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for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Herman Talmadge</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="هيرمان تالمادج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيرمان تالمادج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="هرمن تالمادج – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هرمن تالمادج" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herman Talmadge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC" title="هرمان تلمج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هرمان تلمج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Herman Talmadge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Herman Talmadge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%92%27" title="הרמן טאלמדג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרמן טאלמדג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Herman Talmadge" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="هيرمان تالمادج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيرمان تالمادج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Толмадж, Герман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Толмадж, Герман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Herman Talmadge" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Герман Толмадж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герман Толмадж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1913–2002)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Senator Talmadge" redirects here. 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Herman+Talmadge%22">"Herman Talmadge"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Herman+Talmadge%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Herman+Talmadge%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Herman+Talmadge%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Herman+Talmadge%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Herman+Talmadge%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Herman Talmadge</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Herman_Talmadge_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Herman_Talmadge_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Herman_Talmadge_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Herman_Talmadge_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Herman_Talmadge_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Herman_Talmadge_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Herman_Talmadge_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2796" data-file-height="3874" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition,_and_Forestry" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry">Senate Agriculture Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 21, 1971 – January 3, 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Ellender" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen Ellender">Allen Ellender</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Jesse Helms</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">Walter F. George</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mack_Mattingly" title="Mack Mattingly">Mack Mattingly</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">71st <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 17, 1948 – January 11, 1955</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data">Marvin Griffin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_E._Thompson" title="Melvin E. Thompson">Melvin E. Thompson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Griffin" title="Marvin Griffin">Marvin Griffin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 15, 1947 – March 18, 1947</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data">Melvin E. Thompson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Arnall" title="Ellis Arnall">Ellis Arnall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Melvin E. Thompson</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Herman Eugene Talmadge</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1913-08-09</span>)</span>August 9, 1913<br /><a href="/wiki/McRae,_Georgia" title="McRae, Georgia">McRae, Georgia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">March 21, 2002<span style="display:none">(2002-03-21)</span> (aged 88)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Georgia" title="Hampton, Georgia">Hampton, Georgia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Katherine Williamson<br /><a href="/wiki/Betty_Shingler" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty Shingler">Betty Shingler</a><br />Lynda Cowart Pierce</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">Eugene Talmadge</a> (father)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg/21px-Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg/33px-Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg/43px-Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="1050" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant commander (United States)">Lieutenant Commander</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Herman Eugene Talmadge</b> (August 9, 1913 – March 21, 2002)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American politician who served as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">governor of Georgia</a> in 1947 and from 1948 to 1955 and as a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> from 1957 to 1981. A <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>, Talmadge served during a time of political transition, both in Georgia and nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-georgiaencyclopedia1913_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-georgiaencyclopedia1913-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began his career as a staunch <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">segregationist</a> known for his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a>, including supporting legislation that would have closed public schools to prevent desegregation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the later stages of his career, following the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a>, which gave substance to the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifteenth Amendment</a> enacted nearly one hundred years before, and increased African American voter participation, Talmadge, like many other Southern politicians of that period, had modified his views on race. His life eventually encapsulated the emergence of his native Georgia from entrenched <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a> into a multiracial political culture where many white voters regularly elect Black and other non-white candidates to the U.S. Congress and Georgia General Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When his father, Eugene Talmadge, won the <a href="/wiki/1946_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1946 Georgia gubernatorial election">1946 Georgia gubernatorial election</a> but died before taking office, Herman Talmadge asserted claims to be the 70th governor of Georgia, in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Three_governors_controversy" title="Three governors controversy">three governors controversy</a>. He occupied the governor's office from January until March 1947, before yielding to a Georgia Supreme Court decision in favor of Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Melvin_E._Thompson" title="Melvin E. Thompson">Melvin E. Thompson</a>. In 1948, Talmadge defeated Thompson by more than 6 percent in a <a href="/wiki/1948_Georgia_gubernatorial_special_election" title="1948 Georgia gubernatorial special election">special election</a> to complete the elder Talmadge's unfinished four-year term. He was reelected <a href="/wiki/1950_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1950 Georgia gubernatorial election">in 1950</a>, defeating Thompson by a narrower margin. Talmadge served until the end of his term in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Talmadge, who first became governor at age 33, supported a new statewide <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> during his second term to fund the construction of new schools and expanded state services. He also supported other infrastructure improvements and increased teachers' salaries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In so doing, the younger governor Talmadge departed from his father's stingy, low-tax and low-spending philosophy while remaining steadfastly opposed to racial desegregation and political equality for Black Americans. He left the governor's office as an incredibly popular executive whose administration earned praised from the traditionally liberal outlets such as the <i>Atlanta Constitution</i> and even <i>Harper's Magazine.