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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%B2%E1%8A%95" title="ኢሲን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢሲን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%86" title="إيسن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيسن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sin" title="İsin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Исин – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Исин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD_(%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Ісін (Шумер) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісін (Шумер)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ایسن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%ADn" title="Isín – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Isín" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%A0_(%EB%A9%94%EC%86%8C%ED%8F%AC%ED%83%80%EB%AF%B8%EC%95%84)" title="이신 (메소포타미아) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이신 (메소포타미아)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin_(citt%C3%A0_antica)" title="Isin (città antica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isin (città antica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="איסין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isinas" title="Isinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Isinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsz%C3%ADn" title="Íszín – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Íszín" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ისინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87)" title="ايسن (تجمع سكان فى القادسيه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايسن (تجمع سكان فى القادسيه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3" title="イシン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イシン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isim" title="Isim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Isim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Исин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin_(Mezopot%C3%A1mia)" title="Isin (Mezopotámia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Isin (Mezopotámia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئیسین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیسین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Исин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin" title="Isin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Isin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="இசின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sin" title="İsin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ісін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%BE%9B" title="伊辛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊辛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%BE%9B" title="伊辛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊辛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q501259#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Isin&params=31_53_06_N_45_16_07_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°53′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">45°16′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.88500°N 45.26861°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.88500; 45.26861</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient city in Mesopotamia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Isin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Isin (disambiguation)">Isin (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Isin</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="display-none" style="display:none;">{{{1}}}</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Isin is located in Iraq"><img alt="Isin is located in Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/250px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/375px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/500px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.527%;left:65.415%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Isin"><img alt="Isin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Iraq</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Ishan al-Bahriyat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Al-Q%C4%81disiyyah_Governorate" title="Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate">Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Isin&params=31_53_06_N_45_16_07_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°53′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">45°16′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.88500°N 45.26861°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.88500; 45.26861</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Settlement</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Periods</th><td class="infobox-data">Early Dynastic, Isin-Larsa, Old Babylonian, Kassite, Neo-Babylonian</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Excavation dates</th><td class="infobox-data">1924, 1926, 1973-1989</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archaeologists</th><td class="infobox-data">Stephen Herbert Langdon, Raymond P. Dougherty, Barthel Hrouda</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Isin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a>: <span lang="sux"><span style="font-size:125%;font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Akkadian','Noto Sans Cuneiform','Noto Sans Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform';" title="cuneiform text" lang="und-Xsux">𒉌𒋛𒅔𒆠</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Sumerian-language romanization"><i lang="sux-Latn">I<sub>3</sub>-si-in<sup>ki</sup></i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> modern <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <b>Ishan al-Bahriyat</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archaeological site</a> in <a href="/wiki/Al-Q%C4%81disiyyah_Governorate" title="Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate">Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> which was the location of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a> city of Isin, occupied from the late 4th millennium <a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk period</a> up until at least the late 1st millennium BC <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Babylonian">Neo-Babylonian</a> period. It lies about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of the modern city of <a href="/wiki/Al_Diwaniyah" title="Al Diwaniyah">Al Diwaniyah</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">tutelary deity</a> of Isin, dating back to at least the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic period</a>, was the healing goddess <a href="/wiki/Gula_(goddess)" title="Gula (goddess)">Gula</a> with a major temple (, E-gal-ma) sited there as well as smaller installations for the related gods of <a href="/wiki/Ninisina" title="Ninisina">Ninisina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ninlil" title="Ninlil">Sud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_Looters_in_the_Archaeological_site_of_Isin_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Iraqi_Looters_in_the_Archaeological_site_of_Isin_1.jpg/220px-Iraqi_Looters_in_the_Archaeological_site_of_Isin_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Iraqi_Looters_in_the_Archaeological_site_of_Isin_1.jpg/330px-Iraqi_Looters_in_the_Archaeological_site_of_Isin_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Iraqi_Looters_in_the_Archaeological_site_of_Isin_1.jpg/440px-Iraqi_Looters_in_the_Archaeological_site_of_Isin_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>Looters at the site of Isin</figcaption></figure> <p>Isin is located approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a>. The site covers an area of about 150 hectares with a maximum height of about 10 meters. </p><p>By 1922 the site had been suggested as that of Isin.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ishan al-Bahriyat was visited by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Herbert_Langdon" title="Stephen Herbert Langdon">Stephen Herbert Langdon</a> for a day to conduct a sounding, while he was excavating at <a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a> in 1924. He found inscribed bricks of <a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan" title="Ishme-Dagan">Ishme-Dagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enlil-bani" title="Enlil-bani">Enlil-bani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later Raymond P. Dougherty, on behalf of the American Schools of Oriental Research, conducted a two-day survey of the site finding inscribed bricks of <a href="/wiki/Bur-Suen" title="Bur-Suen">Bur-Sin</a> and Neo-Babylonian ruler <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papiermuseum_Basel_2008_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Papiermuseum_Basel_2008_%281%29.jpg/220px-Papiermuseum_Basel_2008_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Papiermuseum_Basel_2008_%281%29.jpg/330px-Papiermuseum_Basel_2008_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Papiermuseum_Basel_2008_%281%29.jpg/440px-Papiermuseum_Basel_2008_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><b>Left:</b> Cuneiform clay tablet. Old Babylonian, 1900-1700 BC<br /><b>Right:</b> Sumerian cuneiform "foundation stone". This clay cone was embedded in a wall, and contains the deed of foundation of the city walls of Isin (Tell Bahriyat) by king <a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan" title="Ishme-Dagan">Ishme-Dagan</a> of Isin (1953-1935 BC)</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern archaeological work at Isin was accomplished in 11 seasons between 1973 and 1989 by a team of German archaeologists led by Barthel Hrouda on behalf of the Munich Institute for Near Eastern Archaeology. Hundreds of cuneiform tablets from the Old Babylonian period, in buildings abandoned after being destroyed by fire, were recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as was the case at many sites in Iraq, research was interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> (1990–1991) and the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003 to 2011). Since the end of excavations, extensive looting is reported to have resumed at the site. Even when the German team began their work, the site had already been heavily looted.