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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></div> </div> The <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA) consists of more than 100 letters and diacritics. Before <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> became widely available, several <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>-based encoding systems of the IPA were proposed. The alphabet went through a large revision at the <a href="/wiki/Kiel_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiel Convention">Kiel Convention</a> of 1989, and the vowel symbols again in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Systems devised before these revisions inevitably lack support for the additions they introduced. Only language-neutral systems are discussed below because language-dependent ones (such as <a href="/wiki/ARPABET" title="ARPABET">ARPABET</a>) do not allow for a systematic comparison. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#General_information">1 General information</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Symbols">2 Symbols</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Coverage">3 Coverage</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also">4 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes">5 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References">6 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links">7 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="General_information">General information</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General information" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">System </th> <th scope="col">Author(s) </th> <th scope="col">Created </th> <th scope="col">Last updated </th> <th scope="col">Note </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference">Ref</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Branner <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(unnamed) </th> <td>David Prager Branner at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Millar & Oasa <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(unnamed) </th> <td>J. Bruce Millar and Hiroaki Oasa at <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a> </td> <td>1981 </td> <td>1981 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">PHONASCII </th> <td>George D. Allen at <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a> </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>Not a direct mapping of the IPA. Segments are separated by spaces, and diacritics by commas. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Praat" title="Praat">Praat</a> </th> <td>Paul Boersma and David Weenink at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a> </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">IPA (SIL) Keyboard </th> <td><a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL International</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/UCLA_Phonological_Segment_Inventory_Database" title="UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database">UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database</a> (UPSID) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ian_Maddieson" title="Ian Maddieson">Ian Maddieson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> </td> <td>1984 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td> <td>Presented here is the scheme used for representing phonemes in the database of phonological inventories. Consequently, it is not designed for transcription of multiple segments and does not have symbols for values not found phonemically in the languages sampled. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription</a> </th> <td>Participants in sci.lang and alt.usage.english <a href="/wiki/Newsgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsgroup">newsgroups</a> (later maintained by Evan Kirshenbaum at <a href="/wiki/HP_Labs" title="HP Labs">HP Labs</a>) </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>Also known variously as "ASCII-IPA", "Kirshenbaum", etc.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF language subtags</a> register <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>fonkirsh to identify text in this convention.<a href="#cite_note-IANA-9">[9]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Worldbet </th> <td>James L. Hieronymus at <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Bell_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T Bell Laboratories">AT&T Bell Laboratories</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>Segments are separated by spaces. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">John C. Wells</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF language subtags</a> register <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">fonxsamp to identify text in this convention.<a href="#cite_note-IANA-9">[9]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Symbols" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Only the symbols in the latest <a href="/wiki/IPA_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA chart">IPA chart</a> are included. The numbers in the leftmost column, according to which the symbols are sorted, are the <a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Numbers</a>. Some of the IPA symbols to which a system lacks a corresponding symbol may still be represented in that system by use of a modifier (diacritic), but such combinations are not included unless the documentation explicitly assigns one for the value. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable),.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi:not(.wikitable){background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>*,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>caption{display:table-caption}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">#</a> </th> <th scope="col">IPA </th> <th scope="col">Branner </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Millar & Oasa">M&O</abbr> </th> <th scope="col">PHONASCII </th> <th scope="col">Praat </th> <th scope="col">SIL </th> <th scope="col">UPSID </th> <th scope="col">Usenet </th> <th scope="col">Worldbet </th> <th scope="col">X-SAMPA </th> <th scope="col">Value </th></tr> <tr> <td>101 </td> <td>p </td> <td><code>p</code> </td> <td><code>p</code> </td> <td><code>p</code> </td> <td><code>p</code> </td> <td><code>p</code> </td> <td><code>p</code> </td> <td><code>p</code> </td> <td><code>p</code> </td> <td><code>p</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">Voiceless bilabial plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>102 </td> <td>b </td> <td><code>b</code> </td> <td><code>b</code> </td> <td><code>b</code> </td> <td><code>b</code> </td> <td><code>b</code> </td> <td><code>b</code> </td> <td><code>b</code> </td> <td><code>b</code> </td> <td><code>b</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">Voiced bilabial plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>103 </td> <td>t </td> <td><code>t</code> </td> <td><code>t</code> </td> <td><code>t</code> </td> <td><code>t</code> </td> <td><code>t</code> </td> <td><code>t</code> </td> <td><code>t</code> </td> <td><code>t</code> </td> <td><code>t</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">Voiceless alveolar plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>104 </td> <td>d </td> <td><code>d</code> </td> <td><code>d</code> </td> <td><code>d</code> </td> <td><code>d</code> </td> <td><code>d</code> </td> <td><code>d</code> </td> <td><code>d</code> </td> <td><code>d</code> </td> <td><code>d</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">Voiced alveolar plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>105 </td> <td>ʈ </td> <td><code>tr)</code> </td> <td><code>t(</code> </td> <td><code>tr</code> </td> <td><code>\t.</code> </td> <td><code>t<</code> </td> <td><code>t.</code> </td> <td><code>t.</code> </td> <td><code>tr</code> </td> <td><code>t`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">Voiceless retroflex plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>106 </td> <td>ɖ </td> <td><code>dr)</code> </td> <td><code>d(</code> </td> <td><code>dr</code> </td> <td><code>\d.</code> </td> <td><code>d<</code> </td> <td><code>d.</code> </td> <td><code>d.</code> </td> <td><code>dr</code> </td> <td><code>d`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">Voiced retroflex plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>107 </td> <td>c </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">Voiceless palatal plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>108 </td> <td>ɟ </td> <td><code>j-</code> </td> <td><code>J</code> </td> <td><code>J</code> </td> <td><code>\j-</code> </td> <td><code>j=</code> </td> <td><code>dj</code> </td> <td><code>J^</code> </td> <td><code>J</code> </td> <td><code>J\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">Voiced palatal plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>109 </td> <td>k </td> <td><code>k</code> </td> <td><code>k</code> </td> <td><code>k</code> </td> <td><code>k</code> </td> <td><code>k</code> </td> <td><code>k</code> </td> <td><code>k</code> </td> <td><code>k</code> </td> <td><code>k</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">Voiceless velar plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>110 </td> <td>ɡ </td> <td><code>g</code> </td> <td><code>g</code> </td> <td><code>g</code> </td> <td><code>\gs</code> </td> <td><code>g<</code> </td> <td><code>g</code> </td> <td><code>g</code> </td> <td><code>g</code> </td> <td><code>g</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">Voiced velar plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>111 </td> <td>q </td> <td><code>q</code> </td> <td><code>q</code> </td> <td><code>q</code> </td> <td><code>q</code> </td> <td><code>q</code> </td> <td><code>q</code> </td> <td><code>q</code> </td> <td><code>q</code> </td> <td><code>q</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">Voiceless uvular plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>112 </td> <td>ɢ </td> <td><code>G</code> </td> <td><code>G</code> </td> <td><code>G</code> </td> <td><code>\gc</code> </td> <td><code>G=</code> </td> <td><code>G</code> </td> <td><code>G</code> </td> <td><code>Q</code> </td> <td><code>G\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">Voiced uvular plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>113 </td> <td>ʔ </td> <td><code>?