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-georgiaencyclopedia1913_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-georgiaencyclopedia1913-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herman Talmadge was elected to the United States Senate in 1956 when <a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">Walter F. George</a>, Georgia's senior senator and the <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a>, declined to seek reelection. In the Senate, Talmadge was a long-serving member of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Agriculture_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Agriculture Committee">Senate Agriculture Committee</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Senate Finance Committee</a>. During the latter part of his career, he also served as a member of the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities (better known as the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Watergate_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Watergate Committee">Senate Watergate Committee</a>). As chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, he oversaw the passage of numerous pieces of important legislation, including the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Child_Nutrition_Act" title="Child Nutrition Act">Child Nutrition Act</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Farm_and_Rural_Development_Act_of_1972" title="Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972">Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972</a>, the first major legislation dealing with rural development since the <a href="/wiki/Rural_Electrification_Act_of_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Electrification Act of 1936">Rural Electrification Act of 1936</a>. The Senate later <a href="/wiki/Censure_in_the_United_States" title="Censure in the United States">denounced</a> Talmadge for financial irregularities revealed a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Ethics" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics">Senate Ethics Committee</a> investigation following a contentious divorce from his second wife.<sup id="cite_ref-georgiaencyclopedia1913_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-georgiaencyclopedia1913-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The investigation, as well as Georgia's changing demographics, helped <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Mack_Mattingly" title="Mack Mattingly">Mack Mattingly</a> defeat Talmadge during his <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1980 United States Senate election in Georgia">1980 reelection campaign</a>. Following his defeat, Talmadge retired from public life. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_education_and_military_service"><span id="Early_life.2C_education_and_military_service"></span>Early life, education and military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, education and military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Herman Talmadge was born on August 9, 1913, on a farm near the small town of <a href="/wiki/McRae,_Georgia" title="McRae, Georgia">McRae</a> in <a href="/wiki/Telfair_County,_Georgia" title="Telfair County, Georgia">Telfair County</a> in southeastern Georgia. He was the only son of <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">Eugene Talmadge</a> and his wife, Mattie (Thurmond), and through his mother, he was a second cousin of South Carolina Senator and 1948 <a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrat</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herman attended public schools in Telfair County until his senior year of high school, when his family moved to Atlanta and he enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Druid_Hills_High_School" title="Druid Hills High School">Druid Hills High School</a>, graduating in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fall of 1931, he entered the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> for his undergraduate degree and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Demosthenian_Literary_Society" title="Demosthenian Literary Society">Demosthenian Literary Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Nu" title="Sigma Nu">Sigma Nu</a> <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">fraternity</a>. After completing his undergraduate studies, Talmadge enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_School_of_Law" title="University of Georgia School of Law">University of Georgia School of Law</a>. He received his law degree in 1936 and joined his father's law practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackbart-Dean_1993_145–157_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackbart-Dean_1993_145–157-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, Talmadge married Katherine Williamson. The marriage ended in divorce after three years. In 1941, he married <a href="/wiki/Betty_Shingler" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty Shingler">Betty Shingler</a>, and they had two sons, Herman Eugene Jr. and Robert Shingler.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackbart-Dean_1993_145–157_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackbart-Dean_1993_145–157-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When World War II broke out, Talmadge volunteered to serve in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>. He served as an ensign with the Sixth Naval District at <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a>, and with the Third Naval District in New York after graduating from midshipman's school at Northwestern University. In 1942, Talmadge participated in the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal</a> aboard the <a href="/wiki/USS_Tryon" title="USS Tryon">USS <i>Tryon</i></a>. He served as flag secretary to the commandant of naval forces in New Zealand from June 1943 to April 1944 and then as executive officer of the <a href="/wiki/USS_Dauphin" title="USS Dauphin">USS <i>Dauphin</i></a>. Talmadge participated in the battle of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Okinawa</a> and was present in Tokyo Bay for the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japanese surrender</a>. He attained the rank of lieutenant commander and was discharged in November 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his service in World War II, Talmadge returned to his home in Lovejoy, Georgia. While continuing to practice law and to farm, he took over publishing his father's weekly newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Statesman_(Georgia)" title="The Statesman (Georgia)">The Statesman</a></i>, and started a ham-curing business.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Three_Governors_Controversy">Three Governors Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Three Governors Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Three_governors_controversy" title="Three governors controversy">Three governors controversy</a></div> <p>After returning from the war, Talmadge became active in Democratic Party politics. He ran his father's successful 1946 campaign for governor. Eugene Talmadge had been ill, and his supporters were worried about his surviving long enough to be sworn in. They studied the state constitution and found that if the governor-elect died before his term began, the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_General_Assembly" title="Georgia General Assembly">Georgia General Assembly</a> would choose between the second and third-place finishers. The elder Talmadge ran unopposed among Democrats, so the party officials arranged for write-in votes for Herman Talmadge as insurance. </p><p>In December 1946, Eugene Talmadge died before taking office. <a href="/wiki/Melvin_E._Thompson" title="Melvin E. Thompson">Melvin E. Thompson</a>, the lieutenant governor-elect; <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Arnall" title="Ellis Arnall">Ellis Arnall</a>, the sitting governor; and Herman Talmadge all arranged to be sworn in and concurrently tried to conduct state business from the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Capitol" title="Georgia State Capitol">Georgia State Capitol</a>. Arnall relinquished his claim in favor of Thompson. Ultimately, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)">Supreme Court of Georgia</a> supported Thompson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Georgia_Gubernatorial_Career">Georgia Gubernatorial Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Georgia Gubernatorial Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Talmadge prepared to run for the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_gubernatorial_special_election,_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia gubernatorial special election, 1948">special gubernatorial election in 1948</a>, and defeated Thompson. He was elected to a full term in the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_gubernatorial_election,_1950" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia gubernatorial election, 1950">1950 election</a>. During his tenure, Talmadge attracted new industries to Georgia. He remained a staunch supporter of <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">racial segregation</a> even as the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> gained momentum. </p><p>Talmadge was barred by law from seeking reelection in 1954. That year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i> that segregated public schools were unconstitutional, and advised school systems to integrate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States_Senate_Career">United States Senate Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United States Senate Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of Talmadge's 1956 Senate campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he published the infamous segregationist pamphlet <i>You and