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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Achievements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Achievements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law_of_definite_proportions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_of_definite_proportions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Law of definite proportions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_of_definite_proportions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemical_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Chemical notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery_of_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery_of_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Discovery of elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_of_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_chemical_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_chemical_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>New chemical terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_chemical_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biology_and_organic_chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biology_and_organic_chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Biology and organic chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biology_and_organic_chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vitalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vitalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Vitalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vitalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_other_scientists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_other_scientists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Relations with other scientists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_other_scientists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Honors and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="يونس ياكوب بيرسيليوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يونس ياكوب بيرسيليوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yens_Yakov_Bertselius" title="Yens Yakov Bertselius – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yens Yakov Bertselius" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="یاکوب برسلیوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاکوب برسلیوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="জনস জ্যাকব বার্জেলিয়াস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জনস জ্যাকব বার্জেলিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ёнс Якаб Берцэліус – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёнс Якаб Берцэліус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Йонс Берцелиус – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йонс Берцелиус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jacob Berzelius – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jacob Berzelius – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Γιενς Γιάκομπ Μπερζέλιους – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιενς Γιάκομπ Μπερζέλιους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="یاکوب برسلیوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یاکوب برسلیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%8C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%B8%8C_%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EC%85%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="옌스 야코브 베르셀리우스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="옌스 야코브 베르셀리우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BD_%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%A2_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Իյոնս Յակոբ Բերցելիուս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իյոնս Յակոբ Բերցելիուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="जोंस बर्जिलियस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोंस बर्जिलियस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="ינס יאקוב ברצליוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ינס יאקוב ברצליוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೋನ್ಸ್ ಬೆರ್ಜೆಲಿಯಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೋನ್ಸ್ ಬೆರ್ಜೆಲಿಯಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="იენს იაკობ ბერცელიუსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იენს იაკობ ბერცელიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Йенс Яков Берцелиус – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Йенс Яков Берцелиус" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenss_J%C4%81kobs_Berc%C4%93liuss" title="Jenss Jākobs Bercēliuss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jenss Jākobs Bercēliuss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Јакоб Берцелиус – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јакоб Берцелиус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോൺസ് ജേക്കബ് ബെർസിലിയസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോൺസ് ജേക്കബ് ബെർസിലിയസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="जोन्स जेकब बर्झेलियस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जोन्स जेकब बर्झेलियस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="იენს იაკობ ბერცელიუსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იენს იაკობ ბერცელიუსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="يونس ياكوب بيرسيليوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يونس ياكوب بيرسيليوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%98%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ယန်စ် ယာကော့ဘ် ဘာရှဲလီယော့စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယန်စ် ယာကော့ဘ် ဘာရှဲလီယော့စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="イェンス・ベルセリウス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イェンス・ベルセリウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8" title="ਜਾਨਸ ਜੈਕਬਬ ਬਰਜ਼ਲੀਅਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਾਨਸ ਜੈਕਬਬ ਬਰਜ਼ਲੀਅਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%99%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Берцелиус, Йёнс Якоб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Берцелиус, Йёнс Якоб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Bercelijus" title="Jakob Bercelijus – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jakob Bercelijus" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jacob Berzelius – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA" title="เยินส์ ยาคอบ แบร์ซีเลียส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เยินส์ ยาคอบ แบร์ซีเลียส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Йёнс Якоб Берселиус – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Йёнс Якоб Берселиус" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" 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Berzelius – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%9E%E6%9F%B3%E6%96%AF" title="约恩斯·贝尔塞柳斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约恩斯·贝尔塞柳斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swedish chemist (1779–1848)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Berzelius" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Berzelius_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Berzelius (disambiguation)">Berzelius (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jakob Berzelius</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg/220px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg/330px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg/440px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1413" data-file-height="1960" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1779-08-20</span>)</span>20 August 1779<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Väversunda, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Östergötland">Östergötland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 August 1848<span style="display:none">(1848-08-07)</span> (aged 68)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Swedish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allotropy" title="Allotropy">Allotropy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Atomic_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic weight">Atomic weights</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bead_test" title="Bead test">Bead test</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical notation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">Catalysis</a><br />Discovery of <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Cerium</a><br />Discovery of <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a><br /> Discovery of <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Silicon</a><br />Discovery of <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a><br />Isolation of <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Test_tube" title="Test tube">Test tube</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Beaker_(laboratory_equipment)" title="Beaker (laboratory equipment)">Berzelius beaker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite_for_Sciences_and_Arts" title="List of recipients of the Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts">Pour le Mérite</a> (1842) <br /><a href="/wiki/Copley_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Copley medal">Copley medal</a> (1836)<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_A,_B,_C" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society A, B, C">ForMemRS</a> (1813)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karolinska_Institute" title="Karolinska Institute">Karolinska Institute</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Afzelius" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Afzelius">Johann Afzelius</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Finlay_Weir_Johnston" title="James Finlay Weir Johnston">James Finlay Weir Johnston</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rose" title="Heinrich Rose">Heinrich Rose</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a><br /> (Seat No. 5)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 December 1837 – 7 August 1848</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Rosenstein" title="Carl von Rosenstein">Carl von Rosenstein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johan_Erik_Rydqvist" title="Johan Erik Rydqvist">Johan Erik Rydqvist</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> <b>Jöns Jacob Berzelius</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Swedish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">[jœns<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈjɑ̌ːkɔb<span class="wrap"> </span>bæˈʂěːlɪɵs]</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848) was a Swedish chemist. In general, he is considered the last person to know the whole field of chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berzelius is considered, along with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a>, to be one of the founders of modern <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berzelius became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a> in 1808 and served from 1818 as its principal functionary. He is known in Sweden as the "Father of Swedish Chemistry". During his lifetime he did not customarily use his first given name, and was universally known simply as Jacob Berzelius.