</code> </td> <td><code>?</code> </td> <td><code>?</code> </td> <td><code>\?g</code> </td> <td><code>?=</code> </td> <td><code>?</code> </td> <td><code>?</code> </td> <td><code>?</code> </td> <td><code>?</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottal_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Glottal plosive">Glottal plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>114 </td> <td>m </td> <td><code>m</code> </td> <td><code>m</code> </td> <td><code>m</code> </td> <td><code>m</code> </td> <td><code>m</code> </td> <td><code>m</code> </td> <td><code>m</code> </td> <td><code>m</code> </td> <td><code>m</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">Voiced bilabial nasal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>115 </td> <td>ɱ </td> <td><code>m"</code> </td> <td><code>m></code> </td> <td><code>mv</code> </td> <td><code>\mj</code> </td> <td><code>m></code> </td> <td><code>mD</code> </td> <td><code>M</code> </td> <td><code>M</code> </td> <td><code>F</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">Voiced labiodental nasal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>116 </td> <td>n </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">Voiced alveolar nasal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>117 </td> <td>ɳ </td> <td><code>nr)</code> </td> <td><code>n(</code> </td> <td><code>nr</code> </td> <td><code>\n.</code> </td> <td><code>n<</code> </td> <td><code>n.</code> </td> <td><code>n.</code> </td> <td><code>nr</code> </td> <td><code>n`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">Voiced retroflex nasal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>118 </td> <td>ɲ </td> <td><code>nj)</code> </td> <td><code>n)</code> </td> <td><code>nj</code> </td> <td><code>\nj</code> </td> <td><code>n=</code> </td> <td><code>nj</code> </td> <td><code>n^</code> </td> <td><code>n~</code> </td> <td><code>J</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">Voiced palatal nasal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>119 </td> <td>ŋ </td> <td><code>ng)</code> </td> <td><code>g~</code> </td> <td><code>ng</code> </td> <td><code>\ng</code> </td> <td><code>n></code> </td> <td><code>N</code> </td> <td><code>N</code> </td> <td><code>N</code> </td> <td><code>N</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">Voiced velar nasal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>120 </td> <td>ɴ </td> <td><code>N</code> </td> <td><code>N</code> </td> <td><code>N</code> </td> <td><code>\nc</code> </td> <td><code>N=</code> </td> <td><code>nU</code> </td> <td><code>n"</code> </td> <td><code>Nq</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>N\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">Voiced uvular nasal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>121 </td> <td>ʙ </td> <td><code>B</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>bb</code> </td> <td><code>\bc</code> </td> <td><code>B=</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>b<trl></code> </td> <td><code>B</code> </td> <td><code>B\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">Voiced bilabial trill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>122 </td> <td>r </td> <td><code>r</code> </td> <td><code>r</code> </td> <td><code>rr</code> </td> <td><code>r</code> </td> <td><code>r</code> </td> <td><code>r</code> </td> <td><code>r<trl></code> </td> <td><code>r</code> </td> <td><code>r</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">Voiced alveolar trill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>123 </td> <td>ʀ </td> <td><code>R</code> </td> <td><code>R</code> </td> <td><code>RR</code> </td> <td><code>\rc</code> </td> <td><code>R=</code> </td> <td><code>R</code> </td> <td><code>r"</code> </td> <td><code>R</code> </td> <td><code>R\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">Voiced uvular trill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>124 </td> <td>ɾ </td> <td><code>r"</code> </td> <td><code>r*</code> </td> <td><code>dt</code> </td> <td><code>\fh</code> </td> <td><code>r></code> </td> <td><code>r[</code> </td> <td><code>*</code> </td> <td><code>d(</code> </td> <td><code>4</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar tap">Voiced alveolar tap</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>125 </td> <td>ɽ </td> <td><code>rr)</code> </td> <td><code>r(*</code> </td> <td><code>rt</code> </td> <td><code>\f.</code> </td> <td><code>r<</code> </td> <td><code>r.[</code> </td> <td><code>*.</code> </td> <td><code>rr</code> </td> <td><code>r`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">Voiced retroflex flap</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>126 </td> <td>ɸ </td> <td><code>P"</code> </td> <td><code>F</code> </td> <td><code>F</code> </td> <td><code>\ff</code> </td> <td><code>f=</code> </td> <td><code>P</code> </td> <td><code>P</code> </td> <td><code>F</code> </td> <td><code>p\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">Voiceless bilabial fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>127 </td> <td>β </td> <td><code>B"</code> </td> <td><code>B</code> </td> <td><code>V</code> </td> <td><code>\bf</code> </td> <td><code>b=</code> </td> <td><code>B</code> </td> <td><code>B</code> </td> <td><code>V</code> </td> <td><code>B</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">Voiced bilabial fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>128 </td> <td>f </td> <td><code>f</code> </td> <td><code>f</code> </td> <td><code>f</code> </td> <td><code>f</code> </td> <td><code>f</code> </td> <td><code>f</code> </td> <td><code>f</code> </td> <td><code>f</code> </td> <td><code>f</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">Voiceless labiodental fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>129 </td> <td>v </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">Voiced labiodental fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>130 </td> <td>θ </td> <td><code>O-</code> </td> <td><code>s[]</code> </td> <td><code>sd</code> </td> <td><code>\tf</code> </td> <td><code>t=</code> </td> <td><code>0D</code> </td> <td><code>T</code> </td> <td><code>T</code> </td> <td><code>T</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">Voiceless dental fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>131 </td> <td>ð </td> <td><code>d-</code> </td> <td><code>z[]</code> </td> <td><code>zd</code> </td> <td><code>\dh</code> </td> <td><code>d=</code> </td> <td><code>6D</code> </td> <td><code>D</code> </td> <td><code>D</code> </td> <td><code>D</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">Voiced dental fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>132 </td> <td>s </td> <td><code>s</code> </td> <td><code>s</code> </td> <td><code>s</code> </td> <td><code>s</code> </td> <td><code>s</code> </td> <td><code>s</code> </td> <td><code>s</code> </td> <td><code>s</code> </td> <td><code>s</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">Voiceless alveolar fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>133 </td> <td>z </td> <td><code>z</code> </td> <td><code>z</code> </td> <td><code>z</code> </td> <td><code>z</code> </td> <td><code>z</code> </td> <td><code>z</code> </td> <td><code>z</code> </td> <td><code>z</code> </td> <td><code>z</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">Voiced alveolar fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>134 </td> <td>ʃ </td> <td><code>S</code> </td> <td><code>sV</code> </td> <td><code>S</code> </td> <td><code>\sh</code> </td> <td><code>s=</code> </td> <td><code>S</code> </td> <td><code>S</code> </td> <td><code>S</code> </td> <td><code>S</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">Voiceless postalveolar fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>135 </td> <td>ʒ </td> <td><code>3"</code> </td> <td><code>zV</code> </td> <td><code>Z</code> </td> <td><code>\zh</code> </td> <td><code>z=</code> </td> <td><code>Z</code> </td> <td><code>Z</code> </td> <td><code>Z</code> </td> <td><code>Z</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">Voiced postalveolar fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>136 </td> <td>ʂ </td> <td><code>sr)</code> </td> <td><code>s(</code> </td> <td><code>sr</code> </td> <td><code>\s.</code> </td> <td><code>s<</code> </td> <td><code>s.</code> </td> <td><code>s.