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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thailand" title="Politics of Thailand">Politics of Thailand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/165px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/220px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="398" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thailand_flag_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thailand_flag_bar.svg/200px-Thailand_flag_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thailand_flag_bar.svg/300px-Thailand_flag_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thailand_flag_bar.svg/400px-Thailand_flag_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="12" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Thailand" title="Law of Thailand">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Thailand" title="Human rights in Thailand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Thailand">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/30px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/45px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/60px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Rama_(Kings_of_Thailand)" title="Rama (Kings of Thailand)">The King</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_monarchs" title="List of Thai monarchs">List</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a> (Rama X) </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Thailand#Heirs-apparent_and_heirs-presumptive_to_the_throne" title="Crown Prince of Thailand">Heir presumptive</a></b></i></li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dipangkorn_Rasmijoti" title="Dipangkorn Rasmijoti">Dipangkorn Rasmijoti</a></i> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces">Head of the Royal Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakri_dynasty" title="Chakri dynasty">Royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Palace_Law_of_Succession" title="1924 Palace Law of Succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_of_Thailand" title="Regent of Thailand">Regent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Thailand" title="Privy Council of Thailand">Privy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Royal_Household" title="Bureau of the Royal Household">Bureau of the Royal Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Security_Command" title="Royal Security Command">Royal Security Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Property_Bureau" title="Crown Property Bureau">Crown Property Bureau</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Thailand" title="Government of Thailand">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="469" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Thailand" title="List of prime ministers of Thailand">list</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn Shinawatra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>) </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Phumtham_Wechayachai" title="Phumtham Wechayachai">Phumtham Wechayachai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>) <a href="/wiki/Suriya_Juangroongruangkit" title="Suriya Juangroongruangkit">Suriya Juangroongruangkit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul" title="Anutin Charnvirakul">Anutin Charnvirakul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bhumjai_Thai_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhumjai Thai Party">BTP</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Pirapan_Salirathavibhaga" title="Pirapan Salirathavibhaga">Pirapan Salirathavibhaga</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Thai_Nation_Party" title="United Thai Nation Party">UTN</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Pichai_Chunhavajira" title="Pichai Chunhavajira">Pichai Chunhavajira</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Prasert_Jantararuangtong" title="Prasert Jantararuangtong">Prasert Jantararuangtong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>) </p> <hr /> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_cabinet" title="Paetongtarn cabinet">64th Council of Ministers</a></dd></dl> <hr /> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Thailand" title="Cabinet of Thailand">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cabinet_Ministries_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cabinet Ministries of Thailand">Ministries</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_Thai_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent agencies of the Thai government">Independent agencies</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Thailand">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Thailand" title="President of the National Assembly of Thailand">President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Wan_Muhamad_Noor_Matha" title="Wan Muhamad Noor Matha">Wan Muhamad Noor Matha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prachachat_Party" title="Prachachat Party">PCC</a>) </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_Thailand" title="List of presidents of the Senate of Thailand">Vice President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mongkol_Surasajja" title="Mongkol Surasajja">Mongkol Surasajja</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Thailand)" title="House of Representatives (Thailand)">House of Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg/50px-26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of speakers of the House of Representatives of Thailand">Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Wan_Muhamad_Noor_Matha" title="Wan Muhamad Noor Matha">Wan Muhamad Noor Matha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prachachat_Party" title="Prachachat Party">PCC</a>) </p> <ul><li><b>Deputy Speakers</b></li></ul> <p>Pichet Chuamuangphan (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>)<br /> Paradorn Prissanananthakul (<a href="/wiki/Bhumjai_Thai_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhumjai Thai Party">BTP</a>) </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Thailand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Thailand)">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Natthaphong_Ruengpanyawut" title="Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut">Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Thailand,_2024)" title="People's Party (Thailand, 2024)">PP</a>) </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_of_Thailand_(2024).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg/50px-Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg/75px-Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg/100px-Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_Thailand" title="List of presidents of the Senate of Thailand">President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mongkol_Surasajja" title="Mongkol Surasajja">Mongkol Surasajja</a> </p> <ul><li><b>Vice Presidents</b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Kriangkrai_Srirak" title="Kriangkrai Srirak">Kriangkrai Srirak</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bunsong_Noisophon" title="Bunsong Noisophon">Bunsong Noisophon</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li>13th Senate of Thailand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Thai_House_of_Representatives" title="2023 Thai House of Representatives">26th Thai House of Representatives</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png/30px-Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png/45px-Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png/60px-Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="819" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Thailand" title="Supreme Court of Thailand">Supreme Court</a></b></li></ul> <p>President: Chanakarn Theeravechpolkul </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Court_of_Thailand" title="Administrative Court of Thailand">Administrative Court</a></b></li></ul> <p>President: Prasitsak Meelarp </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court</a></b></li></ul> <p>President: <a href="/wiki/Nakarin_Mektrairat" title="Nakarin Mektrairat">Nakarin Mektrairat</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Court_of_Thailand" title="Criminal Court of Thailand">Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_courts_of_Thailand" title="Military courts of Thailand">Military Courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Thailand" title="Elections in Thailand">Elections & referendums</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">Recent elections & referendums <ul><li><b>General Elections</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_general_election" title="2014 Thai general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Thai_general_election" title="2019 Thai general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Thai_general_election" title="2023 Thai general election">2023</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Next_Thai_general_election" title="Next Thai general election">next</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Senate Elections</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Thai_Senate_election" title="2006 Thai Senate election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Thai_Senate_election" title="2008 Thai Senate election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_Senate_election" title="2014 Thai Senate election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Thai_Senate_election" title="2024 Thai Senate election">2024</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Referendums</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Thai_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Thai constitutional referendum">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Thai_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Thai constitutional referendum">2016</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Local elections</b></li></ul> <ul><li>Bangkok</li> <li>Pattaya</li> <li>Provincial</li> <li>Subdistrict</li> <li>Municipalities</li> <li>Village</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Thailand" title="Election Commission of Thailand">Election Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Thailand" title="List of political parties in Thailand">Political Parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_government_of_Thailand" title="Organization of the government of Thailand">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Interior (Thailand)">Ministry of Interior</a> <ul><li><b>Provincial</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Thailand" title="Provinces of Thailand">Provinces</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governors_in_Thailand" title="List of provincial governors in Thailand">Governors</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphoe">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambon" title="Tambon">Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muban" title="Muban">Village</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Local</b></li></ul> <ul><li>Provincial Administrative Organisation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thesaban#City-municipality" title="Thesaban">City Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thesaban#Town-municipality" title="Thesaban">Town Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thesaban#Subdistrict-municipality" title="Thesaban">Subdistrict Municipality</a></li> <li>Subdistrict Administrative Organisation</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Special</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Administration#Governor_of_Bangkok" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Administration">Governor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattaya" title="Pattaya">Pattaya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Thailand" title="Foreign relations of Thailand">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Thailand" title="List of diplomatic missions of Thailand">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Thailand" title="List of diplomatic missions in Thailand">in Thailand</a> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Thai_passport" title="Thai passport">Passport</a> <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Thai_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Thai citizens">Visa requirements</a> <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Thailand" title="Visa policy of Thailand">Visa policy</a> </p> <hr /> <p>Borders : <a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Cambodia–Thailand border">Cambodia</a> <a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Laos–Thailand border">Laos</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Malaysia–Thailand border">Malaysia</a> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Myanmar–Thailand border">Myanmar</a> (Maritime : India <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Indonesia–Thailand border">Indonesia</a> Vietnam) </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Thailand" title="Foreign aid to Thailand">Foreign aid</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">ACD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong_River_Commission" title="Mekong River Commission">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">EAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">RCEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">MNNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_Economic_Framework" title="Indo-Pacific Economic Framework">IPEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">MGC</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Political unrest</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><i>After reunited in 1767</i> <ul><li><b>Political crisis</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front_Palace_Crisis" title="Front Palace Crisis">Front Palace Crisis</a> (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="th:">Peace Rebellion</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_peasant_revolts_in_Thailand" title="1970s peasant revolts in Thailand">1970s peasant revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Thai_popular_uprising" title="1973 Thai popular uprising">1973 popular uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_October_1976_massacre" title="6 October 1976 massacre">6 October 1976 massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1992)" title="Black May (1992)">Black May (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%932006_Thai_political_crisis" title="2005–2006 Thai political crisis">2005–2006 political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Thai_political_crisis" title="2008 Thai political crisis">2008 political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Thai_political_unrest" title="2009 Thai political unrest">2009 political unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Thai_political_protests" title="2010 Thai political protests">2010 political protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Thai_political_crisis" title="2013–2014 Thai political crisis">2013–2014 political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Thai_protests" title="2020–2021 Thai protests">2020–2021 protests</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Military coups</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Revolt_of_1912" title="Palace Revolt of 1912">Palace Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_revolution_of_1932" title="Siamese revolution of 1932">Revolution of 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1933_Siamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="April 