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Berzelius began his career as a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>, his enduring contributions were in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Electrochemistry" title="Electrochemistry">electrochemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_bonding" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical bonding">chemical bonding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stoichiometry" title="Stoichiometry">stoichiometry</a>. In particular, he is noted for his determination of atomic weights and his experiments that led to a more complete understanding of the principles of stoichiometry, which is the branch of chemistry pertaining to the quantitative relationships between elements in chemical compounds and chemical reactions and that these occur in definite proportions. This understanding came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_constant_proportions" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of constant proportions">"Law of Constant Proportions"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SHI2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHI2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berzelius was a strict <a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">empiricist</a>, expecting that any new theory must be consistent with the sum of contemporary chemical knowledge. He developed improved methods of chemical analysis, which were required to develop the basic data in support of his work on stoichiometry. He investigated <a href="/wiki/Isomerism" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomerism">isomerism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allotropy" title="Allotropy">allotropy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalysis</a>, phenomena that owe their names to him.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berzelius was among the first to articulate the differences between <a href="/wiki/Inorganic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Inorganic compounds">inorganic compounds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic compounds">organic compounds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WOC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNT_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNT-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the many minerals and elements he studied, he is credited with discovering <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a>, and with being the first to isolate <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a>. Following on his interest in <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a>, Berzelius synthesized and chemically characterized new compounds of these and other elements. </p><p>Berzelius demonstrated the use of an <a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_cell" title="Electrochemical cell">electrochemical cell</a> to decompose certain chemical compounds into pairs of electrically opposite constituents. From this research, he articulated a theory that came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_dualism" title="Electrochemical dualism">electrochemical dualism</a>, contending that chemical compounds are oxide salts, bonded together by <a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_interactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrostatic interactions">electrostatic interactions</a>. This theory, while useful in some contexts, came to be seen as insufficient.<sup id="cite_ref-SHI2017_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHI2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berzelius's work with <a href="/wiki/Atomic_weights" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic weights">atomic weights</a> and his theory of electrochemical dualism led to his development of a modern system of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula notation</a> that showed the composition of any compound both qualitatively and quantitatively. His system abbreviated the Latin names of the elements with one or two letters and applied <a href="/wiki/Superscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Superscripts">superscripts</a> to designate the number of atoms of each element present in the compound. Later, chemists changed to use of subscripts rather than superscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-SHI2017_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHI2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berzelius was born in the parish of Väversunda in <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Östergötland">Östergötland</a> in Sweden. His father Samuel Berzelius was a school teacher in the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a>, and his mother Elizabeth Dorothea Sjösteen was a homemaker.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents were both from families of church pastors. Berzelius lost both his parents at an early age. His father died in 1779, after which his mother married a pastor named Anders Eckmarck, who gave Berzelius a basic education including knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">natural world</a>. Following the death of his mother in 1787, relatives in Linköping took care of him. There he attended the school today known as <a href="/wiki/Katedralskolan_(Link%C3%B6ping)" class="mw-redirect" title="Katedralskolan (Linköping)">Katedralskolan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FamousSci_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FamousSci-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a teenager, he took a position as a tutor at a farm near his home, during which time he became interested in collecting flowers and insects and their <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">classification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berzelius later enrolled as a <a href="/wiki/Medical_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical student">medical student</a> at <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a>, from 1796 to 1801. <a href="/wiki/Anders_Gustaf_Ekeberg" title="Anders Gustaf Ekeberg">Anders Gustaf Ekeberg</a>, the discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a>, taught him chemistry during this time. He worked as an apprentice in a pharmacy, during which time he also learned practical matters in the laboratory such as glassblowing.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his own during his studies, he successfully repeated the experimentation conducted by Swedish chemist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl William Scheele</a> which led to Scheele's discovery of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FamousSci_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FamousSci-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also worked with a physician in the <a href="/wiki/Medevi" title="Medevi">Medevi</a> mineral springs. During this time, he conducted an analysis of the water from this source. Additionally as part of his studies, in 1800, Berzelius learned about <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Voltaic_pile" title="Voltaic pile">electric pile</a>, the first device that could provide a constant electric current (i.e., the first battery). He constructed a similar battery for himself, consisting of alternating disks of copper and zinc, and this was his initial work in the field of electrochemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-SHI2017_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHI2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As thesis research in his medical studies, he examined the influence of <a href="/wiki/Galvanic_current" class="mw-redirect" title="Galvanic current">galvanic current</a> on several diseases. This line of experimentation produced no clear-cut evidence for such influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berzelius graduated as a medical doctor in 1802. He worked as a physician near Stockholm until the chemist and mine-owner <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hisinger" title="Wilhelm Hisinger">Wilhelm Hisinger</a> recognized his abilities as an <a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Analytical chemist">analytical chemist</a> and provided him with a laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-UNT_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNT-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1807, Berzelius was appointed professor in chemistry and pharmacy at the <a href="/wiki/Karolinska_Institute" title="Karolinska Institute">Karolinska Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SHI2017_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHI2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1808 and 1836, Berzelius worked together with <a href="/wiki/Anna_Sundstr%C3%B6m" title="Anna Sundström">Anna Sundström</a>, who acted as his assistant and was the first female chemist in Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1808, he was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a>. At this time, the Academy had been stagnating for several years, since the era of <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romanticism</a> in Sweden had led to less interest in the sciences. In 1818, Berzelius was elected the Academy's secretary and held the post until 1848. During Berzelius' <a href="/wiki/Tenure_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenure (academic)">tenure</a>, he is credited with revitalising the Academy and bringing it into a second golden era (the first being the astronomer <a href="/wiki/Pehr_Wilhelm_Wargentin" title="Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin">Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin</a>'s period as secretary from 1749 to 1783).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1822.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1827, he became correspondent of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Institute</a> of the Netherlands, and in 1830 associate member.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1837, he was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a>, on chair number 5. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperance_movement">Temperance movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Temperance movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Berzelius was active in the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a>. Along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bengt_Franc-Sparre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bengt Franc-Sparre (page does not exist)">Bengt Franc-Sparre</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengt_Franc-Sparre" class="extiw" title="sv:Bengt Franc-Sparre">sv</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=August_von_Hartmansdorff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August von Hartmansdorff (page does not exist)">August von Hartmansdorff</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_von_Hartmansdorff" class="extiw" title="sv:August von Hartmansdorff">sv</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Anders_Retzius" title="Anders Retzius">Anders Retzius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Owen_(engineer)" title="Samuel Owen (engineer)">Samuel Owen</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Scott_(missionary)" title="George Scott (missionary)">George Scott</a>, and others, he was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Svenska_S%C3%A4llskapet_f%C3%B6r_Nykterhet_och_Folkuppfostran" class="mw-redirect" title="Svenska Sällskapet för Nykterhet och Folkuppfostran">Svenska nykterhetssällskapet</a> (the Swedish Temperance Society) in 1837 and its first chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berzelius wrote the foreword to one of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_af_Ekenstam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl af Ekenstam (page does not exist)">Carl af Ekenstam's</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_af_Ekenstam" class="extiw" title="sv:Carl af Ekenstam">sv</a>]</span> works on the topic, of which 50,000 copies were printed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berzelius_Reseanteckningar_1903_frontespis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Berzelius_Reseanteckningar_1903_frontespis.png/220px-Berzelius_Reseanteckningar_1903_frontespis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Berzelius_Reseanteckningar_1903_frontespis.png/330px-Berzelius_Reseanteckningar_1903_frontespis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Berzelius_Reseanteckningar_1903_frontespis.png/440px-Berzelius_Reseanteckningar_1903_frontespis.png 2x" data-file-width="1864" data-file-height="2453" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of Berzelius (published 1903)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through much of his life, Berzelius suffered various medical ailments. These included recurrent <a href="/wiki/Migraine_headaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Migraine headaches">migraine headaches</a> and then later on he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>. He also had episodes of <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1818, Berzelius had a <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">nervous breakdown</a>, said to be due to the stress of his work.<sup id="cite_ref-FamousSci_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FamousSci-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medical advice he received was to travel and take vacation. However, during this time, Berzelius traveled to France to work in the chemical laboratories of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Louis_Berthollet" title="Claude Louis Berthollet">Claude Louis Berthollet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1835, at the age of 56, he married Elizabeth Poppius, the 24-year-old daughter of a Swedish cabinet minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died on 7 August 1848 at his home in Stockholm, where he had lived since 1806.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried in the Solna Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-FamousSci_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FamousSci-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.png/220px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.png/330px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.png 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by Olof Johan Södermark (1790–1848). Print Artist: Charles W. Sharpe, d. 1875(76)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achievements">Achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_of_definite_proportions">Law of definite proportions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Law of definite proportions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_daguerreotype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_daguerreotype.jpg/220px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_daguerreotype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_daguerreotype.jpg/330px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_daguerreotype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_daguerreotype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a> of Berzelius.</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after arriving in Stockholm, Berzelius wrote a chemistry textbook for his medical students, <i>Lärbok i Kemien</i>, which was his first significant scientific publication. He had conducted experimentation, in preparation for writing this textbook, on the compositions of inorganic compounds, which was his earliest work on definite proportions.<sup id="cite_ref-SHI2017_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHI2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1813–4, he submitted a lengthy essay (published in five separate articles) on the proportions of elements in compounds. The essay commenced with a general description,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> introduced his new symbolism, and examined all the known elements.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The essay ended with a table of the "specific weights" (relative atomic masses) of the elements, where <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> was set to 100, and a selection of compounds written in his new formalism.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work provided evidence in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic theory">atomic theory</a> proposed by <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a>: that inorganic chemical compounds are composed of atoms of different elements combined in <a href="/wiki/Whole_number_rule" title="Whole number rule">whole number amounts</a>. In discovering that atomic weights are not integer multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen, Berzelius also disproved <a href="/wiki/Prout%27s_hypothesis" title="Prout's hypothesis">Prout's hypothesis</a> that elements are built up from atoms of hydrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-Heilbron2003_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heilbron2003-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 682–683">: 682–683 </span></sup> Berzelius's last revised version of his atomic weight tables was first published in a German translation of his <i>Textbook of Chemistry</i> in 1826.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_notation">Chemical notation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chemical notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to aid his experiments, he developed a system of chemical notation in which the elements composing any particular chemical compound were given simple written labels—such as O for oxygen, or Fe for <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>—with their proportions in the chemical compound denoted by numbers. Berzelius thus invented the system of chemical notation still used today, the main difference being that instead of the subscript numbers used today (e.g., H<sub>2</sub>O or Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), Berzelius used superscripts (H<sup>2</sup>O or Fe<sup>2</sup>O<sup>3</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerzelius1814aVol_III,_pp_51–52_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerzelius1814aVol_III,_pp_51–52-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery_of_elements">Discovery of elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Discovery of elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berzelius is credited with discovering the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a> <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> and with being the first to isolate <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a>. Berzelius discovered <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> in 1803<sup id="cite_ref-Cerium_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cerium-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> in 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-selenium_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selenium-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berzelius also discovered how to isolate <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> in 1824,<sup id="cite_ref-Silicon_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silicon-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a> in 1824.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorium_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorium-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nature1948_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature1948-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students working in Berzelius's laboratory also discovered <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">lanthanum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CUNY_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CUNY-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berzelius discovered amorphous silicon by repeating an experiment performed by Gay-Lussac and Thénard in which they reacted <a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetrafluoride" title="Silicon tetrafluoride">silicon tetrafluoride</a> with potassium metal which produced very impure silicon. In a variation of this experiment Berzelius heated <a href="/wiki/Potassium_fluorosilicate" title="Potassium fluorosilicate">potassium fluorosilicate</a> with potassium. It produced potassium silicide which he then stirred with water to produce relatively pure silicon powder. Berzelius recognized this powder as the new element of silicon, which he called silicium,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a name proposed earlier by <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Davy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilton_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilton-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berzelius was the first to isolate <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> in 1824, but pure zirconium was not produced until 1925, by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Eduard_van_Arkel" title="Anton Eduard van Arkel">Anton Eduard van Arkel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hendrik_de_Boer" title="Jan Hendrik de Boer">Jan Hendrik de Boer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zirconium_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zirconium-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_chemical_terms">New chemical terms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New chemical terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%A4rbok_i_kemien_(vol._I-III).