Segregation</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arguing that desegregation was a communist plot, that the use of federal power to ban segregation was unconstitutional, and that, in the now-infamous phrase, the United States was a "Republic not a Democracy", since democracy was communist. </p><p>Talmadge was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in 1956. Most Black people in Georgia were still <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era">disenfranchised</a> under state laws passed by white Democrats and discriminatory practices they had conducted since the turn of the 20th century. As a U.S. senator, Talmadge continued to oppose <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> legislation, even as the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> gained media coverage and increasing support. After President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>, Talmadge, along with more than a dozen other southern senators, <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycotted</a> the <a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 Democratic National Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the help of Senator <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Russell, Jr.">Richard Russell</a>, Talmadge had been appointed to the Agriculture Committee during his first year in Washington and to the Senate Finance Committee shortly thereafter. As a junior member of the Agriculture Committee, he worked to address the nation's farmers' changing needs in an evolving global economy. Talmadge also worked to expand support for both farmers and children and families in hunger through his work on the <a href="/wiki/Child_Nutrition_Act_of_1966" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Nutrition Act of 1966">Child Nutrition Act of 1966</a>, but most significantly in 1969 and 1970 as part of the reauthorization and expansion of the 1946 <a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Act" title="National School Lunch Act">School Lunch Act</a>, which Russell had authored and considered his greatest legislative achievement. </p><p>Talmadge was a great admirer of the work Russell did on the 1946 act but recognized that significant improvements were needed. After noting that only a third of American children living in families making less than $2000 a year were able to participate in the program, Talmadge said: "We must use food as a tool of education. A child cannot learn if he is hungry. It has been the experience of school administrators in economically deprived areas that there is a marked improvement in school attendance when children can look forward to the prospect of a good meal at school." Major goals of Talmadge's new proposal were to provide funding for equipment; increase the required level of support from states; allow the "lunch to follow the child", letting students from low-income families that lived in higher-income areas remain eligible for the program; establish the National Advisory Council on Child Nutrition; and give needy children special assistance. The amendments for these purposes became law on May 14, 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Allen Ellender</a> assumed chairmanship of the Senate Appropriations Committee after Russell's death in January 1971, Talmadge became chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, a position he held until leaving office in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Talmadge's elevation to Agriculture Committee Chairman came at a time when many analysts were forecasting that the world's need for food would soon outstrip its productive capacity. Under Talmadge's leadership, the Senate Agriculture Committee confronted these problems throughout the 1970s. Talmadge oversaw the passage of several bills that more than doubled spending on farm programs by the end of the 1970s. In addition to the Rural Development Act of 1972, the <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Consumer_Protection_Act_of_1973" title="Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973">Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973</a> (also known as the 1973 U.S. Farm Bill), which provided for commodity price support, soil conservation, and food stamp expansion for four years, passed under his chairmanship. The four-year period established a cycle that ensured the next three farm bills appeared on the congressional agenda after presidential elections, thereby preventing them from becoming entangled in election-year politics. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Act_of_1977" title="Food and Agriculture Act of 1977">The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977</a> continued the market-oriented loan and target-pricing policies of its predecessor. Title XIV of the Act confirmed the USDA's historic role in agricultural research under the <a href="/wiki/National_Agricultural_Research,_Extension,_and_Teaching_Policy_Act_of_1977" title="National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977">National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act</a>. The bill also made major modifications to food stamps and solidified the program as a part of the Farm Bill. </p><p>Also in 1977, as a result of Senate committee reorganization and in recognition of the Agriculture Committee's increased role in addressing hunger and nutrition, growing spending for federally supported child nutrition (which rose from $2.4 billion to more than $8 billion during the decade), and increase of staff size (rising from seven in 1971 to 32 in 1980), the committee's name was changed to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. This was the first change to the committee's name since adding "Forestry" in 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, Talmadge faced the first of his three <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> challengers for his Senate seat. <a href="/wiki/E._Earl_Patton" title="E. Earl Patton">E. Earl Patton</a>, later a member of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">Georgia State Senate</a>, received 256,796 votes (22.5 percent) to Talmadge's 885,103 (77.3 percent). A real estate developer, Patton was the first Georgia Republican to run for the U.S. Senate since the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era in the United States">Reconstruction era</a>, when most Republicans were <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Freedmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedmen">freedmen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a sign of the shifting white electorate in the South, as white suburbanites moved into the Republican Party. </p><p>Talmadge ran a disciplined office, requiring his staff to respond to every constituent letter within 24 hours of receipt.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, he hired Curtis Lee Atkinson as an administrative aide, making Atkinson the first African-American hired to work on a Southern senator's personal staff since Reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, Talmadge was appointed to the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities (better known as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Watergate_Committee" title="United States Senate Watergate Committee">United States Senate Watergate Committee</a>), which investigated members of the <a href="/wiki/Nixon_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon administration">Nixon administration</a>. He served on the committee until its final report was issued in June 1974. Talmadge's service on the committee is generally considered the high-water mark of his time as a U.S. senator.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denunciation">Denunciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Denunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Late in his Senate career, Talmadge became embroiled in a financial scandal. After an extensive Senate investigation, on October 11, 1979, the Senate voted 81–15 to "denounce" Talmadge for "improper financial conduct" between 1973 and 1978. He was found to have accepted reimbursements of $43,435.83 for official expenses not incurred, and to have improperly reported the "expenses" as campaign expenditures.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the trial, he faced significant opposition in the state's Democratic primary for the first time in 24 years. Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller">Zell Miller</a> challenged Talmadge in the primary with the support of liberals disenchanted with Talmadge's conservatism.<sup id="cite_ref-Brawlin_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brawlin-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Talmadge won the primary runoff against Miller, his ethical conduct was a significant issue and he was defeated by the Republican nominee, former state GOP chairman <a href="/wiki/Mack_Mattingly" title="Mack Mattingly">Mack Mattingly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was believed that the bruising primary battle with Miller left Talmadge weakened for the general election.<sup id="cite_ref-Brawlin_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brawlin-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divorce">Divorce</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Divorce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>in 1977, following a long period of personal troubles, including self-admitted alcoholism, which spiraled out of control after his son, Bobby, drowned in 1975, Talmadge filed for divorce from his wife, Betty.