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<span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amami_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amami_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Amami period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amami_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aji_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aji_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Aji period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aji_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naha_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naha_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Naha period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naha_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yamato_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yamato_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Yamato period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yamato_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>American period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_reversion_to_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_reversion_to_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>After reversion to Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_reversion_to_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amami Islands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami_adalar%C4%B1" title="Amami adaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amami adaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami_K%C3%BBn-t%C3%B3" title="Amami Kûn-tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Amami Kûn-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami_Shot%C5%8D" title="Amami Shotō – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amami Shotō" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami_(souostrov%C3%AD)" title="Amami (souostroví) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amami (souostroví)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvitsuwa_zve_Amami" title="Zvitsuwa zve Amami – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zvitsuwa zve Amami" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami-Inseln" title="Amami-Inseln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amami-Inseln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Amami" title="Islas Amami – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islas Amami" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amamioj" title="Amamioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amamioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="جزایر آمامی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزایر آمامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Amami" title="Îles Amami – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Îles Amami" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illas_Amami" title="Illas Amami – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illas Amami" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EB%AF%B8_%EA%B5%B0%EB%8F%84" title="아마미 군도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아마미 군도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Amami" title="Kepulauan Amami – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepulauan Amami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isole_Amami" title="Isole Amami – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isole Amami" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami_salos" title="Amami salos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amami salos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami-eilanden" title="Amami-eilanden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amami-eilanden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="奄美群島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="奄美群島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami%C3%B8yene" title="Amamiøyene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amamiøyene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhas_Amami" title="Ilhas Amami – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilhas Amami" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulele_Amami" title="Insulele Amami – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insulele Amami" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Амами (острова) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амами (острова)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami_Islands" title="Amami Islands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amami Islands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amamisaaret" title="Amamisaaret – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amamisaaret" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami%C3%B6arna" title="Amamiöarna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amamiöarna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4" title="หมู่เกาะอามามิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมู่เกาะอามามิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Amami Adaları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amami Adaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8)" title="Амамі (острови) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амамі (острови)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_Amami" title="Quần đảo Amami – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quần đảo Amami" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="奄美群岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奄美群岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="奄美群島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奄美群島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="奄美群島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奄美群島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q453510#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amami_Islands" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=28_16_N_129_21_E_type:isle_region:JP"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">129°21′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.267°N 129.350°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.267; 129.350</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Amami">Amami</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archipelago within the Ryukyu Islands</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Amami" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Amami_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Amami (disambiguation)">Amami (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Amami Islands</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-native">Native