrioti War</a> <small>(1428–30)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1432%E2%80%9336" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian revolt of 1432–36">Albanian Revolt</a> <small>(1432–36)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Corona_Musachi#Revolt" title="Theodor Corona Musachi">Muzaka Revolt</a> <small>(1437–38)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion#Background" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Arianiti Revolt</a> <small>(1443)</small></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's Rebellion</a></b> <small>(1443–1468)</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion#Early_battles" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Svetigrad</a> <small>(1443)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Torvioll</a> <small>(1444)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(1445)" title="Battle of Mokra (1445)">Mokra</a> <small>(1445)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otonet%C3%AB" title="Battle of Otonetë">Otonetë</a> <small>(1446)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Svetigrad_(1448)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Svetigrad (1448)">Svetigrad</a> <small>(1448)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448)" title="Battle of Oranik (1448)">Oranik</a> <small>(1448)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450)" title="Siege of Krujë (1450)">Krujë</a> <small>(1450)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Mehmed II's first Campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign#Battle_of_Modrič" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Modrica</a> <small>(1452)</small> • <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign#Battle_of_Meçad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Meçad</a> <small>(1452)</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polog" title="Battle of Polog">Pollog</a> <small>(1453)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Berat_(1455)" title="Siege of Berat (1455)">Berat</a> <small>(1455)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1456)" title="Battle of Oranik (1456)">Oranik</a> <small>(1456)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Albulena</a> <small>(1457)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(castle)#During_Skanderbeg's_rebellion" title="Sati (castle)">Sati</a> <small>(1459)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mokra (July 1462)">Mokra</a> <small>(1462)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Macedonian Campaign</a> (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Battle_of_Mokra">Mokra</a> <small>(1462)</small> • <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Battle_of_Pollog">Pollog</a> <small>(1462)</small> • <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Battle_of_Livad">Livad</a> <small>(1462)</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohrid" title="Battle of Ohrid">Ohrid</a> <small>(1464)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vajkal" title="Battle of Vajkal">Vajkal</a> <small>(1465)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Me%C3%A7ad_(1465)" title="Battle of Meçad (1465)">Meçad</a> <small>(1465)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Ballaban's fourth Campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465#Battle_of_Vajkal" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Vajkal</a> <small>(1465)</small> • <a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465#Battle_of_Kashari" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Kashari</a> <small>(1465)</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1466%E2%80%931467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1466–1467)">Krujë</a> <small>(1466–67)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1467)">Krujë</a> <small>(1467)</small></li></ul> <p><i><b>Contemporaneous Campaigns</b></i> <small>(1447–1462)</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Venetian_War" title="Albanian–Venetian War">Venetian War</a> <small>(1447–48)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humoj_family#Struggle_against_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Humoj family">Dukagjini Civil War</a> <small>(1456–57)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Italian_expedition" title="Skanderbeg's Italian expedition">Italian Expedition</a> <small>(1460–62)</small></li></ul> <p><b>Resistance until the Fall of Shkodra</b> <small>(1468–1479)</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himar%C3%AB#History" title="Himarë">Himarë</a> <small>(1473–79)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra_(1474)" title="Siege of Shkodra (1474)">Shkodra</a> <small>(1474)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1478)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Krujë (1478)">Krujë</a> <small>(1477–78)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">Shkodra</a> <small>(1478–79)</small></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Albania" title="List of wars involving Albania">Wars involving Albania</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Fushata e Skënderbeut në Maqedoni</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Preemptive_war" title="Preemptive war">preemptive campaign</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a> to defeat three Ottoman armies which had been prepared for the joint-invasion of <a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">Albania</a>. From 1461 to 1462, Skanderbeg campaigned in Italy to protect his ally, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Naples" title="Ferdinand I of Naples">Ferdinand I</a>, from being overrun by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois-Anjou" title="House of Valois-Anjou">Angevin dynasty</a> which claimed the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>. Before setting out for Italy, Skanderbeg forged a truce with Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>. Upon returning to Albania after securing Ferdinand, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> became hostile to Skanderbeg and a sort of undeclared war took place. Mehmed saw an opportunity to attack Skanderbeg and sent three armies in one year. All three were defeated by Skanderbeg, however, in August 1462. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_the_Magnanimous" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso the Magnanimous">Alfonso the Magnanimous</a> died, Skanderbeg established cordial relations with Venice. He ceded the fortress of Sati in 1459 that he had conquered it from the Ottomans. The reconciliation reached the point where Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius II">Pius II</a> suggested entrusting Skanderbeg's dominions during his Italian expedition, where his swift cavalry tactics managed to defeat the Angevin incursions on several occasions. He was successful enough to entrust the reconquest of Naples to Ferdinand, his ally, and thus returned to Albania. Once it became clear that Skanderbeg had found a new protector, the Venetians became hostile. Trade between the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">League of Lezhë</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Albania_Veneta" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania Veneta">Albania Veneta</a> was cut off. Mehmed II saw an opportunity to finally crush Skanderbeg and sent several armies into Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-Noli65_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noli65-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mehmed successes in the East prompted him to launch a new campaign against Skanderbeg. He prepared by sending 23,000 cavalry under Sinan bey near Albania. Upon learning this, Skanderbeg gathered 8,000 men to march against Sinan. Skanderbeg figured out what route Sinan would take so he chose to encamp in a mountain overlooking the path, near Mokra, marching there by night before the Ottomans. On 7 July 1462, the Ottomans neared and Skanderbeg ordered his men to make loud noises by using their drums and battlehorns and they soon launched a powerful attack. Disorder engulfed the Ottoman ranks and many were cut down. The Albanians gathered rich booty and traveled back to Albania heavy-laden.<sup id="cite_ref-Franco_328_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franco_328-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Mokra">Battle of Mokra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle of Mokra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sultan, upon hearing of the debacle, dispatched three armies to Albania. Skanderbeg, upon learning of the sultan's plans, immediately marched into Macedonia. A large force under Hasan bey set out to march into Albania through the same pass as Sinan a month before, unaware that Skanderbeg was ready to meet him. While the Ottomans were idle, Skanderbeg ordered the enemy guards to be killed and a full-scale battle soon ensued. Most of the Ottoman soldiers were killed and Hasan himself was wounded by an arrow piercing through his right arm. Despite the fact that most of his army was annihilated and that it was late at night, he took some of his most loyal soldiers up into a more secure place. Skanderbeg came to understand this the next morning and immediately set off to find him. Out of desperation, Hasan came out unarmed and surrendered to Skanderbeg asking for mercy.<sup id="cite_ref-Franco_329_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franco_329-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Pollog">Battle of Pollog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle of Pollog"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Hasan's army had been destroyed, Isuf bey went to defeat Skanderbeg and avenge his colleague. With the sultan's permission, he marched out with 18,000 troops to <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Uskub</a>. From there, he marched onto Pollog near <a href="/wiki/Tetovo" title="Tetovo">Tetovo</a>. Isuf's fate was similar to Hasan's: Skanderbeg attacked and annihilated Isuf's force but the pasha fled, leaving his army behind to be reduced.<sup id="cite_ref-Franco_329_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franco_329-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Livad">Battle of Livad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle of Livad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karaza bey, another of the sultan's commanders, was lured into Albania for hope of attaining glory, despite his old age. Karaza had served with Skanderbeg in Anatolia where they subdued the sultan's rebellious subjects. Karaza was a consummate commander, having fulfilled many important tasks for the sultan. The sultan yielded 30,000 cavalry to Karaza who soon marched to Albania. Unlike his two compatriots before him, Karaza chose to march through Lower Dibra and not Upper Dibra, passing by <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a>. In the meantime, a scouting force of 4,000 was drawn out ahead of the main army to gather information on the Albanian positions. But the majority of this force was destroyed. The pasha, upon hearing of the disaster, threw a fit of anger less due to his troops being killed than his plans being foiled. Karaza devised a stratagem by which to trick Skanderbeg: he sent several envoys to Skanderbeg condemning his "pusillanimity" and calling on him to fight on the open field instead of hiding in the woods. Skanderbeg knew that Karaza would not respect this promise if he accepted it and sent the envoys back. Karaza then began to conciliate with the native people but Skanderbeg—always being well-informed—immediately ordered an attack on the Ottoman camp. The attack was so fierce that few knew what was happening and chaos ensued. However, Skanderbeg was not able to achieve his goal of annihilation (due to the heavy winds and pouring rain) but he was still able to do much damage to the Ottoman forces. Karaza immediately escaped with much of his army and traveled to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, where he was pardoned by the sultan for succeeding in preventing the annihilation of his force which the previous commanders fell victim to.<sup id="cite_ref-Franco_329_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franco_329-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skanderbeg had won a remarkable victory over a combined force of over 48,000 men by defeating it in three parts. This was the first time that he would win three battles in one month. In summer 1463, a huge<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="vague (January 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> army under the sultan's personal command gathered near Uskub, but it was to march into <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a>. In the assembly of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">League of Lezhë</a>, Tanush Thopia made urgent requests to establish peace. Skanderbeg refused, but he was outvoted.