1933 Siamese coup d'état">April 1933 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1933_Siamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="June 1933 Siamese coup d'état">June 1933 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boworadet_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Boworadet rebellion">Boworadet rebellion</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_the_Sergeants" title="Rebellion of the Sergeants">Rebellion of the Sergeants</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songsuradet_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Songsuradet Rebellion">Songsuradet Rebellion</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1947 Thai coup d'état">1947 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Thai coup d'état">1948 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_General_Staff_plot" title="Army General Staff plot">Army General Staff plot</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Rebellion" title="Palace Rebellion">Palace Rebellion</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Rebellion" title="Manhattan Rebellion">Manhattan Rebellion</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Coup_(Thailand)" title="Silent Coup (Thailand)">Silent Coup</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2500" class="extiw" title="th:รัฐประหารในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2500">1957 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2501" class="extiw" title="th:รัฐประหารในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2501">1958 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2507" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏ พ.ศ. 2507">Rebellion of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2514" class="extiw" title="th:รัฐประหารในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2514">1971 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2519" class="extiw" title="th:รัฐประหารในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2519">1976 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1977_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1977 Thai coup d'état attempt">March 1977 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1977_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="October 1977 Thai coup d'état">October 1977 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Thai_military_rebellion" title="1981 Thai military rebellion">1981 military rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 Thai coup d'état attempt">1985 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Thai coup d'état">1991 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Thai coup d'état">2006 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 coup d'état</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Thailand" title="Terrorism in Thailand">Terrorism</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Bangkok_Embassy_hostage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis">Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_attack_on_the_Myanmar_Embassy_in_Bangkok" title="1999 attack on the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok">1999 attack on the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South insurgency</a> (2004–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Bangkok_bombings" title="2012 Bangkok bombings">2012 Bangkok bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bangkok_bombing" title="2015 Bangkok bombing">2015 Bangkok bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bangkok_bombings" title="2019 Bangkok bombings">2019 Bangkok bombings</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Conflicts</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taksin%27s_reunification_of_Siam" title="Taksin's reunification of Siam">Taksin's reunification</a> (1767–1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rebellion_(1811%E2%80%931812)" title="Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)">Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏอ้ายสาเกียดโง้ง">Ai Sa Kiad Ngong rebellion</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_rebellion_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Lao rebellion (1826–1828)">Lao rebellion (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏหวันหมาดหลี">Kedahan rebellion</a> (1838–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haw_wars" title="Haw wars">Haw wars</a> (1865–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Man%27s_Rebellion" title="Holy Man's Rebellion">Holy Man's Rebellion</a> (1901–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngiao_rebellion" title="Ngiao rebellion">Ngiao rebellion</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%AD" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏดุซงญอ">Dusun Nyor Rebellion</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏแบ่งแยกดินแดน">Separatist Rebellion</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency</a> (1965–1983)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Foreign relations crisis</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Thailand" title="List of wars involving Thailand">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Diamond_Affair" title="Blue Diamond Affair">Blue Diamond Affair</a> (1989–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Phnom_Penh_riots" title="2003 Phnom Penh riots">2003 Phnom Penh riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute</a> (2008–2011)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand" title="History of Thailand">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Thailand" title="Demographics of Thailand">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Thailand" title="Economy of Thailand">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Thailand" title="Education in Thailand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Thailand" title="Crime in Thailand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Thailand" title="Bank of Thailand">Bank of Thailand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/32px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/48px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/64px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Thailand portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Thailand" title="Template:Politics of Thailand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Thailand" title="Template talk:Politics of Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Thailand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>judiciary of Thailand</b> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">ฝ่ายตุลาการไทย</span>; <small><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: </small><span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i lang="th-Latn">Fai Tulakan Thai</i></span>) is composed of four distinct systems: the Court of Justice, the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Court_of_Thailand" title="Administrative Court of Thailand">Administrative Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_courts_of_Thailand" title="Military courts of Thailand">military courts</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court of Thailand</a>. The current <a href="/wiki/Judicial_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial system">judicial system</a> is organized in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/2007_Constitution_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Constitution of Thailand">2007 Constitution of Thailand</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Asian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Asian Human Rights Commission">Asian Human Rights Commission</a> has called the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Thailand" title="Law of Thailand">Thai legal system</a> a "mess" and called for a drastic overhaul of Thailand's