CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="UO3SI0xj6DUCsJEvodaq6lPkWdhkh2nhFtGlCtw4stIgWQuMAW90mO3zSW2FmS2-jGYyO4kqIl-z7ow-xq_Xgg" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="A guerra de conquista nos territórios dos índios Kaingang do Tibagi" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Lucio Tadeu Mota" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/26832270/A_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%C3%B3rios_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="A guerra de conquista nos territórios dos índios Kaingang do Tibagi" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Os territórios da bacia do rio Tibagi no Paraná foram ocupados, desde tempos imemoraveis, por populações indígenas, que sempre defenderam suas matas, seus campos e rios dos invasores. Pretendemos apresentar aqui a guerra de conquista movida contra" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/8711973/2888707/42980723/s200_lucio.tadeu_mota.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/26832270/A_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%C3%B3rios_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi" /> <meta property="og:title" content="A guerra de conquista nos territórios dos índios Kaingang do Tibagi" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Os territórios da bacia do rio Tibagi no Paraná foram ocupados, desde tempos imemoraveis, por populações indígenas, que sempre defenderam suas matas, seus campos e rios dos invasores. Pretendemos apresentar aqui a guerra de conquista movida contra" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://maringa.academia.edu/LucioTadeuMota" /> <meta name="description" content="Os territórios da bacia do rio Tibagi no Paraná foram ocupados, desde tempos imemoraveis, por populações indígenas, que sempre defenderam suas matas, seus campos e rios dos invasores. Pretendemos apresentar aqui a guerra de conquista movida contra" /> <title>(PDF) A guerra de conquista nos territórios dos índios Kaingang do Tibagi</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/26832270/A_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%C3%B3rios_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739826819000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739826819000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Os territórios da bacia do rio Tibagi no Paraná foram ocupados, desde tempos imemoraveis, por populações indígenas, que sempre defenderam suas matas, seus campos e rios dos invasores. Pretendemos apresentar aqui a guerra de conquista movida contra essas populações e seus territórios pelos brancos, europeus e nacionais, até o século XIX. Ela teve inicio já nas primeiras décadas do século XVI, em nome do \u0026amp;quot;Rei\u0026amp;quot; (Espanha e Portugal) e \u0026amp;quot;Deus\u0026amp;quot; (Reduções Jesuíticas), com as expedições portuguesas e espanholas cruzando a região em busca e metais, escravos, e de uma rota para o Paraguai e Peru. Acentuou-se nos seiscentos com a implantação das Reduções Jesuíticas no Guairá e com as bandeiras paulistas que invadiram a região capturando índios. Prosseguiu no século XVIII com a descoberta de ouro e diamantes no Tibagi e com as expedições militares que construíram fortificações e cruzaram o território rumo ao Mato Grosso. Recrudesceu no novecentos, em nome da \u0026amp;quot;Nação Brasileira\u0026amp;quot; que se fundava, com a ocupação da bacia oriental do Tibagi, e a partir da segunda metade do século, com a invasão dos campos do cacique Kaingang Inhoó, pelos grandes fazendeiros dos Campos Gerais paranaense na expansão de seus domínios","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Lucio Tadeu Mota","url":"https://maringa.academia.edu/LucioTadeuMota"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-07-08","dateModified":"2016-07-08","headline":"A guerra de conquista nos territórios dos índios Kaingang do Tibagi","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47104743/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"pt","keywords":["Ethnohistory","Antrophology","Índios Kaingang"],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"maringa"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47104743/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26832270/A_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%C3%B3rios_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 30px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 20px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 32px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 40px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 26px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 48px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 52px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 48px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 58px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 80px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 64px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 568px)and (max-width: 1279px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 104px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 1280px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 38px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 152px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}</style><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-f29774c14b4e629cbb4375c919ad1c2b2891ac825d0a410ea6339ae17e481a55.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-170d1319f0e354621e81ca17054bb147da2856ec0702fe440a99af314a6338c5.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-bfbac2a470372e2f3a6661a65fa7ff0a0fbf7aa32534d9a831d683d2a6f9e01b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-d1941ab08e91e29ee143084c4749da4aaffa350a2ac6eec2306b1d7a352d911a.