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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaban" title="Thesaban – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thesaban" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaban" title="Thesaban – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thesaban" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%82%AC%EB%B0%98" title="테사반 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테사반" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaban" title="Thesaban – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thesaban" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaban" title="Thesaban – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thesaban" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9C" title="ဒေသပါလ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒေသပါလ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="テーサバーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テーサバーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2" title="เทศบาลในประเทศไทย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทศบาลในประเทศไทย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تھیتسابان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھیتسابان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1155688#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thailand" title="Politics of Thailand">Politics of Thailand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/165px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/220px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="398" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thailand_flag_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thailand_flag_bar.svg/200px-Thailand_flag_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thailand_flag_bar.svg/300px-Thailand_flag_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thailand_flag_bar.svg/400px-Thailand_flag_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="12" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Thailand" title="Law of Thailand">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Thailand" title="Human rights in Thailand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Thailand">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/30px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/45px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/60px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Rama_(Kings_of_Thailand)" title="Rama (Kings of Thailand)">The King</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_monarchs" title="List of Thai monarchs">List</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a> (Rama X) </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Thailand#Heirs-apparent_and_heirs-presumptive_to_the_throne" title="Crown Prince of Thailand">Heir presumptive</a></b></i></li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dipangkorn_Rasmijoti" title="Dipangkorn Rasmijoti">Dipangkorn Rasmijoti</a></i> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces">Head of the Royal Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakri_dynasty" title="Chakri dynasty">Royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Palace_Law_of_Succession" title="1924 Palace Law of Succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_of_Thailand" title="Regent of Thailand">Regent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Thailand" title="Privy Council of Thailand">Privy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Royal_Household" title="Bureau of the Royal Household">Bureau of the Royal Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Security_Command" title="Royal Security Command">Royal Security Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Property_Bureau" title="Crown Property Bureau">Crown Property Bureau</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Thailand" title="Government of Thailand">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_Cabinet_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="469" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Thailand" title="List of prime ministers of Thailand">list</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn Shinawatra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>) </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Phumtham_Wechayachai" title="Phumtham Wechayachai">Phumtham Wechayachai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>) <a href="/wiki/Suriya_Juangroongruangkit" title="Suriya Juangroongruangkit">Suriya Juangroongruangkit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul" title="Anutin Charnvirakul">Anutin Charnvirakul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bhumjai_Thai_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhumjai Thai Party">BTP</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Pirapan_Salirathavibhaga" title="Pirapan Salirathavibhaga">Pirapan Salirathavibhaga</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Thai_Nation_Party" title="United Thai Nation Party">UTN</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Pichai_Chunhavajira" title="Pichai Chunhavajira">Pichai Chunhavajira</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Prasert_Jantararuangtong" title="Prasert Jantararuangtong">Prasert Jantararuangtong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>) </p> <hr /> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_cabinet" title="Paetongtarn cabinet">64th Council of Ministers</a></dd></dl> <hr /> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Thailand" title="Cabinet of Thailand">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cabinet_Ministries_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cabinet Ministries of Thailand">Ministries</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_Thai_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent agencies of the Thai government">Independent agencies</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Thailand">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Thailand" title="President of the National Assembly of Thailand">President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Wan_Muhamad_Noor_Matha" title="Wan Muhamad Noor Matha">Wan Muhamad Noor Matha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prachachat_Party" title="Prachachat Party">PCC</a>) </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_Thailand" title="List of presidents of the Senate of Thailand">Vice President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mongkol_Surasajja" title="Mongkol Surasajja">Mongkol Surasajja</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Thailand)" title="House of Representatives (Thailand)">House of Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg/50px-26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-26th_Thailand_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of speakers of the House of Representatives of Thailand">Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Wan_Muhamad_Noor_Matha" title="Wan Muhamad Noor Matha">Wan Muhamad Noor Matha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prachachat_Party" title="Prachachat Party">PCC</a>) </p> <ul><li><b>Deputy Speakers</b></li></ul> <p>Pichet Chuamuangphan (<a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">PTP</a>)<br /> Paradorn Prissanananthakul (<a href="/wiki/Bhumjai_Thai_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhumjai Thai Party">BTP</a>) </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Thailand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Thailand)">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Natthaphong_Ruengpanyawut" title="Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut">Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Thailand,_2024)" title="People's Party (Thailand, 2024)">PP</a>) </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_of_Thailand_(2024).