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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Modern usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valide_Hatun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valide_Hatun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Valide Hatun</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Valide_Hatun-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Valide Hatun subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Valide_Hatun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_valide_hatuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_valide_hatuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>List of valide hatuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_valide_hatuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Given_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Given_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Given name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Given_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="خاتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خاتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xatun" title="Xatun – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xatun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8" title="খাতুন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খাতুন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_(%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD)" title="Ҡатын (хатун) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡатын (хатун)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Хатун – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хатун" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khatun" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1t%C3%BAn" title="Chátún – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chátún" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD" title="Χατούν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χατούν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Khatun" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4atun" title="Ĥatun – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥatun" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khatun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="خاتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatan" title="Khatan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khatan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%88%B0_(%EC%B9%AD%ED%98%B8)" title="카툰 (칭호) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카툰 (칭호)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="ख़ातून – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़ातून" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Khatun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatoun" title="Khatoun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Khatoun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Қатын – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қатын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Катун – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Катун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хатан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хатан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Khatun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%B3" title="ハトゥン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハトゥン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xotun" title="Xotun – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xotun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="خاتون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خاتون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Хатун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хатун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatun" title="Hatun – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hatun" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88" title="خاتوو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خاتوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Khatun" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கதுன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கதுன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Хотун – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хотун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatun" title="Hatun – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hatun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Хатун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хатун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="خاتون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خاتون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%E1%BA%A3_%C4%91%C3%B4n" title="Khả đôn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khả đôn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%95%A6" title="可敦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="可敦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">khə-<span style="font-size:90%">TOON</span></i></a>) is a title of the female counterpart to a <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Turkic Khaganates</a> and in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_history">Etymology and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the advent of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Central_Asia" title="Islam in Central Asia">Islam in Central Asia</a>, Khatun was the title of the queen of <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>, "Khatun [is] a title of <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a> origin borne by the wives and female relatives of the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a> and subsequent Turkish rulers."<sup id="cite_ref-FM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Bruno De Nicola in <i>Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206–1335</i>, the linguistic origins of the term "khatun" are unknown, though possibly of Old Turkic or Sogdian origin. De Nicola states that prior to the spread of the Mongols across Central Asia, Khatun meant 'lady' or 'noblewoman' and is found in broad usage in medieval Persian and Arabic texts.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Benjamin_Golden" title="Peter Benjamin Golden">Peter Benjamin Golden</a> observed that the title <i>qatun</i> appeared among the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a> as the title for the <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a>'s wife and was borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a> <i>xwāten</i> "wife of the ruler"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier, British <a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">Orientalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Clauson" title="Gerard Clauson">Gerard Clauson</a> (1891–1974) defined <i>xa:tun</i> as "'lady' and the like" and says there is "no reasonable doubt that it is taken from Sogdian <i>xwt'yn</i> (<i>xwatēn</i>), in Sogdian <i>xwt'y</i> ('lord, ruler') and <i>xwt'yn</i> 'lord's or ruler's wife'), "which is precisely the meaning of <i>xa:tun</i> in the early period."