</code> </td> <td><code>sr</code> </td> <td><code>s`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">Voiceless retroflex fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>137 </td> <td>ʐ </td> <td><code>zr)</code> </td> <td><code>z(</code> </td> <td><code>zr</code> </td> <td><code>\z.</code> </td> <td><code>z<</code> </td> <td><code>z.</code> </td> <td><code>z.</code> </td> <td><code>zr</code> </td> <td><code>z`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">Voiced retroflex fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>138 </td> <td>ç </td> <td><code>c"</code> </td> <td><code>c$</code> </td> <td><code>c\</code> </td> <td><code>\c,</code> </td> <td><code>c=</code> </td> <td><code>C</code> </td> <td><code>C</code> </td> <td><code>C</code> </td> <td><code>C</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">Voiceless palatal fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>139 </td> <td>ʝ </td> <td><code>j"</code> </td> <td><code>j$</code> </td> <td><code>J\</code> </td> <td><code>\jc</code> </td> <td><code>j<</code> </td> <td><code>jF</code> </td> <td><code>C<vcd></code> </td> <td><code>j^</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>j\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">Voiced palatal fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>140 </td> <td>x </td> <td><code>x</code> </td> <td><code>x</code> </td> <td><code>x</code> </td> <td><code>x</code> </td> <td><code>x</code> </td> <td><code>x</code> </td> <td><code>x</code> </td> <td><code>x</code> </td> <td><code>x</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">Voiceless velar fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>141 </td> <td>ɣ </td> <td><code>g"</code> </td> <td><code>r=<</code> </td> <td><code>g\</code> </td> <td><code>\gf</code> </td> <td><code>g=</code> </td> <td><code>gF</code> </td> <td><code>Q</code> </td> <td><code>G</code> </td> <td><code>G</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">Voiced velar fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>142 </td> <td>χ </td> <td><code>X</code> </td> <td><code>X</code> </td> <td><code>X</code> </td> <td><code>\cf</code> </td> <td><code>x=</code> </td> <td><code>X</code> </td> <td><code>X</code> </td> <td><code>X</code> </td> <td><code>X</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">Voiceless uvular fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>143 </td> <td>ʁ </td> <td><code>R%</code> </td> <td><code>R=</code> </td> <td><code>G\</code><a href="#cite_note-14">[b]</a> </td> <td><code>\ri</code> </td> <td><code>R></code> </td> <td><code>RF</code> </td> <td><code>g"</code> </td> <td><code>K</code> </td> <td><code>R</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">Voiced uvular fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>144 </td> <td>ħ </td> <td><code>h-</code> </td> <td><code>h<</code> </td> <td><code>H</code> </td> <td><code>\h-</code> </td> <td><code>h></code> </td> <td><code>H</code> </td> <td><code>H</code> </td> <td><code>H</code> </td> <td><code>X\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">Voiceless pharyngeal fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>145 </td> <td>ʕ </td> <td><code>?&</code> </td> <td><code>6<</code> </td> <td><code>Hv</code> </td> <td><code>\9e</code> </td> <td><code>?<</code> </td> <td><code>9</code> </td> <td><code>H<vcd></code> </td> <td><code>!</code> </td> <td><code>?\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">Voiced pharyngeal fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>146 </td> <td>h </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">Voiceless glottal fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>147 </td> <td>ɦ </td> <td><code>h"</code> </td> <td><code>6</code> </td> <td><code>hv</code> </td> <td><code>\h^</code> </td> <td><code>h<</code> </td> <td><code>hh</code> </td> <td><code>h<?></code> </td> <td><code>hv</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>h\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">Voiced glottal fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>148 </td> <td>ɬ </td> <td><code>l-</code> </td> <td><code>l%$</code> </td> <td><code>ls</code> </td> <td><code>\l-</code> </td> <td><code>l=</code> </td> <td><code>hlF</code> </td> <td><code>s<lat></code> or <code>L</code><a href="#cite_note-usenet-l-15">[c]</a> </td> <td><code>hl</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>K</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 </td> <td>ɮ </td> <td><code>l3")</code> </td> <td><code>l$</code> </td> <td><code>lz</code> </td> <td><code>\lz</code> </td> <td><code>l></code> </td> <td><code>lF</code> </td> <td><code>z<lat></code> </td> <td><code>Zl</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>K\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">Voiced alveolar lateral fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>150 </td> <td>ʋ </td> <td><code>v"</code> </td> <td><code>v></code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\vs</code> </td> <td><code>v=</code> </td> <td><code>vA</code> </td> <td><code>r<lbd></code> </td> <td><code>V[</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>P</code> or <code>V\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">Voiced labiodental approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>151 </td> <td>ɹ </td> <td><code>r&</code> </td> <td><code>r=</code> </td> <td><code>r</code> </td> <td><code>\rt</code> </td> <td><code>r=</code> </td> <td><code>rA</code> </td> <td><code>r</code> </td> <td><code>9</code> </td> <td><code>r\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">Voiced alveolar approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>152 </td> <td>ɻ </td> <td><code>jr)</code> </td> <td><code>r=(</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\r.</code> </td> <td><code>R<</code> </td> <td><code>r.A</code> </td> <td><code>r.</code> </td> <td><code>9r</code> </td> <td><code>r\`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">Voiced retroflex approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>153 </td> <td>j </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">Voiced palatal approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>154 </td> <td>ɰ </td> <td><code>m&"</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>Rg</code> </td> <td><code>\ml</code> </td> <td><code>w></code> </td> <td><code>RA</code> </td> <td><code>j<vel></code> </td> <td><code>4)</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>M\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">Voiced velar approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>155 </td> <td>l </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">Voiced alveolar lateral approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>156 </td> <td>ɭ </td> <td><code>lr)</code> </td> <td><code>l(</code> </td> <td><code>lr</code> </td> <td><code>\l.</code> </td> <td><code>l<</code> </td> <td><code>l.</code> </td> <td><code>l.</code> </td> <td><code>lr</code> </td> <td><code>l`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">Voiced retroflex lateral approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>157 </td> <td>ʎ </td> <td><code>y&</code> </td> <td><code>l)</code> </td> <td><code>lj</code> </td> <td><code>\yt</code> </td> <td><code>L<</code> </td> <td><code>lj</code> </td> <td><code>l^</code> </td> <td><code>L</code> </td> <td><code>L</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">Voiced palatal lateral approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>158 </td> <td>ʟ </td> <td><code>L</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\lc</code> </td> <td><code>L=</code> </td> <td><code>L</code> </td> <td><code>L</code><a href="#cite_note-usenet-l-15">[c]</a> </td> <td><code>Lg</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>L\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">Voiced velar lateral approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>160 </td> <td>ɓ </td> <td><code>b$</code> </td> <td><code>b,,</code> </td> <td><code>b?</code> </td> <td><code>\b^</code> </td> <td><code>b></code> </td> <td><code>b<</code> </td> <td><code>b`</code> </td> <td><code>b<</code> </td> <td><code>b_<</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">Voiced bilabial implosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>162 </td> <td>ɗ </td> <td><code>d$</code> </td> <td><code>d,,</code> </td> <td><code>d?</code> </td> <td><code>\d^</code> </td> <td><code>d></code> </td> <td><code>d<</code> </td> <td><code>d`</code> </td> <td><code>d<</code> </td> <td><code>d_<</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">Voiced alveolar implosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>164 </td> <td>ʄ </td> <td><code>j$</code> </td> <td><code>J,,</code> </td> <td><code>J?</code> </td> <td><code>\j^</code> </td> <td><code>j></code> </td> <td><code>dj<</code> </td> <td><code>J`</code> </td> <td><code>J<</code> </td> <td><code>J\_<</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">Voiced palatal implosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>166 </td> <td>ɠ </td> <td><code>g$</code> </td> <td><code>g,,</code> </td> <td><code>g?</code> </td> <td><code>\g^</code> </td> <td><code>g></code> </td> <td><code>g<</code> </td> <td><code>g`</code> </td> <td><code>g<</code> </td> <td><code>g_<</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">Voiced velar implosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>168 </td> <td>ʛ </td> <td><code>G$</code> </td> <td><code>G,,</code> </td> <td><code>G?