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg/50px-Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg/75px-Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg/100px-Senate_of_Thailand_%282024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_Thailand" title="List of presidents of the Senate of Thailand">President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mongkol_Surasajja" title="Mongkol Surasajja">Mongkol Surasajja</a> </p> <ul><li><b>Vice Presidents</b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Kriangkrai_Srirak" title="Kriangkrai Srirak">Kriangkrai Srirak</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bunsong_Noisophon" title="Bunsong Noisophon">Bunsong Noisophon</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li>13th Senate of Thailand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Thai_House_of_Representatives" title="2023 Thai House of Representatives">26th Thai House of Representatives</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Thailand" title="Judiciary of Thailand">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png/30px-Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png/45px-Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png/60px-Emblem_of_Court_of_Justice_Thailand.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="819" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Thailand" title="Supreme Court of Thailand">Supreme Court</a></b></li></ul> <p>President: Chanakarn Theeravechpolkul </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Court_of_Thailand" title="Administrative Court of Thailand">Administrative Court</a></b></li></ul> <p>President: Prasitsak Meelarp </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court</a></b></li></ul> <p>President: <a href="/wiki/Nakarin_Mektrairat" title="Nakarin Mektrairat">Nakarin Mektrairat</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Court_of_Thailand" title="Criminal Court of Thailand">Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_courts_of_Thailand" title="Military courts of Thailand">Military Courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Thailand" title="Elections in Thailand">Elections & referendums</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">Recent elections & referendums <ul><li><b>General Elections</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_general_election" title="2014 Thai general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Thai_general_election" title="2019 Thai general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Thai_general_election" title="2023 Thai general election">2023</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Next_Thai_general_election" title="Next Thai general election">next</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Senate Elections</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Thai_Senate_election" title="2006 Thai Senate election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Thai_Senate_election" title="2008 Thai Senate election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_Senate_election" title="2014 Thai Senate election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Thai_Senate_election" title="2024 Thai Senate election">2024</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Referendums</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Thai_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Thai constitutional referendum">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Thai_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Thai constitutional referendum">2016</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Local elections</b></li></ul> <ul><li>Bangkok</li> <li>Pattaya</li> <li>Provincial</li> <li>Subdistrict</li> <li>Municipalities</li> <li>Village</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Thailand" title="Election Commission of Thailand">Election Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Thailand" title="List of political parties in Thailand">Political Parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_government_of_Thailand" title="Organization of the government of Thailand">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Interior (Thailand)">Ministry of Interior</a> <ul><li><b>Provincial</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Thailand" title="Provinces of Thailand">Provinces</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governors_in_Thailand" title="List of provincial governors in Thailand">Governors</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphoe">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambon" title="Tambon">Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muban" title="Muban">Village</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Local</b></li></ul> <ul><li>Provincial Administrative Organisation</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#City-municipality">City Municipality</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Town-municipality">Town Municipality</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Subdistrict-municipality">Subdistrict Municipality</a></li> <li>Subdistrict Administrative Organisation</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Special</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Administration#Governor_of_Bangkok" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Administration">Governor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattaya" title="Pattaya">Pattaya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Thailand" title="Foreign relations of Thailand">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Thailand" title="List of diplomatic missions of Thailand">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Thailand" title="List of diplomatic missions in Thailand">in Thailand</a> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Thai_passport" title="Thai passport">Passport</a> <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Thai_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Thai citizens">Visa requirements</a> <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Thailand" title="Visa policy of Thailand">Visa policy</a> </p> <hr /> <p>Borders : <a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Cambodia–Thailand border">Cambodia</a> <a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Laos–Thailand border">Laos</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Malaysia–Thailand border">Malaysia</a> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Myanmar–Thailand border">Myanmar</a> (Maritime : India <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Indonesia–Thailand border">Indonesia</a> Vietnam) </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Thailand" title="Foreign aid to Thailand">Foreign aid</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">ACD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong_River_Commission" title="Mekong River Commission">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">EAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">RCEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">MNNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_Economic_Framework" title="Indo-Pacific Economic Framework">IPEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">MGC</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Political unrest</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><i>After reunited in 1767</i> <ul><li><b>Political crisis</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front_Palace_Crisis" title="Front Palace Crisis">Front Palace Crisis</a> (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="th:">Peace Rebellion</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_peasant_revolts_in_Thailand" title="1970s peasant revolts in Thailand">1970s peasant revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Thai_popular_uprising" title="1973 Thai popular uprising">1973 popular uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_October_1976_massacre" title="6 October 1976 massacre">6 October 1976 massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1992)" title="Black May (1992)">Black May (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%932006_Thai_political_crisis" title="2005–2006 Thai political crisis">2005–2006 political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Thai_political_crisis" title="2008 Thai political crisis">2008 political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Thai_political_unrest" title="2009 Thai political unrest">2009 political unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Thai_political_protests" title="2010 Thai political protests">2010 political protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Thai_political_crisis" title="2013–2014 Thai political crisis">2013–2014 political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Thai_protests" title="2020–2021 Thai protests">2020–2021 protests</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Military coups</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Revolt_of_1912" title="Palace Revolt of 1912">Palace Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_revolution_of_1932" title="Siamese revolution of 1932">Revolution of 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1933_Siamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="April 1933 Siamese coup d'état">April 1933 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1933_Siamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="June 1933 Siamese coup d'état">June 1933 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boworadet_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Boworadet rebellion">Boworadet rebellion</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_the_Sergeants" title="Rebellion of the Sergeants">Rebellion of the Sergeants</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songsuradet_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Songsuradet Rebellion">Songsuradet Rebellion</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1947 Thai coup d'état">1947 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Thai coup d'état">1948 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_General_Staff_plot" title="Army General Staff plot">Army General Staff plot</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Rebellion" title="Palace Rebellion">Palace Rebellion</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Rebellion" title="Manhattan Rebellion">Manhattan Rebellion</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Coup_(Thailand)" title="Silent Coup (Thailand)">Silent Coup</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2500" class="extiw" title="th:รัฐประหารในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2500">1957 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2501" class="extiw" title="th:รัฐประหารในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2501">1958 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2507" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏ พ.ศ. 2507">Rebellion of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2514" class="extiw" title="th:รัฐประหารในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2514">1971 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2519" class="extiw" title="th:รัฐประหารในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2519">1976 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1977_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1977 Thai coup d'état attempt">March 1977 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1977_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="October 1977 Thai coup d'état">October 1977 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Thai_military_rebellion" title="1981 Thai military rebellion">1981 military rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 Thai coup d'état attempt">1985 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Thai coup d'état">1991 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Thai coup d'état">2006 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 coup d'état</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Thailand" title="Terrorism in Thailand">Terrorism</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Bangkok_Embassy_hostage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis">Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_attack_on_the_Myanmar_Embassy_in_Bangkok" title="1999 attack on the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok">1999 attack on the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South insurgency</a> (2004–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Bangkok_bombings" title="2012 Bangkok bombings">2012 Bangkok bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bangkok_bombing" title="2015 Bangkok bombing">2015 Bangkok bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bangkok_bombings" title="2019 Bangkok bombings">2019 Bangkok bombings</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Conflicts</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taksin%27s_reunification_of_Siam" title="Taksin's reunification of Siam">Taksin's reunification</a> (1767–1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rebellion_(1811%E2%80%931812)" title="Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)">Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏอ้ายสาเกียดโง้ง">Ai Sa Kiad Ngong rebellion</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_rebellion_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Lao rebellion (1826–1828)">Lao rebellion (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏหวันหมาดหลี">Kedahan rebellion</a> (1838–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haw_wars" title="Haw wars">Haw wars</a> (1865–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Man%27s_Rebellion" title="Holy