name: <div class="nickname"><span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奄美群島</span></span></span><br /><i>Amami-guntō</i></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amami_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Amami_beach.jpg/260px-Amami_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Amami_beach.jpg/390px-Amami_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Amami_beach.jpg/520px-Amami_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coast of Amami Oshima</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-overlays="["_6d8a10810cf4c51584e6970e84be86fed59f80d2"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Amami_Islands&revid=1260206096&groups=_6d8a10810cf4c51584e6970e84be86fed59f80d2" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Amami_Islands&revid=1260206096&groups=_6d8a10810cf4c51584e6970e84be86fed59f80d2 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=28_16_N_129_21_E_type:isle_region:JP"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">129°21′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.267°N 129.350°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.267; 129.350</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Adjacent to</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total islands</th><td class="infobox-data">8 (inhabited)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,240.28 km<sup>2</sup> (478.87 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">694 m (2277 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data">Yuwandake</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b>Japan</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefectures</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kagoshima</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">104,281 (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryukyuan people">Ryukyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryukyu_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ryukyu_map.jpg/250px-Ryukyu_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ryukyu_map.jpg/375px-Ryukyu_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Ryukyu_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Location of Amami Islands</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Amami Islands</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奄美群島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>Amami-guntō</i></i></span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-gunto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Satsunan_Islands" title="Satsunan Islands">Satsunan Islands</a>, which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a>, and is southwest of <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>. Administratively, the group belongs to <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Prefecture" title="Kagoshima Prefecture">Kagoshima Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan and the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Coast_Guard" title="Japan Coast Guard">Japan Coast Guard</a> agreed on February 15, 2010, to use the name of <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Amami-guntō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奄美群島</span></span>)</span> for the Amami Islands. Prior to that, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Amami-shotō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奄美諸島</span></span>)</span> was also used.<sup id="cite_ref-amami-std_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amami-std-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of Amami is probably cognate with <a href="/wiki/Amamikyu" title="Amamikyu">Amamikyu</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">阿摩美久</span></span>)</span>, the goddess of creation in the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion#Ryukyuan_creation_myth" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan creation myth</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Amami Islands are limestone islands of coralline origin and have a total area of approximately 1,240.28 square kilometres (478.87 sq mi), of which 308.3 square kilometres (119.0 sq mi) constitute the city (<i>-shi</i>) of Amami, and 931.9 square kilometres (359.8 sq mi) constitute the district (<i>-gun</i>) of Oshima. The highest elevation is <i>Yuwandake</i> with a height of 694 metres (2,277 ft) on <a href="/wiki/Amami_%C5%8Cshima" title="Amami Ōshima">Amami Ōshima</a>. The climate is a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Cfa</i>) with very warm summers and mild winters. Precipitation is high throughout the year, but is highest in the months of May, June and September. The area is subject to frequent <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoons</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population of the Amami Islands on 1 October 2020 was 104,281, of which 41,390 were in the city of Amami-<i>shi</i> and 62,891 were in the district of Oshima-<i>gun</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Amami_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Amami Islands">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amami_period">Amami period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Amami period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islanders started to produce <a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">earthenware</a> from 6,000 years ago, affected by the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>. Initially, the styles were similar to those of the main islands of Japan, but later, a style original to Amami, known as "Usuki Lower Style", was developed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among Japanese literature, mention of the islands first appeared in the late 7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i> contains an entry dated 657 referring to <i>Amami-shima</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">海見嶋</span></span>, "Amami Island")</span>, and to the <i>Amami-bito</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">阿麻弥人</span></span>, "Amami people")</span> in 682. The <i><a href="/wiki/Shoku_Nihongi" title="Shoku Nihongi">Shoku Nihongi</a></i> refers to <i>Amami</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">菴美</span></span>)</span> in 699 and <i>Amami</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奄美</span></span>)</span> in 714. All of these are believed to be identical to the current Amami. The tenth <i>kentō-shi</i> mission (Japanese <a href="/wiki/Imperial_embassies_to_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial embassies to China">Imperial embassies to China</a>) traveled to <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> China via Amami Ōshima. </p><p>Among locals, this prehistoric period is called the Amami period<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奄美世</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Aman'yu</i></span>)</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aji_period">Aji period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aji period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agriculture came to the islands around the 12th century, and the people shifted to farming from hunting. As on <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa Island</a>, this resulted in the development of a nobility class called the <i><a href="/wiki/Aji_(Ryukyu)" title="Aji (Ryukyu)">aji</a></i>, who resided in castles called <i><a href="/wiki/Gusuku" title="Gusuku">gusuku</a></i>. Famous <i>gusuku</i> included <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beru_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beru Castle (page does not exist)">Beru Castle</a> in Kasari, <a href="/wiki/Amami,_Kagoshima" title="Amami, Kagoshima">Amami</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yononushi_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yononushi Castle (page does not exist)">Yononushi Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wadomari,_Kagoshima" title="Wadomari, Kagoshima">Wadomari</a>. Stronger <i>aji</i> battled each other to expand their territories. Local folklore states that some <a href="/wiki/Taira_clan" title="Taira clan">Taira clan</a> members, having lost the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dan-no-ura" title="Battle of Dan-no-ura">Battle of Dan-no-ura</a> in 1185, fled to Amami Ōshima. The historical accuracy of this claim is unknown. </p><p>This <i>gusuku</i> period is sometimes called the <i>Aji</i> period<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">按司世</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ajin'yu</i></span>)</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naha_period">Naha period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Naha period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eventually the Amami <i>aji</i> were forced to pay tribute to stronger nations to retain autonomy. Ryukyuan records state that Amami <i>aji</i> paid tribute to <a href="/wiki/Eiso_(Ryukyu)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiso (Ryukyu)">Eiso</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABzan" title="Chūzan">Chūzan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sanzan_period" title="Sanzan period">Sanzan period</a> Okinawa. Okinoerabu and Yoron fell under <a href="/wiki/Hokuzan" title="Hokuzan">Hokuzan</a>'s control. However, since Okinawa itself was still rife with civil wars, it could not control the Northern Amami Islands. <i>Aji</i> from Tokuno and further north just paid tribute to Okinawan kingdoms, and continued to remain independent. After 1429, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Hashi" title="Shō Hashi">Shō Hashi</a> unified <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa Island</a>, founding the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu Kingdom</a>. During the 1430s and 1440s, Ryukyu expanded into the Amami Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-pacifism_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pacifism-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1450, Ryukyuan forces had reached deep into the <a href="/wiki/Tokara_Islands" title="Tokara Islands">Tokara Islands</a> and conquered all but <a href="/wiki/Kikai_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kikai Island">Kikai Island</a>, which was invaded in 1466.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Domain" title="Satsuma Domain">Satsuma Domain</a> of Japan attempted to invade Amami Ōshima in 1493, but Ryukyu defeated them.<sup id="cite_ref-pacifism_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pacifism-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 16th century, there were three rebellions on Amami Ōshima that Ryukyu put down: one in 1536, one in 1537, and one in 1571.<sup id="cite_ref-pacifism_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pacifism-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This period is called Naha period<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">那覇世</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nahan'yu</i></span>)</span>, after the <a href="/wiki/Naha,_Okinawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Naha, Okinawa">major port</a> of Ryukyu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yamato_period">Yamato period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Yamato period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amami-Gunto_-_DPLA_-_fae10dd15e97eac989faa9001bc068f7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Amami-Gunto_-_DPLA_-_fae10dd15e97eac989faa9001bc068f7.jpg/220px-Amami-Gunto_-_DPLA_-_fae10dd15e97eac989faa9001bc068f7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Amami-Gunto_-_DPLA_-_fae10dd15e97eac989faa9001bc068f7.jpg/330px-Amami-Gunto_-_DPLA_-_fae10dd15e97eac989faa9001bc068f7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Amami-Gunto_-_DPLA_-_fae10dd15e97eac989faa9001bc068f7.jpg/440px-Amami-Gunto_-_DPLA_-_fae10dd15e97eac989faa9001bc068f7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11392" data-file-height="9519" /></a><figcaption>United States <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> map of the islands from October 1944, depicting intelligence for a possible invasion</figcaption></figure> <p>Ryukyu's direct control lasted just over 170 years. Trade with <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> China, which flourished in the <a href="/wiki/Azuchi-Momoyama_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Azuchi-Momoyama period">Azuchi-Momoyama period</a>, led <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Tadatsune" title="Shimazu Tadatsune">Shimazu Tadatsune</a>, the ruler of Satsuma Domain in southern Kyushu, to invade the Ryukyu Kingdom in order to gain control of the shipping routes between Japan and China. In April 1609, Shimazu <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ryukyu" title="Invasion of Ryukyu">launched an invasion</a> of the Ryukyu Kingdom. They landed on Amami Ōshima, then Tokuno, Okinoerabu, and Okinawa itself. Satsuma met fierce resistance, but eventually defeated Ryukyu, by capturing the capital of <a href="/wiki/Shuri_Castle" title="Shuri Castle">Shuri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ryukyu ceded the Amami Islands to Satsuma Domain in 1611. Satsuma started to directly rule the islands