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/L%C3%A4rbok_i_kemien_%28vol._I-III%29.jpg/220px-L%C3%A4rbok_i_kemien_%28vol._I-III%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/L%C3%A4rbok_i_kemien_%28vol._I-III%29.jpg/330px-L%C3%A4rbok_i_kemien_%28vol._I-III%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/L%C3%A4rbok_i_kemien_%28vol._I-III%29.jpg/440px-L%C3%A4rbok_i_kemien_%28vol._I-III%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Volumes I-III of <i>Lärbok i kemien</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Berzelius is credited with originating the chemical terms "<a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalysis</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a>," "<a href="/wiki/Isomer" title="Isomer">isomer</a>," "<a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Allotropy" title="Allotropy">allotrope</a>," although his original definitions in some cases differ significantly from modern usage.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an example, he coined the term "polymer" in 1833 to describe organic compounds which shared identical <a href="/wiki/Empirical_formula" title="Empirical formula">empirical formulas</a> but which differed in overall molecular weight, the larger of the compounds being described as "polymers" of the smallest.<sup id="cite_ref-JChemEd_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JChemEd-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time the concept of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_structure" title="Chemical structure">chemical structure</a> had not yet been developed so that he considered only the numbers of atoms of each element. In this way, he viewed for example <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a> (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) as a polymer of <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a> (CH<sub>2</sub>O), even though we now know that glucose is not a polymer of the <a href="/wiki/Monomer" title="Monomer">monomer</a> formaldehyde.<sup id="cite_ref-Percec_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Percec-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biology_and_organic_chemistry">Biology and organic chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Biology and organic chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berzelius was the first person to make the distinction between organic compounds (those containing carbon), and inorganic compounds. In particular, he advised <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Johannes_Mulder" title="Gerardus Johannes Mulder">Gerardus Johannes Mulder</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Elemental_analysis" title="Elemental analysis">elemental analyses</a> of organic compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a>. The term <i>protein</i> itself was coined by Berzelius, in 1838, after Mulder observed that all proteins seemed to have the same <a href="/wiki/Empirical_formula" title="Empirical formula">empirical formula</a> and came to the erroneous conclusion that they might be composed of a single type of very large <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a>. The term is derived from the Greek, meaning "of the first rank", and Berzelius proposed the name because proteins were so fundamental to living organisms.<sup id="cite_ref-Protein_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protein-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1808, Berzelius discovered that <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">lactic acid</a> occurs in muscle tissue, not just in milk. </p><p>The term <a href="/wiki/Biliverdin" title="Biliverdin">biliverdin</a> was coined by Berzelius in 1840, although he preferred "bilifulvin" (yellow/red) over "bilirubin" (red).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vitalism">Vitalism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Vitalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%A4rbok_i_organiska_kemien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/L%C3%A4rbok_i_organiska_kemien.jpg/160px-L%C3%A4rbok_i_organiska_kemien.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/L%C3%A4rbok_i_organiska_kemien.jpg/240px-L%C3%A4rbok_i_organiska_kemien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/L%C3%A4rbok_i_organiska_kemien.jpg/320px-L%C3%A4rbok_i_organiska_kemien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>Volumes 4-6 of <i>Lärbok i kemien</i>, titled <i>Lärbok i organiska kemien</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Berzelius stated in 1810 that living things work by some mysterious "vital force",<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a hypothesis called <a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">vitalism</a>. Vitalism had first been proposed by prior researchers, although Berzelius contended that compounds could be distinguished by whether they required any organisms in their <a href="/wiki/Biosynthesis" title="Biosynthesis">synthesis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Organic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic compounds">organic compounds</a>) or whether they did not (<a href="/wiki/Inorganic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Inorganic compounds">inorganic compounds</a>). However, in 1828, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a> accidentally obtained <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a>, an organic compound, by heating <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_cyanate" title="Ammonium cyanate">ammonium cyanate</a>. This showed that an organic compound such as urea could be prepared synthetically and not exclusively by living organisms. Berzelius corresponded with Wöhler on the urea synthesis findings. However, the notion of vitalism continued to persist, until further work on abiotic synthesis of organic compounds provided substantial evidence against vitalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Vitalism_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vitalism-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rocke_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocke-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=10960569"><i>Berzelius und Liebig: Ihre Briefe von 1831 - 1845</i></a> (in German). München: Lehmann. 1893.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berzelius+und+Liebig%3A+Ihre+Briefe+von+1831+-+1845&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=Lehmann&rft.date=1893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D10960569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=10972644"><i>Letters of Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Christian Friedrich Schönbein</i></a>. London: Williams & Norgate. 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+of+J%C3%B6ns+Jakob+Berzelius+and+Christian+Friedrich+Sch%C3%B6nbein&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Williams+%26+Norgate&rft.date=1900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D10972644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=3917101"><i>Selbstbiographische Aufzeichnungen</i></a> (in German). Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth. 1903.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selbstbiographische+Aufzeichnungen&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Johann+Ambrosius+Barth&rft.date=1903&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D3917101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1668O33395J5H.322504&profile=rev-all&source=~!horizon&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100006~!44240~!0&ri=32&aspect=subtab232&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=L%C3%A4rbok+i+Kemien&index=.GW&uindex=&aspect=subtab232&menu=search&ri=32">Lärbok i kemien</a> (in Swedish). Stockholm, Nordström, 1808-1830.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1668O33395J5H.322504&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-all&ri=26&source=%7E%21horizon&index=.GW&term=Tabell%2C+som+utvisar+vigten&x=8&y=8&aspect=power">Tabell, som utvisar vigten af större delen vid den oorganiska Kemiens studium märkvärdiga enkla och sammansatta kroppars atomer, jemte deras sammansättning, räknad i procent</a> (in Swedish). Stockholm : H.A. Nordström, 1818.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berzelius-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Figures in an 1818 copy of Berzelius' "Tabell, som utvisar vigten af större delen vid den oorganiska Kemiens studium"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Berzelius-4.jpg/220px-Berzelius-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Berzelius-4.jpg/330px-Berzelius-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Berzelius-4.jpg/440px-Berzelius-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5895" data-file-height="3548" /></a><figcaption>Figures in an 1818 copy of Berzelius' "Tabell, som utvisar vigten af större delen vid den oorganiska Kemiens studium"</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_other_scientists">Relations with other scientists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Relations with other scientists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berzelius,_J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_%E2%80%93_Letters_of_J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius_and_Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein,_1900_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10972644.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Berzelius%2C_J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_%E2%80%93_Letters_of_J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius_and_Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein%2C_1900_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10972644.jpg/220px-Berzelius%2C_J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_%E2%80%93_Letters_of_J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius_and_Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein%2C_1900_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10972644.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Berzelius%2C_J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_%E2%80%93_Letters_of_J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius_and_Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein%2C_1900_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10972644.jpg/330px-Berzelius%2C_J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_%E2%80%93_Letters_of_J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius_and_Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein%2C_1900_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10972644.