Man's Rebellion">Holy Man's Rebellion</a> (1901–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngiao_rebellion" title="Ngiao rebellion">Ngiao rebellion</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%AD" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏดุซงญอ">Dusun Nyor Rebellion</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" class="extiw" title="th:กบฏแบ่งแยกดินแดน">Separatist Rebellion</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency</a> (1965–1983)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Foreign relations crisis</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Thailand" title="List of wars involving Thailand">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Diamond_Affair" title="Blue Diamond Affair">Blue Diamond Affair</a> (1989–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Phnom_Penh_riots" title="2003 Phnom Penh riots">2003 Phnom Penh riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute</a> (2008–2011)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand" title="History of Thailand">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Thailand" title="Demographics of Thailand">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Thailand" title="Economy of Thailand">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Thailand" title="Education in Thailand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Thailand" title="Crime in Thailand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Thailand" title="Bank of Thailand">Bank of Thailand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/32px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/48px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/64px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Thailand portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Thailand" title="Template:Politics of Thailand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Thailand" title="Template talk:Politics of Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Thailand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surat_Thani_town_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Surat_Thani_town_hall.jpg/220px-Surat_Thani_town_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Surat_Thani_town_hall.jpg/330px-Surat_Thani_town_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Surat_Thani_town_hall.jpg/440px-Surat_Thani_town_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption>Thesaban administration building, <a href="/wiki/Surat_Thani" title="Surat Thani">Surat Thani</a> city</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Thesaban</b> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">เทศบาล</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: </small><span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i lang="th-Latn"><i>thetsaban</i></i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="th-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">[tʰêːt.sā.bāːn]</a></span>) are the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. There are three levels of municipalities: city, town, and sub-district. Bangkok and Pattaya are special municipal entities not included in the <i>thesaban</i> system. </p><p>The municipalities assume some of the responsibilities which are assigned to the districts (<i><a href="/wiki/Amphoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphoe">amphoe</a></i>) or subdistricts (<i><a href="/wiki/Tambon" title="Tambon">tambon</a></i>) for non-municipal (rural) areas. Historically, this <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolution</a> of central government powers grew out of the <a href="/wiki/Sukhaphiban" title="Sukhaphiban">Sukhaphiban</a> (<span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">สุขาภิบาล</span></span>) <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_district" title="Sanitary district">sanitary districts</a> first created in Bangkok by a royal decree of King <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a> in 1897. </p><p>The <i>thesaban</i> system was established in the Thesaban Organization Act of 1934 (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">พระราชบัญญัติจัดระเบียบเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๖</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-1934_act_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1934_act-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been updated several times since, starting with the Thesaban Act of 1939 (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๑</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-1939_act_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1939_act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was replaced by the Thesaban Act of 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-1953_act_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1953_act-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1953 act was most recently amended by the Thesaban Act (No. 12) of 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="width:20em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_government_of_Thailand" title="Organization of the government of Thailand">Administrative divisions<br />of Thailand</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> Provincial divisions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding:0.15em 0 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Thailand" title="Provinces of Thailand">Province</a> (<i>Changwat</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Thailand" title="Districts of Thailand">District</a> (<i>Amphoe</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambon" title="Tambon">Subdistrict</a> (<i>Tambon</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muban" title="Muban">Village</a> (<i>Muban</i>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> Local divisions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding:0.15em 0 0.6em;"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eef;"> First-level</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_administrative_organization" title="Provincial administrative organization">Provincial administrative organisation</a> <br />(<i>Ongkan borihan suan changwat</i>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>† <br />(<i>Krung Thep Maha Nakhon</i>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eef;"> Second-level</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#City_municipality">City municipality</a> <br />(<i>Thesaban nakhon</i>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Town_municipality">Town municipality</a> <br />(<i>Thesaban mueang</i>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Subdistrict_municipality">Subdistrict municipality</a> <br />(<i>Thesaban tambon</i>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Subdistrict administrative organisation <br />(<i>Ongkan borihan suan tambon</i>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pattaya_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattaya City">Pattaya City</a>† <br />(<i>Mueang Pattaya</i>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eef;"> Subdivisions of Bangkok</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Bangkok" title="List