<sup id="cite_ref-georgiaencyclopedia2_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-georgiaencyclopedia2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Talmadges reached a divorce settlement in 1978, with Betty receiving $150,000 in cash and 100 acres of their Lovejoy plantation.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost1978_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1978-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also allowed to use the remaining 1,200 acres on the plantation.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost1978_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1978-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Betty testified against Talmadge in 1980 during the Senate investigation into his finances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his defeat, Talmadge retired to his home; his plantation and mansion were now in his ex-wife Betty's possession. In 1984, he married Lynda Pierce.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lived on for more than two decades, dying at 88. Talmadge and Betty, who eventually reconciled and remained on respectful terms, had had two sons together, Herman E. Talmadge Jr., and Robert Shingler Talmadge. Betty Talmadge died in 2005, surrounded by family, on her estate.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of his death, Herman Talmadge was the earliest serving former governor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1969, he was awarded an honorary degree in Doctor of Laws from <a href="/wiki/Oglethorpe_University" title="Oglethorpe University">Oglethorpe University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1975, <a href="/wiki/Morris_Brown_College" title="Morris Brown College">Morris Brown College</a> gave Talmadge its "Man of the Year" award.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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censured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_American_Legion" title="List of members of the American Legion">List of members of the American Legion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Paulk_Henderson" title="Harold Paulk Henderson">Henderson, Harold Paulk</a> (August 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/eugene-talmadge-1884-1946?amp">"Eugene Talmadge (1884–1946)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Georgia_Encyclopedia" title="New Georgia Encyclopedia">New Georgia Encyclopedia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eugene+Talmadge+%281884%E2%80%931946%29&rft.btitle=New+Georgia+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2004-08-25&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Harold+Paulk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.georgiaencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fgovernment-politics%2Feugene-talmadge-1884-1946%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-georgiaencyclopedia1913-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-georgiaencyclopedia1913_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-georgiaencyclopedia1913_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-georgiaencyclopedia1913_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2019" class="citation web cs1">Buchanan, Scott E. (August 1, 2019) [2002]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/herman-talmadge-1913-2002">"Herman Talmadge (1913–2002)"</a>. <i>New Georgia Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Georgia+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Herman+Talmadge+%281913%E2%80%932002%29&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Scott+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fgovernment-politics%2Fherman-talmadge-1913-2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClymer2002" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clymer" title="Adam Clymer">Clymer, Adam</a> (22 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/22/us/herman-talmadge-georgia-senator-and-governor-dies-at-88.html">"Herman Talmadge, Georgia Senator and Governor, Dies at 88"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Herman+Talmadge%2C+Georgia+Senator+and+Governor%2C+Dies+at+88&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft.aulast=Clymer&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F03%2F22%2Fus%2Fherman-talmadge-georgia-senator-and-governor-dies-at-88.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrug2008" class="citation journal cs1">Frug, Stephen (2008-07-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/11083">"Accepting Equality: Rhetorical Reactions to the Changing Politics of De Jure Segregation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Accepting+Equality%3A+Rhetorical+Reactions+to+the+Changing+Politics+of+De+Jure+Segregation&rft.date=2008-07-07&rft.aulast=Frug&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecommons.cornell.edu%2Fhandle%2F1813%2F11083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/mar/25/guardianobituaries.haroldjackson">"Obituary: Herman Talmadge"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 2002-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Herman+Talmadge&rft.date=2002-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2002%2Fmar%2F25%2Fguardianobituaries.haroldjackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/herman-talmadge-1913-2002">"Herman Talmadge (191–2002)"</a>. <i>New Georgia Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Georgia+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Herman+Talmadge+%28191%E2%80%932002%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fgovernment-politics%2Fherman-talmadge-1913-2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrite" class="citation news cs1">Write, C.C. Wilson III, Rome News-Tribune Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/as-governor-senator-talmadge-leaves-powerful-legac-local-new/article_278857ca-36fb-5cf6-8073-9ffe561c00a9.html">"As governor, senator, Talmadge leaves powerful legacy Local New"</a>. <i>Northwest Georgia News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Georgia+News&rft.atitle=As+governor%2C+senator%2C+Talmadge+leaves+powerful+legacy+Local+New&rft.aulast=Write&rft.aufirst=C.C.+Wilson+III%2C+Rome+News-Tribune+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northwestgeorgianews.com%2Fas-governor-senator-talmadge-leaves-powerful-legac-local-new%2Farticle_278857ca-36fb-5cf6-8073-9ffe561c00a9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayhew1956" class="citation magazine cs1">Mayhew, Paul (July 23, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/90769/the-talmadge-story">"The Talmadge Story"</a>. <i>The New Republic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=The+Talmadge+Story&rft.date=1956-07-23&rft.aulast=Mayhew&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F90769%2Fthe-talmadge-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1995" class="citation book cs1">Cook, James F. (1995). <i>The Governors of Georgia, 1754–1995</i> (Revised and Expanded ed.). Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. pp. 255–256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-537-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-537-5"><bdi>0-86554-537-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governors+of+Georgia%2C+1754%E2%80%931995&rft.place=Macon%2C+GA&rft.pages=255-256&rft.edition=Revised+and+Expanded&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-86554-537-5&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillan1954" class="citation magazine cs1">McMillan, George (December 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harpers.org/archive/1954/12/talmadge-the-best-southern-governor/">"Talmadge–the best southern governor?"</a>. <i>Harper's Magazine</i>. pp. 34–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=Talmadge%E2%80%93the+best+southern+governor%3F&rft.pages=34-40&rft.date=1954-12&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharpers.org%2Farchive%2F1954%2F12%2Ftalmadge-the-best-southern-governor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-22-me-talmadge22-story.html">"Herman Talmadge, 88; Georgia Senator"</a>. March 22, 2002 – via LA Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herman+Talmadge%2C+88%3B+Georgia+Senator&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2002-mar-22-me-talmadge22-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/html_use/A-0331-1.html">"Oral History Interview with Herman Talmadge, July 15 and 24, 1975. Interview A-0331-1. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007): Electronic Edition. Senator Herman Talmadge Recalls His Early Involvement in Georgia Politics, His Father's Political Legacy, and His Rise to Prominence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oral+History+Interview+with+Herman+Talmadge%2C+July+15+and+24%2C+1975.+Interview+A-0331-1.+Southern+Oral+History+Program+Collection+%28%234007%29%3A+Electronic+Edition.+Senator+Herman+Talmadge+Recalls+His+Early+Involvement+in+Georgia+Politics%2C+His+Father%27s+Political+Legacy%2C+and+His+Rise+to+Prominence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocsouth.unc.edu%2Fsohp%2Fhtml_use%2FA-0331-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowningBurlage2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Browning" title="Joan Browning">Browning, Joan C.