from 1613, sending a <i><a href="/wiki/Daikan" title="Daikan">daikan</a></i> commissioner. However, it was still nominally treated as Ryukyuan territory, and bureaucrats from the kingdom were dispatched as well. Satsuma control over the islands was formally recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> in 1624. </p><p>At first, Satsuma's administration was a mild one, but as the financial deterioration of the domain became worse, the administration changed to one of exploitation. Satsuma imposed high taxes payable in sugar. This resulted in <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">monoculture</a>, which often resulted in severe famines. </p><p>During these times, the Amami people found their joys in local liquors made from sugarcanes, <i><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">awamori</a></i> bought from Ryukyu, and folk songs sung with <i><a href="/wiki/Sanshin" title="Sanshin">sanshin</a></i>. Their folk songs evolved into a style different from that of Ryukyu, and still remain as a part of their culture today. Under Satsuma's rule, <a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">names of Amami people</a> underwent a great change, and they are today known for many unique one-character surnames. </p><p>In 1871, after the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a>, the Amami Islands were incorporated into <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Csumi_Province" title="Ōsumi Province">Ōsumi Province</a>, and then into <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Prefecture" title="Kagoshima Prefecture">Kagoshima Prefecture</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, more than 20,000 Japanese soldiers were garrisoned in the Amami Islands, although the islands were never invaded, and experienced only small scale <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrikes</a>. </p><p>This period, until 1945, is called the <a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a> period<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大和世</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Yamatun'yu</i></span>)</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_period">American period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: American period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Amami_reversion_movement" title="Amami reversion movement">Amami reversion movement</a></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a>, the Amami Islands fell under direct American military control, with American documents referring to the Amami Islands as the "Northern Ryukyu Islands". The Japanese government believed this indicated an American intention to permanently separate the islands from Japan, and in response, stressed to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers">American occupation authorities</a> that the islands were an integral part of Kagoshima Prefecture. </p><p>In February 1946, the Amami Islands were officially separated from Japan. In October, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Government_of_the_Northern_Ryukyu_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provisional Government of the Northern Ryukyu Islands (page does not exist)">Provisional Government of the Northern Ryukyu Islands</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%81" class="extiw" title="ja:臨時北部南西諸島政庁">ja</a>]</span> was founded, formed by local leaders. It changed its name to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Gunto_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amami Gunto Government (page does not exist)">Amami Gunto Government</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6_(%E6%B2%96%E7%B8%84)" class="extiw" title="ja:群島 (沖縄)">ja</a>]</span> in 1950. However, under a democratic election, the local electorate chose a governor who pledged reversion to Japan (this also happened in other native governments of Ryukyu, namely those of Okinawa, <a href="/wiki/Miyakojima" class="mw-redirect" title="Miyakojima">Miyakojima</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yaeyama_Islands" title="Yaeyama Islands">Yaeyama</a>). The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_Administration_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands">United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands</a> (USCAR) was alarmed by this development, and reduced the power of native governments to that of a figurehead status. In 1952, USCAR founded another governmental body called the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="Government of the Ryukyu Islands">Government of the Ryukyu Islands</a>, in which "local leaders" were appointed by the American government. </p><p>Amami residents were dissatisfied with these controls by the U.S. Moreover, the Amami economy suffered from separation from the Japanese market. Public funds of the U.S. administration were mostly used for heavily damaged Okinawa and the military bases there. The Amami Islands Homeland Restoration Movement, which had started immediately after the separation, became stronger. The <a href="/wiki/Amami_Communist_Party" title="Amami Communist Party">Amami Communist Party</a>, formed in 1947, also favored reunification. Among locals over 14 years old, 99.8% of them signed in a bid toward reversion. Some municipalities and communities went on a <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a> after the example of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a> in 1952 put the Amami islands under trusteeship as part of the Ryukyu Islands. The U.S. returned the <a href="/wiki/Tokara_Islands" title="Tokara Islands">Tokara Islands</a> to Japan in February 1952, and the Amami Islands on December 25, 1953. The U.S. government called it "a <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> present to Japan". </p><p>This period is called the American period<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">アメリカ世</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Amerika-yo</i></span>)</span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_reversion_to_Japan">After reversion to Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: After reversion to Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the Amami Islands were returned to Japan in 1953, Okinawa remained under American control until 1972. Because of this, Amami people who worked in Okinawa suddenly became "foreigners", making their situations difficult. </p><p>The Japanese government promulgated the Amami Islands Promotion and Development Special Measures Law. However, the economic gap between the islands and the mainland still exists to this day. The law did help residents by improving the island's infrastructure. However, its bureaucratic system has been criticized as causing unnecessary destruction of nature.