</code> </td> <td><code>\G^</code> </td> <td><code>G></code> </td> <td><code>G<</code> </td> <td><code>G`</code> </td> <td><code>Q<</code> </td> <td><code>G\_<</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">Voiced uvular implosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>169 </td> <td>ʍ </td> <td><code>w&</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\wt</code> </td> <td><code>w=</code> </td> <td><code>hw</code> </td> <td><code>v<vls></code> </td> <td><code>W</code> </td> <td><code>W</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">Voiceless labial–velar fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>170 </td> <td>w </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">Voiced labial–velar approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>171 </td> <td>ɥ </td> <td><code>h&</code> </td> <td><code>w.</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\ht</code> </td> <td><code>y<</code> or <code>h=</code> </td> <td><code>wj</code> </td> <td><code>j<rnd></code> </td> <td><code>jw</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>H</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">Voiced labial–palatal approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>172 </td> <td>ʜ </td> <td><code>H</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\hc</code> </td> <td><code>Q=</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>H\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiceless epiglottal trill">Voiceless epiglottal trill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>173 </td> <td>ʡ </td> <td><code>?-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\?-</code> </td> <td><code>H=</code> </td> <td><code>99</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>>\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive">Epiglottal plosive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>174 </td> <td>ʢ </td> <td><code>?"</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\9-</code> </td> <td><code>Q<</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code><\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiced epiglottal trill">Voiced epiglottal trill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>175 </td> <td>ɧ </td> <td><code>Sx)</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\hj</code> </td> <td><code>H></code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>x\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">Sj-sound</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>176 </td> <td>ʘ </td> <td><code>p!</code> </td> <td><code>p*</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\O.</code> </td> <td><code>p=</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>p!</code> </td> <td><code>p|</code> </td> <td><code>O\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_click" title="Bilabial click">Bilabial click</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>177 </td> <td>ǀ </td> <td><code>t!</code> </td> <td><code>t*</code> </td> <td><code>t!</code> </td> <td><code>\|1</code> </td> <td><code>!<</code> </td> <td><code>/</code> </td> <td><code>t!</code> </td> <td><code>|</code> </td> <td><code>|\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_click" title="Dental click">Dental click</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>178 </td> <td>ǃ </td> <td><code>r!</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>!</code> </td> <td><code>!</code> </td> <td><code>!</code> </td> <td><code>c!</code><a href="#cite_note-usenet-cexcl-16">[d]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>!\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_click" title="Alveolar click">Alveolar click</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>179 </td> <td>ǂ </td> <td><code>c!</code> </td> <td><code>c*</code> </td> <td><code>c!</code> </td> <td><code>\|-</code> </td> <td><code>!=</code> </td> <td><code>/=</code> </td> <td><code>c!</code><a href="#cite_note-usenet-cexcl-16">[d]</a> </td> <td><code>c|</code> </td> <td><code>=\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatal_click" title="Palatal click">Palatal click</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>180 </td> <td>ǁ </td> <td><code>l!</code> </td> <td><code>l*</code> </td> <td><code>l!</code> </td> <td><code>\|2</code> </td> <td><code>!></code> </td> <td><code>#</code> </td> <td><code>l!</code> </td> <td><code>||</code> </td> <td><code>|\|\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral click">Alveolar lateral click</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>181 </td> <td>ɺ </td> <td><code>l"</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>lt</code> </td> <td><code>\rl</code> </td> <td><code>L></code> </td> <td><code>l[</code> </td> <td><code>*<lat></code> </td> <td><code>l)</code> </td> <td><code>l\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">Voiced alveolar lateral flap</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>182 </td> <td>ɕ </td> <td><code>ci)</code> </td> <td><code>sV></code> </td> <td><code>ss</code> </td> <td><code>\cc</code> </td> <td><code>c<</code> </td> <td><code>SJ</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>c}</code> </td> <td><code>s\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>183 </td> <td>ʑ </td> <td><code>zi)</code> </td> <td><code>zV></code> </td> <td><code>zz</code> </td> <td><code>\zc</code> </td> <td><code>z></code> </td> <td><code>ZJ</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>z}</code> </td> <td><code>z\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>184 </td> <td>ⱱ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>v<</code> </td> <td><code>v[</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_flap" title="Voiced labiodental flap">Voiced labiodental flap</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>209 </td> <td>ɫ </td> <td><code>l~)</code> </td> <td><code>l-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\l~</code> </td> <td><code>l~~</code> </td> <td><code>l-</code> </td> <td><code>L</code><a href="#cite_note-usenet-l-15">[c]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>5</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">Velarized alveolar lateral approximant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>301 </td> <td>i </td> <td><code>i</code> </td> <td><code>i</code> </td> <td><code>i</code> </td> <td><code>i</code> </td> <td><code>i</code> </td> <td><code>i</code> </td> <td><code>i</code> </td> <td><code>i</code> </td> <td><code>i</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">Close front unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>302 </td> <td>e </td> <td><code>e</code> </td> <td><code>e</code> </td> <td><code>e</code> </td> <td><code>e</code> </td> <td><code>e</code> </td> <td><code>e</code> </td> <td><code>e</code> </td> <td><code>e</code> </td> <td><code>e</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">Close-mid front unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>303 </td> <td>ɛ </td> <td><code>E</code> </td> <td><code>E</code> </td> <td><code>E</code> </td> <td><code>\ef</code> </td> <td><code>e<</code> </td> <td><code>E</code> </td> <td><code>E</code> </td> <td><code>E</code> </td> <td><code>E</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">Open-mid front unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>304 </td> <td>a </td> <td><code>a</code> </td> <td><code>a</code> </td> <td><code>a</code> </td> <td><code>a</code> </td> <td><code>a</code> </td> <td><code>a</code> </td> <td><code>a</code> </td> <td><code>a</code> </td> <td><code>a</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">Open front unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>305 </td> <td>ɑ </td> <td><code>a"</code> </td> <td><code>A</code> </td> <td><code>aa</code> </td> <td><code>\as</code> </td> <td><code>a=</code> </td> <td><code>a_</code> </td> <td><code>A</code> </td> <td><code>A</code> </td> <td><code>A</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">Open back unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>306 </td> <td>ɔ </td> <td><code>c&</code> </td> <td><code>O</code> </td> <td><code>O</code> </td> <td><code>\ct</code> </td> <td><code>o<</code> </td> <td><code>O</code> </td> <td><code>O</code> </td> <td><code>></code> </td> <td><code>O</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">Open-mid back rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>307 </td> <td>o </td> <td><code>o</code> </td> <td><code>o</code> </td> <td><code>o</code> </td> <td><code>o</code> </td> <td><code>o</code> </td> <td><code>o</code> </td> <td><code>o</code> </td> <td><code>o</code> </td> <td><code>o</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">Close-mid back rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>308 </td> <td>u </td> <td><code>u</code> </td> <td><code>u</code> </td> <td><code>u</code> </td> <td><code>u</code> </td> <td><code>u</code> </td> <td><code>u</code> </td> <td><code>u</code> </td> <td><code>u</code> </td> <td><code>u</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">Close back rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>309 </td> <td>y </td> <td><code>y</code> </td> <td><code>y</code> or <code>i!</code> </td> <td><code>y</code> </td> <td><code>y</code> </td> <td><code>y</code> </td> <td><code>y</code> </td> <td><code>y</code> </td> <td><code>y</code> </td> <td><code>y</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">Close front rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>310 </td> <td>ø </td> <td><code>o/)</code> </td> <td><code>0</code> or <code>e!