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant find, in the <a href="/wiki/Ninurta" title="Ninurta">Ninurta</a> shrine of the Gula temple, was an alabaster mace head of the Akkadian Empire ruler <a href="/wiki/Manishtushu" title="Manishtushu">Manishtushu</a> inscribed "Man-istusu, king of the world, dedicated (this mace) to the goddess Ninisina". An inscription of Takil-ilissu, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Malgium" title="Malgium">Malgium</a> was also found.<sup id="cite_ref-Frayne_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frayne-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early find included a Jemdet Nasr stamp seal and a small stone lion figurine of the Uruk period.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary focus of the excavations was the four meter wide wall enclosed <a href="/wiki/Gula_(goddess)" title="Gula (goddess)">Gula</a> temple complex. The complex showed construction through at least the Isin I, Kassite, and Neo-Babylonian periods with 3rd millennium BC finds suggested its earlier existence. Finds included 30 dog burials, copper pendants inscribed with dog images, and clay dog figurines, one with a prayer to Gula. An inscribed brick of <a href="/wiki/Adad-apla-iddina" title="Adad-apla-iddina">Adad-apla-iddina</a>, 8th ruler of the 2nd dynasty of Isin, dedicated to the healing goddess <a href="/wiki/Ninisina" title="Ninisina">Nin-ezena</a> was also found. On another section of the main mound 3rd millennium BC buildings provided "gold jewellery, bronze weapons, cylinder seals, and a few cuneiform tablets of which two date back to the Early Dynastic period", a clay nail of Isme-Dagan referring to construction of the bad-gal "Great Wall" city wall of Isin and an inscribed brick of <a href="/wiki/Ur-du-kuga" title="Ur-du-kuga">Ur-du-kuga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Kassite layer an Early Dynastic III statue, 16.5 cm in height, of a kneeling man wearing only a triple belt.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just to the south of the temple complex two Early Dynastic I period buildings were found.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg/220px-Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg/330px-Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg/440px-Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="2925" /></a><figcaption>A praise poem to Iddin-Dagān from the site, currently at <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée du Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The site of Isin was occupied at least as early as the <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a> based on pottery shards. Significant occupation began in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic period</a> in early to middle 3rd millennium BC. Isin is known to have been occupied during the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An intensive building program began at Isin during the <a href="/wiki/Ur_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Ur III">Ur III</a> empire in the late 3rd millennium BC. WIth the fall of Ur, an <a href="/wiki/Amorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite">Amorite</a> dynasty took power in the city, during the <a href="/wiki/Isin-Larsa_period" title="Isin-Larsa period">Isin-Larsa period</a>. The city then fell to <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> and suffered a period of abandonment. Activity resumed under the <a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassites</a>, followed by a period of local control. Isin was occupied to various degrees until the Neo-Babylonian period.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the final decline of the Ur III empire at the end of the third millennium BC, a power vacuum was left that other city-states scrambled to fill. <a href="/wiki/Ishbi-Erra" title="Ishbi-Erra">Ishbi-Erra</a>, said to be an Amorite, from <a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a>, and an Ur III official under its final ruler <a href="/wiki/Ibbi-Sin" title="Ibbi-Sin">Ibbi-Sin</a>, gained rulership of Isin and began the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Isin" class="mw-redirect" title="First Dynasty of Isin">First Dynasty of Isin</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Elamites" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamites">Elamites</a> had attacked Isin and Ur, capturing Ur.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Ishbi-Erra's acts was to expel the Elamites from Ur and the region, his year name being "Year (Iszbi-Irra the king) brought out of Ur, with his strong weapon, the Elamite who was dwelling in its midst".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_King_List" title="Sumerian King List">Sumerian King List</a> gives a 33-year reign for Ishbi-Erra only one royal inscription has been found. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"For the god Enlil, lord of the foreign lands, his lord, Isbi-Err[a], mighty king, lord of <his> land, fashioned a great lyre for him, which ... the heart. He dedicated it [for his own] life. The name of this lyre is 'Isbi-Erra trusts in the god Enlil'."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>The Isin I dynasty lasted over two centuries. Its most powerful period was early on. With the rise of <a href="/wiki/Larsa" title="Larsa">Larsa</a> and a number of smaller Amorite city-states, the influence of Isin slowly declined. A notable ruler was Ishme-Dagan for whom a number of hymns were written, in a style thought to be imitative of <a href="/wiki/Shulgi" title="Shulgi">Shulgi</a>, the ruler of Ur III.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact events surrounding Isin's disintegration as a kingdom are mostly unknown, but some evidence can be pieced together. Documents indicate that access to water sources presented a huge problem for Isin. Isin also endured an internal coup of a sort when <a href="/wiki/Gungunum" title="Gungunum">Gungunum</a> the royally appointed governor of <a href="/wiki/Larsa" title="Larsa">Larsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lagash" title="Lagash">Lagash</a> province, seized the city of Ur. Ur had been the main center of the Gulf trade; thus this move economically devastated Isin. Additionally, Gungunum's two successors <a href="/wiki/Abisare" title="Abisare">Abisare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumuel" title="Sumuel">Sumuel</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1905 BC</span> and 1894 BC) both sought to cut Isin off from its canals by rerouting them into Larsa. At some point, Nippur was also lost. Isin would never recover. Around 1860 BC, an outsider named Enlil-bani seized the throne of Isin, ending the hereditary dynasty established by Ishbi-Erra over 150 years earlier. <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated54_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated54-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although politically and economically weak, Isin maintained its independence from Larsa for at least another forty years, ultimately succumbing to Larsa's ruler <a href="/wiki/Rim-Sin_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rim-Sin I">Rim-Sin I</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="First Dynasty of Babylon">First Dynasty of Babylon</a> rose to power in the early 2nd millennium and captured Larsa, much significant construction occurred at Isin. This ended with a destruction dated to around the 27th year of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Samsu-iluna" title="Samsu-iluna">Samsu-iluna</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a>, based on tablets found there. </p><p>Later, the <a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassites</a> who took over in Babylon after its sack in 1531 BC, resumed building at Isin. Activity was primarily at the Gula temple and it appears that in that period Isin was only a cult center. The final significant stage of activity occurred during the Second Dynasty of Isin at the end of the 2nd millennium, most notably by king <a href="/wiki/Adad-apla-iddina" title="Adad-apla-iddina">Adad-apla-iddina</a>. Isin remained occupied at least as late as the second decade of the reign of the Persian ruler <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> (c 507 BC), then in the control of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the at least 256 ruler year names about 75% have been found. Most have the standard format, aside from Bur-Sin who numbered his years. These year names combined with new tablet joins show that there were two additional rulers, Sumu-abum and Ikūn-pī-Išta, slotting in between Erra-imittī and Enlil-bān. The reign of Sumu-abum lasted less than a year.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_literature">Culture and literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture and literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg/220px-Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg/330px-Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg/440px-Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Cylinder seal of <a href="/wiki/Bur-Suen" title="Bur-Suen">Bur-Suen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city lay on the Isinnitum Canal, part of a set of waterways that connected the cities of Mesopotamia.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The patron deity of Isin was <a href="/wiki/Nintinugga" title="Nintinugga">Nintinuga</a> (Gula) goddess of healing, and a temple to her was built there. The Isin king Enlil-bani reported building a temple to Gula named E-ni-dub-bi, a temple for Sud named E-dim-gal-an-na, a temple E-ur-gi-ra to <a href="/wiki/Ninisina" title="Ninisina">Ninisina</a>, as well as a temple for the god Ninbgal.