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2001, there was a small naval exchange between North Korea and Japan in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amami-%C5%8Cshima" title="Battle of Amami-Ōshima">Battle of Amami-Ōshima</a>, which resulted in a Japanese victory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islands">Islands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable">Photo</th> <th>Name</th> <th class="unsortable">Kanji</th> <th>Area<br />[km<sup>2</sup>]</th> <th>Population</th> <th>highest point<br />[m]</th> <th>Peak</th> <th>Coordinates </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amami_Oshima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Amami_Oshima.jpg/50px-Amami_Oshima.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Amami_Oshima.jpg/75px-Amami_Oshima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Amami_Oshima.jpg/100px-Amami_Oshima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amami_%C5%8Cshima" title="Amami Ōshima">Amami Ōshima</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奄美大島</span></span> </td> <td align="right">712.35 </td> <td align="right">73,000 </td> <td align="right">694 </td> <td>Yuwandake </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=28_19_35_N_129_22_29_E_type:isle&title=Amami+%C5%8Cshima"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°19′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">129°22′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.32639°N 129.37472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.32639; 129.37472</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Amami Ōshima</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kikaijima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Kikaijima.jpg/50px-Kikaijima.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Kikaijima.jpg/75px-Kikaijima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Kikaijima.jpg/100px-Kikaijima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="2680" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kikaijima" title="Kikaijima">Kikaijima</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">喜界島</span></span> </td> <td align="right">56.93 </td> <td align="right">7,657 </td> <td align="right">214.0 </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=29_19_01_N_129_56_22_E_type:isle&title=Kikaijima"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°19′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">129°56′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.31694°N 129.93944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.31694; 129.93944</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Kikaijima</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kakeroma_Island_ISS035.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kakeroma_Island_ISS035.jpg/50px-Kakeroma_Island_ISS035.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kakeroma_Island_ISS035.jpg/75px-Kakeroma_Island_ISS035.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kakeroma_Island_ISS035.jpg/100px-Kakeroma_Island_ISS035.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kakeromajima" title="Kakeromajima">Kakeromajima</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">加計呂麻島</span></span> </td> <td align="right">77.39 </td> <td align="right">1600 </td> <td align="right">314 </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=28_07_29_N_129_14_41_E_type:isle&title=Kakeromajima"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°07′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">129°14′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.12472°N 129.24472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.12472; 129.24472</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Kakeromajima</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoroshima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Yoroshima.jpg/50px-Yoroshima.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Yoroshima.jpg/75px-Yoroshima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Yoroshima.jpg/100px-Yoroshima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoroshima" title="Yoroshima">Yoroshima</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">与路島</span></span> </td> <td align="right">9.35 </td> <td align="right">140 </td> <td align="right">297 </td> <td>Okachiyama </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=28_02_39_N_129_09_50_E_type:isle&title=Mageshima"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°02′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">129°09′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.04417°N 129.16389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.04417; 129.16389</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Mageshima</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukejima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ukejima.jpg/50px-Ukejima.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ukejima.jpg/75px-Ukejima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ukejima.jpg/100px-Ukejima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukejima" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukejima">Ukejima</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">請島</span></span> </td> <td align="right">13.35 </td> <td align="right">200 </td> <td align="right">400 </td> <td>Ōyama </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=28_01_38_N_129_14_22_E_type:isle&title=Ukejima"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°01′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">129°14′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.02722°N 129.23944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.02722; 129.23944</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Ukejima</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokunoshima_zenkei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tokunoshima_zenkei.jpg/50px-Tokunoshima_zenkei.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tokunoshima_zenkei.jpg/75px-Tokunoshima_zenkei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tokunoshima_zenkei.jpg/100px-Tokunoshima_zenkei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokunoshima" title="Tokunoshima">Tokunoshima</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">徳之島</span></span> </td> <td align="right">247.77 </td> <td align="right">27,000 </td> <td align="right">645 </td> <td>Inokawadake </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=27_49_12_N_128_55_56_E_type:isle&title=Tokunoshima"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°49′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">128°55′56″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.82000°N 128.93222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.82000; 128.93222</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Tokunoshima</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amami_okinoerabu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Amami_okinoerabu.jpg/50px-Amami_okinoerabu.