</code> </td> <td><code>oe</code> </td> <td><code>\o/</code> </td> <td><code>o></code> </td> <td><code>o/</code> </td> <td><code>Y</code> </td> <td><code>7</code> </td> <td><code>2</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">Close-mid front rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>311 </td> <td>œ </td> <td><code>oe)</code> </td> <td><code>E!</code> </td> <td><code>oE</code> </td> <td><code>\oe</code> </td> <td><code>E<</code> </td> <td><code>E)</code> </td> <td><code>W</code> </td> <td><code>8</code> </td> <td><code>9</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">Open-mid front rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>312 </td> <td>ɶ </td> <td><code>OE)</code> </td> <td><code>a!</code> </td> <td><code>OE</code> </td> <td><code>\Oe</code> </td> <td><code>E></code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>&.</code> </td> <td><code>6</code> </td> <td><code>&</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">Open front rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>313 </td> <td>ɒ </td> <td><code>a"&</code> </td> <td><code>A=</code> or <code>A!</code> </td> <td><code>ao</code> </td> <td><code>\ab</code> </td> <td><code>o=</code> </td> <td><code>a_)</code> </td> <td><code>A.</code> </td> <td><code>5</code> </td> <td><code>Q</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">Open back rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>314 </td> <td>ʌ </td> <td><code>v&</code> </td> <td><code>^</code>, <code>V=</code> or <code>O!</code> </td> <td><code>A</code> </td> <td><code>\vt</code> </td> <td><code>u></code> </td> <td><code>^</code> </td> <td><code>V</code> </td> <td><code>^</code> </td> <td><code>V</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">Open-mid back unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>315 </td> <td>ɤ </td> <td><code>U"</code> </td> <td><code>o!</code> </td> <td><code>oo</code> </td> <td><code>\rh</code> </td> <td><code>O></code> </td> <td><code>o(</code> </td> <td><code>o-</code> </td> <td><code>2</code> </td> <td><code>7</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">Close-mid back unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>316 </td> <td>ɯ </td> <td><code>m&</code> </td> <td><code>m=</code> or <code>u!</code> </td> <td><code>uu</code> </td> <td><code>\mt</code> </td> <td><code>u=</code> </td> <td><code>uu</code> </td> <td><code>u-</code> </td> <td><code>4</code> </td> <td><code>M</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">Close back unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>317 </td> <td>ɨ </td> <td><code>i-</code> </td> <td><code>i"</code> </td> <td><code>i-</code> </td> <td><code>\i-</code> </td> <td><code>I=</code> </td> <td><code>i_</code> </td> <td><code>i"</code> </td> <td><code>ix</code> </td> <td><code>1</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">Close central unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>318 </td> <td>ʉ </td> <td><code>u-</code> </td> <td><code>u"</code> </td> <td><code>u-</code> </td> <td><code>\u-</code> </td> <td><code>U=</code> </td> <td><code>u+</code> </td> <td><code>u"</code> </td> <td><code>ux</code> </td> <td><code>}</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">Close central rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>319 </td> <td>ɪ </td> <td><code>I</code> </td> <td><code>I</code> </td> <td><code>I</code> </td> <td><code>\ic</code> </td> <td><code>i=</code> </td> <td><code>I</code> </td> <td><code>I</code> </td> <td><code>I</code> </td> <td><code>I</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">Near-close near-front unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>320 </td> <td>ʏ </td> <td><code>Y</code> </td> <td><code>Y</code> </td> <td><code>Y</code> </td> <td><code>\yc</code> </td> <td><code>Y=</code> </td> <td><code>Y</code> </td> <td><code>U.</code> </td> <td><code>Y</code> </td> <td><code>Y</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">Near-close near-front rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>321 </td> <td>ʊ </td> <td><code>U</code> </td> <td><code>U</code> </td> <td><code>U</code> </td> <td><code>\hs</code> </td> <td><code>u<</code> </td> <td><code>U</code> </td> <td><code>U</code> </td> <td><code>U</code> </td> <td><code>U</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">Near-close near-back rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>322 </td> <td>ə </td> <td><code>@</code> </td> <td><code>e=</code> </td> <td><code>6</code> </td> <td><code>\sw</code> </td> <td><code>e=</code> </td> <td><code>"@</code> </td> <td><code>@</code> </td> <td><code>&</code> </td> <td><code>@</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">Mid central vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>323 </td> <td>ɵ </td> <td><code>o-</code> </td> <td><code>o"</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\o-</code> </td> <td><code>O=</code> </td> <td><code>@)</code> </td> <td><code>@.</code> </td> <td><code>ox</code> </td> <td><code>8</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">Close-mid central rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>324 </td> <td>ɐ </td> <td><code>a&</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\at</code> </td> <td><code>a></code> </td> <td><code>4</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>ax</code> </td> <td><code>6</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">Near-open central vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>325 </td> <td>æ </td> <td><code>ae)</code> </td> <td><code>@</code> </td> <td><code>ae</code> </td> <td><code>\ae</code> </td> <td><code>a<</code> </td> <td><code>aa</code> </td> <td><code>&</code> </td> <td><code>@</code> </td> <td><code>{</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">Near-open front unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>326 </td> <td>ɜ </td> <td><code>E&</code> </td> <td><code>E"</code> </td> <td><code>3</code> </td> <td><code>\er</code> </td> <td><code>e></code> </td> <td><code>3</code> </td> <td><code>V"</code> </td> <td><code>3</code> </td> <td><code>3</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">Open-mid central unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>327 </td> <td>ɚ </td> <td><code>xr^</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>3r</code> </td> <td><code>\sr</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>"@.</code> </td> <td><code>R</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>@`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R-colored_vowel" title="R-colored vowel">R-coloured mid central vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>395 </td> <td>ɞ </td> <td><code>E"</code> </td> <td><code>O"</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\kb</code> </td> <td><code>O<</code> </td> <td><code>3)</code> </td> <td><code>O"</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>3\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">Open-mid central rounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>397 </td> <td>ɘ </td> <td><code>e&</code> </td> <td><code>e"</code> </td> <td><code>6</code> </td> <td><code>\e-</code> </td> <td><code>E=</code> </td> <td><code>@</code> </td> <td><code>@<umd></code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>@\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">Close-mid central unrounded vowel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>401 </td> <td>◌ʼ </td> <td><code>`</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>?</code> </td> <td><code>\ap</code> </td> <td><code>]]</code> </td> <td><code>'</code> </td> <td><code>`</code> </td> <td><code>></code> </td> <td><code>_></code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejective">Ejective</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>402A </td> <td>◌̥ </td> <td rowspan="2"><code>V)</code> </td> <td rowspan="2"><code>%</code> </td> <td rowspan="2"><code>,-v</code> </td> <td><code>\0v</code> </td> <td><code>%</code> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><code><o></code> </td> <td rowspan="2"><code>0</code> </td> <td rowspan="2"><code>_0</code> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless">Voiceless</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>402B </td> <td>◌̊ </td> <td><code>\0^</code> </td> <td><code>@</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>403 </td> <td>◌̬ </td> <td><code>v)</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,+v</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>%%</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code><vcd></code> </td> <td><code>v</code> </td> <td>_v </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiced</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>404 </td> <td>ʰ </td> <td><code>h^</code> </td> <td><code>HH</code> </td> <td><code>,h</code> </td> <td><code>\^h</code> </td> <td><code>h^</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code><h></code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code>_h</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">Aspirated</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>405 </td> <td>◌̤ </td> <td><code>h")</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,hv</code> </td> <td><code>\:v</code> </td> <td><code>%%%</code> </td> <td><code>h</code> </td> <td><code><?