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated54_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated54-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ishbi-Erra" title="Ishbi-Erra">Ishbi-Erra</a> continued many of the cultic practices that had flourished in the preceding <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Ur III</a> period. He continued acting out the <a href="/wiki/Hieros_gamos" title="Hieros gamos">sacred marriage</a> ritual each year. During this ritual, the king played the part of the mortal <a href="/wiki/Dumuzid_the_Shepherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumuzid the Shepherd">Dumuzi</a>, and he had sex with a priestess who represented the goddess of love and war, <a href="/wiki/Inanna" title="Inanna">Inanna</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a>). This was thought to strengthen the king's relationship to the gods, which would then bring stability and prosperity on the entire country. </p><p>The Isin kings continued also the practice of appointing their daughters official priestesses of the <a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">moon god</a> of Ur. </p><p>The literature of the period also continued in the line of the Ur III traditions when the Isin dynasty was first begun. For example, the royal hymn, a genre started in the preceding millennium, was continued. Many royal hymns written for the Isin rulers mirrored the themes, structure, and language of the Ur ones. Sometimes the hymns were written in the first person of a king's voice; other times, they were pleas of ordinary citizens meant for the ears of a king (sometimes an already dead one). </p><p>It was during this period that the <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_King_List" title="Sumerian King List">Sumerian King List</a> attained its final form, though it used many much earlier sources. The very compilation of the List seems to lead up to the Isin Dynasty itself, which would give it much legitimacy in the minds of the people because the dynasty would then be linked to earlier (albeit sometimes legendary) kings.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_rulers">List of rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_King_List" title="Sumerian King List">Sumerian King List</a> (SKL)</i> gives a list of the rulers of only one dynasty of Isin. The <a href="/wiki/First_Sealand_dynasty" title="First Sealand dynasty">first Sealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kassite_dynasty" title="Kassite dynasty">Kassite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isin_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Isin II">second Isin</a> dynasties are known from the <i><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_King_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian King List">Babylonian King List</a> (BKL)</i>. The following list should not be considered complete: </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="width:100%;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="1%"># </th> <th width="24.75%">Portrait or inscription </th> <th width="24.75%">Ruler </th> <th width="24.75%"><abbr title="approximately">Approx.</abbr> date and length of reign </th> <th width="24.75%">Comments, notes, and references for mentions </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center" style="background-color:palegoldenrod"><b><a href="/wiki/Ur_III_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ur III period">Ur III period</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circa#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:circa">c.</a><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2119</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2004 BC</span>)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty_of_Isin" title="Dynasty of Isin">First dynasty of Isin / Isin I dynasty</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2018</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1792 BC</span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_seal_and_modern_impression_Presentation_scene,ca._2000%E2%80%931750_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cylinder_seal_and_modern_impression_Presentation_scene%2Cca._2000%E2%80%931750_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg/120px-Cylinder_seal_and_modern_impression_Presentation_scene%2Cca._2000%E2%80%931750_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cylinder_seal_and_modern_impression_Presentation_scene%2Cca._2000%E2%80%931750_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg/180px-Cylinder_seal_and_modern_impression_Presentation_scene%2Cca._2000%E2%80%931750_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cylinder_seal_and_modern_impression_Presentation_scene%2Cca._2000%E2%80%931750_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg/240px-Cylinder_seal_and_modern_impression_Presentation_scene%2Cca._2000%E2%80%931750_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="213" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ishbi-Erra" title="Ishbi-Erra">Ishbi-Erra</a><br />𒀭𒅖𒁉𒀴𒊏 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 2018 – c. 1985 BC</span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Middle_chronology" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle chronology">MC</a>)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1953 – c. 1921 BC</span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Short_chronology" class="mw-redirect" title="Short chronology">SC</a>)<br />(32 or 33 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tempore" title="Tempore">temp.</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Ibbi-Suen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibbi-Suen">Ibbi-Suen</a></li> <li>Said on the <i>SKL</i> to have held the title of, <i>"<a href="/wiki/Lugal" title="Lugal">King</a>"</i> of not just Akkad; but, to have held the <i>"<a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">Kingship</a>"</i> over <i>all</i> of Sumer</li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Amorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite">Amorite</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="1%"># </th> <th width="24.75%">Portrait or inscription </th> <th width="24.75%">Ruler </th> <th width="24.75%"><abbr title="approximately">Approx.</abbr> date and length of reign </th> <th width="24.75%">Comments, notes, and references for mentions </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center" style="background-color:palegoldenrod"><b><a href="/wiki/Isin-Larsa_period" title="Isin-Larsa period">Isin-Larsa period</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2004</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1787 BC</span>)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>"Then <a href="/wiki/Ur#List_of_rulers" title="Ur">Ur</a> was defeated. The very foundation of Sumer was torn out. The <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">kingship</a> was taken to Isin."</i></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_King_List" title="Sumerian King List">Sumerian King List</a> (SKL)</i></cite></div></blockquote> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_seal,_ca._1822%E2%80%931763_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cylinder_seal%2C_ca._1822%E2%80%931763_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg/120px-Cylinder_seal%2C_ca._1822%E2%80%931763_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cylinder_seal%2C_ca._1822%E2%80%931763_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg/180px-Cylinder_seal%2C_ca._1822%E2%80%931763_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cylinder_seal%2C_ca._1822%E2%80%931763_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg/240px-Cylinder_seal%2C_ca._1822%E2%80%931763_B.C._Isin-Larsa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="299" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shu-Ilishu" title="Shu-Ilishu">Shu-Ilishu</a><br />𒋗𒉌𒉌𒋗 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1985 – c. 1975 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1920 – c. 1911 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(10, 15, or 20 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Ishbi-Erra</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Emisum" title="Emisum">Emisum</a></li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"<a href="/wiki/King_of_Sumer_and_Akkad" title="King of Sumer and Akkad">King of Sumer and Akkad</a>"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg/120px-Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg/180px-Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg/240px-Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="2925" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iddin-Dagan" title="Iddin-Dagan">Iddin-Dagan</a><br />𒀭𒄿𒁷𒀭𒁕𒃶 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1975 – c. 1954 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1910 – c. 1890 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(18, 21, or 25 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Shu-Ilishu</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Samium" title="Samium">Samium</a></li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamped_brick_with_the_name_of_Ishme-Dagan,_king_of_Isin,_Isin-Larsa_Period,_from_Ur,_currently_housed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Stamped_brick_with_the_name_of_Ishme-Dagan%2C_king_of_Isin%2C_Isin-Larsa_Period%2C_from_Ur%2C_currently_housed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg/120px-Stamped_brick_with_the_name_of_Ishme-Dagan%2C_king_of_Isin%2C_Isin-Larsa_Period%2C_from_Ur%2C_currently_housed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Stamped_brick_with_the_name_of_Ishme-Dagan%2C_king_of_Isin%2C_Isin-Larsa_Period%2C_from_Ur%2C_currently_housed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg/180px-Stamped_brick_with_the_name_of_Ishme-Dagan%2C_king_of_Isin%2C_Isin-Larsa_Period%2C_from_Ur%2C_currently_housed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Stamped_brick_with_the_name_of_Ishme-Dagan%2C_king_of_Isin%2C_Isin-Larsa_Period%2C_from_Ur%2C_currently_housed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg/240px-Stamped_brick_with_the_name_of_Ishme-Dagan%2C_king_of_Isin%2C_Isin-Larsa_Period%2C_from_Ur%2C_currently_housed_in_the_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan" title="Ishme-Dagan">Ishme-Dagan</a><br />𒀭𒅖𒈨𒀭𒁕𒃶 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1954 – c. 1935 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1889 – c. 1871 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(11, 18, 19, or 20 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Iddin-Dagan</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Zabaia" title="Zabaia">Zabaia</a></li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steele_-_Code_of_Lipit-Ishtar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Steele_-_Code_of_Lipit-Ishtar.jpg/120px-Steele_-_Code_of_Lipit-Ishtar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Steele_-_Code_of_Lipit-Ishtar.jpg/180px-Steele_-_Code_of_Lipit-Ishtar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Steele_-_Code_of_Lipit-Ishtar.jpg/240px-Steele_-_Code_of_Lipit-Ishtar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="988" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lipit-Ishtar" title="Lipit-Ishtar">Lipit-Ishtar</a><br />𒇷𒁉𒀉𒁹𒁯 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1935 – c. 1924 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1870 – c. 1860 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(11 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Gungunum" title="Gungunum">Gungunum</a></li> <li>Said on the <i>SKL</i> to have held the title of, <i>"King"</i> of not just Akkad; but, to have held the <i>"Kingship"</i> over <i>all</i> of Sumer</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumerische_K%C3%B6nigsliste.