<sup id="cite_ref-Noli65_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noli65-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Peace of Uskub was concluded on April 27, 1463, largely out a fear of a resurgent Albanian campaign like the year before. Skanderbeg did not intend to maintain the peace and told Pius that he would march against the Ottomans whenever the latter ordered him to.<sup id="cite_ref-Noli66_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noli66-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Franco330_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franco330-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Venetians grew worried after the Peace and soon set out trying to reconcile with <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a>. On August 20, 1463, an alliance against the Ottoman Empire was concluded between the two. The terms of the alliance were that: Venetian contingents and subsidies to be given to <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a> to help in his future wars against the Ottomans; the amount of subsidy would be determined by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ten" title="Council of Ten">Grand Council</a> and the Abbot of Rotezo and not by the Venetian proveditors in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>; Venetian ships and auxiliary ships were to be present in Albanian waters to protect the population; if Venice concluded peace with Ottoman Empire, Albania was to be included; Skanderbeg's son became a Venetian nobleman; Skanderbeg would be given refuge in Venetian territory in case he was driven out of Albania; his pension arrears would be paid by Venice and not by its proveditors.<sup id="cite_ref-Noli66_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noli66-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, the Pope ordered his crusade to begin and hostilities between Albania-Venice and the Ottomans would resume. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Noli65-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Noli65_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noli65_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Noli p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franco_328-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franco_328_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franco p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franco_329-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Franco_329_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franco_329_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franco_329_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Franco p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noli66-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Noli66_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noli66_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Noli p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franco330-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franco330_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franco p. 330.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrancione2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Francione, Gennaro (2006) [2003]. Aliaj, Donika (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bksh.al/adlib/scripts/wwwopac.exe?DATABASE=books&OPAC_URL=/adlib/expert/index_al.html&LANGUAGE=1&%250=33427&LIMIT=50"><i>Skënderbeu, një hero modern: (Hero multimedial)</i></a> [<i>Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)</i>] (in Albanian). Translated by Tasim Aliaj. <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tiranë, Albania</a>: Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99927-38-75-8" title="Special:BookSources/99927-38-75-8"><bdi>99927-38-75-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sk%C3%ABnderbeu%2C+nj%C3%AB+hero+modern%3A+%28Hero+multimedial%29&rft.place=Tiran%C3%AB%2C+Albania&rft.pub=Sht%C3%ABpia+botuese+%22Naim+Frash%C3%ABri%22&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=99927-38-75-8&rft.aulast=Francione&rft.aufirst=Gennaro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bksh.al%2Fadlib%2Fscripts%2Fwwwopac.exe%3FDATABASE%3Dbooks%26OPAC_URL%3D%2Fadlib%2Fexpert%2Findex_al.html%26LANGUAGE%3D1%26%25250%3D33427%26LIMIT%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASkanderbeg%27s+Macedonian+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kulturserver-hamburg.de/home/shkodra/phoenix_05/phoenix_05_art11.html">Franco, Demetrio</a>. <i>Comentario de le cose de' Turchi, et del S. Georgio Scanderbeg, principe d' Epyr</i>. Venice: Altobello Salkato, 1480.</li> <li>Noli, Fan. <i>George Castroiti Scanderbeg (1405-1468)</i>. New York: International Universities Press, 1947.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&oldid=1255844112">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign&oldid=1255844112</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Warfare_by_Skanderbeg" title="Category:Warfare by Skanderbeg">Warfare by Skanderbeg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1462" title="Category:Conflicts in 1462">Conflicts in 1462</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1462_in_Europe" title="Category:1462 in Europe">1462 in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1462_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:1462 in the Ottoman Empire">1462 in the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Albania" title="Category:Battles involving Albania">Battles involving Albania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_Mehmed_the_Conqueror" title="Category:Battles of Mehmed the Conqueror">Battles of Mehmed the Conqueror</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_October_2011" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from October 2011">Articles lacking reliable references from October 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Albanian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Albanian-language text">Articles containing Albanian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_January_2018" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2018">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Albanian-language_sources_(sq)" title="Category:CS1 Albanian-language sources (sq)">CS1 Albanian-language sources (sq)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 23:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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