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Amami_okinoerabu.jpg/75px-Amami_okinoerabu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Amami_okinoerabu.jpg/100px-Amami_okinoerabu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Okinoerabujima" title="Okinoerabujima">Okinoerabujima</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">沖永良部島</span></span> </td> <td align="right">93.63 </td> <td align="right">15,000 </td> <td align="right">246.0 </td> <td>Ōyama </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=27_22_08_N_128_34_00_E_type:isle&title=Okinoerabujima"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°22′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">128°34′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.36889°N 128.56667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.36889; 128.56667</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Okinoerabujima</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoron_Island_20080622.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yoron_Island_20080622.jpg/50px-Yoron_Island_20080622.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yoron_Island_20080622.jpg/75px-Yoron_Island_20080622.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yoron_Island_20080622.jpg/100px-Yoron_Island_20080622.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="783" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoronjima" title="Yoronjima">Yoronjima</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">与論島</span></span> </td> <td align="right">20.8 </td> <td align="right">6,000 </td> <td align="right">98 </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amami_Islands&params=27_02_40_N_128_25_02_E_type:isle&title=Yoronjima"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°02′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">128°25′02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.04444°N 128.41722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.04444; 128.41722</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Yoronjima</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edateku-jima_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Edateku-jima_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg/50px-Edateku-jima_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Edateku-jima_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg/75px-Edateku-jima_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Edateku-jima_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg/100px-Edateku-jima_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4098" data-file-height="3073" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edateku_Island" title="Edateku Island">Edateku Island</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">枝手久島</span></span> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sukomo-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sukomo-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg/50px-Sukomo-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sukomo-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg/75px-Sukomo-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sukomo-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg/100px-Sukomo-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2151" data-file-height="1434" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukomobanare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukomobanare">Sukomobanare</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">須子茂離島</span></span> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eniyabanare_Island" title="Eniyabanare Island">Eniyabanare Island</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">江仁屋離島</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">eniyabanarejima</i></span> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yu-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Yu-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg/50px-Yu-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Yu-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg/75px-Yu-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Yu-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg/100px-Yu-Banare_Island_Aerial_photograph.2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1588" data-file-height="1058" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yubanare_Island" title="Yubanare Island">Yubanare Island</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">夕離島</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Yubanare</i></span> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiyama_Island" title="Kiyama Island">Kiyama Island</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">木山島</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kiyama jima</i></span> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="8"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>Map all coordinates in "Amami Islands" using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Amami+Islands">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Amami+Islands">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Amami+Islands">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Amami+Islands">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Amami+Islands">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a part of the Ryukyuan cultural sphere, Amami culture is closer to that of the other Ryukyu Islands than to that of mainland Japan. However, the islands' history is different from Okinawa as well. Okinawa, including the <a href="/wiki/Sakishima_Islands" title="Sakishima Islands">Sakishima Islands</a>, had strong cultural influences from China, whereas Amami was affected more by Japan. Because of this, the <a href="/wiki/Amami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Amami people">Amami people</a> themselves regard their culture as distinct from that of Okinawa. The Amami people treat the area between Kikai, Amami Ōshima, and Tokuno as part of their own cultural sphere. </p><p>On the other hand, islanders from Yoron, just 22 km away from Okinawa, have much closer cultural ties to Okinawa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Amami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amami language">Amami language</a></div> <p>Idiolects spoken in a large part of