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "fb9e5cf55843088661bc7b57273eaf0a72df7ac4a044339e0b9e9e1e837e64d0", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="QNMyjKxJJg3VanHKxej-v66QdoE8oaZtn_Gc72edmEUwZ-sj4UW6oDopqYjhp3nrcRIdYtEM7dM6zrXbfQr9FQ" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/26832270/A_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%C3%B3rios_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="jlPIiNgUEyXr5AdYV2VAb_gYZB5PuO8zy3XciJu4JPf-5xEnlRiPiASn3xpzKsc7J5oP_aIVpI1uSvW8gS9Bpw" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"login-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Log In</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</button><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-e5ca05062a7092a8f6f5af11f70589210af26f6a0030f102b0b21b22451b9d41.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 8711973; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F26832270%2FA_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%25C3%25B3rios_dos_%25C3%25ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F26832270%2FA_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%25C3%25B3rios_dos_%25C3%25ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":47104743,"identifier":"Attachment_47104743","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":26832270,"created_at":"2016-07-08T05:13:19.586-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-14T15:48:24.188-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Os territórios da bacia do rio Tibagi no Paraná foram ocupados, desde tempos imemoraveis, por populações indígenas, que sempre defenderam suas matas, seus campos e rios dos invasores. Pretendemos apresentar aqui a guerra de conquista movida contra essas populações e seus territórios pelos brancos, europeus e nacionais, até o século XIX. Ela teve inicio já nas primeiras décadas do século XVI, em nome do \"Rei\" (Espanha e Portugal) e \"Deus\" (Reduções Jesuíticas), com as expedições portuguesas e espanholas cruzando a região em busca e metais, escravos, e de uma rota para o Paraguai e Peru. Acentuou-se nos seiscentos com a implantação das Reduções Jesuíticas no Guairá e com as bandeiras paulistas que invadiram a região capturando índios. Prosseguiu no século XVIII com a descoberta de ouro e diamantes no Tibagi e com as expedições militares que construíram fortificações e cruzaram o território rumo ao Mato Grosso. Recrudesceu no novecentos, em nome da \"Nação Brasileira\" que se fundava, com a ocupação da bacia oriental do Tibagi, e a partir da segunda metade do século, com a invasão dos campos do cacique Kaingang Inhoó, pelos grandes fazendeiros dos Campos Gerais paranaense na expansão de seus domínios "},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"pt","title":"A guerra de conquista nos territórios dos índios Kaingang do Tibagi","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [8711973]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":47104743,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “A guerra de conquista nos territórios dos índios Kaingang do Tibagi”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/47104743/mini_magick20190207-20529-16djs6.png?1549596071" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">A guerra de conquista nos territórios dos índios Kaingang do Tibagi</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8711973" href="https://maringa.academia.edu/LucioTadeuMota"><img alt="Profile image of Lucio Tadeu Mota" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/8711973/2888707/42980723/s65_lucio.tadeu_mota.jpg" />Lucio Tadeu Mota</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">22 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 26832270; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=26832270"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Os territórios da bacia do rio Tibagi no Paraná foram ocupados, desde tempos imemoraveis, por populações indígenas, que sempre defenderam suas matas, seus campos e rios dos invasores. Pretendemos apresentar aqui a guerra de conquista movida contra essas populações e seus territórios pelos brancos, europeus e nacionais, até o século XIX. Ela teve inicio já nas primeiras décadas do século XVI, em nome do "Rei" (Espanha e Portugal) e "Deus" (Reduções Jesuíticas), com as expedições portuguesas e espanholas cruzando a região em busca e metais, escravos, e de uma rota para o Paraguai e Peru. Acentuou-se nos seiscentos com a implantação das Reduções Jesuíticas no Guairá e com as bandeiras paulistas que invadiram a região capturando índios. Prosseguiu no século XVIII com a descoberta de ouro e diamantes no Tibagi e com as expedições militares que construíram fortificações e cruzaram o território rumo ao Mato Grosso. Recrudesceu no novecentos, em nome da "Nação Brasileira" que se fundava, com a ocupação da bacia oriental do Tibagi, e a partir da segunda metade do século, com a invasão dos campos do cacique Kaingang Inhoó, pelos grandes fazendeiros dos Campos Gerais paranaense na expansão de seus domínios </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":47104743,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/26832270/A_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%C3%B3rios_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":47104743,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/26832270/A_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%C3%B3rios_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. If the signup banner trigger (a 242px-high* invisible div underneath the 'See Full PDF' / 'Download PDF' buttons) // is already fully scrolled above the viewport, show the banner by default // 2. If the signup banner trigger is fully visible, show the banner // 3. If the signup banner trigger has even a few pixels scrolled below the viewport, hide the banner // // * 242px is the empirically determined height of the signup banner. It's better to be a bit taller than // necessary