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Berzelius%2C_J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_%E2%80%93_Letters_of_J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius_and_Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein%2C_1900_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10972644.jpg/440px-Berzelius%2C_J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_%E2%80%93_Letters_of_J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius_and_Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein%2C_1900_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10972644.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2124" data-file-height="3450" /></a><figcaption><i>The Letters of Jöns Jakob Berzelius and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein" title="Christian Friedrich Schönbein">Christian Friedrich Schönbein</a> 1836 1847</i>, London 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>Berzelius was a prolific correspondent with leading scientists of his time, such as <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Johannes_Mulder" title="Gerardus Johannes Mulder">Gerardus Johannes Mulder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Louis_Berthollet" title="Claude Louis Berthollet">Claude Louis Berthollet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eilhard_Mitscherlich" title="Eilhard Mitscherlich">Eilhard Mitscherlich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein" title="Christian Friedrich Schönbein">Christian Friedrich Schönbein</a>. </p><p>In 1812, Berzelius traveled to London, England, including <a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich, England">Greenwich</a> to meet with prominent British scientists of the time. These included Humphry Davy, chemist <a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">William Wollaston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physician-scientist" title="Physician-scientist">physician-scientist</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(scientist)" title="Thomas Young (scientist)">Thomas Young</a>, astronomer <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, chemist <a href="/wiki/Smithson_Tennant" title="Smithson Tennant">Smithson Tennant</a>, and inventor <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a>, among others. Berzelius also visited Davy's laboratory. After his visit to Davy's laboratory, Berzelius remarked, "A tidy laboratory is a sign of a lazy chemist."<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphry Davy in 1810 proposed that chlorine is an element. Berzelius rejected this claim because of his belief that all acids were based on oxygen. Since chlorine forms a strong acid (muriatic acid, modern HCl), chlorine must contain oxygen and thus cannot be an element. However, in 1812, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Courtois" title="Bernard Courtois">Bernard Courtois</a> proved that iodine is an element. Then in 1816 <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Gay-Lussac" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac">Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac</a> demonstrated that prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide) contains only hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen, and no oxygen. These findings persuaded Berzelius that not all acids contain oxygen, and that Davy and Gay-Lussac were correct: chlorine and iodine are indeed elements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_recognition">Honors and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Honors and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berzelius_statue_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Berzelius_statue_jeh.jpg/220px-Berzelius_statue_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Berzelius_statue_jeh.jpg/330px-Berzelius_statue_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Berzelius_statue_jeh.jpg/440px-Berzelius_statue_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Berzelius in the center of <a href="/wiki/Berzelii_Park" title="Berzelii Park">Berzelii Park</a>, Stockholm</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1818 Berzelius was <a href="/wiki/Ennoblement" title="Ennoblement">ennobled</a> by King <a href="/wiki/Carl_XIV_Johan" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl XIV Johan">Carl XIV Johan</a>. In 1835, he received the title of <a href="/wiki/Friherre" class="mw-redirect" title="Friherre">friherre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1820 he was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society of London">Royal Society of London</a> gave Berzelius the <a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> in 1836 with the citation "For his systematic application of the doctrine of definite proportions to the analysis of mineral bodies, as contained in his Nouveau Systeme de Mineralogie, and in other of his works."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1840, Berzelius was named Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1842, he received the honor <a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a> for Sciences and Arts.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berzelianite,_Calcite-361052.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Berzelianite%2C_Calcite-361052.jpg/220px-Berzelianite%2C_Calcite-361052.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Berzelianite%2C_Calcite-361052.jpg/330px-Berzelianite%2C_Calcite-361052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Berzelianite%2C_Calcite-361052.jpg/440px-Berzelianite%2C_Calcite-361052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>Berzelianite included in calcite from the Skrikerum mine in Sweden</figcaption></figure> <p>The mineral <a href="/wiki/Berzelianite" title="Berzelianite">berzelianite</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Copper_selenide" title="Copper selenide">copper selenide</a>, was discovered in 1850 and named after him by <a href="/wiki/James_Dwight_Dana" title="James Dwight Dana">James Dwight Dana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mindat_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1852, Stockholm, Sweden, built a <a href="/wiki/Berzelii_Park" title="Berzelii Park">public park and statue</a>, both to honor Berzelius. <a href="/wiki/Berzeliusskolan" title="Berzeliusskolan">Berzeliusskolan</a>, a school situated next to his <a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a>, Katedralskolan, is named for him. In 1890, a fairly prominent street in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a> was named Berzeliigatan (Berzelii street) in his honour. </p><p>In 1898, the Swedish Academy of Sciences opened the Berzelius Museum in honor of Berzelius. The holdings of the museum included many items from his laboratory. The museum was opened on the occasion of fiftieth anniversary of Berzelius's death. Invitees at the ceremony marking the occasion included scientific dignitaries from eleven European nations and the United States, many of whom gave formal addresses in honor of Berzelius.<sup id="cite_ref-UCPress_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCPress-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Berzelius Museum was later moved to the observatory that is part of the Swedish Academy of Sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-UNT_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNT-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939 his portrait appeared on a series of <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">postage stamps commemorating</a> the bicentenary of the founding of the Swedish Academy of Sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-Stamps_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stamps-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Sweden, Grenada likewise honored him.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Berzelius_(secret_society)" title="Berzelius (secret society)">Berzelius secret society</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> is named in his honor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_(laboratory_equipment)#Construction_and_use" title="Beaker (laboratory equipment)">Berzelius beaker</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=Y89oLVQfqqY"><i>KI:s grundare Jöns Jacob Berzelius</i></a> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Karolinska_Institute" title="Karolinska Institute">Karolinska Institute</a>. 9 September 2013. Event occurs at 00:42. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/Y89oLVQfqqY">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KI%3As+grundare+J%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius&rft.pub=Karolinska+Institute&rft.date=2013-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DY89oLVQfqqY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAliabadiSoboyejoSusmel2023" class="citation book cs1">Aliabadi, Mohammad H.; Soboyejo, Wole; Susmel, Luca, eds. (2023). <i>Structural integrity assessment: examples and case studies</i>. Comprehensive structural integrity / editors in chief: Ferri M.H. Aliabadi, Winston Soboyejo (Second ed.). 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Science History Institute. June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sciencehistory.org&rft.atitle=J%C3%B6ns+Jakob+Berzelius&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fhistorical-profile%2Fjons-jakob-berzelius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelhado2023" class="citation web cs1">Melhado, Evan M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldofchemicals.com&rft.atitle=Jons+Jacob+Berzelius+%E2%80%93+discoverer+of+thorium%26cerium+elements&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldofchemicals.com%2F477%2Fchemistry-articles%2Fjons-jacob-berzelius-discoverer-of-thoriumcerium-elements.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNT-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNT_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNT_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNT_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshallMarshall" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, James L.; Marshall, Virginia R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.unt.edu/~jimm/REDISCOVERY%207-09-2018/Hexagon%20Articles/Berzelius.pdf">"Rediscovery of the Elements: Jöns Jacob Berzelius"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>chem.unt.edu</i>. University of North Texas Department of Chemistry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chem.unt.edu&rft.atitle=Rediscovery+of+the+Elements%3A+J%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Virginia+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.unt.edu%2F~jimm%2FREDISCOVERY%25207-09-2018%2FHexagon%2520Articles%2FBerzelius.