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sumerische_K%C3%B6nigsliste.JPG/120px-Sumerische_K%C3%B6nigsliste.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sumerische_K%C3%B6nigsliste.JPG/180px-Sumerische_K%C3%B6nigsliste.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sumerische_K%C3%B6nigsliste.JPG/240px-Sumerische_K%C3%B6nigsliste.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ur-Ninurta" title="Ur-Ninurta">Ur-Ninurta</a><br />𒀭𒌨𒀭𒊩𒌆𒅁 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1923 – c. 1896 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1859 – c. 1832 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(28 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Abisare" title="Abisare">Abisare</a></li> <li>Said on the <i>SKL</i> to have held the title of, <i>"King"</i> of not just Akkad; but, to have held the <i>"Kingship"</i> over <i>all</i> of Sumer</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg/120px-Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg/180px-Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg/240px-Cylinder_seal_of_Bur-Sin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="758" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bur-Suen" title="Bur-Suen">Bur-Suen</a><br />𒀭𒁓𒀭𒂗𒍪 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1895 – c. 1874 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1831 – c. 1811 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(21 or 22 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Ur-Ninurta</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Sumuel" title="Sumuel">Sumuel</a></li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lipit-Enlil" title="Lipit-Enlil">Lipit-Enlil</a><br />𒀭𒇷𒁉𒀉𒀭𒂗𒆤 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1873 – c. 1868 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1810 – c. 1806 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(5 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Bur-Suen</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_II" title="Puzur-Ashur II">Puzur-Ashur II</a></li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erra-imitti" title="Erra-imitti">Erra-imitti</a><br />𒀭𒀴𒊏𒄿𒈪𒋾 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1868 – c. 1861 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1805 – c. 1799 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(7 or 8 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Nur-Adad" title="Nur-Adad">Nur-Adad</a></li> <li>Said on the <i>SKL</i> to have held the title of, <i>"King"</i> of not just Akkad; but, to have held the <i>"Kingship"</i> over <i>all</i> of Sumer</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ik%C5%ABn-p%C3%AE-I%C5%A1tar" title="Ikūn-pî-Ištar">Ikūn-pî-Ištar</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1861 – c. 1860 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1799 – c. 1798 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(6 months or 1 year)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-k%C4%81%C5%A1id" title="Sîn-kāšid">Sîn-kāšid</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enlil-bani" title="Enlil-bani">Enlil-bani</a><br />𒀭𒂗𒆤𒁀𒉌 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1860 – c. 1836 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1798 – c. 1775 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(24 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Naram-Sin_of_Assyria" title="Naram-Sin of Assyria">Naram-Sin</a></li> <li>Said on the <i>SKL</i> to have held the title of, <i>"King"</i> of not just Akkad; but, to have held the <i>"Kingship"</i> over <i>all</i> of Sumer</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zambiya" title="Zambiya">Zambiya</a><br />𒀭𒍝𒄠𒁉𒅀 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1836 – c. 1833 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1774 – c. 1772 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(3 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Sin-Iqisham" title="Sin-Iqisham">Sin-Iqisham</a></li> <li>Said on the <i>SKL</i> to have held the title of, <i>"King"</i> of not just Akkad; but, to have held the <i>"Kingship"</i> over <i>all</i> of Sumer</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iter-pisha" title="Iter-pisha">Iter-pisha</a><br />𒀭𒄿𒋼𒅕𒅗𒊭 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1833 – c. 1829 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1771 – c. 1768 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(3 or 4 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of Sin-eribam</li> <li>Said on the <i>SKL</i> to have held the title of, <i>"King"</i> of not just Akkad; but, to have held the <i>"Kingship"</i> over <i>all</i> of Sumer</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ur-du-kuga" title="Ur-du-kuga">Ur-du-kuga</a><br />𒀭𒌨𒇯𒆬𒂵 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1829 – c. 1825 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1767 – c. 1764 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(4 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Warad-Sin" title="Warad-Sin">Warad-Sin</a></li> <li>Said on the <i>SKL</i> to have held the title of, <i>"King"</i> of not just Akkad; but, to have held the <i>"Kingship"</i> over <i>all</i> of Sumer</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suen-magir" title="Suen-magir">Suen-magir</a><br />𒀭𒂗𒍪𒈠𒄫 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1825 – c. 1814 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1763 – c. 1753 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(11 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Apil-Sin" title="Apil-Sin">Apil-Sin</a></li> <li>Said on the <i>SKL</i> to have held the title of, <i>"King"</i> of not just Akkad; but, to have held the <i>"Kingship"</i> over <i>all</i> of Sumer</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16th </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_(1940).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/120px-Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/180px-Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/240px-Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Damiq-ilishu" title="Damiq-ilishu">Damiq-ilishu</a><br />𒁕𒈪𒅅𒉌𒉌𒋗 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1814 – c. 1792 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1752 – c. 1730 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(23 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Suen-magir</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_I" title="Shamshi-Adad I">Shamshi-Adad I</a></li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>"16 kings; they ruled for 226 years and 6 months. A total of 39 kings ruled for 14,409 years, 3 months and 3½ days, 4 times in <a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)#List_of_rulers" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a>. A total of 22 kings ruled for 2,610 years, 6 months, and 15 days, 5 times in <a href="/wiki/Uruk#List_of_rulers" title="Uruk">Uruk</a>. A total of 12 kings ruled for 396 years, 3 times in <a href="/wiki/Ur#List_of_rulers" title="Ur">Ur</a>. A total of 3 kings ruled for 356 years, once in <a href="/wiki/Awan_(ancient_city)#List_of_rulers" title="Awan (ancient city)">Awan</a>. A total of 1 king ruled for 7 years, once in <a href="/wiki/Hamazi#List_of_rulers" title="Hamazi">Hamazi</a>. A total of 11 kings ruled for 197 years, once in <a href="/wiki/Akkad_(city)" title="Akkad (city)">Akkad</a>. A total of 23 kings ruled for 125 years and 40 days, once in the army of <a href="/wiki/Gutium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutium">Gutium</a>. A total of 16 kings ruled for 226 years, once in Isin. There are 11 cities, cities in which the kingship was exercised. A total of 139 kings, who altogether ruled for 3,443 years."</i></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>SKL</i></cite></div></blockquote> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="1%"># </th> <th width="24.75%">Portrait or inscription </th> <th width="24.75%">Ruler </th> <th width="24.75%"><abbr title="approximately">Approx.</abbr> date and length of reign </th> <th width="24.75%">Comments, notes, and references for mentions </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Larsa#Kings_of_Larsa" title="Larsa">Dynasty of Larsa</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1792</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1787 BC</span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rim-Sin_foundation_figurine,_1822-1763_BC_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum,_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07168.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rim-Sin_foundation_figurine%2C_1822-1763_BC_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07168.JPG/120px-Rim-Sin_foundation_figurine%2C_1822-1763_BC_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07168.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rim-Sin_foundation_figurine%2C_1822-1763_BC_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07168.JPG/180px-Rim-Sin_foundation_figurine%2C_1822-1763_BC_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07168.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rim-Sin_foundation_figurine%2C_1822-1763_BC_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07168.JPG/240px-Rim-Sin_foundation_figurine%2C_1822-1763_BC_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07168.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3048" data-file-height="5440" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rim-S%C3%AEn_I" title="Rim-Sîn I">Rim-Sîn I</a><br />𒀭𒊑𒅎𒀭𒂗𒍪 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1792 – c. 1787 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of <a href="/wiki/Kudur-Mabuk" title="Kudur-Mabuk">Kudur-Mabuk</a></li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Irdanene" title="Irdanene">Irdanene</a></li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="1%"># </th> <th width="24.75%">Portrait or inscription </th> <th width="24.75%">Ruler </th> <th width="24.75%"><abbr title="approximately">Approx.