</a>; Burlage, Dorothy Dawson (March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Et4Uo-bk8EC&q=Herman+Talmadge+Mattie+Thurmond&pg=PA52"><i>Deep in Our Hearts: Nine White Women in the Freedom Movement</i></a>. University of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820324197" title="Special:BookSources/9780820324197"><bdi>9780820324197</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deep+in+Our+Hearts%3A+Nine+White+Women+in+the+Freedom+Movement&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2002-03&rft.isbn=9780820324197&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Joan+C.&rft.au=Burlage%2C+Dorothy+Dawson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Et4Uo-bk8EC%26q%3DHerman%2BTalmadge%2BMattie%2BThurmond%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://druidhillshs.dekalb.k12.ga.us/FamousAlumni.aspx">"Famous Alumni"</a>. <i>druidhillshs.dekalb.k12.ga.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=druidhillshs.dekalb.k12.ga.us&rft.atitle=Famous+Alumni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdruidhillshs.dekalb.k12.ga.us%2FFamousAlumni.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hackbart-Dean_1993_145–157-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hackbart-Dean_1993_145–157_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hackbart-Dean_1993_145–157_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackbart-Dean1993" class="citation journal cs1">Hackbart-Dean, Pamela (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40582658">"Herman E. Talmadge: From Civil Rights to Watergate"</a>. <i>The Georgia Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>77</b> (1): 145–157. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-8297">0016-8297</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40582658">40582658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Herman+E.+Talmadge%3A+From+Civil+Rights+to+Watergate&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=145-157&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40582658%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0016-8297&rft.aulast=Hackbart-Dean&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40582658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1961" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Clifford P. (1961). <i>Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774–1961: The Continental Congress, September 5, 1774, to October 21, 1788 and the Congress of the United States, from the First to the Eighty-sixth Congress, March 4, 1789, to January 3, 1961, Inclusive</i>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 1688.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+American+Congress%2C+1774%E2%80%931961%3A+The+Continental+Congress%2C+September+5%2C+1774%2C+to+October+21%2C+1788+and+the+Congress+of+the+United+States%2C+from+the+First+to+the+Eighty-sixth+Congress%2C+March+4%2C+1789%2C+to+January+3%2C+1961%2C+Inclusive.&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=1688&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Clifford+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackbart-Dean1993" class="citation journal cs1">Hackbart-Dean, Pamela (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40582658">"Herman E. Talmadge: From Civil Rights to Watergate"</a>. <i>The Georgia Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>77</b> (1): 146. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-8297">0016-8297</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40582658">40582658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Herman+E.+Talmadge%3A+From+Civil+Rights+to+Watergate&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=146&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40582658%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0016-8297&rft.aulast=Hackbart-Dean&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40582658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes1956" class="citation news cs1">Times, W. h Lawrence Special To the New York (1956-05-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1956/05/10/archives/talmadge-enters-senate-campaign-former-governor-acts-after-georges.html">"Talmadge Enters Senate Campaign; Former Governor Acts After George's Announcement Talmadge Opens Senate Campaign Talmadge Is in Florida"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Talmadge+Enters+Senate+Campaign%3B+Former+Governor+Acts+After+George%27s+Announcement+Talmadge+Opens+Senate+Campaign+Talmadge+Is+in+Florida&rft.date=1956-05-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=W.+h+Lawrence+Special+To+the+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1956%2F05%2F10%2Farchives%2Ftalmadge-enters-senate-campaign-former-governor-acts-after-georges.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerman_Talmadge1955" class="citation book cs1">Herman Talmadge (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/YouAndSegregationByHermanTalmadge"><i>You And Segregation By Herman Talmadge</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You+And+Segregation+By+Herman+Talmadge&rft.date=1955&rft.au=Herman+Talmadge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FYouAndSegregationByHermanTalmadge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kornacki, Steve (2011-02-03) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html">"The 'Southern Strategy', fulfilled"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110413151441/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html">Archived</a> 2011-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGay1996" class="citation journal cs1">Gay, James Thomas (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/40583600">"Richard B. Russell and the National School Lunch Program"</a>. <i>The Georgia Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>80</b> (4): 871–872. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40583600">40583600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Richard+B.+Russell+and+the+National+School+Lunch+Program&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=871-872&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40583600%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=James+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40583600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs</i>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1969. p. 3644.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hearings%2C+Reports+and+Prints+of+the+Senate+Select+Committee+on+Nutrition+and+Human+Needs&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=3644&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Talmadge: A Political Legacy, A Politician's Life</i>. Herman Talmadge with <a href="/wiki/Mark_Royden_Winchell" title="Mark Royden Winchell">Mark Royden Winchell</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uschs.org/explore/historical-articles/a-brief-history-of-the-senate-committee-on-agriculture/">"A Brief History of the Senate Committee on Agriculture"</a>. <i>United States Capitol Historical Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Capitol+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Senate+Committee+on+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuschs.org%2Fexplore%2Fhistorical-articles%2Fa-brief-history-of-the-senate-committee-on-agriculture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections</i>, p. 1441</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClymer2002" class="citation news cs1">Clymer, Adam (March 22, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/22/us/herman-talmadge-georgia-senator-and-governor-dies-at-88.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A6%22%7D">"Herman Talmadge, Georgia Senator and Governor, Dies at 88"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Herman+Talmadge%2C+Georgia+Senator+and+Governor%2C+Dies+at+88&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft.aulast=Clymer&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F03%2F22%2Fus%2Fherman-talmadge-georgia-senator-and-governor-dies-at-88.html%3Fmodule%3DSearch%26mabReward%3Drelbias%253Ar%252C%257B%25221%2522%253A%2522RI%253A6%2522%257D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarlow" class="citation news cs1">Farlow, Emily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/local-obituaries/curtis-lee-atkinson-assistant-secretary-state-for-max-cleland/hlQc5OIS4z9sE7PAGPZMRL/">"Curtis Lee Atkinson, 83: Assistant secretary of state for Max Cleland"</a>. <i>The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Curtis+Lee+Atkinson%2C+83%3A+Assistant+secretary+of+state+for+Max+Cleland&rft.aulast=Farlow&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-obituaries%2Fcurtis-lee-atkinson-assistant-secretary-state-for-max-cleland%2FhlQc5OIS4z9sE7PAGPZMRL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackbart-Dean1999" class="citation journal cs1">Hackbart-Dean, Pamela (Summer 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40584148">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Greatest Civics Lesson in Our History': Herman Talmadge and Watergate from a Twenty-five-Year Perspective"</a>. <i>The Georgia Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>83</b> (2): 321. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40584148">40584148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=%27The+Greatest+Civics+Lesson+in+Our+History%27%3A+Herman+Talmadge+and+Watergate+from+a+Twenty-five-Year+Perspective&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=321&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40584148%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hackbart-Dean&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40584148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Expulsion_Censure.htm">"Expulsion and Censure"</a>. United States Senate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expulsion+and+Censure&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fbriefing%2FExpulsion_Censure.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=53524634&site=eds-live">"Trial Of a Lion: Talmadge fights for survival"</a>. <i>Time</i>. Vol. 113, no. 20. May 14, 1979<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Trial+Of+a+Lion%3A+Talmadge+fights+for+survival&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=20&rft.date=1979-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dedb%26AN%3D53524634%26site%3Deds-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/censure_cases/139HermanTalmadge.htm">"U.S. Senate: The Censure Case of Herman e. Talmadge of Georgia (1979)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Senate%3A+The+Censure+Case+of+Herman+e.+Talmadge+of+Georgia+%281979%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fcensure_cases%2F139HermanTalmadge.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._Drummond_Ayres_Jr.1979" class="citation news cs1">B. Drummond Ayres Jr. (October 12, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/12/archives/senate-denounces-talmadge-81-to-15-over-his-finances-a-rare-rebuke.html">"Senate Denounces Talmadge, 81 to 15, Over His Finances"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+Denounces+Talmadge%2C+81+to+15%2C+Over+His+Finances&rft.date=1979-10-12&rft.au=B.+Drummond+Ayres+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F10%2F12%2Farchives%2Fsenate-denounces-talmadge-81-to-15-over-his-finances-a-rare-rebuke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brawlin-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brawlin_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brawlin_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1980" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Art (August 23, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/08/23/drawlin-and-brawlin/636ce4af-b747-40f5-909e-618566f13946/">"Drawlin' and Brawlin'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Drawlin%27+and+Brawlin%27&rft.date=1980-08-23&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1980%2F08%2F23%2Fdrawlin-and-brawlin%2F636ce4af-b747-40f5-909e-618566f13946%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenate_Historical_Office" class="citation news cs1">Senate Historical Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/censure_cases/139HermanTalmadge.htm">"The Censure Case of Herman E. Talmadge of Georgia (1979)"</a>. senate.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Censure+Case+of+Herman+E.+Talmadge+of+Georgia+%281979%29&rft.au=Senate+Historical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fcensure_cases%2F139HermanTalmadge.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-georgiaencyclopedia2-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-georgiaencyclopedia2_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/herman-talmadge-1913-2002">"Herman Talmadge (1913-2002)"</a>. <i>New Georgia Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Settlement+Ends+Talmadge+Suit+At+Last+Minute&rft.date=1978-12-12&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1978%2F12%2F12%2Fsettlement-ends-talmadge-suit-at-last-minute%2F1d704962-3b2b-4475-8d70-f30d98693df6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://premium.whitepages.com/name/Lynda-Cowart-Talmadge/Hampton-GA/_JqOtSYdhrqFh2sVeBXzJxaMsIVTkb3ywc0bTzEWUVo=?people_address_line_1=&people_max_age=&people_deceased=False&people_postal_code=&people_min_age=&type=person_query">"Account Login | Whitepages Premium"</a>. <i>premium.whitepages.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Drummond Jr. (13 June 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/06/13/archives/mrs-talmadge-tells-of-a-coat-stuffed-with-100-bills-divorced-last.html">"Mrs. Talmadge Tells of a Coat Stuffed With $100 Bills"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mrs.+Talmadge+Tells+of+a+Coat+Stuffed+With+%24100+Bills&rft.date=1979-06-13&rft.aulast=Ayres&rft.aufirst=B.+Drummond+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F06%2F13%2Farchives%2Fmrs-talmadge-tells-of-a-coat-stuffed-with-100-bills-divorced-last.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319104000/http://www.oglethorpe.edu/about_us/history/honorary_degrees.asp">"Honorary Degrees Awarded by Oglethorpe University"</a>. Oglethorpe University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oglethorpe.edu/about_us/history/honorary_degrees.asp">the original</a> on 2015-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Degrees+Awarded+by+Oglethorpe+University&rft.pub=Oglethorpe+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oglethorpe.edu%2Fabout_us%2Fhistory%2Fhonorary_degrees.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/160d27a38565c19444ad594b28dcfa0f">"Former Ga. Gov. Talmadge Dies"</a>. <i>AP NEWS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Former+Ga.+Gov.+Talmadge+Dies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F160d27a38565c19444ad594b28dcfa0f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Talmadge&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-590">New Georgia Encyclopedia Article</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051217200845/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-590">Archived</a> 2005-12-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Books Library, Emory University: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/8zxwk">Betty Talmadge papers, 1932–1981</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressT000035" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000035">"Herman Talmadge (id: T000035)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Herman+Talmadge+%28id%3A+T000035%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DT000035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Talmadge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Oral History Interviews with Herman Talmadge <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0331-1/menu.html">Herman Talmadge and Jack Nelson, conducted by Oral History Interview with Herman Talmadge, July 15 and 24, 1975. Interview A-0331-1. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007).</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0331-2/menu.html">Herman Talmadge and Jack Nelson, conducted by Oral History Interview with Herman Talmadge, July 29 and August 1, 1975. Interview A-0331-2. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007).</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0331-3/menu.html">Herman Talmadge and Jack Nelson, conducted by Oral History Interview with Herman Talmadge, December 18, 1975. Interview A-0331-3. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007).</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0347/menu.html">Herman Talmadge and John Egerton, conducted by Oral History Interview with Herman Talmadge, November 8, 1990. Interview A-0347. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007).</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/">Oral Histories of the American South Oral History Interviews, 1985–1995. Georgia's Political Heritage Program, (University of West Georgia. Carrollton, Ga.</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.95891">"Longines Chronoscope with Herman Talmadge</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/historical_markers/county/fulton/talmadge-plaza">Talmadge Plaza</a> historical marker</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Arnall" title="Ellis Arnall">Ellis Arnall</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> </b><br />1947 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_E._Thompson" title="Melvin E. Thompson">Melvin E. Thompson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_E._Thompson" title="Melvin E. Thompson">Melvin E. Thompson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> </b><br />1948–1955 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Griffin" title="Marvin Griffin">Marvin Griffin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">Eugene Talmadge</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1948_Georgia_gubernatorial_special_election" title="1948 Georgia gubernatorial special election">1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/1950_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1950 Georgia gubernatorial election">1950</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Griffin" title="Marvin Griffin">Marvin Griffin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">Walter F. George</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 3</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1956 United States Senate election in Georgia">1956</a>, <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1962 United States Senate election in Georgia">1962</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1968 United