criminal procedures. It cited the rampant use of <a href="/wiki/Forced_confession" title="Forced confession">forced confessions</a>, and the fact that even a senior justice ministry official admitted that 30 percent of cases went to court with no <a href="/wiki/Evidence_(law)" title="Evidence (law)">evidence</a>. No <a href="/wiki/Transcript_(law)" title="Transcript (law)">stenographic records</a> are made by the trial court and the record is composed of what the judges decide. It also criticized the judiciary for failing to ensure that <a href="/wiki/Speedy_trial" title="Speedy trial">trials are conducted speedily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research judges assist the sitting judges. Judges must take an examination and two different examinations are given: one exam is for judges trained in Thailand and a different examination is given for judges who graduate from foreign law schools. All judges are formally appointed by <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">the king</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Courts_of_Justice">Courts of Justice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Courts of Justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Court_of_Thailand" title="Criminal Court of Thailand">Criminal Court of Thailand</a></div> <p>The Courts of Justice of Thailand (ศาลยุติธรรม) is the largest of the court systems and makes up the majority of courts in the kingdom. The courts as mandated in the constitution consists of three tiers: the court of first instance (ศาลชั้นต้น), the court of appeals (ศาลอุทธรณ์), and the court of last resort, that is, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Thailand" title="Supreme Court of Thailand">Supreme Court of Thailand</a> (ศาลฎีกา). </p><p>The current president of the Supreme Court of Justice is Veerapol Tungsuwan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_courts">Administrative courts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administrative courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Court_of_Thailand" title="Administrative Court of Thailand">Administrative Court of Thailand</a></div> <p>The administrative court system (ศาลปกครอง) is composed of two tiers: The administrative courts of first instance (ศาลปกครองชั้นต้น) and the administrative court of last resort, that is, the Supreme Administrative Court (ศาลปกครองสูงสุด). The court system was first created in 1997, the court's main jurisdiction is to settle litigation between the state or an organ of state (government ministries, departments, and independent agencies) and private citizens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_vs_criminal">Civil vs criminal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Civil vs criminal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State">Council of State</a> is considering adjusting the definition of certain criminal offences so they are punishable by administrative penalties rather than criminal imprisonment. The high number of criminal cases are overwhelming the court system and overcrowding jails nationwide. Thailand reportedly ranked sixth in the world in terms of the number of criminal suspects in the judicial process, about 300,000 persons. The state reportedly spends about 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">baht</a> per criminal case — including the wages of police, judges and related officials — and only 6,000 baht per civil lawsuit, according to a study by <a href="/wiki/Thailand_Development_Research_Institute" title="Thailand Development Research Institute">Thailand Development Research Institute</a>. While serious crimes such as theft and murder would still be subject to criminal prosecution, other offences, such as those involving cheque payments or copyright infringement, could be punished by administrative penalties to unburden the criminal court system.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_Court">Constitutional Court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Constitutional Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court of Thailand</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rulings_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Rulings of the Constitutional Court of Thailand">Rulings of the Constitutional Court of Thailand</a></div> <p>First set up in 1997, the Constitutional Court of Thailand (ศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ) was created solely as a high court to settle matters pertaining to the constitution. The court has since accumulated huge amounts of power and influence in the wake of the 2006 and 2014 military coups and the constitutions they created, engaging in what critics of the court call political coups, ousting prime ministers from office, and climaxing in a ruling in 2013 that parliament could not amend the constitution according to its terms to elect all senators because that would violate the court's definition of a "democratic regime". In May 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that the Thai prime minister and nine other cabinet ministers had to resign due to malfeasance. Questions have been raised not only over the court's increasing power over this matter, but why the Supreme Court, which apparently has jurisdiction in such cases, did not adjudicate. There have been repeated calls for reform or outright elimination of the court because of its politicization.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Thailand" title="Government of Thailand">Government of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">Constitution of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Thailand" title="Law of Thailand">Law of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Khanakorn_Pianchana" title="Suicide of Khanakorn Pianchana">Suicide of Khanakorn Pianchana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M&C, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.monstersandcritics.com/asiapacific/news/article_1282824.php/Human_rights_group_slams_Thailands_judicial_system">Human rights group slams Thailand's judicial system</a>, 26 March 2007 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714234850/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/asiapacific/news/article_1282824.php/Human_rights_group_slams_Thailands_judicial_system">Archived</a> 14 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSalaytoo2017" class="citation news cs1">Salaytoo, Chakkawal (14 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/national/30326612">"Plan to redefine 'serious' crime to reduce incarceration being considered"</a>. <i>The Nation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Plan+to+redefine+%27serious%27+crime+to+reduce+incarceration+being+considered&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.aulast=Salaytoo&rft.aufirst=Chakkawal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationmultimedia.com%2Fdetail%2Fnational%2F30326612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudiciary+of+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecourt.or.th/webportal/supremecourt/list.php">Supreme Court of Justice of Thailand</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120524183205/http://www.admincourt.go.th/amc_eng/login_eng.aspx">Supreme Administrative Court of Thailand</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522203111/http://www.constitutionalcourt.or.th/english//">Constitutional Court of Thailand</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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Thailand">list</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Monarchy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">King of Thailand</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_monarchs" title="List of Thai monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Thailand" title="Crown Prince of