than too short, so it's fine that the mobile (small breakpoint) banner is shorter. // First check session storage for the signup banner's visibility state const signupBannerHidden = sessionStorage.getItem('ds-signup-banner-hidden'); if (signupBannerHidden === 'true') { return; } const signupBanner = document.querySelector('.ds-signup-banner'); const signupBannerTrigger = document.querySelector('.ds-signup-banner-trigger'); if (!signupBannerTrigger) { window.Sentry.captureMessage("Signup banner trigger not found"); return; } let footerShown = false; window.addEventListener('load', () => { const rect = signupBannerTrigger.getBoundingClientRect(); // If page loaded up already scrolled below the trigger (via scroll restoration), show the banner by default if (rect.bottom < 0) { footerShown = true; signupBanner.classList.add('ds-signup-banner-visible'); } }); // Wait for trigger to fully enter viewport before showing banner (ensures PDF CTAs are never covered by banner) const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => { entries.forEach(entry => { if (entry.isIntersecting && !footerShown) { footerShown = true; signupBanner.classList.add('ds-signup-banner-visible'); } else if (!entry.isIntersecting && footerShown) { if (signupBannerTrigger.getBoundingClientRect().bottom > 0) { footerShown = false; signupBanner.classList.remove('ds-signup-banner-visible'); } } }); }); observer.observe(signupBannerTrigger); // Set up signup banner close button event handler: const signupBannerCloseButton = document.querySelector('#ds-signup-banner-close-button'); signupBannerCloseButton.addEventListener('click', () => { signupBanner.classList.remove('ds-signup-banner-visible'); observer.unobserve(signupBannerTrigger); // Store the signup banner's visibility state in session storage sessionStorage.setItem('ds-signup-banner-hidden', 'true'); }); })();</script></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="47104743" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/26832270/A_guerra_de_conquista_nos_territ%C3%B3rios_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_do_Tibagi" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="25438069" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25438069/As_guerras_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang">As guerras dos índios Kaingang</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8711973" href="https://maringa.academia.edu/LucioTadeuMota">Lucio Tadeu Mota</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Existe hoje no Paraná mais de vinte Terras Indígenas, ocupando as diversas regiões do estado desde o litoral até as margens do rio Paraná, abrigando uma população em torno de doze mil índios entre Kaingang, Xokleng, Guarani e Xetá. Esta evidente presença não foi registrada pela história regional, e o objetivo deste livro é mostrar como se construiu a idéia de que a região era “desabitada”, que essas terras eram “devolutas”, “estavam abandonadas”, como se construiu a idéia do mito do vazio demográfico. Ao lado dessa falácia, a sociedade envolvente apagou um dos sujeitos da história regional: os povos indígenas. Escrevendo a contrapelo da história oficial e oficiosa buscaremos resgatar a presença e a resistência indígena, tendo como marco suas relações interculturais com a sociedade envolvente. Abordaremos as formas de luta e resistência dentro da perspectiva histórica/antropológica que considera as ações das sociedades indígenas enquanto ações políticas, mesmo que assimétricas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"As guerras dos índios Kaingang","attachmentId":45754937,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25438069/As_guerras_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25438069/As_guerras_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="33595448" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33595448/Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_guerra_de_conquista_dos_territ%C3%B3rios_ind%C3%ADgenas_nos_vales_dos_rios_Tibag%C3%AD_Iva%C3%AD_e_Piquiri">Exploração e guerra de conquista dos territórios indígenas nos vales dos rios Tibagí, Ivaí e Piquiri</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2899692" href="https://maringa.academia.edu/L%C3%BAcioTadeuMota">Lúcio T Mota</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Nos séculos XVI, XVII, e XVIII a conquista dos territórios e populações indígenas era justificada em nome do “rei” (Espanha ou Portugal) e de “Deus” (reduções jesuíticas). Foi ao longo desse período que os conquistadores, além de escravizar enormes contingentes de populações indígenas, passaram a veicular os elementos básicos da sua cultura através dos padres jesuítas. No entanto, a análise das relações entre brancos e índios não pode ser dicotômica, simplesmente resumida a índios contra brancos. Devem ser considerados os grupos invasores e seus interesses localizados, bem com as etnias Guarani e os grupos Jê (Kaingang e Xokleng). No século XIX, a conquista ocorreu em nome da “nação brasileira” e a usurpação paulatina dos territórios indígenas foi justificada em nome da questão nacional e muitas vezes do perigo externo. No atual século, temos um novo componente justificando a destruição do que sobrou dos territórios indígenas no Paraná. Em nome do “progresso”, extensas áreas foram invadidas, desmatadas e transformadas em campos agrícolas, e agora, no final do século, as companhias de energia elétrica, também em nome do “progresso”, inundam e pretendem inundar extensas áreas do que sobrou das terras reservadas aos índios.