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerzelius2016" class="citation book cs1">Berzelius, Jöns Jakob (23 June 2016). <i>Jakob Berzelius: Selbstbiographische Aufzeichnungen</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius+%281779%E2%80%931848%29&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwc.knaw.nl%2Fbiografie%2Fpmknaw%2F%3Fpagetype%3DauthorDetail%26aId%3DPE00002131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfcg/0553.html">"Svenska nykterhetssällskapet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (in Swedish). 1918. pp. 1025ff – via <a href="/wiki/Project_Runeberg" title="Project Runeberg">Project Runeberg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Svenska+nykterhetss%C3%A4llskapet&rft.btitle=Nordisk+familjebok&rft.pages=1025ff&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfcg%2F0553.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundell2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lundell, Patrik (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lucris.lub.lu.se/ws/files/5411701/4022483.pdf">"Nykterhetsfrågans mediala förutsättningar och karaktär"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>1800-talets mediesystem</i> (in Swedish). Stockholm: Kungliga biblioteket. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789188468222" title="Special:BookSources/9789188468222"><bdi>9789188468222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nykterhetsfr%C3%A5gans+mediala+f%C3%B6ruts%C3%A4ttningar+och+karakt%C3%A4r&rft.btitle=1800-talets+mediesystem&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Kungliga+biblioteket&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789188468222&rft.aulast=Lundell&rft.aufirst=Patrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flucris.lub.lu.se%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F5411701%2F4022483.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Berzelius, Johan Jakob, Baron". <i>Chamber's Biographical Dictionary 1897</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berzelius%2C+Johan+Jakob%2C+Baron&rft.btitle=Chamber%27s+Biographical+Dictionary+1897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerzelius1813" class="citation journal cs1">Berzelius, Jacob (1813). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2hsAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA443">"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. 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On the Cause of Chemical Proportions"</a>. <i>Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts</i>. <b>2</b> (12): 443–454 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Philosophy%3B+or%2C+Magazine+of+Chemistry%2C+Mineralology%2C+Mechanics%2C+Natural+History%2C+Agriculture+and+the+Arts&rft.atitle=Essay+on+the+Cause+of+Chemical+Proportions%2C+and+on+some+Circumstances+relating+to+them%3A+together+with+a+short+and+easy+Method+of+expressing+them.+I.+On+the+Relation+between+Berthollet%27s+Theory+of+Affinities+and+the+Laws+of+Chemical+Proportions.+II.+On+the+Cause+of+Chemical+Proportions&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=443-454&rft.date=1813&rft.aulast=Berzelius&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F54026%23page%2F469%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerzelius1814a" class="citation journal cs1">Berzelius, Jacob (1814a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=snY6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PR5">"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. 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Weight of elementary Volumes compared with that of Oxygen Gas"</a>. <i>Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts</i>. <b>3</b> (13, 14, 16, 17): 51–62, 93–106, 244–257, 353–364 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Philosophy%3B+or%2C+Magazine+of+Chemistry%2C+Mineralology%2C+Mechanics%2C+Natural+History%2C+Agriculture+and+the+Arts&rft.atitle=Essay+on+the+Cause+of+Chemical+Proportions%2C+and+on+some+Circumstances+relating+to+them%3A+together+with+a+short+and+easy+Method+of+expressing+them.+III.+On+the+Chemical+Signs%2C+and+the+Method+of+Employing+them+to+Express+Chemical+Proportions.+IV.+Weight+of+elementary+Volumes+compared+with+that+of+Oxygen+Gas&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=13%2C+14%2C+16%2C+17&rft.pages=51-62%2C+93-106%2C+244-257%2C+353-364&rft.date=1814&rft.aulast=Berzelius&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsnY6AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerzelius1814b" class="citation journal cs1">Berzelius, Jacob (1814b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54032#page/67/mode/1up">"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. 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III. On the Chemical Signs, and the Method of Employing them to Express Chemical Proportions. IV. Weight of elementary Volumes compared with that of Oxygen Gas (Comparative Table of the Specific Weights of Elementary Bodies.)"</a>. <i>Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts</i>. <b>3</b> (13, 17): 51–62, 362 – via Giunta, Carmen. Classic Chemistry.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Philosophy%3B+or%2C+Magazine+of+Chemistry%2C+Mineralology%2C+Mechanics%2C+Natural+History%2C+Agriculture+and+the+Arts&rft.atitle=Essay+on+the+Cause+of+Chemical+Proportions%2C+and+on+some+Circumstances+relating+to+them%3A+together+with+a+short+and+easy+Method+of+expressing+them.+III.+On+the+Chemical+Signs%2C+and+the+Method+of+Employing+them+to+Express+Chemical+Proportions.+IV.+Weight+of+elementary+Volumes+compared+with+that+of+Oxygen+Gas+%28Comparative+Table+of+the+Specific+Weights+of+Elementary+Bodies.%29&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=13%2C+17&rft.pages=51-62%2C+362&rft.date=1814&rft.aulast=Berzelius&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.lemoyne.edu%2F~giunta%2Fberzelius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heilbron2003-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heilbron2003_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_L._Heilbron2003" class="citation book cs1">John L. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=J%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius+%7C+Swedish+chemist&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJons-Jacob-Berzelius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerzelius1814aVol_III,_pp_51–52-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerzelius1814aVol_III,_pp_51–52_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerzelius1814a">Berzelius 1814a</a>, Vol III, pp 51–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cerium-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cerium_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/58/cerium">"Cerium"</a>. <i>Royal Society of Chemistry</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Silicon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fperiodic-table%2Felement%2F14%2Fsilicon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorium-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thorium_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/90/thorium">"Thorium"</a>. <i>Royal Society of Chemistry</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Thorium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fperiodic-table%2Felement%2F90%2Fthorium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nature1948-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nature1948_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F162210b0">"Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848)"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>162</b> (4110): 210. 1948. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948Natur.162R.210.">1948Natur.162R.210.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F162210b0">10.1038/162210b0</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=J%C3%B6ns+Jakob+Berzelius+%281779%E2%80%931848%29&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=4110&rft.pages=210&rft.date=1948&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F162210b0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1948Natur.162R.210.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F162210b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CUNY-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CUNY_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlamire" class="citation web cs1">Blamire, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/FonF/Berzelius.html">"Jons Jacob Berzelius"</a>. <i>brooklyn.cuny.edu</i>. City University of New York<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brooklyn.cuny.edu&rft.atitle=Jons+Jacob+Berzelius&rft.aulast=Blamire&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklyn.cuny.edu%2Fbc%2Fahp%2FFonF%2FBerzelius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerzelius1825" class="citation journal cs1">Berzelius, Jons Jacob (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/records/1807460/files/article.pdf">"On the mode of obtaining silicium, and on the characters and properties of that substance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Philosophical Magazine and Journal</i>. <b>65</b>: 254–267. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14786442508628433">10.1080/14786442508628433</a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philosophical+Magazine+and+Journal&rft.atitle=On+the+mode+of+obtaining+silicium%2C+and+on+the+characters+and+properties+of+that+substance&rft.volume=65&rft.pages=254-267&rft.date=1825&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14786442508628433&rft.aulast=Berzelius&rft.aufirst=Jons+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecords%2F1807460%2Ffiles%2Farticle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilton-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilton_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilton" class="citation web cs1">Wilton, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191230011008/http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/index/2009/08/">"Silicon"</a>. <i>wordorigins.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/index/2009/08/">the original</a> on 30 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wordorigins.org&rft.atitle=Silicon&rft.aulast=Wilton&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordorigins.org%2Findex.php%2Findex%2F2009%2F08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zirconium-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zirconium_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/40/zirconium">"Zirconium"</a>. <i>Royal Society of Chemistry</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bioinformaticshome.com&rft.atitle=Searching+for+protein+composition+and+function&rft.aulast=Tammi&rft.aufirst=Martti+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbioinformaticshome.com%2Fbioinformatics_tutorials%2Fhistory%2Fhistory_Page_5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1977" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Cecil J. (1977). Berk, Paul D. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PZfDTn6BTEAC&dq=irving+london+bilirubin&pg=PA9"><i>International Symposium on Chemistry and Physiology of Bile Pigments</i></a>. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Symposium+on+Chemistry+and+Physiology+of+Bile+Pigments&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Health%2C+Education%2C+and+Welfare%2C+Public+Health+Service%2C+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Cecil+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPZfDTn6BTEAC%26dq%3Dirving%2Blondon%2Bbilirubin%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornish-Bawden1997" class="citation cs2">Cornish-Bawden, Athel, ed. (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HFrBP8S7my4C&q=Berzelius+vitalism+1815&pg=PA73"><i>New Beer in an Old Bottle. Eduard Buchner and the Growth of Biochemical Knowledge</i></a>, Universitat de València, pp. 72–73, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-370-3328-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-370-3328-0"><bdi>978-84-370-3328-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Beer+in+an+Old+Bottle.+Eduard+Buchner+and+the+Growth+of+Biochemical+Knowledge&rft.pages=72-73&rft.pub=Universitat+de+Val%C3%A8ncia&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-84-370-3328-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHFrBP8S7my4C%26q%3DBerzelius%2Bvitalism%2B1815%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vitalism-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vitalism_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2002" class="citation journal cs1">Wilkinson, I. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208063">"History of Clinical Chemistry"</a>. <i>Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 114–118. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208063">6208063</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Federation+of+Clinical+Chemistry+and+Laboratory+Medicine&rft.atitle=History+of+Clinical+Chemistry&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=114-118&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6208063%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6208063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rocke-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rocke_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRocke1993" class="citation book cs1">Rocke, Alan J. (1993). University of California Press (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5evb11uV078C&pg=PA396"><i>The Quiet Revolution: Hermann Kolbe and the Science of Organic Chemistry</i></a>. Berkeley. pp. 239–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08110-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08110-9"><bdi>978-0-520-08110-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quiet+Revolution%3A+Hermann+Kolbe+and+the+Science+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=239-&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08110-9&rft.aulast=Rocke&rft.aufirst=Alan+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5evb11uV078C%26pg%3DPA396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Biographical Dictionary of Scientists</i> ed. T. I. Williams. London: A. & C. Black, 1969; pp. 55–56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1820&year-max=1820&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3D%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D1820%26year-max%3D1820%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Almanach royal officiel de Belgique/1841 p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrden_Pour_le_Mérite_für_Wissenschaften_und_Künste1975" class="citation book cs1">Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622140103/http://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/plm/mgvita/berzelius1779_vita.pdf"><i>Die Mitglieder des Ordens. 1 1842–1881</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7861-6189-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-7861-6189-5"><bdi>3-7861-6189-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/plm/mgvita/berzelius1779_vita.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Mitglieder+des+Ordens.+1+1842%E2%80%931881.&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Gebr.+Mann+Verlag&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=3-7861-6189-5&rft.au=Orden+Pour+le+M%C3%A9rite+f%C3%BCr+Wissenschaften+und+K%C3%BCnste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orden-pourlemerite.de%2Fplm%2Fmgvita%2Fberzelius1779_vita.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/berzelianite.pdf">"Handbook of mineralogy Berzelianite"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+mineralogy+Berzelianite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org%2Fpdfs%2Fberzelianite.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mindat-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mindat_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-645.html">"Berzelianite: Berzelianite mineral information and data"</a>. <i>www.mindat.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mindat.org&rft.atitle=Berzelianite%3A+Berzelianite+mineral+information+and+data.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-645.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCPress-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UCPress_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJorpes1970" class="citation book cs1">Jorpes, Johan Erik (1970). <i>Jac. Berzelius: His Life and Work</i>. University of California Press. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-01628-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-01628-6"><bdi>978-0-520-01628-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jac.+Berzelius%3A+His+Life+and+Work&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-520-01628-6&rft.aulast=Jorpes&rft.aufirst=Johan+Erik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stamps-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stamps_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.123rf.com/photo_25125189_sweden-circa-1939-stamp-printed-by-sweden-shows-jons-jakob-berzelius-circa-1939.html">"Sweden – Circa 1939: stamp printed by Sweden, shows Jons Jakob Berzelius"</a>. <i>123rf.com</i>. 123RF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=123rf.com&rft.atitle=Sweden+%E2%80%93+Circa+1939%3A+stamp+printed+by+Sweden%2C+shows+Jons+Jakob+Berzelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.123rf.com%2Fphoto_25125189_sweden-circa-1939-stamp-printed-by-sweden-shows-jons-jakob-berzelius-circa-1939.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaime_Wisniak2000" class="citation journal cs1">Jaime Wisniak (2000). "Jöns Jacob Berzelius A Guide to the Perplexed Chemist". <i>The Chemical Educator</i>. <b>5</b> (6): 343–350. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00897000430a">10.1007/s00897000430a</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:98774420">98774420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chemical+Educator&rft.atitle=J%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius+A+Guide+to+the+Perplexed+Chemist&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=343-350&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00897000430a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A98774420%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Jaime+Wisniak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Walden1947" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Walden" title="Paul Walden">Paul Walden</a> (1947). "Zum 100. Todestag von Jöns Jakob Berzelius am 7. August 1948". <i>Naturwissenschaften</i>. <b>34</b> (11): 321–327. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1947NW.....34..321W">1947NW.....34..321W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00644137">10.1007/BF00644137</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36477981">36477981</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naturwissenschaften&rft.atitle=Zum+100.+Todestag+von+J%C3%B6ns+Jakob+Berzelius+am+7.+August+1948&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=321-327&rft.date=1947&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A36477981%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00644137&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1947NW.....34..321W&rft.au=Paul+Walden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Holmberg, Arne (1933) <i>Bibliografi över J. J. Berzelius</i>. 2 parts in 5 vol. Stockholm: Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, 1933–67. 1. del och suppl. 1–2. Tryckta arbeten av och om Berzelius. 2. del och suppl. Manuskript</li> <li>Jorpes, J. Erik (1966) <i>Jac. Berzelius – his life and work</i>; translated from the Swedish manuscript by Barbara Steele. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1966. (Reissued by University of California Press, Berkeley, 1970 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-01628-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-01628-9">0-520-01628-9</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeicester1970–1980" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Leicester, Henry (1970–1980). "Berzelius, Jöns Jacob". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Scientific_Biography" title="Dictionary of Scientific Biography">Dictionary of Scientific Biography</a></i>. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 90–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-10114-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-10114-9"><bdi>978-0-684-10114-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berzelius%2C+J%C3%B6ns+Jacob&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Scientific+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=90-97&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1970%2F1980&rft.isbn=978-0-684-10114-9&rft.aulast=Leicester&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Partington, J. R. (1964) <i>History of Chemistry</i>; vol. 4. London: Macmillan; pp. 142–77</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Jöns Jacob Berzelius</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Berzelius%2C+J%C3%B6ns+Jacob%2C+1779%E2%80%931848">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Berzelius%2C+J%C3%B6ns+Jacob%2C+1779%E2%80%931848&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Jöns Jacob Berzelius</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Berzelius%2C+J%C3%B6ns+Jacob%2C+1779%E2%80%931848&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Berzelius%2C+J%C3%B6ns+Jacob%2C+1779%E2%80%931848">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Berzelius%2C+J%C3%B6ns+Jacob%2C+1779%E2%80%931848&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/3282">Works by Jöns Jakob Berzelius</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28+%28Jöns+OR+Jons%29+AND+%28Jacob+OR+Jakob%29+AND+Berzelius%29">Works by or about Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Lettres_de_Jacob_Berzelius/Tome_2">Online correspondence between Berzelius and Sir Humphry Davy</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/Search?idArk=&n=15&p=1&lang=FR&adva=1&adv=1&reset=&urlReferer=%2Fadvancedsearch%3Flang%3DFR&enreg=&tri=&submit1=Lancer+la+recherche&catsel1=f_title&cat1=&ope2=MUST&catsel2=f_creator&cat2=Berzelius&ope3=MUST&catsel3=f_tdm&cat3=&date=daTo&daFr=&daTo=&sel_provenance_Part=toutPartenaires&sel_provenance_Edist=toutSNE&sel_source=toutSources&dateMiseEnLigne=indexDateFrom&firstIndexationDateDebut=&firstIndexationDateFin=&tri=">Online works</a> on <a href="/wiki/Gallica" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallica">Gallica</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French and Swedish)</span> (27 items as of access date 2011-12-29)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbc/0067.html"><i>Nordisk familjebok</i> (1905), band 3, s. 90–96</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Swedish)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoliakoff" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Poliakoff" title="Martyn Poliakoff">Poliakoff, Martyn</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/feature_berzelius.htm"><i>Jöns Jacob Berzelius</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">University of Nottingham</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" class="mw-redirect" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius&rft.place=University+of+Nottingham&rft.pub=The+Periodic+Table+of+Videos&rft.aulast=Poliakoff&rft.aufirst=Martyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.periodicvideos.com%2Fvideos%2Ffeature_berzelius.