></code> </td> <td><code>Hv</code> </td> <td><code>_t</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">Breathy voiced</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>406 </td> <td>◌̰ </td> <td><code>~</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,?v</code> </td> <td><code>\~v</code> </td> <td><code>$$$</code> </td> <td><code>*</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>?</code> </td> <td><code>_k</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">Creaky voiced</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>407 </td> <td>◌̼ </td> <td><code>{</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>{{{{</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>{</code> </td> <td><code>_N</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linguolabial" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguolabial">Linguolabial</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>408 </td> <td>◌̪ </td> <td><code>[</code> </td> <td><code>[</code> </td> <td><code>,d</code> </td> <td><code>\Nv</code> </td> <td><code>{</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>[</code> </td> <td><code>[</code> </td> <td><code>_d</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>409 </td> <td>◌̺ </td> <td><code>]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,ap</code> </td> <td><code>\Uv</code> </td> <td><code>{{</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>]</code> </td> <td><code>_a</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">Apical</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>410 </td> <td>◌̻ </td> <td><code>[]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,lm</code> </td> <td><code>\Dv</code> </td> <td><code>{{{</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>}</code> </td> <td><code>_m</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">Laminal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>411 </td> <td>◌̹ </td> <td><code>u)</code> </td> <td><code>}</code> </td> <td><code>,+w</code> </td> <td><code>\3v</code> </td> <td><code>++++</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>.</code> </td> <td><code>(w)</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><code>_O</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">More rounded</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>412 </td> <td>◌̜ </td> <td><code>U)</code> </td> <td><code>{</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\cv</code> </td> <td><code>____</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_c</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">Less rounded</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>413 </td> <td>◌̟ </td> <td><code>+</code> </td> <td><code>+</code> </td> <td><code>,<</code> or <code>,fr</code> </td> <td><code>\+v</code> </td> <td><code>+</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>+</code> </td> <td><code>_+</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation" title="Relative articulation">Advanced</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>414 </td> <td>◌̠ </td> <td><code>_</code> </td> <td><code>-</code><a href="#cite_note-mo-hyphen-17">[e]</a> </td> <td><code>,></code> or <code>,bk</code> </td> <td><code>\-v</code> </td> <td><code>_</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>-</code> </td> <td><code>_-</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation" title="Relative articulation">Retracted</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>415 </td> <td>◌̈ </td> <td><code>"^</code> </td> <td><code>"</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\:^</code> </td> <td><code>*</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>"</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_"</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation" title="Relative articulation">Centralized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>416 </td> <td>◌̽ </td> <td><code>x^</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\x^</code> </td> <td><code>**</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_x</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation" title="Relative articulation">Mid-centralized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>417 </td> <td>◌̘ </td> <td><code><</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\T(</code> </td> <td><code>+++</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>¿</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-nonascii-18">[f]</a> </td> <td><code>_A</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_tongue_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced tongue root">Advanced tongue root</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>418 </td> <td>◌̙ </td> <td><code>></code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\T)</code> </td> <td><code>___</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>¡</code><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldbet-nonascii-18">[f]</a> </td> <td><code>_q</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retracted_tongue_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Retracted tongue root">Retracted tongue root</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>419 </td> <td>◌˞ </td> <td><code>r^</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\hr</code> </td> <td><code>[[[</code> </td> <td><code>.</code> </td> <td><code><r></code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>`</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R-colored_vowel" title="R-colored vowel">Rhoticity</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>420 </td> <td>ʷ </td> <td><code>w^</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,V\</code> </td> <td><code>\^w</code> </td> <td><code>w^</code> </td> <td><code>W</code> </td> <td><code><w></code> </td> <td><code>w</code> </td> <td><code>_w</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">Labialized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>421 </td> <td>ʲ </td> <td><code>j^</code> </td> <td><code>.</code> </td> <td><code>,j</code> </td> <td><code>\^j</code> </td> <td><code>j^</code> </td> <td><code>J</code> </td> <td><code><pzd></code> </td> <td><code>j</code> </td> <td><code>'</code> or <code>_j</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">Palatalized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>422 </td> <td>ˠ </td> <td><code>g^</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,g</code> </td> <td><code>\^G</code> </td> <td><code>g=^</code> </td> <td><code>-</code> </td> <td><code><vzd></code> </td> <td><code>2</code> </td> <td><code>_G</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>423 </td> <td>ˤ </td> <td><code>&g^</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,H</code> </td> <td><code>\^9</code> </td> <td><code>?<^</code> </td> <td><code>9</code> </td> <td><code><H></code> </td> <td><code>!</code> </td> <td><code>_?\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">Pharyngealized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>424 </td> <td>◌̃ </td> <td><code>~^</code> </td> <td><code>~</code> </td> <td><code>,+n</code> </td> <td><code>\~^</code> </td> <td><code>~</code> </td> <td><code>~</code> </td> <td><code>~</code> </td> <td><code>~</code> </td> <td><code>~</code> or <code>_~</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">Nasalized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>425 </td> <td>ⁿ </td> <td><code>n^</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,n-</code> </td> <td><code>\^n</code> </td> <td><code>n^</code> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>n</code> </td> <td><code>_n</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasal_release" title="Nasal release">Nasal release</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>426 </td> <td>ˡ </td> <td><code>l^</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,l-</code> </td> <td><code>\^l</code> </td> <td><code>l^</code> </td> <td><code>L</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>l</code> </td> <td><code>_l</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)" title="Lateral release (phonetics)">Lateral release</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>427 </td> <td>◌̚ </td> <td><code>.)</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,=</code> </td> <td><code>\cn</code> </td> <td><code>]]]</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code><unx></code> </td> <td><code>c</code> </td> <td><code>_}</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">No audible release</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>428 </td> <td>◌̴ </td> <td><code>~)</code> </td> <td><code>-</code><a href="#cite_note-mo-hyphen-17">[e]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_e</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarized</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">pharyngealized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>429 </td> <td>◌̝ </td> <td><code>=</code> </td> <td><code>.