the Amami Islands are collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Amami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amami language">Amami language</a>. It is divided into several dialects: the Kikai dialect, North Amami dialect, South Amami dialect, and Tokunoshima dialect. Dialects spoken in the southern islands of Okinoerabu and Yoron are part of the <a href="/wiki/Kunigami_language" title="Kunigami language">Kunigami language</a> centered on Northern Okinawa Island. </p><p>These dialects and languages all belong to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ryukyuan_languages" title="Northern Ryukyuan languages">Northern Ryukyuan group</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan languages</a>. Although the Ryukyuan languages belong to the <a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic family</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, they are often not mutually intelligible between each other and Japanese. </p><p>Because of the education system put in place during the Meiji period, all Amami people today speak standard Japanese. However, the <i>de facto</i> common speech among Amami people under 60 is <a href="/wiki/Amami_Japanese" title="Amami Japanese">Amami Japanese</a>, a dialect of the Japanese language that uses an Amami accent and some words and phrases from the Amami language, locally referred to as <i>Ton-futsūgo</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">トン普通語</span></span>, lit. "Potato standard")</span>. The speech is different from <i>Uchinaa-Yamatuguchi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Okinawan_Japanese" title="Okinawan Japanese">Okinawan Japanese</a>), the Okinawan equivalent used in Okinawa. <i>Ton-futsūgo</i> is affected not only by standard Japanese, but also by the <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_dialect" title="Kagoshima dialect">Kagoshima dialect</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kansai_dialect" title="Kansai dialect">Kansai dialect</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local folk songs in Amami are called <a href="/wiki/Shima-uta" title="Shima-uta"><i>shima uta</i></a>. Although <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:島"><i>shima</i></a> means "island" in Japanese, it means "community" in Amami. Thus <i>shima uta</i> literally means "communities' songs". Singers of <i>shima uta</i> are called <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utasha (page does not exist)">utasha</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%84%E8%80%85" class="extiw" title="ja:唄者">ja</a>]</span></i> (lit. "singer"). Some <i>utasha</i> also sing <a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">pop songs</a> as well, examples include <a href="/wiki/Chitose_Hajime" title="Chitose Hajime">Chitose Hajime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kousuke_Atari" title="Kousuke Atari">Kousuke Atari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rikki_(Japanese_singer)" title="Rikki (Japanese singer)">Rikki</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Sato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Sato (page does not exist)">Anna Sato</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:里アンナ">ja</a>]</span>. Some believe that the word <i>shima uta</i> originally referred to Amami folk songs only, and is therefore now mistakenly used for Okinawan folk songs. The Japanese rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Boom" title="The Boom">The Boom</a>'s 1992 hit song called <i><a href="/wiki/Shima_Uta_(The_Boom_song)" title="Shima Uta (The Boom song)">Shima Uta</a></i>, which incorporated some Okinawan styles and thus causes confusion as to the precision of the term. Others argue the word was used for Okinawan folk songs as well even before 1992. </p><p>While <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_music" title="Okinawan music">Okinawan folk songs</a> use the <a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">pentatonic scale</a> of Ab, C, Db, Eb, G - that is, a <i>hemitonic</i> scale with intervals 2-0.5-1-2-0.5 (leading note) - Amami folk songs use the scale of C, D, E, G, A - an <a href="/wiki/Anhemitonic_scale" title="Anhemitonic scale"><i>anhemitonic</i> scale</a> with intervals 1-1-1.5-1-1.5 (the same as the Greek pentatonic scale). Singers use a <a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">falsetto</a> voice when singing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each community has multiple <a href="/wiki/Utaki" title="Utaki">utaki</a> shrines for the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">native religion</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">Shinto shrines</a> established by the Japanese government, whereas Buddhist temples are less common than in Japan. As in Okinawa, priestesses called <i><a href="/wiki/Noro_(priestess)" title="Noro (priestess)">noro</a></i> exist, and the people worship according to the native religious norms. </p><p>There are three Ryukyuan tomb styles: the house style, the turtle style, and the cave style. Most tombs in Amami use the house style, unlike in Okinawa where the turtle style is more prevalent. However, there are tombs called "Shiroma Tofuru" tombs, which were built 400 years ago, that use the turtle style. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Region">Region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The regional commercial center is the city of <a href="/wiki/Amami,_Kagoshima" title="Amami, Kagoshima">Amami</a> on <a href="/wiki/Amami_%C5%8Cshima" title="Amami Ōshima">Amami Ōshima</a>.</li> <li>There are no universities or colleges in the Amami Islands. From 2004, The Graduate School of Humanistic-Sociological Sciences of <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_University" title="Kagoshima University">Kagoshima University</a> started satellite schooling in the city of Amami.</li> <li>There are <a href="/wiki/Repeater" title="Repeater">repeaters</a> of <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> and <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>. Among <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> stations, only <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a>-FM has a repeater, but there is a local community FM station as well.