</abbr> date and length of reign </th> <th width="24.75%">Comments, notes, and references for mentions </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center" style="background-color:palegoldenrod"><b><a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Babylonian period">Old Babylonian period</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1787</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1475 BC</span>)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Amorite_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite dynasty">First dynasty of Babylon</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1787</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1732 BC</span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg/120px-F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg/180px-F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg/240px-F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3170" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a><br />𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1787 – c. 1750 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1810 BC</span></span></li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"<a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Four_Corners" title="King of the Four Corners">King of the Four Corners</a>"</i></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1750 BC</span></span></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Record_of_the_sale_of_land_in_the_reign_of_Samsu-Iluna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Record_of_the_sale_of_land_in_the_reign_of_Samsu-Iluna.jpg/120px-Record_of_the_sale_of_land_in_the_reign_of_Samsu-Iluna.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Record_of_the_sale_of_land_in_the_reign_of_Samsu-Iluna.jpg/180px-Record_of_the_sale_of_land_in_the_reign_of_Samsu-Iluna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Record_of_the_sale_of_land_in_the_reign_of_Samsu-Iluna.jpg/240px-Record_of_the_sale_of_land_in_the_reign_of_Samsu-Iluna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="1254" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsu-iluna" title="Samsu-iluna">Samsu-iluna</a><br />𒊓𒄠𒋢𒄿𒇻𒈾 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1750 – c. 1732 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Hammurabi</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Siwe-Palar-Khuppak" title="Siwe-Palar-Khuppak">Siwe-Palar-Khuppak</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1712 BC</span></span></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="1%"># </th> <th width="24.75%">Portrait or inscription </th> <th width="24.75%">Ruler </th> <th width="24.75%"><abbr title="approximately">Approx.</abbr> date and length of reign </th> <th width="24.75%">Comments, notes, and references for mentions </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/First_Sealand_dynasty" title="First Sealand dynasty">First Sealand dynasty / Sealand I</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1732</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1475 BC</span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Iliman </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1732 – c. 1700 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1700 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(60 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>Relative of Damiq-ilishu (?)</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Gandash" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandash">Gandash</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ittili </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1700 – c. 1683 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(56 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Abi-Eshuh" title="Abi-Eshuh">Abi-Eshuh</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1683 – c. 1677 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of Agum I</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Damqi-ilishu II<br />𒁕𒈪𒅅𒉌𒉌𒋗 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1677 – c. 1642 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(26 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ammi-Ditana" title="Ammi-Ditana">Ammi-Ditana</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ishkibal </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1641 – c. 1617 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(15 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Sharma-Adad_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharma-Adad I">Sharma-Adad I</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Shushushi </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1616 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(24 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Brother of Ishkibal.</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ammi-Saduqa" title="Ammi-Saduqa">Ammi-Saduqa</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Gulkishar </td> <td><i>Uncertain</i><br />(MC)<br /><small>(55 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Samsu-Ditana" title="Samsu-Ditana">Samsu-Ditana</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Gishen </td> <td><i>Uncertain</i><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Sharma-Adad_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharma-Adad II">Sharma-Adad II</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Peshgaldaramesh </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1599 – c. 1549 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(50 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Brother of Gulkishar</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_III" title="Shamshi-Adad III">Shamshi-Adad III</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ayadaragalama<br />𒀀𒀀𒁰𒃴𒈠 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1548 – c. 1520 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(28 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Brother of Peshgaldaramesh</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_I" title="Ashur-nirari I">Ashur-nirari I</a></li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"<a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Universe" title="King of the Universe">King of the Universe</a>"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ekurul </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1519 – c. 1493 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(26 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_III" title="Puzur-Ashur III">Puzur-Ashur III</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Melamma </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1492 – c. 1485 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(7 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Enlil-nasir_I" title="Enlil-nasir I">Enlil-nasir I</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Eaga </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1484 – c. 1475 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /> <p><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1460 BC</span><br />(SC)<br />(9 years)</small> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ulamburiash" title="Ulamburiash">Ulamburiash</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="1%"># </th> <th width="24.75%">Portrait or inscription </th> <th width="24.75%">Ruler </th> <th width="24.75%"><abbr title="approximately">Approx.</abbr> date and length of reign </th> <th width="24.75%">Comments, notes, and references for mentions </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center" style="background-color:palegoldenrod"><b><a href="/wiki/Middle_Babylonian_period" title="Middle Babylonian period">Middle Babylonian period</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1475</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1000 BC</span>)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Kassite_dynasty" title="Kassite dynasty">Kassite dynasty</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1475</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1155 BC</span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agum_III" title="Agum III">Agum III</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1475 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of <a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_III" title="Kashtiliash III">Kashtiliash III</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Kadashman-Sah </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1470 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Part_of_front_of_Inanna_temple_of_Kara_Indasch_from_Uruk_Vorderasiatisches_Museum_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Part_of_front_of_Inanna_temple_of_Kara_Indasch_from_Uruk_Vorderasiatisches_Museum_Berlin.jpg/120px-Part_of_front_of_Inanna_temple_of_Kara_Indasch_from_Uruk_Vorderasiatisches_Museum_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Part_of_front_of_Inanna_temple_of_Kara_Indasch_from_Uruk_Vorderasiatisches_Museum_Berlin.jpg/180px-Part_of_front_of_Inanna_temple_of_Kara_Indasch_from_Uruk_Vorderasiatisches_Museum_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Part_of_front_of_Inanna_temple_of_Kara_Indasch_from_Uruk_Vorderasiatisches_Museum_Berlin.jpg/240px-Part_of_front_of_Inanna_temple_of_Kara_Indasch_from_Uruk_Vorderasiatisches_Museum_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2035" data-file-height="1580" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karaindash" title="Karaindash">Karaindash</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1415 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Harbe_I" title="Kadashman-Harbe I">Kadashman-Harbe I</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1410 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Karaindash</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bead_with_cuneiform_inscription_of_Kurigalzu_I_or_II_MET_DP364276.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bead_with_cuneiform_inscription_of_Kurigalzu_I_or_II_MET_DP364276.jpg/120px-Bead_with_cuneiform_inscription_of_Kurigalzu_I_or_II_MET_DP364276.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bead_with_cuneiform_inscription_of_Kurigalzu_I_or_II_MET_DP364276.jpg/180px-Bead_with_cuneiform_inscription_of_Kurigalzu_I_or_II_MET_DP364276.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bead_with_cuneiform_inscription_of_Kurigalzu_I_or_II_MET_DP364276.jpg/240px-Bead_with_cuneiform_inscription_of_Kurigalzu_I_or_II_MET_DP364276.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3867" data-file-height="3108" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurigalzu_I" title="Kurigalzu I">Kurigalzu I</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1400 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Kadashman-harbe I</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassite_-_Cylinder_Seal_-_Walters_42619.