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Exploração e guerra de conquista dos territórios indígenas nos vales dos rios Tibagí, Ivaí e Piquiri","attachmentId":53616178,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33595448/Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_guerra_de_conquista_dos_territ%C3%B3rios_ind%C3%ADgenas_nos_vales_dos_rios_Tibag%C3%AD_Iva%C3%AD_e_Piquiri","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33595448/Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_guerra_de_conquista_dos_territ%C3%B3rios_ind%C3%ADgenas_nos_vales_dos_rios_Tibag%C3%AD_Iva%C3%AD_e_Piquiri"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="95331456" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95331456/A_hist%C3%B3ria_dos_Kaingang_da_terra_ind%C3%ADgena_Linha_Gl%C3%B3ria_Estrela_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_Brasil_sentidos_de_sua_re_territorialidade">A história dos Kaingang da terra indígena Linha Glória, Estrela, Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil: sentidos de sua (re)territorialidade</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="187257440" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Lu%C3%ADsFernandoLaroque">Luís Fernando Laroque</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sociedade & Natureza, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">O presente trabalho versa sobre a história do grupo indígena Kaingang da Terra Indígena Linha Glória, localizada no município de Estrela, Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, no que se refere às suas movimentações pelo tradicional território Kaingang. Por meio deste estudo, temos a intenção de mostrar que este grupo, apesar de ter permanecido fora das terras indígenas tomadas como oficiais pelo Estado Nacional, onde residem muitos de seus parentes, continuou a vivenciar práticas culturais da tradição Kaingang. O objetivo do estudo é também demonstrar que esses indígenas têm sido agentes de sua própria historicidade, e os sentidos pelos quais envolvem sua territorialidade têm a ver com a cosmologia tradicional Kaingang, que se constitui numa verdadeira riqueza cultural e patrimonial para o Vale do Taquari.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A história dos Kaingang da terra indígena Linha Glória, Estrela, Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil: sentidos de sua (re)territorialidade","attachmentId":97542622,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95331456/A_hist%C3%B3ria_dos_Kaingang_da_terra_ind%C3%ADgena_Linha_Gl%C3%B3ria_Estrela_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_Brasil_sentidos_de_sua_re_territorialidade","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95331456/A_hist%C3%B3ria_dos_Kaingang_da_terra_ind%C3%ADgena_Linha_Gl%C3%B3ria_Estrela_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_Brasil_sentidos_de_sua_re_territorialidade"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="100358302" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100358302/Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_territ%C3%B3rio_Kaingang_da_Serrinha">Imigração e ocupação do território Kaingang da Serrinha</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="190661005" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoseRicardoDoNascimento">Jose Ricardo Do Nascimento</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ágora, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">O estudo da ocupacao e apropriacao dos territorios Kaingang da Serrinha pretende demonstrar o processo historico da luta destes indigenas para manter ou conquistar a posse da terra, bem como abordar a chegada dos colonos, descendentes de imigrantes e pequenos proprietarios, que ocuparam os territorios Kaingang, numa regiao especifica do Rio Grande do Sul, do inicio ate meados do seculo XX. Atualmente essa area abrange os municipios de Constantina, Engenho Velho, Ronda Alta e Tres Palmeira, ou seja, ao norte do estado. A problematica central foi a luta pela terra, principal razao da migracao e dos conflitos, pois, ao mesmo tempo, camponeses caboclos expulsos do campo e, principalmente, os filhos de imigrantes, buscaram novas terras ocupando as areas dos indigenas. A ocupacao dos colonos resultou na expulsao dos indigenas de seu territorio, estabelecendo uma situacao conflituosa e de rivalidade.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Imigração e ocupação do território Kaingang da Serrinha","attachmentId":101204442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100358302/Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_territ%C3%B3rio_Kaingang_da_Serrinha","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100358302/Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_territ%C3%B3rio_Kaingang_da_Serrinha"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="127334341" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127334341/Ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_apropria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_territ%C3%B3rio_Kaingang">Ocupação e apropriação do território Kaingang</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="177337354" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NASCIMENTOZECA">ZECA NASCIMENTO</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista Territórios e Fronteiras, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">O processo de ocupação dos territórios dos indígenas Kaingang, na maioria das regiões do Rio Grande do Sul, até meados do século XX, ocorreu pela intensificação da migração de descendentes de alemães e italianos instalados no estado. Na Serrinha, área que será analisada neste artigo, não foi diferente. Os kaingang lutaram para se manter ou reconquistar a posse de sua terra, mas o processo colonizador, orientado pelo poder público, os venceu.