of districts of Bangkok">District</a> (<i>Khet</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaeng" title="Khwaeng">Subdistrict</a> (<i>Khwaeng</i>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eef;"> Subdivisions of City municipality</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khwaeng" title="Khwaeng">Khwaeng</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> Note: <span class="nobold">† Special administrative area</span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Thailand" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Thailand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Thailand" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Thailand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City_municipality">City municipality<span class="anchor" id="City-municipality"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thesaban&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: City municipality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Thesaban nakhon</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">เทศบาลนคร</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: </small><span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i lang="th-Latn"><i>thetsaban nakhon</i></i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="th-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">[tʰêːt.sā.bāːn<span class="wrap"> </span>ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn]</a></span>) is translated as "city municipality". To qualify for city status a municipality needs to have a population of at least 50,000 and sufficient income to carry out the tasks of a city. </p><p>When first organized in 1934, the minimum qualifications for city status were a population of 30,000 with a density of 1,000 per km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-1934_act_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1934_act-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939 the required population density was increased to 2,000 per km<sup>2</sup>, along with the addition of a financial requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-1939_act_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1939_act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953 the population density requirement was again raised, to 3,000 per km<sup>2</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-1953_act_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1953_act-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before being removed entirely in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-2000_act_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000_act-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For 22 years, from 1972 to 1994, as well as between March and November 1936, there was only one city municipality in Thailand, which is <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a>, as in 1972 <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> had been changed from city municipality, to special governed district. Until 1972 there were three city municipalities: <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Phra Nakhon</a> (now Bangkok), and <a href="/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi">Thonburi</a> (now part of Bangkok). In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat">Nakhon Si Thammarat</a> town municipality became the second city municipality of Thailand, and the first in the south. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Town_municipality">Town municipality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thesaban&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Town municipality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banpong_Municipality_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Banpong_Municipality_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Banpong Municipality Logo</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Thesaban mueang</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">เทศบาลเมือง</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: </small><span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i lang="th-Latn"><i>thetsaban mueang</i></i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="th-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">[tʰêːt.sā.bāːn<span class="wrap"> </span>mɯ̄a̯ŋ]</a></span>) is translated as "town municipality". For a municipality to qualify as a town, it either needs to be a provincial capital, or have a population of at least 10,000 and sufficient income to cover the tasks of a town. </p><p>When first organized in 1934, minimum qualification for town status was a population of 3,000 with a density of 1,000 per km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-1934_act_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1934_act-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939 requirements were increased to a population of 5,000 with a density of 2,000 per km<sup>2</sup>, plus a financial criterion.<sup id="cite_ref-1939_act_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1939_act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, the minimum population requirements was raised to the present value; the population density was also raised, to 3,000 per km<sup>2</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-1953_act_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1953_act-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before being removed entirely in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-2000_act_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000_act-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdistrict_municipality">Subdistrict municipality<span class="anchor" id="Subdistrict-municipality"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thesaban&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subdistrict municipality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Thesaban tambon</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">เทศบาลตำบล</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: </small><span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i lang="th-Latn"><i>thetsaban tambon</i></i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="th-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">[tʰêːt.sā.bāːn<span class="wrap"> </span>tām.bōn]</a></span>), the lowest level municipal unit, is usually translated as "sub-district municipality". Despite the name, it may not necessarily cover the same area as a sub-district (<i><a href="/wiki/Tambon" title="Tambon">tambon</a></i>); i.e., it may not cover a <i>tambon</i> completely, or conversely, it may extend over parts of more than one <i>tambon</i>. </p><p>For an area to qualify as a <i>thesaban tambon</i>, it must have a gross income of at least 5 million <a href="/wiki/Baht" class="mw-redirect" title="Baht">baht</a> and a population of at least 5,000 with a minimum density of 1,500 per km<sup>2</sup>, plus the approval of the population within that area.