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kassite_-_Cylinder_Seal_-_Walters_42619.jpg/120px-Kassite_-_Cylinder_Seal_-_Walters_42619.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kassite_-_Cylinder_Seal_-_Walters_42619.jpg/180px-Kassite_-_Cylinder_Seal_-_Walters_42619.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kassite_-_Cylinder_Seal_-_Walters_42619.jpg/240px-Kassite_-_Cylinder_Seal_-_Walters_42619.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1073" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_I" title="Kadashman-Enlil I">Kadashman-Enlil I</a><br />𒅗𒁕𒀸𒈠𒀭𒀭𒂗𒆤 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1374 – c. 1360 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(14 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Kurigalzu I (?)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_from_page_29_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_(1940).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Image_from_page_29_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/120px-Image_from_page_29_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Image_from_page_29_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/180px-Image_from_page_29_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Image_from_page_29_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/240px-Image_from_page_29_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1402" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burna-Buriash_II" title="Burna-Buriash II">Burna-Buriash II</a><br />𒁓𒈾𒁍𒊑𒅀𒀸 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1360 – c. 1333 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(27 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Kadashman-Enlil I</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Kara-hardash </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1333 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Burna-Buriash II (?)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Nazi-Bugash </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1333 BC</span><br />(MC) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_seal_of_king_Kurigalzu_II_Louvre_Museum_AOD_105.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cylinder_seal_of_king_Kurigalzu_II_Louvre_Museum_AOD_105.jpg/120px-Cylinder_seal_of_king_Kurigalzu_II_Louvre_Museum_AOD_105.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cylinder_seal_of_king_Kurigalzu_II_Louvre_Museum_AOD_105.jpg/180px-Cylinder_seal_of_king_Kurigalzu_II_Louvre_Museum_AOD_105.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cylinder_seal_of_king_Kurigalzu_II_Louvre_Museum_AOD_105.jpg/240px-Cylinder_seal_of_king_Kurigalzu_II_Louvre_Museum_AOD_105.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1640" data-file-height="743" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurigalzu_II" title="Kurigalzu II">Kurigalzu II</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1333 – c. 1308 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(25 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Burna-Buriash II</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Votive_inscription_Louvre_AO7704.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Votive_inscription_Louvre_AO7704.jpg/120px-Votive_inscription_Louvre_AO7704.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Votive_inscription_Louvre_AO7704.jpg/180px-Votive_inscription_Louvre_AO7704.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Votive_inscription_Louvre_AO7704.jpg/240px-Votive_inscription_Louvre_AO7704.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="1448" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maruttash" title="Nazi-Maruttash">Nazi-Maruttash</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1308 – c. 1282 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(26 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Kurigalzu II</li> <li>Held the title of, <i>"King of Sumer and Akkad"</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amulet_Kadashman-Turgu_Louvre_AO_4633.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Amulet_Kadashman-Turgu_Louvre_AO_4633.jpg/120px-Amulet_Kadashman-Turgu_Louvre_AO_4633.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Amulet_Kadashman-Turgu_Louvre_AO_4633.jpg/180px-Amulet_Kadashman-Turgu_Louvre_AO_4633.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Amulet_Kadashman-Turgu_Louvre_AO_4633.jpg/240px-Amulet_Kadashman-Turgu_Louvre_AO_4633.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1755" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Turgu" title="Kadashman-Turgu">Kadashman-Turgu</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1282 – c. 1264 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(18 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Nazi-Maruttash</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KBo_1_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/KBo_1_10.jpg/120px-KBo_1_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/KBo_1_10.jpg/180px-KBo_1_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/KBo_1_10.jpg/240px-KBo_1_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="1361" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_II" title="Kadashman-Enlil II">Kadashman-Enlil II</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1264 – c. 1255 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(9 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Kadashman-Turgu</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kudur-Enlil" title="Kudur-Enlil">Kudur-Enlil</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1255 – c. 1246 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(9 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Kadashman-Enlil II</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nabonidus_cylinder_sippar_bm1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nabonidus_cylinder_sippar_bm1.jpg/120px-Nabonidus_cylinder_sippar_bm1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nabonidus_cylinder_sippar_bm1.jpg/180px-Nabonidus_cylinder_sippar_bm1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nabonidus_cylinder_sippar_bm1.jpg/240px-Nabonidus_cylinder_sippar_bm1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="505" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shagarakti-Shuriash" title="Shagarakti-Shuriash">Shagarakti-Shuriash</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1246 – c. 1233 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(13 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Kudur-Enlil</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_letter_from_Hattusili_III_to_Kadasman-Enlil_II,_13th_century_BC,_from_Hattusa,_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_letter_from_Hattusili_III_to_Kadasman-Enlil_II%2C_13th_century_BC%2C_from_Hattusa%2C_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum.jpg/120px-A_letter_from_Hattusili_III_to_Kadasman-Enlil_II%2C_13th_century_BC%2C_from_Hattusa%2C_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_letter_from_Hattusili_III_to_Kadasman-Enlil_II%2C_13th_century_BC%2C_from_Hattusa%2C_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum.jpg/180px-A_letter_from_Hattusili_III_to_Kadasman-Enlil_II%2C_13th_century_BC%2C_from_Hattusa%2C_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_letter_from_Hattusili_III_to_Kadasman-Enlil_II%2C_13th_century_BC%2C_from_Hattusa%2C_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum.jpg/240px-A_letter_from_Hattusili_III_to_Kadasman-Enlil_II%2C_13th_century_BC%2C_from_Hattusa%2C_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="5543" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_IV" title="Kashtiliash IV">Kashtiliash IV</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1233 – c. 1225 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(8 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Shagarakti-Shuriash</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-shumi" title="Enlil-nadin-shumi">Enlil-nadin-shumi</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1224 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(1 year and 6 months)</small> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Harbe_II" title="Kadashman-Harbe II">Kadashman-Harbe II</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1223 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(1 year and 6 months)</small> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM_90827.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BM_90827.jpg/120px-BM_90827.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BM_90827.jpg/180px-BM_90827.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BM_90827.jpg/240px-BM_90827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="567" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adad-shuma-iddina" title="Adad-shuma-iddina">Adad-shuma-iddina</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1223 – c. 1217 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(6 years)</small> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ABL_924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ABL_924.jpg/120px-ABL_924.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ABL_924.jpg/180px-ABL_924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ABL_924.jpg/240px-ABL_924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adad-shuma-usur" title="Adad-shuma-usur">Adad-shuma-usur</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1217 – c. 1187 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(30 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Kashtiliash IV (?)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kudurru_Melishipak_Louvre_Sb23_n02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kudurru_Melishipak_Louvre_Sb23_n02.jpg/120px-Kudurru_Melishipak_Louvre_Sb23_n02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kudurru_Melishipak_Louvre_Sb23_n02.jpg/180px-Kudurru_Melishipak_Louvre_Sb23_n02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kudurru_Melishipak_Louvre_Sb23_n02.jpg/240px-Kudurru_Melishipak_Louvre_Sb23_n02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2913" data-file-height="2623" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meli-Shipak_II" title="Meli-Shipak II">Meli-Shipak II</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1187 – c. 1172 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(15 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Adad-shuma-usur</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg/120px-Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg/180px-Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg/240px-Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2639" data-file-height="3973" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_I" title="Marduk-apla-iddina I">Marduk-apla-iddina I</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1172 – c. 1159 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(13 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Meli-Shipak II</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unfinished_kudurru_h9101.