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-29045">Digital edition of "Lehrbuch der Chemie" 1823/1824</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_and_State_Library_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="University and State Library Düsseldorf">University and State Library Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-14327">Digital edition of "Das saidschitzer Bitterwasser : chemisch untersucht" 1840</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_and_State_Library_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="University and State Library Düsseldorf">University and State Library Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-20687">Digital edition of "Aus Jac. Berzelius' und Gustav Magnus' Briefwechsel in den Jahren 1828–1847" 1900</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_and_State_Library_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="University and State Library Düsseldorf">University and State Library Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Berzelius, Johan Jakob"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Berzelius,_Johan_Jakob">"Berzelius, Johan Jakob" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>. 1879.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berzelius%2C+Johan+Jakob&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ%C3%B6ns+Jacob+Berzelius" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #99CCFF;">Cultural offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Rosenstein" title="Carl von Rosenstein">Carl von Rosenstein</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swedish_Academy#Seat_5" title="List of members of the Swedish Academy">Seat No. 5</a> </b><br />1837–48 </td> <td style="width: 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Copley_Medallists_(1801–1850)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medallists</a> (1801–1850)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Astley_Cooper" title="Astley Cooper">Astley Cooper</a> (1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">William Hyde Wollaston</a> (1802)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chenevix_(chemist)" title="Richard Chenevix (chemist)">Richard Chenevix</a> (1803)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smithson_Tennant" title="Smithson Tennant">Smithson Tennant</a> (1804)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> (1805)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrew_Knight" title="Thomas Andrew Knight">Thomas Andrew Knight</a> (1806)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Everard_Home" title="Everard Home">Everard Home</a> (1807)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_(chemist)" title="William Henry (chemist)">William Henry</a> (1808)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Troughton" title="Edward Troughton">Edward Troughton</a> (1809)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet">Benjamin Collins Brodie</a> (1811)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Brande" title="William Thomas Brande">William Thomas Brande</a> (1813)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ivory_(mathematician)" title="James Ivory (mathematician)">James Ivory</a> (1814)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Brewster" title="David Brewster">David Brewster</a> (1815)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kater" title="Henry Kater">Henry Kater</a> (1817)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Seppings" title="Robert Seppings">Robert Seppings</a> (1818)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Hans Christian Ørsted</a> (1820)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sabine" title="Edward Sabine">Edward Sabine</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> (1821)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Buckland" title="William Buckland">William Buckland</a> (1822)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Pond" title="John Pond">John Pond</a> (1823)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Brinkley_(astronomer)" title="John Brinkley (astronomer)">John Brinkley</a> (1824)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Barlow_(mathematician)" title="Peter Barlow (mathematician)">Peter Barlow</a> (1825)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_South" title="James South">James South</a> (1826)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Prout" title="William Prout">William Prout</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Foster_(scientist)" title="Henry Foster (scientist)">Henry Foster</a> (1827)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a> (1831)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on_Denis_Poisson" title="Siméon Denis Poisson">Siméon Denis Poisson</a> (1832)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Amedeo_Plana" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana">Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana</a> (1834)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Snow_Harris" title="William Snow Harris">William Snow Harris</a> (1835)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> / <a href="/wiki/Francis_Kiernan" title="Francis Kiernan">Francis Kiernan</a> (1836)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_C%C3%A9sar_Becquerel" title="Antoine César Becquerel">Antoine César Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Frederic_Daniell" title="John Frederic Daniell">John Frederic Daniell</a> (1837)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (1838)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)">Robert Brown</a> (1839)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sturm" title="Jacques Charles François Sturm">Jacques Charles François Sturm</a> (1840)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm">Georg Ohm</a> (1841)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_MacCullagh" title="James MacCullagh">James MacCullagh</a> (1842)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Dumas" title="Jean-Baptiste Dumas">Jean-Baptiste Dumas</a> (1843)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Matteucci" title="Carlo Matteucci">Carlo Matteucci</a> (1844)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Schwann" title="Theodor Schwann">Theodor Schwann</a> (1845)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a> (1846)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> (1847)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams">John Couch Adams</a> (1848)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a> (1849)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a> (1850)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 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.portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151911#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151911#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151911#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118510185">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79065879">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12097467c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12097467c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00463211">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Berzelius, Jöns Jakob"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV062928">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35018115">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002153025&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1511853">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1200350">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070283109">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90182863">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000235697&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000695799&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=215186">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8bb1dg1mzw31l">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810535905005606">Poland</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810645194505606">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/96590">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007270967205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511728406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14112380">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01806428?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=145114">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/joens-von-berzelius/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/ca0c2fd1-4498-42d0-9908-36ae221bcf08">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/792618">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118510185.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118510185">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029324017">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6911q58">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jöns_Jacob_Berzelius&oldid=1259510150">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jöns_Jacob_Berzelius&oldid=1259510150</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1779_births" title="Category:1779 births">1779 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1848_deaths" title="Category:1848 deaths">1848 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Vadstena_Municipality" 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