<sup id="cite_ref-Definition_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Definition-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of today's <i>thesaban</i> municipalities were originally <i><a href="/wiki/Sukhaphiban" title="Sukhaphiban">sukhaphiban</a> tambon</i>, sanitation districts, the number of which had grown to 35 in 1935, when these were converted into municipalities. New sanitary districts were again established starting in 1952. With the <i>Act to Upgrade Sanitary Districts to Thesaban</i> of May 1999 all were converted in May 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though many of them did not actually meet the criteria above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thesaban&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mueang#Thailand" title="Mueang">Mueang, Thailand section </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Thailand_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Thailand by population">List of cities in Thailand by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Thailand">List of cities in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_government_of_Thailand" title="Organization of the government of Thailand">Subdivisions of Thailand</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thesaban&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313092144/http://www.dopa.go.th/English/history/politic3.htm">History of administrative reforms</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tessaban.com">http://www.tessaban.com</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Thai)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thesaban&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1934_act-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1934_act_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1934_act_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1934_act_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Royal Gazette, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326221713/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2477/A/82.PDF">พระราชบัญญัติจัดระเบียบเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๖, Vol. 51, Page 82-107.</a> 24 Apr 1934. Retrieved on 28 Nov 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1939_act-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1939_act_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1939_act_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1939_act_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Royal Gazette, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326221626/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2482/A/155.PDF">พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๑, Vol. 56, Pages 155-86.</a> 1 Apr 1939. Retrieved on 28 Nov 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1953_act-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1953_act_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1953_act_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1953_act_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Royal Gazette, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326221652/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2496/A/014/222.PDF">พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๙๖, Vol. 70 No. 14, Pages 222-257.</a> 17 Feb 1953. Retrieved on 28 Nov 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Royal Gazette, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326221645/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/00133923.PDF">พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล (ฉบับที่ ๑๒) พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๖, Vol. 120 No. 124ก, Pages 1-15.</a> 22 Dec 2003. Retrieved on 28 Nov 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000_act-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2000_act_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2000_act_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Royal Gazette, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326221730/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/00019030.PDF">พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล (ฉบับที่ ๑๑) พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๓, Vol. 117 No. 41ก, Pages 12-27.</a> 12 Nov 2000. Retrieved 28 Nov 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Definition-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Definition_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2008-0604-200854/andriesse.pdf"><i>Netherlands Geographical Studies</i> 374 (2008): "Institutions and regional development in Southeast Asia", S. 125</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326221628/http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2008-0604-200854/andriesse.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-03-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 3 Dec 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409014432/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2542/A/009/1.PDF"><bdi lang="th">พระราชบัญญัติเปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะของสุขาภิบาลเป็นเทศบาล พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๒</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Royal Gazette</i> (in Thai). <b>116</b> (9 ก): 1–4. 24 Feb 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2542/A/009/1.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royal+Gazette&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5+%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8.+%E0%B9%92%E0%B9%95%E0%B9%94%E0%B9%92&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=9+%E0%B8%81&rft.pages=1-4&rft.date=1999-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th%2FDATA%2FPDF%2F2542%2FA%2F009%2F1.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThesaban" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thesaban&oldid=1253207543">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thesaban&oldid=1253207543</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subdivisions_of_Thailand" title="Category:Subdivisions of Thailand">Subdivisions of Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1934_establishments_in_Siam" title="Category:1934 establishments in Siam">1934 establishments in Siam</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Thai-language_script_(th)" title="Category:CS1 uses Thai-language script (th)">CS1 uses Thai-language script (th)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Thai-language_sources_(th)" title="Category:CS1 Thai-language sources (th)">CS1 Thai-language sources (th)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Thai-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Thai-language text">Articles containing Thai-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Thai_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Thai IPA">Pages with Thai IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_sidebar_with_the_child_parameter" title="Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter">Pages using sidebar with the child parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Thai-language_sources_(th)" title="Category:Articles with Thai-language sources (th)">Articles with Thai-language sources (th)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 October 2024, at 21:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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