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Unfinished_kudurru_h9101.jpg/120px-Unfinished_kudurru_h9101.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Unfinished_kudurru_h9101.jpg/180px-Unfinished_kudurru_h9101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Unfinished_kudurru_h9101.jpg/240px-Unfinished_kudurru_h9101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zababa-shuma-iddin" title="Zababa-shuma-iddin">Zababa-shuma-iddin</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1159 – c. 1158 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(1 year)</small> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enlil-nadin-ahe_kudurru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Enlil-nadin-ahe_kudurru.jpg/120px-Enlil-nadin-ahe_kudurru.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Enlil-nadin-ahe_kudurru.jpg/180px-Enlil-nadin-ahe_kudurru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Enlil-nadin-ahe_kudurru.jpg/240px-Enlil-nadin-ahe_kudurru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-ahi" title="Enlil-nadin-ahi">Enlil-nadin-ahi</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1158 – c. 1155 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(3 years)</small> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="1%"># </th> <th width="24.75%">Portrait or inscription </th> <th width="24.75%">Ruler </th> <th width="24.75%"><abbr title="approximately">Approx.</abbr> date and length of reign </th> <th width="24.75%">Comments, notes, and references for mentions </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Isin_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Isin II">Second dynasty of Isin / Isin II dynasty</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1153</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1022 BC</span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marduk-kabit-ahheshu" title="Marduk-kabit-ahheshu">Marduk-kabit-ahheshu</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1153 – c. 1135 BC</span><br /><small>(18 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_I" title="Ashur-dan I">Ashur-dan I</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM_91015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BM_91015.jpg/120px-BM_91015.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BM_91015.jpg/180px-BM_91015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BM_91015.jpg/240px-BM_91015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="548" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Itti-Marduk-balatu_(king)" title="Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)">Itti-Marduk-balatu</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1135 – c. 1129 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(6 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Marduk-kabit-ahheshu</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur" title="Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur">Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-nadin-shumi" title="Ninurta-nadin-shumi">Ninurta-nadin-shumi</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1129 – c. 1122 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(7 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Relative of Itti-Marduk-balatu (?)</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ashur-resh-ishi_I" title="Ashur-resh-ishi I">Ashur-resh-ishi I</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail,_Kudurru_of_Ritti-Marduk,_from_Sippar,_Iraq,_1125-1104_BCE._British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Detail%2C_Kudurru_of_Ritti-Marduk%2C_from_Sippar%2C_Iraq%2C_1125-1104_BCE._British_Museum.jpg/120px-Detail%2C_Kudurru_of_Ritti-Marduk%2C_from_Sippar%2C_Iraq%2C_1125-1104_BCE._British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Detail%2C_Kudurru_of_Ritti-Marduk%2C_from_Sippar%2C_Iraq%2C_1125-1104_BCE._British_Museum.jpg/180px-Detail%2C_Kudurru_of_Ritti-Marduk%2C_from_Sippar%2C_Iraq%2C_1125-1104_BCE._British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Detail%2C_Kudurru_of_Ritti-Marduk%2C_from_Sippar%2C_Iraq%2C_1125-1104_BCE._British_Museum.jpg/240px-Detail%2C_Kudurru_of_Ritti-Marduk%2C_from_Sippar%2C_Iraq%2C_1125-1104_BCE._British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_I" title="Nebuchadnezzar I">Nebuchadnezzar I</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1122 – c. 1100 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(22 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Ninurta-nadin-shumi</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_I" title="Tiglath-Pileser I">Tiglath-Pileser I</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kudurru_of_Gula-Eresh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kudurru_of_Gula-Eresh.jpg/120px-Kudurru_of_Gula-Eresh.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kudurru_of_Gula-Eresh.jpg/180px-Kudurru_of_Gula-Eresh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kudurru_of_Gula-Eresh.jpg/240px-Kudurru_of_Gula-Eresh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="562" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-apli" title="Enlil-nadin-apli">Enlil-nadin-apli</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1100 – c. 1096 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(4 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Nebuchadnezzar I</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Babylonian_-_Boundary_Stone_-_Walters_2110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Babylonian_-_Boundary_Stone_-_Walters_2110.jpg/120px-Babylonian_-_Boundary_Stone_-_Walters_2110.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Babylonian_-_Boundary_Stone_-_Walters_2110.jpg/180px-Babylonian_-_Boundary_Stone_-_Walters_2110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Babylonian_-_Boundary_Stone_-_Walters_2110.jpg/240px-Babylonian_-_Boundary_Stone_-_Walters_2110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marduk-nadin-ahhe" title="Marduk-nadin-ahhe">Marduk-nadin-ahhe</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1096 – c. 1078 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(18 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Ninurta-nadin-shumi</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marduk-shapik-zeri_cylinder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Marduk-shapik-zeri_cylinder.jpg/120px-Marduk-shapik-zeri_cylinder.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Marduk-shapik-zeri_cylinder.jpg/180px-Marduk-shapik-zeri_cylinder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Marduk-shapik-zeri_cylinder.jpg/240px-Marduk-shapik-zeri_cylinder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="726" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marduk-shapik-zeri" title="Marduk-shapik-zeri">Marduk-shapik-zeri</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1078 – c. 1065 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(13 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>Son of Marduk-nadin-ahhe</li> <li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Asharid-apal-Ekur" title="Asharid-apal-Ekur">Asharid-apal-Ekur</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adad-apla-iddina" title="Adad-apla-iddina">Adad-apla-iddina</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1065 – c. 1041 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(24 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ashur-bel-kala" title="Ashur-bel-kala">Ashur-bel-kala</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marduk-a%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C4%93-er%C4%ABba_kudurru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Marduk-a%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C4%93-er%C4%ABba_kudurru.jpg/120px-Marduk-a%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C4%93-er%C4%ABba_kudurru.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Marduk-a%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C4%93-er%C4%ABba_kudurru.jpg/180px-Marduk-a%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C4%93-er%C4%ABba_kudurru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Marduk-a%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C4%93-er%C4%ABba_kudurru.jpg/240px-Marduk-a%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C4%93-er%C4%ABba_kudurru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="656" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marduk-ahhe-eriba" title="Marduk-ahhe-eriba">Marduk-ahhe-eriba</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1041 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(6 months)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_I" title="Ashurnasirpal I">Ashurnasirpal I</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marduk-zer-X" title="Marduk-zer-X">Marduk-zer-X</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1041 – c. 1029 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(12 years)</small> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sale_of_Land_to_Pay_a_Ransom_ca_1033_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sale_of_Land_to_Pay_a_Ransom_ca_1033_BC.jpg/120px-Sale_of_Land_to_Pay_a_Ransom_ca_1033_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sale_of_Land_to_Pay_a_Ransom_ca_1033_BC.jpg/180px-Sale_of_Land_to_Pay_a_Ransom_ca_1033_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sale_of_Land_to_Pay_a_Ransom_ca_1033_BC.jpg/240px-Sale_of_Land_to_Pay_a_Ransom_ca_1033_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="967" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nabu-shum-libur" title="Nabu-shum-libur">Nabu-shum-libur</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1029 – c. 1022 BC</span><br />(MC)<br /><small>(7 years)</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><i>temp.