States Senate election in Georgia">1968</a>, <a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1974 United States Senate election in Georgia">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1980 United States Senate election in Georgia">1980</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wyche_Fowler" title="Wyche Fowler">Wyche Fowler</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">Walter F. George</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia">U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Georgia</a> </b><br />1957–1981 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Russell_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Richard B. Russell Jr.">Richard B. Russell Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Gambrell" title="David H. Gambrell">David H. Gambrell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mack_Mattingly" title="Mack Mattingly">Mack Mattingly</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Allen J. Ellender</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition,_and_Forestry" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry">Senate Agriculture Committee</a> </b><br />1971–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Jesse Helms</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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of Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Georgia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">Governors of Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1777–<i>present</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Bulloch" title="Archibald Bulloch">Bulloch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Button_Gwinnett" title="Button Gwinnett">Gwinnett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Treutlen" title="John A. Treutlen">Treutlen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Houstoun" title="John Houstoun">Houstoun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Glascock" title="William Glascock">Glascock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seth_John_Cuthbert" title="Seth John Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wereat" title="John Wereat">Wereat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howly" title="Richard Howly">Howly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_(Georgia_politician)" title="George Wells (Georgia politician)">George Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Wells" title="Humphrey Wells">Humphrey Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Heard" title="Stephen Heard">Heard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Myrick_Davies" title="Myrick Davies">Davies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Brownson" title="Nathan Brownson">Brownson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(Governor_of_Georgia)" title="John Martin (Governor of Georgia)">Martin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Hall" title="Lyman Hall">Hall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Houstoun" title="John Houstoun">Houstoun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Elbert" title="Samuel Elbert">Elbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Telfair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(soldier)" title="George Mathews (soldier)">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Handley_(politician)" title="George Handley (politician)">Handley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Telfair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(soldier)" title="George Mathews (soldier)">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Irwin" title="Jared Irwin">Irwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Emanuel_(Governor_of_Georgia)" title="David Emanuel (Governor of Georgia)">Emanuel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Tattnall_(politician)" title="Josiah Tattnall (politician)">Tattnall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Irwin" title="Jared Irwin">Irwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Brydie_Mitchell" title="David Brydie Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Early" title="Peter Early">Early</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Brydie_Mitchell" title="David Brydie Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Rabun" title="William Rabun">Rabun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Talbot" title="Matthew Talbot">Talbot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Clark_(Georgia_governor)" title="John Clark (Georgia governor)">Clark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Rockingham_Gilmer" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rockingham Gilmer">Gilmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Lumpkin" title="Wilson Lumpkin">Lumpkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Schley" title="William Schley">Schley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Rockingham_Gilmer" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rockingham Gilmer">Gilmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_McDonald" title="Charles James McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">Crawford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Towns" title="George W. Towns">Towns</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">J. E. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Johnson (Georgia politician)">J. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Jenkins" title="Charles J. Jenkins">Jenkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ruger" title="Thomas H. Ruger">Ruger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Bullock" title="Rufus Bullock">Bullock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Conley" title="Benjamin F. Conley">Conley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Milton_Smith" title="James Milton Smith">J. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Colquitt" title="Alfred H. Colquitt">Colquitt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Stephens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_S._Boynton" title="James S. Boynton">Boynton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dickerson_McDaniel" title="Henry Dickerson McDaniel">McDaniel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">Gordon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Northen" title="William J. Northen">Northen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Yates_Atkinson" title="William Yates Atkinson">Atkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allen_D._Candler" title="Allen D. Candler">Candler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Terrell" title="Joseph M. Terrell">Terrell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mackey_Brown" title="Joseph Mackey Brown">J. M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Slaton" title="John M. Slaton">Slaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mackey_Brown" title="Joseph Mackey Brown">J. M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Slaton" title="John M. Slaton">Slaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Edwin_Harris" title="Nathaniel Edwin Harris">N. Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dorsey" title="Hugh Dorsey">Dorsey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Hardwick" title="Thomas W. Hardwick">Hardwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Walker" title="Clifford Walker">Walker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lamartine_Griffin_Hardman" title="Lamartine Griffin Hardman">Hardman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">E. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurith_D._Rivers" title="Eurith D. Rivers">Rivers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">E. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Arnall" title="Ellis Arnall">Arnall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_E._Thompson" title="Melvin E. Thompson">Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Griffin" title="Marvin Griffin">Griffin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Vandiver" title="Ernest Vandiver">Vandiver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sanders" title="Carl Sanders">Sanders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Maddox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Busbee" title="George Busbee">Busbee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Frank_Harris" title="Joe Frank Harris">J. Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller">Miller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Barnes" title="Roy Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Perdue" title="Sonny Perdue">Perdue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Deal" title="Nathan Deal">Deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Kemp</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/50px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/75px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/100px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="297" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Georgia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="Template:United States senators from Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="Template talk:United States senators from Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Georgia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia">United States senators from Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Few" title="William Few">Few</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Tattnall_(politician)" title="Josiah Tattnall (politician)">Tattnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Jones (U.S. senator)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bellinger_Bulloch" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bellinger Bulloch">Bulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyatt_Bibb" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wyatt Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Walker" title="Freeman Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ware" title="Nicholas Ware">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Cobb" title="Thomas W. Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_H._Prince" title="Oliver H. Prince">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pendleton_King" title="John Pendleton King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Lumpkin" title="Wilson Lumpkin">Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Charlton" title="Robert M. Charlton">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Toombs" title="Robert Toombs">Toombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_V._M._Miller" title="Homer V. M. Miller">H. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Norwood" title="Thomas M. Norwood">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harvey_Hill" title="Benjamin Harvey Hill">B. Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Barrow" title="Pope Barrow">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Colquitt" title="Alfred H. Colquitt">A. Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Walsh_(Southern_U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Walsh (Southern U.S. politician)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_West" title="William Stanley West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Hardwick" title="Thomas W. Hardwick">Hardwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Harris" title="William J. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Cohen" title="John S. Cohen">Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Gambrell" title="David H. Gambrell">Gambrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Cleland" title="Max Cleland">Cleland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxby_Chambliss" title="Saxby Chambliss">Chambliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Perdue" title="David Perdue">Perdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Ossoff</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn (senator)">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tait_(politician)" title="Charles Tait (politician)">Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elliott_(Georgia_politician)" title="John Elliott (Georgia politician)">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cuthbert" title="Alfred Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_T._Colquitt" title="Walter T. Colquitt">W. Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crosby_Dawson" class="mw-redirect" title="William Crosby Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Iverson_Sr." title="Alfred Iverson Sr.">Iverson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Hill_(politician)" title="Joshua Hill (politician)">J. Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Clay" title="Alexander S. Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Terrell" title="Joseph M. Terrell">Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Watson" title="Thomas E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Latimer_Felton" title="Rebecca Latimer Felton">Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Talmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Mattingly" title="Mack Mattingly">Mattingly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyche_Fowler" title="Wyche Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Coverdell" title="Paul Coverdell">Coverdell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller">Z. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Isakson" title="Johnny Isakson">Isakson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler" title="Kelly Loeffler">Loeffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Warnock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Agriculture_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Agriculture chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Agriculture_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Agriculture chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Agriculture_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Agriculture chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agriculture<br />(1829–1857; 1863–1881)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Marks_(politician)" title="William Marks (politician)">Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_(Vermont_politician)" title="Horatio Seymour (Vermont politician)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Brown" title="Bedford Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Page_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="John Page (New Hampshire politician)">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Smith_(politician)" title="Perry Smith (politician)">P. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Mouton" title="Alexandre Mouton">Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Linn" title="Lewis F. Linn">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Upham" title="William Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sturgeon" title="Daniel Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Soul%C3%A9" title="Pierre Soulé">Soulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Allen_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Philip Allen (Rhode Island politician)">Allen</a></li> <li><i>(abolished 1857–1863)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_P._Morton" title="Oliver P. Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Theodore_Frelinghuysen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Paddock" title="Algernon Paddock">Paddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Johnston" title="John W. Johnston">Johnston</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agriculture and Forestry<br />(1884–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Miller" title="Warner Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Palmer" title="Thomas W. Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Paddock" title="Algernon Paddock">Paddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Z._George" title="James Z. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Hansbrough" title="Henry C. Hansbrough">Hansbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_P._Dolliver" title="Jonathan P. Dolliver">Dolliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Burnham" title="Henry E. Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gore" title="Thomas Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asle_Gronna" title="Asle Gronna">Gronna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Norris" title="George W. Norris">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._McNary" title="Charles L. McNary">McNary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">E. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Thomas" title="Elmer Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Capper" title="Arthur Capper">Capper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Thomas" title="Elmer Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Talmadge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry<br />(1977–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Talmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Harkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Harkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thad_Cochran" title="Thad Cochran">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxby_Chambliss" title="Saxby Chambliss">Chambliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Harkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Lincoln" title="Blanche Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Stabenow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Roberts" title="Pat Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Stabenow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356029#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356029#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356029#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000073683165">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/18512207">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/48457/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv4qwcdDGvjXJTvvvQQbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118887769">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80002583">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16173347t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16173347t">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000035">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/105964255">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582681">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6db8520">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" 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