Thailand">Crown Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Thailand" title="Privy Council of Thailand">Privy Council</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="398" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister of Thailand</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Thailand" title="List of prime ministers of Thailand">list</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Thailand" title="Cabinet of Thailand">Council of Ministers of Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Thailand)" title="National Assembly (Thailand)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Thailand)" title="House of Representatives (Thailand)">House of Representatives</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Thailand" title="Supreme Court of Thailand">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Court_of_Thailand" title="Criminal Court of Thailand">Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Court_of_Thailand" title="Administrative Court of Thailand">Administrative Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Court_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Court of Thailand">Military Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministries_of_Thailand" title="List of government ministries of Thailand">Ministries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Thailand)" title="Office of the Prime Minister (Thailand)">Office of the Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Cooperatives_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (Thailand)">Agriculture and Cooperatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Commerce (Thailand)">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Culture (Thailand)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Defence (Thailand)">Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Army" title="Royal Thai Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy" title="Royal Thai Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Air_Force" title="Royal Thai Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Education (Thailand)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Energy (Thailand)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Finance (Thailand)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Digital_Economy_and_Society" title="Ministry of Digital Economy and Society"> Digital Economy and Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Industry (Thailand)">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Interior (Thailand)">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Justice (Thailand)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Labour (Thailand)">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Thailand)">Natural Resources and Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Health_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Public Health (Thailand)">Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education,_Science,_Research_and_Innovation" title="Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation">Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Development_and_Human_Security_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Social Development and Human Security (Thailand)">Social Development and Human Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_and_Sports_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Thailand)">Tourism and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Transport (Thailand)">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_organizations_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional organizations of Thailand">Constitutional<br />organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Thailand" title="Election Commission of Thailand">Office of the Election Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Ombudsman_(Thailand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Ombudsman (Thailand)">Office of the Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Corruption_Commission_(Thailand)" title="National Anti-Corruption Commission (Thailand)">National Anti-Corruption Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Audit_Commission_(Thailand)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Audit Commission (Thailand) (page does not exist)">State Audit Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Attorney_General_(Thailand)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Attorney General (Thailand) (page does not exist)">Office of the Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Thailand)" title="National Human Rights Commission (Thailand)">National Human Rights Commission of Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent <br />departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Royal_Household" title="Bureau of the Royal Household">Bureau of the Royal Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Office_of_Buddhism" title="National Office of Buddhism">National Office of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Royal_Development_Projects_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Royal Development Projects Board (page does not exist)">Office of the Royal Development Projects Board</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_National_Research_Council_of_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the National Research Council of Thailand (page does not exist)">Office of the National Research Council of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Thailand" title="Royal Society of Thailand">Royal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Royal Thai Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Money_Laundering_Office_(Thailand)" title="Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand)">Anti-Money Laundering Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent <br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Thailand" title="Bank of Thailand">Bank of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Securities_and_Exchange_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Securities and Exchange Commission (page does not exist)">Office of the Securities and Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insurance_Commission" title="Office of Insurance Commission">Office of Insurance Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Energy_Regulatory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Energy Regulatory Commission (page does not exist)">Office of the Energy Regulatory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Public_Broadcasting_Service" title="Thai Public Broadcasting Service">Thai Public Broadcasting Service</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deposit_Protection_Agency_(Thailand)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deposit Protection Agency (Thailand) (page does not exist)">Deposit Protection Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission">Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/16px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/24px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/32px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Thailand portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Thailand" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Thailand">WikiProject</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_of_Thailand" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Government of Thailand">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Thailand" title="Category:Government of Thailand">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thailand_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thailand_topics" title="Template:Thailand topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thailand_topics" title="Template talk:Thailand topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thailand_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thailand topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thailand_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Thailand" title="Outline of Thailand">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand" title="History of Thailand">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Thailand" title="Prehistoric Thailand">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Thailand" title="Peopling of Thailand">Peopling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Thailand" title="Early history of Thailand">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_states_of_Thailand" title="Initial states of Thailand">Initial states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom" title="Sukhothai Kingdom">Sukhothai Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonburi_Kingdom" title="Thonburi Kingdom">Thonburi Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782%E2%80%931932)" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)">Rattanakosin era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_revolution_of_1932" title="Siamese revolution of 1932">Siamese Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand_(1932%E2%80%931973)" title="History of Thailand (1932–1973)">1932–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="History of Thailand (1973–2001)">1973–2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand_since_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thailand since 2001">since 2001</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_Thailand" title="Category:Archaeology of Thailand">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of Thailand">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="History of education in Thailand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Thailand" title="Military history of Thailand">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Thailand" title="Geography of Thailand">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_addressing_system" title="Thai addressing system">Addresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Thailand" title="Template:Borders of Thailand">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Thailand" title="List of municipalities in Thailand">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Thailand">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Thailand" title="List of earthquakes in Thailand">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Thailand" title="List of ecoregions in Thailand">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floods_in_Thailand" title="Floods in Thailand">Floods in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Thailand" title="Environmental issues in Thailand">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Thailand" title="List of islands of Thailand">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Thailand" title="List of mountains in Thailand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Thailand">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Thailand" title="Provinces of Thailand">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Thailand" title="Regions of Thailand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_systems_of_Thailand" title="River systems of Thailand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Thailand" title="List of volcanoes in Thailand">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_native_to_Thailand" title="List of species native to Thailand">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Thailand" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Thailand">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thailand" title="Politics of Thailand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Thailand" title="Administrative divisions of Thailand">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Thailand" title="Cabinet of Thailand">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Thailand" title="Elections in Thailand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Thailand" title="Election Commission of Thailand">Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Thailand" title="Foreign relations of Thailand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Thailand" title="Government of Thailand">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Thailand" title="Human rights in Thailand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Thailand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thai_intelligence_agencies" title="Category:Thai intelligence agencies">Intelligence agencies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Thailand" title="Law of Thailand">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Localism in Thailand">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministries_of_Thailand" title="List of government ministries of Thailand">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Thailand">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Army" title="Royal Thai Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy" title="Royal Thai Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Air_Force" title="Royal Thai Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Thailand">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Thailand)" title="House of Representatives (Thailand)">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Thailand" title="List of political parties in Thailand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Thailand" title="Economy of Thailand">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Thailand" title="Agriculture in Thailand">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Baht <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Thailand" title="List of banks in Thailand">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Thailand" title="Bank of Thailand">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Thailand" title="Automotive industry in Thailand">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Thailand" title="Energy in Thailand">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Thailand" title="Nuclear power in Thailand">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Thailand" title="Renewable energy in Thailand">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturing in Thailand">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_special_economic_zones#Thailand" title="List of special economic zones">Special economic zones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Economic_Corridor" title="Eastern Economic Corridor">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central%E2%80%93Western_Economic_Corridor" title="Central–Western Economic Corridor">CWEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Economic_Corridor" title="Northern Economic Corridor">NEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Economic_Corridor" title="Northeastern Economic Corridor">NEEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Economic_Corridor" title="Southern Economic Corridor">SEC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and technology in Thailand">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Thai inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_units_of_measurement" title="Thai units of measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_medicine" title="Traditional Thai medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Exchange_of_Thailand" title="Stock Exchange of Thailand">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Thailand" title="Telecommunications in Thailand">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Thailand" title="Tourism in Thailand">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Thailand" title="Transport in Thailand">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Thailand" title="List of airports in Thailand">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highways_in_Thailand" title="Controlled-access