</li> <li>There are two local newspapers in the Amami Islands, namely the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nankainichinichi_Shimbun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nankainichinichi Shimbun (page does not exist)">Nankainichinichi Shimbun</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%A5%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:南海日日新聞">ja</a>]</span></i> and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Cshima_Shinbun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ōshima Shinbun (page does not exist)">Ōshima Shinbun</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:大島新聞">ja</a>]</span></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_rabbit" title="Amami rabbit">Amami rabbit</a>, a rabbit endemic to Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amami_woodcock" title="Amami woodcock">Amami woodcock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gunto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gunto_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name <i>Amami-guntō</i> was standardized on February 15, 2010.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120731202454/http://www.gsi.go.jp/kihonjohochousa/kihonjohochousa60003.html">"『奄美群島』を決定地名に採用"</a>. Geospatial Information Agency of Japan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsi.go.jp/kihonjohochousa/kihonjohochousa60003.html">the original</a> on 31 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8E%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E3%80%8F%E3%82%92%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E3%81%AB%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8&rft.pub=Geospatial+Information+Agency+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsi.go.jp%2Fkihonjohochousa%2Fkihonjohochousa60003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmami+Islands" class="Z3988"></span> Prior to that, another name, <i>Amami shotō</i> (奄美諸島), was also used.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amami-std-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amami-std_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120731202454/http://www.gsi.go.jp/kihonjohochousa/kihonjohochousa60003.html">"『奄美群島』を決定地名に採用"</a>. Geospatial Information Agency of Japan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsi.go.jp/kihonjohochousa/kihonjohochousa60003.html">the original</a> on 31 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8E%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E3%80%8F%E3%82%92%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E3%81%AB%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8&rft.pub=Geospatial+Information+Agency+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsi.go.jp%2Fkihonjohochousa%2Fkihonjohochousa60003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmami+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.amami.lg.jp.e.it.hp.transer.com/bunka/kyoiku/bunka/kyodoshi/setsume.html">"History Overview of Amami"</a>. March 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Overview+of+Amami&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.amami.lg.jp.e.it.hp.transer.com%2Fbunka%2Fkyoiku%2Fbunka%2Fkyodoshi%2Fsetsume.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmami+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pacifism-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pacifism_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pacifism_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pacifism_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmits2010" class="citation news cs1">Smits, Gregory (September 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apjjf.org/-Gregory-Smits/3409/article.html">"Examining the Myth of Ryukyuan Pacifism"</a>. <i>The Asia-Pacific Journal</i>. p. 37-3-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Asia-Pacific+Journal&rft.atitle=Examining+the+Myth+of+Ryukyuan+Pacifism&rft.pages=37-3-10&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.aulast=Smits&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F-Gregory-Smits%2F3409%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmami+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull, Stephen. <i>The Samurai Capture a King: Okinawa 1609</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull, Stephen. <i>The Samurai Capture a King: Okinawa 1609</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009. 30-48.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGIA). <i>Prostar Sailing Directions 2005 Japan Enroute</i>. Prostar Publications (2005). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57785-651-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-57785-651-1">1-57785-651-1</a></li> <li>Eldridge, Mark. <i>The Return of the Amami Islands: The Reversion Movement and U.S.-Japan Relati</i>ons. Levington Books (2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7391-0710-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7391-0710-0">0-7391-0710-0</a></li> <li>Hellyer. Robert. Defining Engagement: Japan and Global Contexts, 1640-1868. Harvard University Press (2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-03577-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-03577-1">0-674-03577-1</a></li> <li>Turnbull, Stephen. <i>The Most Daring Raid of the Samurai</i>. Rosen Publishing Group (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4488-1872-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4488-1872-3">978-1-4488-1872-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Amami_Islands#Q453510" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Amami Islands">Amami Islands</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amami_Islands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amami Islands">Amami Islands</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amaminchu.com/">Amaminchu.com</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nankainn.com/">Nankainichinichi Shimbun</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simauta.net/">Central Gakki</a>, Amami folk song distributor</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npo-d.org/pc/">Amami FM</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://info-amami.net/">Info-Amami.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426152936/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=454">Amami Wordlist at the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Mint" title="Japan Mint">Japan Mint</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071107082213/http://www.mint.go.jp/eng/coin/topics01.html">Commemorative Silver Proof Coin of the 50th Anniversary of the Restoration of the Amami Islands to Japan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/255879447">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00630478">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10036958">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&oldid=1260206096">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amami_Islands&oldid=1260206096</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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