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a>, the language spoken in modern-day Bukhara, in <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, the word is spelled <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uz:xotin" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:uz:xotin">xotin</a></i> and has come to simply refer to any woman. In <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, it is written <i><a href="/wiki/Hatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatun">hatun</a>.</i> The general Turkish word for 'woman', <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kad%C4%B1n" class="extiw" title="wikt:kadın">kadın</a></i>, is a <a href="/wiki/Doublet_(linguistics)" title="Doublet (linguistics)">doublet</a> derived from the same origin.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Khatun" title="Sara Khatun">Sara Khatun</a>, mother of <a href="/wiki/Uzun_Hasan" title="Uzun Hasan">Uzun Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutlu%C4%9F_S%C3%A4b%C3%A4g_Qatun" title="Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun">Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun</a>, queen regent of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rte" title="Börte">Börte</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6regene_Khatun" title="Töregene Khatun">Töregene Khatun</a> (d. 1246), wife of <a href="/wiki/Ogedei_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogedei Khan">Ogedei Khan</a>, regent of the Mongol Empire from 1241 to 1246</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebuskun" title="Ebuskun">Ebuskun</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Mutukan" title="Mutukan">Mutukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boraqchin_(Tatar)" title="Boraqchin (Tatar)">Boraqchin</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Batu_Khan" title="Batu Khan">Batu khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghul_Qaimish" title="Oghul Qaimish">Oghul Qaimish</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Guyuk_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyuk Khan">Guyuk Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabi" title="Chabi">Chabi</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doquz_Khatun" title="Doquz Khatun">Doquz Khatun</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurju_Khatun" title="Gurju Khatun">Gurju Khatun</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_II" title="Kaykhusraw II">Kaykhusraw II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buluqhan_Khatun" title="Buluqhan Khatun">Buluqhan Khatun</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Abaqa_Khan" title="Abaqa Khan">Abaqa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokejin_khatun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokejin khatun (page does not exist)">Kokejin</a>/Bairam egchi, wife of <a href="/wiki/Zhenjin" title="Zhenjin">Zhenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulugan" title="Bulugan">Bulugan</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Temur_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Temur Khan">Temur Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagi_Khatun" title="Dagi Khatun">Dagi khatun</a>, wife of Darmabala</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radnashiri" title="Radnashiri">Radnashiri</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Ayurbarwada_Buyantu_Khan" title="Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan">Ayurbarwada khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despina_Khatun" title="Despina Khatun">Despina Khatun</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Uzun_Hasan" title="Uzun Hasan">Uzun Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samur_Gunj" title="Samur Gunj">Samur Khatun</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Elbeg_Nig%C3%BCles%C3%BCgchi_Khan" title="Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan">Elbeg</a> khan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukhai_Khatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandukhai Khatun">Mandukhai Khatun</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Dayan_Khan" title="Dayan Khan">Dayan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erket%C3%BC_Qatun" title="Erketü Qatun">Erketü Qatun</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Altan_Khan" title="Altan Khan">Altan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syeda_Momena_Khatun" title="Syeda Momena Khatun">Syeda Momena Khatun</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ghiyasuddin_Mahmud_Shah" title="Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah">Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anu" title="Queen Anu">Anu Khatun</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Sengge" title="Sengge">Sengge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galdan_Boshugtu_Khan" title="Galdan Boshugtu Khan">Galdan Boshugtu Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momine_Khatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Momine Khatun">Momine Khatun</a>, mother of <a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jahan_Pahlavan" title="Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan">Jahan Pahlavan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Momine_Khatun_Mausoleum" title="Momine Khatun Mausoleum">mausoleum in Nakhichevan</a> was built by Jahan Pahlavan in honor of her.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabia_Bala_Hatun" title="Rabia Bala Hatun">Rabia Bala Hatun</a> (died 1324), wife of <a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Sultan Osman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C3%A7i%C3%A7ek_Hatun" title="Gülçiçek Hatun">Gülçiçek Hatun</a> (fl. 14th century), wife of Sultan Murad I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Hatun" title="Devlet Hatun">Devlet Hatun</a> (died 1411), wife of <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Sultan Bayezid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClfem_Hatun" title="Gülfem Hatun">Gülfem Hatun</a> (died 1561/1562), consort of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canfeda_Hatun" title="Canfeda Hatun">Canfeda Hatun</a> (died 1600) was a lady-in-waiting to Nurbanu Sultan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eemsiruhsar_Hatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Şemsiruhsar Hatun">Şemsiruhsar Hatun</a> (died 1613), consort of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melike_Mama_Hatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Melike Mama Hatun">Melike Mama Hatun</a> Saltukid female ruler (reigned between 1191 and 1200)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nene_Hatun" title="Nene Hatun">Nene Hatun</a> (1857–1955), Turkish folk heroine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halime_Hatun" title="Halime Hatun">Halime Hatun</a> (?–c.1281), the wife of <a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul" title="Ertuğrul">Ertugrul Ghazi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Valide_Hatun">Valide Hatun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Valide Hatun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valide Hatun was the title held by the "legal mother" of a ruling Sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> before the 16th century. </p><p>By the beginning of the 16th century, the title hatun for sultan's mother, princesses, and sultan's main consort was replaced by "<a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a>" and they started to carry it after their given names. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the title valide hatun also turned into <a href="/wiki/Valide_sultan" title="Valide sultan">valide sultan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_valide_hatuns">List of valide hatuns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of valide hatuns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Valide_hatuns" title="Category:Valide hatuns">Category:Valide hatuns</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Maiden name </th> <th>Origin </th> <th>Consort </th> <th>Became <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">valide</i></span> </th> <th>Ceased to be <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">valide</i></span> </th> <th>Death </th> <th>Sultan </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Nil%C3%BCfer_Hatun" title="Nilüfer Hatun">Nilüfer Hatun</a><span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">نیلوفر خاتون</span></span> </td> <td align="center">unknown </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan I</a> </td> <td align="center">March 1362 <p>son's ascension </p> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">1363 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a> (son) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C3%A7i%C3%A7ek_Hatun" title="Gülçiçek Hatun">Gülçiçek Hatun</a><span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">كلچیچك خاتون</span></span> </td> <td align="center">Maria </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a> </td> <td align="center">16 June 1389 <p>son's ascension </p> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1400</span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a> (son) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Hatun" title="Devlet Hatun">Devlet Hatun</a><span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">دولت خاتون</span></span> </td> <td align="center">unknown </td> <td align="center">unknown </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a> </td> <td align="center">5 July 1413 <p><i>son's ascension</i> </p> </td> <td align="center">26 May 1421 <p><i>son's death</i> </p> </td> <td>1422 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a> (son) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Emine_Hatun" title="Emine Hatun">Emine Hatun</a><span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">امینہ خاتون</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Emine </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Dulkadirid </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a> </td> <td align="center">26 May 1421 <p><i>son's ascension</i> </p><p><span style="font-size:85%;">(first tenure)</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">August 1444 <p><span style="font-size:85%;">(first tenure)</span> </p> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a>(son) </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 1446 <p><i>son's reinstatement</i> </p><p><span style="font-size:85%;">(second tenure)</span> </p> </td> <td colspan="2">1449 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCma_Hatun" title="Hüma Hatun">Hüma Hatun</a><br /><span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">هما خاتون</span></span> </td> <td align="center">Stella or Esther </td> <td>disputed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a> </td> <td align="center">August 1444 <p><i>son's first ascension</i> </p> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">September 1446 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> (son) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mara_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Mara Branković">Mara Despina Hatun</a> </td> <td align="center">Mara </td> <td>Serbian </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a> </td> <td align="center">1457 <p><i>Her return to Ottoman's court on Mehmed's invite</i> </p> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">3 May 1481 <p><i>Mehmed's death</i> </p> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> (stepson) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClbahar_Hatun_(mother_of_Bayezid_II)" title="Gülbahar Hatun (mother of Bayezid II)">Gülbahar Hatun</a> <p><span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">گل بھار مکرمه خاتون</span></span> </p> </td> <td>unknown </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> o <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albanian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> </td> <td align="center">3 May 1481 <p><i>son's ascension</i> </p> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">1492 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a> (son) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Given_name">Given name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Given name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fe_Hatun_%C3%96nal" title="Ayşe Hatun Önal">Ayşe Hatun Önal</a>, Turkish model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatun_S%C3%BCr%C3%BCc%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatun Sürücü">Hatun Sürücü</a>, German murder victim</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatun_Sapnara" title="Khatun Sapnara">Khatun Sapnara</a>, Bangladeshi-born British judge</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanum" title="Khanum">Khanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum" title="Begum">Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begzada" title="Begzada">Begzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_khatuns" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mongol khatuns">List of Mongol khatuns</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Turkic language">Old Turkic</a>: <span lang="otk" dir="rtl">𐰴𐰍𐰣</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Old Turkic-language romanization"><i lang="otk-Latn">katun</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota" dir="rtl">خاتون</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ottoman_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ottoman Turkish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ottoman Turkish-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">hatun</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a>: <i lang="uz">xotun</i>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:خاتون">خاتون</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">xâtun</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>: <span lang="tg">хотун</span>; <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <span lang="mn">хатун/<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl">خاتون</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Urdu">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Urdu-language romanization"><i lang="ur-Latn">xatun</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: <span lang="hi">ख़ातून</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Hindi">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hindi-language romanization"><i lang="hi-Latn">khātūn</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">খাতুন</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bengali" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Bengali">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Bengali-language romanization"><i lang="bn-Latn">khatun</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a>: <span style="font-family:Surma;font-size:18px;">ꠈꠣꠔꠥꠘ</span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hatun#Turkish" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hatun">hatun</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">xatun</i>; <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>: <span lang="pa">ਖਾਤੂਨ <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>)</span>, <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خاتون</span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a>)</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FM_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMernissi,_Fatima1993" class="citation book cs1">Mernissi, Fatima (1993). <i>The Forgotten Queens of Islam</i>. University of Minnesota Press. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forgotten+Queens+of+Islam&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Mernissi%2C+Fatima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhatun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_Nicola2017" class="citation book cs1">De Nicola, Bruno (2017). <i>Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206-1335</i>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781474415477" title="Special:BookSources/9781474415477"><bdi>9781474415477</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Mongol+Iran%3A+The+Khatuns%2C+1206-1335&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781474415477&rft.aulast=De+Nicola&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhatun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Benjamin_Golden" title="Peter Benjamin Golden">Peter Benjamin Golden</a> (1998), "Turks and Iranians: An historical sketch" <i>in</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohansonCsató2015" class="citation book cs1">Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Ágnes (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rre5CAAAQBAJ"><i>The Turkic Languages</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-82534-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-82534-7"><bdi>978-1-136-82534-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turkic+Languages&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-136-82534-7&rft.aulast=Johanson&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft.au=Csat%C3%B3%2C+%C3%89va+%C3%81gnes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drre5CAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhatun" class="Z3988"></span>, page 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClauson,_Gerard1972" class="citation book cs1">Clauson, Gerard (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/etymologicaldict0000clau"><i>An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish</i></a></span>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/etymologicaldict0000clau/page/602">602–603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-864112-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-864112-4"><bdi>978-0-19-864112-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Etymological+Dictionary+of+Pre-Thirteenth-Century+Turkish&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=602-603&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-19-864112-4&rft.au=Clauson%2C+Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fetymologicaldict0000clau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhatun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clauson, p. 602.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeirce1993" class="citation book cs1">Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). <i>The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-507673-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-507673-7"><bdi>0-19-507673-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Harem%3A+Women+and+Sovereignty+in+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Inc&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-19-507673-7&rft.aulast=Peirce&rft.aufirst=Leslie+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhatun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Works cited</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClausonRóna-Tas1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Clauson" title="Gerard Clauson">Clauson, Gerard</a>; <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_R%C3%B3na-Tas" title="András Róna-Tas">Róna-Tas, András</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FjBkAAAAMAAJ"><i>An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-thirteenth-century Turkish. Index</i></a>. Universitas Szegediensis de Attila Jószef Nominata.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Etymological+Dictionary+of+Pre-thirteenth-century+Turkish.+Index&rft.pub=Universitas+Szegediensis+de+Attila+J%C3%B3szef+Nominata&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Clauson&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft.au=R%C3%B3na-Tas%2C+Andr%C3%A1s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFjBkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhatun" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatun&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoyle1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Boyle, J.A. (1978). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/khatun-SIM_4242?s.num=2&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=timurid">"K̲h̲ātūn"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume IV:<i> Iran–Kha</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/758278456">758278456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=K%CC%B2h%CC%B2%C4%81t%C5%ABn&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+IV%3A+Iran%E2%80%93Kha&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758278456&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fkhatun-SIM_4242%3Fs.num%3D2%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2%26s.q%3Dtimurid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhatun" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mongol_Empire50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mongol_Empire" title="Template:Mongol Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mongol_Empire" title="Template talk:Mongol Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mongol_Empire50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Terminology50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Terminology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanum" title="Khanum">Khanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinong" title="Jinong">Jinong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khong_Tayiji" title="Khong Tayiji">Khong Tayiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyan" title="Noyan">Noyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarkhan" title="Tarkhan">Tarkhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Political</li><li>Military</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarlig" title="Jarlig">Jarlig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(route)" title="Yam (route)">Örtöö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orda_(organization)" title="Orda (organization)">Orda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pax_Mongolica" title="Pax Mongolica">Pax Mongolica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassa" title="Yassa">Yassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurultai" title="Kurultai">Kurultai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiza" title="Paiza">Paiza / Gerege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manghud" title="Manghud">Manghit / Mangudai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen_(unit)" title="Tumen (unit)">Tümen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheshig" title="Kheshig">Kheshig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darughachi" title="Darughachi">Darughachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="PoliticsOrganizationLife50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politics</li><li>Organization</li><li>Life</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_and_vassals_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Political divisions and vassals of the Mongol Empire">Administrative divisions and vassals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_(banner)" title="Tug (banner)">Banner/Bunchuk/Tug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">Invasions and conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_under_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Destruction under the Mongol Empire">Destructiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_the_Mongols" title="Imperial Seal of the Mongols">Imperial Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Military of the Mongol Empire">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Religion in the Mongol Empire">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Society of the Mongol Empire">Society and economy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">House of Borjigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%96gedei" title="House of Ögedei">House of Ögedei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Armenia" title="Mongol Armenia">Mongol Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Mongol_Alliance" title="Byzantine–Mongol Alliance">Byzantine–Mongol Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Mongol_alliance" title="Franco-Mongol alliance">Franco-Mongol alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles_of_the_Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe">Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_of_the_Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">Khanates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Northern Yuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%96gedei" title="House of Ögedei">House of Ögedei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wings_of_the_Golden_Horde" title="Wings of the Golden Horde">Wings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarga" title="Avarga">Avarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azov" title="Azov">Azov (Azaq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolghar" title="Bolghar">Bolghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Dadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majar_(Golden_Horde)" title="Majar (Golden Horde)">Majar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarshi" title="Qarshi">Qarshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarai_(city)" title="Sarai (city)">Sarai Batu/Berke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saray-J%C3%BCk" title="Saray-Jük">Saray-Jük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdu" title="Shangdu">Shangdu (Xanadu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltaniyeh" title="Soltaniyeh">Soltaniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukek" title="Ukek">Ukek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xacitarxan" title="Xacitarxan">Xacitarxan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="CampaignsBattles50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asia61" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_campaigns_in_Siberia" title="Mongol campaigns in Siberia">Siberia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1207-1308)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Sakhalin" title="Mongol invasions of Sakhalin">Sakhalin <span style="font-size:85%;">(1264–1308)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Qara_Khitai" title="Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai <span style="font-size:85%;">(1216–18)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(1219–1221)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Persia_and_Mesopotamia" title="Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia">Persia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1219–1256)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests#East_Asia" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Western_Xia" title="Mongol conquest of Western Xia"><span class="wrap">Western Xia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1205 / 1207 / 1209–10 / 1225–27)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">Northern China <span style="font-size:85%;">(1211–34)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Korea" title="Mongol invasions of Korea">Korea <span style="font-size:85%;">(1231–60)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty">Southern China <span style="font-size:85%;">(1235–79)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Tibet" title="Mongol invasions of Tibet"><span class="wrap">Tibet <span style="font-size:85%;">(1236 / 1240 / 1252)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China#Conquest_of_Yunnan" title="Mongol conquest of China">Yunnan <span style="font-size:85%;">(1253–56)</span></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Japan <span style="font-size:85%;">(1274 / 1281)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests#Southeast_Asian_and_Korean_vassals" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Burma" title="First Mongol invasion of Burma"><span class="wrap">Burma <span style="font-size:85%;">(1277 / 1283 / 1287)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Java" title="Mongol invasion of Java">Java <span style="font-size:85%;">(1293)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Vietnam" title="Mongol invasions of Vietnam">Vietnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(1257 / 1284–88)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Burma" title="Second Mongol invasion of Burma">Burma <span style="font-size:85%;">(1300–02)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_India" title="Mongol invasions of India">India <span style="font-size:85%;">(1221–1327)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia"><span class="wrap">Georgia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1220–22 / 1226–31 / 1237–64)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Circassia" title="Mongol invasion of Circassia">Circassia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1237–1300s)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Durdzuketi" title="Mongol invasions of Durdzuketi">Chechnya <span style="font-size:85%;">(1237–1300s)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Volga_Bulgaria" title="Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria <span style="font-size:85%;">(1229–36)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongol_invasion_of_Alania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongol invasion of Alania (page does not exist)">Alania <span style="font-size:85%;">(1238–1239)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus' <span style="font-size:85%;">(1223 / 1236–40)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="First Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland and Bohemia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1240–41)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="First Mongol invasion of Hungary">Hungary <span style="font-size:85%;">(1241–42)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_incursions_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(1241–42)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Bulgaria_and_Serbia" title="Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia">Serbia and Bulgaria <span style="font-size:85%;">(1242)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Latin_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Latin Empire">Latin Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(1242)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Lithuania" title="Mongol invasions of Lithuania">Lithuania <span style="font-size:85%;">(1258–59)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland <span style="font-size:85%;">(1259–60)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Byzantine_Thrace" title="Mongol invasion of Byzantine Thrace">Thrace <span style="font-size:85%;">(1264–65)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="Second Mongol invasion of Hungary">Hungary <span style="font-size:85%;">(1285–86)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland <span style="font-size:85%;">(1287–88)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Serbia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1291)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Anatolia" title="Mongol conquest of Anatolia">Anatolia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1241–43)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_campaign_against_the_Nizaris" title="Mongol campaign against the Nizaris">Alamut <span style="font-size:85%;">(1253–1256)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad" title="Siege of Baghdad">Baghdad <span style="font-size:85%;">(1258)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_the_Levant" title="Mongol invasions of the Levant">Syria <span style="font-size:85%;">(1260–1323)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_raids_into_Palestine" title="Mongol raids into Palestine">Palestine <span style="font-size:85%;">(1260 / 1301)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Division of the Mongol Empire">Division of the Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluid_Civil_War" title="Toluid Civil War">Toluid Civil War <span style="font-size:85%;">(1260–64)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berke%E2%80%93Hulagu_war" title="Berke–Hulagu war">Berke–Hulagu war <span style="font-size:85%;">(1262)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidu%E2%80%93Kublai_war" title="Kaidu–Kublai war">Kaidu–Kublai war <span style="font-size:85%;">(1268–1301)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa%E2%80%93Ayurbarwada_war" title="Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war">Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war <span style="font-size:85%;">(1314–1318)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">Great Khans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolui <span style="font-size:85%;">(regent)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6regene_Khatun" title="Töregene Khatun">Töregene Khatun <span style="font-size:85%;">(regent)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Khan" title="Güyük Khan">Güyük Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghul_Qaimish" title="Oghul Qaimish">Oghul Qaimish <span style="font-size:85%;">(regent)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Yuan_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Yuan emperors">Khagans of the Yuan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Khans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Khan" title="Batu Khan">Batu Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartaq_Khan" title="Sartaq Khan">Sartaq Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orda_Khan" title="Orda Khan">Orda Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berke" title="Berke">Berke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toqta" title="Toqta">Toqta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zbeg_Khan" title="Özbeg Khan">Özbeg Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulegu_Khan" title="Hulegu Khan">Hulegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaqa_Khan" title="Abaqa Khan">Abaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arghun" title="Arghun">Arghun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazan" title="Ghazan">Ghazan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subutai" title="Subutai">Subutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebe" title="Jebe">Jebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqali" title="Muqali">Muqali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negudar" title="Negudar">Negudar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%27orchu" title="Bo'orchu">Bo'orchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Kan" title="Guo Kan">Guo Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boroqul" title="Boroqul">Boroqul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelme" title="Jelme">Jelme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khubilai_Noyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khubilai Noyon (page does not exist)">Khubilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aju" title="Aju">Aju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_of_the_Baarin" title="Bayan of the Baarin">Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadan" title="Kadan">Kadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boroldai" title="Boroldai">Boroldai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_Khan" title="Nogai Khan">Nogai Khan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Timeline of the Mongol Empire">Timeline of the Mongol Empire</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northern_Yuan_(1368–1635)31" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_Yuan_dynasty" title="Template:Northern Yuan dynasty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northern_Yuan_dynasty" title="Template talk:Northern Yuan dynasty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northern_Yuan_dynasty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northern Yuan dynasty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northern_Yuan_(1368–1635)31" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Northern Yuan</a> (1368–1635)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Political organization</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northern_Yuan_khans" title="List of Northern Yuan khans">List of Khans</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Independent khans</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Six Tumen <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Four_Oirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Oirat">Four Oirat</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Notable cities</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Titles</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <p><b>Three Eastern Tumens</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahar</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a><br /> <b>Three Western Tumens</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols#Yunshebu_Tümen" title="Kharchin Mongols">Yunshebu Tümen</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Choros_(clan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choros (clan)">Choros</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6rbet_Oirat" title="Dörbet Oirat">Dörbet Oirat</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Yingchang" title="Yingchang">Yingchang</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khatun</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Taishi</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Jinong" title="Jinong">Jinong</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Khong_Tayiji" title="Khong Tayiji">Khong Tayiji</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Noyan" title="Noyan">Noyan</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tarkhan" title="Tarkhan">Tarkhan</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Grand_chancellor_(China)" title="Grand chancellor (China)">Councellor</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Wang</a><br /> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Unified</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Toghon_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Toghon Temür">Ukhaantu Khan Toghun-Temur</a> (1368–1370) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Biligt%C3%BC_Khan_Ayushiridara" title="Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara">Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara</a> (1370–1378) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Uskhal_Khan_T%C3%B6g%C3%BCs_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür">Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür</a> (1378–1388) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Jorightu_Khan_Yes%C3%BCder" title="Jorightu Khan Yesüder">Jorightu Khan Yesüder</a> (1388–1391) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Engke_Khan" title="Engke Khan">Engke Khan</a> (1391–1394) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Elbeg_Nig%C3%BCles%C3%BCgchi_Khan" title="Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan">Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan</a> (1394–1399) <br /> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCn_Tem%C3%BCr_Khan" title="Gün Temür Khan">Gün Temür Khan</a> (1399–1402) <br /> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96r%C3%BCg_Tem%C3%BCr_Khan" title="Örüg Temür Khan">Örüg Temür Khan</a> Gulichi (1402–1408) <br /> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ljei_Tem%C3%BCr_Khan" title="Öljei Temür Khan">Öljei Temür Khan</a> Bunyashiri (1403–1412) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Delbeg_Khan" title="Delbeg Khan">Delbeg Khan</a> (1411–1415) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Oyiradai" title="Oyiradai">Oyiradai Khan</a> (1415–1425) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Adai_Khan" title="Adai Khan">Adai Khan</a> (1425–1438) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Taisun_Khan" title="Taisun Khan">Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha</a> (1433–1452) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Agbarjin" title="Agbarjin">Agbarjin</a> (1453) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Esen_Taishi" title="Esen Taishi">Esen Taishi</a> (1453–1454) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mark%C3%B6rgis_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Markörgis Khan">Markörgis Khan</a> (Ükegtü) (1454–1465) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Molon_Khan" title="Molon Khan">Molon Khan</a> (1465–1466) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Manduul_Khan" title="Manduul Khan">Manduul Khan</a> (1475–1479) <br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dayan_Khan" title="Dayan Khan">Dayan Khan</a> (1480–1516) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bars_Bolud_Jinong" title="Bars Bolud Jinong">Bars Bolud Jinong</a> (deputy) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bodi_Alagh_Khan" title="Bodi Alagh Khan">Bodi Alagh Khan</a> (1516–1547) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Daraisung_Guden_Khan" title="Daraisung Guden Khan">Darayisung Gödeng Khan</a> (1547–1557) <br /> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmen_Zasagt_Khan" title="Tümen Zasagt Khan">Tümen Jasaghtu Khan</a> (1557–1592) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Buyan_Sechen_Khan" title="Buyan Sechen Khan">Buyan Sechen Khan</a> (1592–1604) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ligdan_Khan" title="Ligdan Khan">Ligdan Khan</a> (1604–1634) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ejei_Khan" title="Ejei Khan">Ejei Khan</a> (1634–1635) </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCsheet_Khan" title="Tüsheet Khan">Tüsheet</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Jasagtu</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Sechen</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Khotogoid" title="Khotogoid">Khotogoid</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Altan_Khan" title="Altan Khan">Altan Khan</a> (1521–1582) <br /> Sengge Düüreng Khan (1583–1585) <br /> Namudai Sechen Khan (1586–1607) <br /> Boshugtu Khung Taiji (1608–1636) <br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p>Barsu-Bolod (d. 1521) <br /> Mergen Jinong (d. 1542) <br /> Noyandara Jinong (1543–1572) <br /> Buyan Baatur Taiji (1573–1576) <br /> Boshugtu Jinong (1577–1624) <br /> Erinchen Jinong (1624–1636) <br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abtai_Sain_Khan" title="Abtai Sain Khan">Abtai Sain Khan</a> (1567–1588) <br /> Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?) <br /> Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655) <br /> Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698) <br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p>Laikhur Khan <br /> Subandai Khan <br /> Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)<br /> Chambun Khan (1670?–)<br /> Zenggün <br /> Shara (d. 1687)<br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p>Soloi Maqasamadi Sechen Khan (1577–1652) <br /> Baba Sechen Khan (1653–?)<br /> Sechen Khan (d. 1686)<br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ubasi_Khong_Tayiji" title="Ubasi Khong Tayiji">Ubasi Khong Tayiji</a> (c.1609–1623)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Badma_Erdeni_Khong_Tayiji" title="Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji">Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji</a> (1623–1652)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Erinchin_Lobsang_Tayiji" title="Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji">Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji</a> (1652–1667)<br /> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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