</code><a href="#cite_note-mo-period-19">[g]</a> </td> <td><code>,/</code> or <code>,up</code> </td> <td><code>\T^</code> </td> <td><code>++</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_r</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation" title="Relative articulation">Raised</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>430 </td> <td>◌̞ </td> <td><code>="</code> </td> <td><code>(</code> </td> <td><code>,\</code> or <code>,dn</code> </td> <td><code>\Tv</code> </td> <td><code>__</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_o</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation" title="Relative articulation">Lowered</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>431 </td> <td>◌̩ </td> <td><code>,)</code> </td> <td><code>\</code> </td> <td><code>,$</code> </td> <td><code>\|v</code> </td> <td><code>$</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>-</code> </td> <td><code>=</code> </td> <td><code>=</code> or <code>_=</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syllabic_consonant" title="Syllabic consonant">Syllabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>432 </td> <td>◌̯ </td> <td><code>(</code> </td> <td><code>*</code><a href="#cite_note-mo-asterisk-20">[h]</a> </td> <td><code>,gl</code> </td> <td><code>\nv</code> </td> <td><code>$$</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>(</code> </td> <td><code>_^</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Non-syllabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">433 </td> <td>◌͡◌ </td> <td rowspan="2"><code>))</code><a href="#cite_note-21">[i]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><code>_</code> </td> <td><code>\li</code> </td> <td><code>#&</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><code>_</code> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Double_articulation" title="Double articulation">double articulation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>◌͜◌ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>@&</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>501 </td> <td>ˈ </td> <td><code>'</code> </td> <td><code>'</code> </td> <td><code>$S5</code> </td> <td><code>\'1</code> </td> <td><code>}</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>'</code> </td> <td><code>`</code> </td> <td><code>"</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primary_stress" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary stress">Primary stress</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>502 </td> <td>ˌ </td> <td><code>,</code> </td> <td><code>`</code> </td> <td><code>$S3</code> </td> <td><code>\'2</code> </td> <td><code>}}</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>,</code> </td> <td><code>'</code> </td> <td><code>%</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">Secondary stress</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>503 </td> <td>ː </td> <td><code>:</code> </td> <td><code>|</code> </td> <td><code>,:</code> </td> <td><code>\:f</code> </td> <td><code>:</code> </td> <td><code>:</code> </td> <td><code>:</code> </td> <td><code>:</code> </td> <td><code>:</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">Long</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>504 </td> <td>ˑ </td> <td><code>;</code> </td> <td><code>:</code> </td> <td><code>,.</code> </td> <td><code>\.f</code> </td> <td><code>::</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>;</code> </td> <td><code>:\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">Half-long</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>505 </td> <td>◌̆ </td> <td><code>(^</code> </td> <td><code>*</code><a href="#cite_note-mo-asterisk-20">[h]</a> </td> <td><code>,--</code> </td> <td><code>\N^</code> </td> <td><code>***</code> </td> <td><code>S</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>(</code> </td> <td><code>_X</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Extra-short" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra-short">Extra-short</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>506 </td> <td>. </td> <td><code>.</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>$</code> </td> <td><code>.</code> </td> <td><code>.</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#</code> </td> <td><code>.</code> </td> <td><code>.</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">Syllable</a> break </td></tr> <tr> <td>507 </td> <td>| </td> <td><code>|</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>|</code> </td> <td><code>.<</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>|</code> </td> <td>Minor (<a href="/wiki/Foot_(prosody)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot (prosody)">foot</a>) group </td></tr> <tr> <td>508 </td> <td>‖ </td> <td><code>||</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>||</code> </td> <td><code>.=</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>||</code> </td> <td>Major (<a href="/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)" title="Intonation (linguistics)">intonation</a>) group </td></tr> <tr> <td>509 </td> <td>‿ </td> <td><code>=)</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>\_u</code> </td> <td><code>#=</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>-\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connected_speech" title="Connected speech">Linking (absence of a break)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>510 </td> <td>↗ </td> <td><code>/</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#>></code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code></></code> or <code><R></code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)" title="Intonation (linguistics)">Global rise</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>511 </td> <td>↘ </td> <td><code>\</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#<<</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code><\></code> or <code><F></code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)" title="Intonation (linguistics)">Global fall</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>512 </td> <td>◌̋ </td> <td><code>5</code> </td> <td><code>5</code> </td> <td><code>$T5-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>@4</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_9</code> </td> <td><code>_T</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Extra-high</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>513 </td> <td>◌́ </td> <td><code>4</code> </td> <td><code>4</code> </td> <td><code>$T4-</code> </td> <td><code>\'^</code> </td> <td><code>@3</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_7</code> </td> <td><code>_H</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">High</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>514 </td> <td>◌̄ </td> <td><code>3</code> </td> <td><code>3</code> </td> <td><code>$T3-</code> </td> <td><code>\-^</code> </td> <td><code>@2</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_5</code> </td> <td><code>_M</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Mid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>515 </td> <td>◌̀ </td> <td><code>2</code> </td> <td><code>2</code> </td> <td><code>$T2-</code> </td> <td><code>\`^</code> </td> <td><code>@1</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_3</code> </td> <td><code>_L</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Low</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>516 </td> <td>◌̏ </td> <td><code>1</code> </td> <td><code>1</code> </td> <td><code>$T1-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>@0</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_1</code> </td> <td><code>_B</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Extra-low</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>517 </td> <td>ꜛ </td> <td><code>/)</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#<</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>^</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upstep" title="Upstep">Upstep</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>518 </td> <td>ꜜ </td> <td><code>\)</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#></code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>!</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Downstep" title="Downstep">Downstep</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>519 </td> <td>˥ </td> <td><code>5</code> </td> <td><code>5</code> </td> <td><code>$T5-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#4</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code><T></code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Extra-high</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>520 </td> <td>˦ </td> <td><code>4</code> </td> <td><code>4</code> </td> <td><code>$T4-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#3</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code><H></code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">High</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>521 </td> <td>˧ </td> <td><code>3</code> </td> <td><code>3</code> </td> <td><code>$T3-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#2</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code><M></code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Mid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>522 </td> <td>˨ </td> <td><code>2</code> </td> <td><code>2</code> </td> <td><code>$T2-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#1</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code><L></code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Low</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>523 </td> <td>˩ </td> <td><code>1</code> </td> <td><code>1</code> </td> <td><code>$T1-</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>#0</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code></code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Extra-low</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>524 </td> <td>◌̌ </td> <td><code>15</code> </td> <td><code>15</code> </td> <td><code>$1/</code> </td> <td><code>\v^</code> </td> <td><code>@13</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_L_H</code>, <code>_R</code> or <code>_/</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Rising</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>525 </td> <td>◌̂ </td> <td><code>51</code> </td> <td><code>51</code> </td> <td><code>$5\</code> </td> <td><code>\^^</code> </td> <td><code>@31</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_H_L</code>, <code>_F</code> or <code>_\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Falling</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>526 </td> <td>◌᷄ </td> <td><code>35</code> </td> <td><code>35</code> </td> <td><code>$3/</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>@23</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_H_T</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">High-rising</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>527 </td> <td>◌᷅ </td> <td><code>13</code> </td> <td><code>13</code> </td> <td><code>$3\</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>@12</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_B_L</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Low-rising</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>528 </td> <td>◌᷈ </td> <td><code>342</code> </td> <td><code>342</code> </td> <td><code>$T3^</code> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>@131</code> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><code>_M_H_L</code>, <code>_R_F</code> or <code>_/_\</code> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Rising–falling</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Coverage">Coverage</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coverage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Scope </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">Branner </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">Millar & Oasa </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">PHONASCII </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">Praat </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">SIL </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">UPSID </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">Usenet </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">Worldbet </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">X-SAMPA </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Consonants (80) </th> <td>79 (99%) </td> <td>69 (86%) </td> <td>67 (84%) </td> <td>79 (99%) </td> <td>80 (100%) </td> <td>75 (94%) </td> <td>73 (91%) </td> <td>73 (91%) </td> <td>79 (99%) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Vowels (29) </th> <td>29 (100%) </td> <td>27 (93%) </td> <td>26 (90%) </td> <td>29 (100%) </td> <td>28 (97%) </td> <td>28 (97%) </td> <td>28 (97%) </td> <td>26 (90%) </td> <td>29 (100%) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Diacritics (35) </th> <td>34 (97%) </td> <td>15 (43%) </td> <td>25 (71%) </td> <td>30 (86%) </td> <td>34 (97%) </td> <td>12 (34%) </td> <td>17 (49%) </td> <td>25 (71%) </td> <td>26 (74%) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Suprasegmentals (28) </th> <td>28 (100%) </td> <td>20 (71%) </td> <td>21 (75%) </td> <td>14 (50%) </td> <td>28 (100%) </td> <td>2 (7%) </td> <td>4 (14%) </td> <td>11 (39%) </td> <td>28 (100%) </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row">Total (172) </th> <td>170 (99%) </td> <td>131 (76%) </td> <td>139 (81%) </td> <td>152 (88%) </td> <td>170 (99%) </td> <td>117 (68%) </td> <td>122 (71%) </td> <td>135 (78%) </td> <td>162 (94%) </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPABET" title="ARPABET">ARPABET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-worldbet-proposed-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-proposed_13-11">l</a> In Worldbet, these combinations are given as merely proposed for values "for which no machine-readable coding has yet been proposed". </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Uvular_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvular approximant">uvular approximant</a> is represented by <code>R</code> in PHONASCII. </li> <li id="cite_note-usenet-l-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usenet-l_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usenet-l_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usenet-l_15-2">c</a> <code>L</code> represents either a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative, a velar approximant, or a velarized alveolar lateral approximant in the Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription. </li> <li id="cite_note-usenet-cexcl-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usenet-cexcl_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usenet-cexcl_16-1">b</a> <code>c!</code> represents either an alveolar or palatal click in the Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription. </li> <li id="cite_note-mo-hyphen-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mo-hyphen_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mo-hyphen_17-1">b</a> <code>-</code> represents either retracted or "velarized or pharyngealized" in Millar & Oasa's system. </li> <li id="cite_note-worldbet-nonascii-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-nonascii_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbet-nonascii_18-1">b</a> <code>¿</code> and <code>¡</code> are not part of ASCII, but are nonetheless proposed as encoding advanced and retracted tongue root, respectively, in Worldbet. </li> <li id="cite_note-mo-period-19"><a href="#cite_ref-mo-period_19-0">^</a> <code>.</code> represents either raised or palatalized in Millar & Oasa's system. </li> <li id="cite_note-mo-asterisk-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mo-asterisk_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mo-asterisk_20-1">b</a> <code>*</code> represents either non-syllabic or extra-short in Millar & Oasa's system. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <code>))</code> representing a tie bar is placed after both segments, as in <code>ts))</code>, in Branner's system. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Phonetic_Association1993" class="citation journal cs1">International Phonetic Association (1993). 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Universität Frankfurt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simple+UPSID+interface&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A4t+Frankfurt&rft.date=2018-05-23&rft.aulast=Reetz&rft.aufirst=Henning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmenzerath.phonetik.uni-frankfurt.de%2Fupsid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+ASCII+encodings+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGómez-VildaFerrández-VicenteRodellar-BiargeÁlvarez-Marquina2009" class="citation book cs1">Gómez-Vilda, Pedro; Ferrández-Vicente, José Manuel; Rodellar-Biarge, Victoria; Álvarez-Marquina, Agustín; Mazaira-Fernández, Luis Miguel; Martínez-Olalla, Rafael; Muñoz-Mulas, Cristina (2009). "Detection of Speech Dynamics by Neuromorphic Units". 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 19 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Representing+IPA+phonetics+in+ASCII&rft.date=2011-09-06&rft.aulast=Kirshenbaum&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirshenbaum.net%2FIPA%2Fascii-ipa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+ASCII+encodings+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHieronymus1994" class="citation journal cs1">Hieronymus, James L. (1994). "ASCII Phonetic Symbols for the World's Languages: Worldbet". AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Memorandum. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.225.9914">10.1.1.225.9914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AT%26T+Bell+Laboratories+Technical+Memorandum&rft.atitle=ASCII+Phonetic+Symbols+for+the+World%27s+Languages%3A+Worldbet&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.225.9914%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.aulast=Hieronymus&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+ASCII+encodings+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2000" class="citation web cs1">Wells, John (3 May 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm">"Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA"</a>. University College London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Computer-coding+the+IPA%3A+a+proposed+extension+of+SAMPA&rft.pub=University+College+London&rft.date=2000-05-03&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fsampa%2Fx-sampa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+ASCII+encodings+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blahedo.org/ascii-ipa.html">Representation of IPA with ASCII</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{padding:0.2em;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2ce;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table .wraplinks .selflink{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow)[scope="col"]{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;max-width:4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable 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