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ocupação e apropriação do território Kaingang","attachmentId":121081158,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127334341/Ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_apropria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_territ%C3%B3rio_Kaingang","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127334341/Ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_apropria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_territ%C3%B3rio_Kaingang"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="111934467" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111934467/Conquista_do_Paladar_os_Kaingang_e_os_Guarani_para_al%C3%A9m_das_cidadelas_crist%C3%A3s">Conquista do Paladar: os Kaingang e os Guarani para além das cidadelas cristãs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4443125" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/MartaAmoroso">Marta Amoroso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Estudios Latinoamericanos, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A documentação religiosa é tomada na presente discussão como via de acesso às formas que os Guarani e os Kaingang deram aos aldeamentos indígenas do Império no Paraná (1850-1889). Assim, a intenção inicial da análise se concentra em identificar em que termos a missão capuchinha autodefiniu sua prática entre os índios do Tibagi, programa associado aos mecanismos de conquista do paladar e mudança de hábitos das populações indígenas como forma de engajá-las nas frentes agrícolas, nos aldeamentos ou no mercado regional de trabalho. Tal cenário aparecerá, entretanto, como pano de fundo das experiências diferenciadas dos grupos Kaingag e dos grupos Guarani que orbitavam em torno dos aldeamentos do Império. Ob serva-se a dinâmica empreendida aos aldeamentos pelas populações indíge nas no próprio locus onde a missão capuchinha e o programa oficial de "Catequese e Civilização" elegeram para a operação de conversão: a indús tria dos índios. 1. V ersões anteriores deste trabalho foram apresentadas no Sem inário FUÑARTE: Brasil 500 anos. Experiência e. destino. Nação e região. (R io de janeiro e C am pos, RJ, 25 a 28 de outubro de 2 00 0) coordenado por Ribam ar B essa Freire e no XXIII Encontro Anual da A N PO C S, C axam bu, MG (19 a 23 de outubro de 1999), no Grupo de Trabalho "História e etnologia", coordenado por D om inique G allois e D enise Fajardo Grupione. A pesquisa sobre os aldeam entos indígenas no Império foi realizada no contexto de minha tese de doutorado (A m oroso, 1998b) orientada por M anuela Carneiro da Cunha e recebeu apoio da C A PE S e da FAPESP.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conquista do Paladar: os Kaingang e os Guarani para além das cidadelas cristãs","attachmentId":109322656,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111934467/Conquista_do_Paladar_os_Kaingang_e_os_Guarani_para_al%C3%A9m_das_cidadelas_crist%C3%A3s","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111934467/Conquista_do_Paladar_os_Kaingang_e_os_Guarani_para_al%C3%A9m_das_cidadelas_crist%C3%A3s"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="101171188" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101171188/Reflex%C3%B5es_sobre_o_aldear_o_caso_do_ind%C3%ADgena_Kaingang_de_Santa_Isabel_diante_a_conquista_da_regi%C3%A3o_do_planalto_rio_grandense_1858_1867_">Reflexões sobre o aldear : o caso do indígena Kaingang de Santa Isabel diante a conquista da região do planalto rio-grandense (1858-1867)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="406350" href="https://ifrs.academia.edu/MarceloVianna">Marcelo Vianna</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">23 A h d a ç ã o do Instituto Histórico e Geogrhíico do Brasil, criado em 1838. está iiitimainente ligada ao papel da centralização política que a monarquia almeja no país: "Para o progresso de consolidação da Monarquia coiistitiicional e do Estado centralizado, vislumbrando por parte dos políticos comprometidos, era necessária u n a ordern que se contrapusesse ao caos reinante nas Repúblicas vizinhas. Portanto, aio havia nada de estranho no fato de que o IHGB se constituísse na instituição legítima para uni projeto de escrita da lustória do Brasil, trazendo a tona o verdadeiro caráter na nação brasileira. Esse projeto era, então, legitimado pela elite ilustrada imperial, contribuindo para a Iiomogeiieização do caráter nacional." DIEHL, Astor Antônio.. A</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reflexões sobre o aldear : o caso do indígena Kaingang de Santa Isabel diante a conquista da região do planalto rio-grandense (1858-1867)","attachmentId":101785285,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101171188/Reflex%C3%B5es_sobre_o_aldear_o_caso_do_ind%C3%ADgena_Kaingang_de_Santa_Isabel_diante_a_conquista_da_regi%C3%A3o_do_planalto_rio_grandense_1858_1867_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101171188/Reflex%C3%B5es_sobre_o_aldear_o_caso_do_ind%C3%ADgena_Kaingang_de_Santa_Isabel_diante_a_conquista_da_regi%C3%A3o_do_planalto_rio_grandense_1858_1867_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="74408018" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74408018/A_hist%C3%B3ria_dos_Kaing%C3%A1ng_da_bacia_do_Tibagi_uma_sociedade_J%C3%AA_meridional_em_movimento">A história dos Kaingáng da bacia do Tibagi: uma sociedade Jê meridional em movimento</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="580038" href="https://independent.academia.edu/kimiyetommasino">kimiye tommasino</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A história dos Kaingáng da bacia do Tibagi: uma sociedade Jê meridional em movimento","attachmentId":82571935,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74408018/A_hist%C3%B3ria_dos_Kaing%C3%A1ng_da_bacia_do_Tibagi_uma_sociedade_J%C3%AA_meridional_em_movimento","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74408018/A_hist%C3%B3ria_dos_Kaing%C3%A1ng_da_bacia_do_Tibagi_uma_sociedade_J%C3%AA_meridional_em_movimento"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="48621800" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48621800/As_guerras_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_A_Hist%C3%B3ria_%C3%A9pica_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_no_Paran%C3%A1_1769_1924_MOTA_L%C3%BAcio_Tadeu">As