</i> of <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_II" title="Shalmaneser II">Shalmaneser II</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Isin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Isin">Isin</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities of the Ancient Near East">Cities of the Ancient Near East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mesopotamian_dynasties" title="List of Mesopotamian dynasties">List of Mesopotamian dynasties</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ETCSL. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section2/c211.htm">Sumerian King List</a> .</i> Accessed 19 Dec 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tsouparopoulou, Christina, "The Healing Goddess, Her Dogs and Physicians in Late Third Millennium BC Mesopotamia", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 14-24, 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Excavations in Iraq 1975", Iraq, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 69-70, 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Langdon, S., "The Location of Isin", The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, no. 3, pp. 430–31, 1922</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Langdon, "Excavations at Kish I (1923–1924)", 1924</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.2307/1354958">[1]</a> Dougherty, Raymond P., "An Archæological Survey in Southern Babylonia I", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 23, pp. 15–28, 1926</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dougherty, Raymond P., "An Archæological Survey in Southern Babylonia (Continued)", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 25, pp. 5–13, 1927</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dougherty, Raymond P., "Searching for Ancient Remains in Lower ’Irâq: Report of an Archaeological Survey Made in Southern Babylonia during the First Quarter of 1926", The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 7, pp. 1–93, 1925</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Excavations in Iraq 1973-74", Iraq, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 57-58, 1975</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Excavations in Iraq 1985-86", Iraq, vol. 49, pp. 239-240, 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Excavations in Iraq 1987-88", Iraq, vol. 51, pp. 256, 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Excavations in Iraq 1989–1990", Iraq, vol. 53, pp. 175-176, 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Otto, A./B. Einwag, A. Al-Hussainy/J. Jawdat, Ch. Fink/H. Maaß, "Destruction and looting of archaeological sites between Fāra/Šuruppak and Išān Bahrīyāt/Isin. Damage assessment during the Fara regional survey project FARSUP", Sumer 64, pp. 35-48, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frayne-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frayne_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/sargonic-and-gutian-periods-2334-2113-bc">[2]</a> Douglas R. Frayne, "Akkad", The Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334–2113), University of Toronto Press, pp. 5-218, 1993 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-0593-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-0593-4">0-8020-0593-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Excavations in Iraq 1983-84", Iraq, vol. 47, pp. 221, 1985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Excavations in Iraq 1977-78", Iraq, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 150, 1979</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Excavations in Iraq 1972-73", Iraq, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 192, 1973</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunham, Sally, Review of "Isin-Išān-Baḥrīyāt, IV: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1986–1989 by B. Hrouda", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 131–33, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foster., Benjamin R., "Archives and Record-keeping in Sargonic Mesopotamia", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie , vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 1-27, 1982</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaniuth, Kai, "Isin in the Kassite Period", Volume 2 Karduniaš. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 492-507, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michalowski, Piotr, "The Royal Letters in Their Historical Setting 3: Ur, Isin, Kazallu, and the Final Decades of the Ur III State (Letters 21–24)", The Correspondence of the Kings of Ur: An Epistolary History of an Ancient Mesopotamian Kingdom, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 170-215, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated13-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated13_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughn E. Crawford, "An Ishbi-Irra Date Formula", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 13-19, 1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglas Frayne, "ISIN", Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.): Early Periods, Volume 4, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 5-106, 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayne, D. R, "New light on the reign of Išme-Dagan", ZA 88, pp. 6-44, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated54-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated54_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated54_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William W. Hallo, "The Last Years of the Kings of ISIN", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 54-72, 1959</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloch, Yigal, "An Edomite in Isin", Individuals and Institutions in the Ancient Near East: A Tribute to Ran Zadok, edited by Uri Gabbay and Shai Gordin, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 229-241, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">de Boer, Rients, "Studies on the Old Babylonian Kings of Isin and Their Dynasties with an Updated List of Isin Year Names", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 5-27, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1074&context=books">[3]</a>Sigrist, Marcel, "Isin year names", Andrews University Press, 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobsen, Thorkild., "The Waters of Ur", Iraq, vol. 22, pp. 174–85, 1960</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Livingstone, "The Isin "Dog House" Revisited", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 54-60, 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. B. Rowton, "The Date of the Sumerian King List", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 156-162, 1960</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vaughn Emerson Crawford, "Sumerian economic texts from the first dynasty of Isin", Yale University Press, 1954</li> <li>Crisostomo, Jay, "Old Babylonian legal documents from Isin in the Hearst Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley", Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale 112.1, pp. 103–121, 2018</li> <li>Goetze, A., "Date formula of Iddin-Dagān of Isin", JCS 19, pp. 56, 1965</li> <li>Hrouda, B. "Die Ausgrabungen in Isin 1973 Und 1974", Orientalia, vol. 45, pp. 116–19, 1976</li> <li>Barthel Hrouda, "Isan Bahriyat I. D. Ergebnisse d. Ausgrabungen 1973–1974 (Veroffentlichungen der Kommission zur Erschliessung von Keilschrifttexten)", In Kommission bei der C.H. Beck, 1977 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7696-0074-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-7696-0074-6">3-7696-0074-6</a></li> <li>Barthel Hrouda, "Isin, Isan Bahriyat II: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1975–1978 (Veroffentlichungen der Kommission zur Erschliessung von Keilschrifttexten)", In Kommission bei der C.H. Beck, 1981 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7696-0082-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7696-0082-7">3-7696-0082-7</a></li> <li>Barthel Hrouda, Isin, "Isan Bahriyat III: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1983–1984 (Veroffentlichungen der Kommission zur Erschliessung von Keilschrifttexten)", In Kommission bei C.H. Beck, 1987 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7696-0089-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-7696-0089-4">3-7696-0089-4</a></li> <li>Barthel Hrouda, "Isin, Isan Bahriyat IV: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen, 1986–1989 (Veroffentlichungen der Kommission zur Erschliessung von Keilschrifttexten)", In Kommission bei C.H. Beck, 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7696-0100-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-7696-0100-9">3-7696-0100-9</a></li> <li>Kaniuth, Kai. "Isin in the Kassite Period", Volume 2 Karduniaš. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 492–507, 2017</li> <li>Lieberman, Stephen J., "The years of Damiqilishu, king of Isin", Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 76.2, pp. 97–117, 1982</li> <li>M. van de Mieroop, "Crafts in the Early Isin Period: A Study of the Isin Craft Archive from the Reigns of Isbi-Erra and Su-Illisu", Peeters Publishers, 1987 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6831-092-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-6831-092-5">90-6831-092-5</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/as15.pdf">[4]</a> Arno Poebel, "The Second Dynasty of Isin According to A New King-List Tablet ", Assyriological Studies 15, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955</li> <li>Sternitzke, Katja, "Babylon in the Second Millennium BCE: New Insights on the Transitions from Old Babylonian to Kassite and Isin II Periods", Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 125–145, 2020</li> <li>Wilcke, C., Edzard, D. O., Walker, C., Odzuck, S., & Sommerfeld, W., "Keilschrifttexte aus Isin-Išān Baḥrīyāt: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unter der Schirmherrschaft der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften", Bayerische Akademie d. Wissenschaften, 2018</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oi.uchicago.edu/gallery/asp_meso_isin/">Archaeological Site Photographs of Isin at Oriental Institute</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109220858/http://oi.uchicago.edu/gallery/asp_meso_isin/">Archived</a> 2013-11-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/23/international/worldspecial/23LOOT.html?ex=1082088000&en=1ff65d5ad70bd599&ei=5070&pagewanted=1">Iraqi Looters Tearing Up Archaeological Sites</a> Edmund L. Andrews. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, May 23, 2003.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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