highways in Thailand">Controlled-access highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Thailand" title="Rail transport in Thailand">Railways</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Thailand" title="Category:Society of Thailand">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Thailand" title="Abortion in Thailand">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Thailand" title="Crime in Thailand">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Thailand" title="Corruption in Thailand">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté in Thailand">Lèse majesté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Thailand" title="Prostitution in Thailand">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Thailand" title="Sex trafficking in Thailand">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Thailand" title="Demographics of Thailand">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Thailand" title="Education in Thailand">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Thailand" title="List of universities and colleges in Thailand">Universities and colleges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Ethnic groups in Thailand">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Thailand" title="Feminism in Thailand">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Thailand" title="Gambling in Thailand">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Thailand" title="Health in Thailand">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Thailand" title="HIV/AIDS in Thailand">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">COVID-19</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Thailand" title="Racism in Thailand">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Thailand" title="Squatting in Thailand">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Thailand" title="Waste management in Thailand">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Water supply and sanitation in Thailand">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Thailand" title="Women in Thailand">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Thailand" title="Culture of Thailand">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_animation" title="Thai animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Thailand" title="Architecture of Thailand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_art" title="Thai art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_comics" title="Thai comics">Comics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_wine" title="Thai wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_television_soap_opera" title="Thai television soap opera">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in Thailand">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Asia#Thailand" title="List of festivals in Asia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_folklore" title="Thai folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_literature" title="Thai literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_poetry" title="Thai poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia_martial_arts#Thailand" title="Mainland Southeast Asia martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Thailand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Thailand" title="Music of Thailand">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Thai musical instruments">Traditional musical instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Thailand" title="Dance in Thailand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Thailand" title="Public holidays in Thailand">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Thailand" title="Sport in Thailand">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Thailand" title="National symbols of Thailand">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Animal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_fighting_fish" title="Siamese fighting fish">Aquatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_fireback" title="Siamese fireback">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81ga#Thailand" title="Nāga">Mythological creature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_National_Anthem" title="Thai National Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sala_Thai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sala Thai">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_Devadhiraj" title="Siam Devadhiraj">Deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Thailand" title="Emblem of Thailand">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Thailand" title="Flag of Thailand">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Flower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Thailand" title="Time in Thailand">Time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">Lunar calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Solar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_traditional_games" title="Thai traditional games">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Thailand" title="Video games in Thailand">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Thailand" title="Outline of Thailand">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Thailand" title="Outline of Thailand">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thailand" title="Category:Thailand">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Judiciaries_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judiciaries_of_Asia" title="Template:Judiciaries of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judiciaries_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Judiciaries of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judiciaries_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judiciaries of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Judiciaries_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Judiciaries of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Afghanistan" title="Judiciary of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Armenia" title="Judiciary of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Azerbaijan" title="Judiciary of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Bahrain" title="Judiciary of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Bangladesh" title="Judiciary of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Cambodia" title="Judiciary of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Cyprus" title="Judiciary of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Egypt" title="Judiciary of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_India" title="Judiciary of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Indonesia" title="Judiciary of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Iraq" title="Judiciary of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Israel" title="Judiciary of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_North_Korea" title="Judiciary of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_South_Korea" title="Judiciary of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Judiciary of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Maldives" title="Judiciary of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Mongolia" title="Judiciary of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Philippines" title="Judiciary of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia" title="Judiciary of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Judiciary of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Judiciary of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Syria" title="Judiciary of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Judiciary of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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