guerras dos índios Kaingang. A História épica dos índios Kaingang no Paraná (1769-1924). MOTA, Lúcio Tadeu</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="153230065" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoNoelli">Francisco Noelli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista de História Regional, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"As guerras dos índios Kaingang. A História épica dos índios Kaingang no Paraná (1769-1924). MOTA, Lúcio Tadeu","attachmentId":67138308,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48621800/As_guerras_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_A_Hist%C3%B3ria_%C3%A9pica_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_no_Paran%C3%A1_1769_1924_MOTA_L%C3%BAcio_Tadeu","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48621800/As_guerras_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_A_Hist%C3%B3ria_%C3%A9pica_dos_%C3%ADndios_Kaingang_no_Paran%C3%A1_1769_1924_MOTA_L%C3%BAcio_Tadeu"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="15362765" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15362765/As_popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es_ind%C3%ADgenas_Kaiow%C3%A1_Kaingang_e_as_popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es_brasileiras_na_bacia_dos_rios_Paranapanema_Tibagi_no_s%C3%A9culo_XIX_conquista_e_rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_interculturais">As populações indígenas Kaiowá, Kaingang e as populações brasileiras na bacia dos rios Paranapanema/ Tibagi no século XIX: conquista e relações interculturais.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2899692" href="https://maringa.academia.edu/L%C3%BAcioTadeuMota">Lúcio T Mota</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract: The Indigenous people Kaiowá and Kaingang, that occupied the basins of the rivers Paranapanema/Tibagí sustained, with several types of actions, their presence in their territories. The historical events happened in the area in the century XIX, they are marked by political actions developed by those populations. Those actions crossed the simple collision dichotomic, Indian versus white, and they reveal us complex formulations and strategies used by the social actors in the conquest of their objectives. In this perspective we will present the history of the presence o Kaiowá and Kaingang, here in the rivers Paranapanema and Tibagi, as well as the strategies and political actions of those populations to conquer, maintain or to reconquer their old territories. Resumo: Os povos indígenas Kaiowá e Kaingang que ocuparam as bacias dos rios Paranapanema/Tibagi, sustentaram, com diversos tipos de ações, suas presenças nos seus antigos territórios. Os acontecimentos históricos ocorridos na região no século XIX estão marcados por ações políticas desenvolvidas por essas populações. Essas ações ultrapassaram o simples embate dicotômico índios versus brancos, e nos revelam complexas formulações e estratégias utilizadas pelos diversos sujeitos na conquista de seus objetivos. Nesta perspectiva apresentaremos aqui a história da presença dos Kaiowá e Kaingang nos rios Paranapanema e Tibagi, bem como as estratégias e ações políticas dessas populações para conquistar, manter ou reconquistar seus antigos territórios.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"As populações indígenas Kaiowá, Kaingang e as populações brasileiras na bacia dos rios Paranapanema/ Tibagi no século XIX: conquista e relações interculturais.","attachmentId":38656465,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15362765/As_popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es_ind%C3%ADgenas_Kaiow%C3%A1_Kaingang_e_as_popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es_brasileiras_na_bacia_dos_rios_Paranapanema_Tibagi_no_s%C3%A9culo_XIX_conquista_e_rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_interculturais","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15362765/As_popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es_ind%C3%ADgenas_Kaiow%C3%A1_Kaingang_e_as_popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es_brasileiras_na_bacia_dos_rios_Paranapanema_Tibagi_no_s%C3%A9culo_XIX_conquista_e_rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_interculturais"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47104743,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47104743,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_47104743" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="29729949" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29729949/TERRIT%C3%93RIO_KAINGANG_A_conquista_do_norte_noroeste_rio_grandense_pelo_Estado_na%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Notas_para_conhecer_um_etnic%C3%ADdio">TERRITÓRIO KAINGANG: A conquista do norte-noroeste rio-grandense pelo Estado-nação. Notas para conhecer um etnicídio</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54096198" href="https://filmow.academia.edu/TauGolin">Tau Golin</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"TERRITÓRIO KAINGANG: A conquista do norte-noroeste rio-grandense pelo Estado-nação. Notas para conhecer um etnicídio","attachmentId":50185393,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29729949/TERRIT%C3%93RIO_KAINGANG_A_conquista_do_norte_noroeste_rio_grandense_pelo_Estado_na%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Notas_para_conhecer_um_etnic%C3%ADdio","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29729949/TERRIT%C3%93RIO_KAINGANG_A_conquista_do_norte_noroeste_rio_grandense_pelo_Estado_na%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Notas_para_conhecer_um_etnic%C3%ADdio"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="70878165" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70878165/Breve_perspectiva_historiogr%C3%A1fica_sobre_a_ancestralidade_da_etnia_ind%C3%ADgena_Kaingang">Breve perspectiva historiográfica sobre a ancestralidade da etnia indígena Kaingang</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4059019" href="https://coimbra.academia.edu/SPJRodrigues">Sérgio Rodrigues</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista Cadernos do Ceom</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Breve perspectiva historiográfica sobre a ancestralidade da etnia indígena Kaingang","attachmentId":80443669,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70878165/Breve_perspectiva_historiogr%C3%A1fica_sobre_a_ancestralidade_da_etnia_ind%C3%ADgena_Kaingang","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70878165/Breve_perspectiva_historiogr%C3%A1fica_sobre_a_ancestralidade_da_etnia_ind%C3%ADgena_Kaingang"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="76139456" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76139456/Os_Kaingang_e_a_coloniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_alem%C3%A3_e_italiana_no_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_S%C3%A9culos_XIX_e_XX_">Os Kaingang e a colonização alemã e italiana no Rio Grande do Sul (Séculos XIX e XX)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17143345" href="https://ufma.academia.edu/SoraiaSalesDornelles">Soraia Sales Dornelles</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">CRV, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Os Kaingang e a colonização alemã e italiana no Rio Grande do Sul (Séculos XIX e XX)","attachmentId":83806226,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76139456/Os_Kaingang_e_a_coloniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_alem%C3%A3_e_italiana_no_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_S%C3%A9culos_XIX_e_XX_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76139456/Os_Kaingang_e_a_coloniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_alem%C3%A3_e_italiana_no_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_S%C3%A9culos_XIX_e_XX_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="66932854" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66932854/Entre_capuchinhos_colonos_e_coron%C3%A9is_os_Kaingang_e_a_demarca%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Toldo_do_Fachinal_Norte_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_1910_1918_">Entre capuchinhos, colonos e coronéis: os Kaingang e a demarcação do Toldo do Fachinal – Norte do Rio Grande do Sul (1910-1918)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46262174" href="https://filmow.academia.edu/AlexAnt%C3%B4nioVanin">Alex Antônio Vanin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cadernos do NAUI, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Entre capuchinhos, colonos e coronéis: os Kaingang e a demarcação do Toldo do Fachinal – Norte do Rio Grande do Sul (1910-1918)","attachmentId":77941078,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66932854/Entre_capuchinhos_colonos_e_coron%C3%A9is_os_Kaingang_e_a_demarca%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Toldo_do_Fachinal_Norte_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_1910_1918_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66932854/Entre_capuchinhos_colonos_e_coron%C3%A9is_os_Kaingang_e_a_demarca%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Toldo_do_Fachinal_Norte_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_1910_1918_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="62386761" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62386761/%C3%8Dndios_milicianos_e_colonos_no_sul_do_Brasil_lideran%C3%A7as_ind%C3%ADgenas_e_o_aldeamento_de_atalaia_na_ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_territ%C3%B3rios_Kaingang_nos_campos_de_Guarapuava_1810_1825_">Índios, milicianos e colonos no sul do Brasil: lideranças indígenas e o aldeamento de atalaia na ocupação dos territórios Kaingang nos campos de Guarapuava (1810-1825)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="442753" href="https://uffs.academia.edu/JaissonLino">Jaisson Teixeira Lino</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">História (São Paulo), 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Índios, milicianos e colonos no sul do Brasil: lideranças indígenas e o aldeamento de atalaia na ocupação dos territórios Kaingang nos campos de Guarapuava (1810-1825)","attachmentId":75169282,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62386761/%C3%8Dndios_milicianos_e_colonos_no_sul_do_Brasil_lideran%C3%A7as_ind%C3%ADgenas_e_o_aldeamento_de_atalaia_na_ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_territ%C3%B3rios_Kaingang_nos_campos_de_Guarapuava_1810_1825_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62386761/%C3%8Dndios_milicianos_e_colonos_no_sul_do_Brasil_lideran%C3%A7as_ind%C3%ADgenas_e_o_aldeamento_de_atalaia_na_ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_territ%C3%B3rios_Kaingang_nos_campos_de_Guarapuava_1810_1825_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="44107244" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44107244/Povos_Ind%C3%ADgenas_e_Ditaduras_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_Nacional_no_Cone_Sul_o_caso_dos_Kaingang_no_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_1963_1988_">Povos Indígenas e Ditaduras de Segurança Nacional no Cone Sul: o caso dos Kaingang no Rio Grande do Sul (1963-1988)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12847993" href="https://pusan.academia.edu/AmandaGabrielaRochaOliveira">Amanda Gabriela Rocha Oliveira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dissertação de Mestrado - Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Povos Indígenas e Ditaduras de Segurança Nacional no Cone Sul: o caso dos Kaingang no Rio Grande do Sul (1963-1988)","attachmentId":64454909,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44107244/Povos_Ind%C3%ADgenas_e_Ditaduras_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_Nacional_no_Cone_Sul_o_caso_dos_Kaingang_no_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_1963_1988_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44107244/Povos_Ind%C3%ADgenas_e_Ditaduras_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_Nacional_no_Cone_Sul_o_caso_dos_Kaingang_no_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_1963_1988_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="59002190" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59002190/Assalariamento_na_Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Mangueirinha_estrat%C3%A9gias_Guarani_e_Kaingang">Assalariamento na Terra Indígena Mangueirinha: estratégias Guarani e Kaingang</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44175185" href="https://utfpr-br.academia.edu/httplattescnpqbr1753564667000107">Miguel A Perondi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Interações (Campo Grande)</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assalariamento na Terra Indígena Mangueirinha: estratégias Guarani e Kaingang","attachmentId":73140994,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59002190/Assalariamento_na_Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Mangueirinha_estrat%C3%A9gias_Guarani_e_Kaingang","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59002190/Assalariamento_na_Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Mangueirinha_estrat%C3%A9gias_Guarani_e_Kaingang"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="97640628" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97640628/Viola%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_direitos_ind%C3%ADgenas_e_protagonismo_Kaingang_nos_postos_ind%C3%ADgenas_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_1963_1985_">Violações de direitos indígenas e protagonismo Kaingang nos postos indígenas do Rio Grande do Sul (1963-1985)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="96517476" href="https://unisinos.academia.edu/AndressadeRodriguesFlores">Andressa de Rodrigues Flores</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Violações de direitos indígenas e protagonismo Kaingang nos postos indígenas do Rio Grande do Sul (1963-1985)","attachmentId":99207384,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97640628/Viola%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_direitos_ind%C3%ADgenas_e_protagonismo_Kaingang_nos_postos_ind%C3%ADgenas_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_1963_1985_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97640628/Viola%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_direitos_ind%C3%ADgenas_e_protagonismo_Kaingang_nos_postos_ind%C3%ADgenas_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_1963_1985_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="55450254" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55450254/Remo%C3%A7%C3%B5es_e_lutas_dos_Kaingang_no_Norte_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_a_emancipa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_pol%C3%ADtica_ind%C3%ADgena_compreendida_a_partir_da_teoria_do_reconhecimento">Remoções e lutas dos Kaingang no Norte do Rio Grande do Sul: a emancipação política indígena compreendida a partir da teoria do reconhecimento</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54232195" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeresSam">Sam Peres</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mediações - Revista de Ciências Sociais, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Remoções e lutas dos Kaingang no Norte do Rio Grande do Sul: a emancipação política indígena compreendida a partir da teoria do reconhecimento","attachmentId":71313978,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55450254/Remo%C3%A7%C3%B5es_e_lutas_dos_Kaingang_no_Norte_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_a_emancipa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_pol%C3%ADtica_ind%C3%ADgena_compreendida_a_partir_da_teoria_do_reconhecimento","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55450254/Remo%C3%A7%C3%B5es_e_lutas_dos_Kaingang_no_Norte_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_a_emancipa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_pol%C3%ADtica_ind%C3%ADgena_compreendida_a_partir_da_teoria_do_reconhecimento"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="76033383" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76033383/A_Pr%C3%A1xis_Xam%C3%A2nica_Kaingang_Na_Modernidade_Colonialidade_Uma_Pol%C3%ADtica_Da_Floresta">A Práxis Xamânica Kaingang Na Modernidade/Colonialidade: Uma Política Da Floresta</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="77018058" href="https://ufrgs.academia.edu/Cl%C3%A9mentineMar%C3%A9chal">Clémentine Maréchal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Práxis Xamânica Kaingang Na Modernidade/Colonialidade: Uma Política Da Floresta","attachmentId":83716583,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76033383/A_Pr%C3%A1xis_Xam%C3%A2nica_Kaingang_Na_Modernidade_Colonialidade_Uma_Pol%C3%ADtica_Da_Floresta","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76033383/A_Pr%C3%A1xis_Xam%C3%A2nica_Kaingang_Na_Modernidade_Colonialidade_Uma_Pol%C3%ADtica_Da_Floresta"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="23925971" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23925971/Territ%C3%B3rios_e_Territorialidades_Kaingang_A_Reinven%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Espa%C3%A7os_e_das_Formas_de_Sobreviv%C3%AAncia_Ap%C3%B3s_a_Conquista">Territórios e Territorialidades Kaingang: A Reinvenção dos Espaços e das Formas de Sobrevivência Após a Conquista</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="580038" href="https://independent.academia.edu/kimiyetommasino">kimiye tommasino</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mediações - Revista de Ciências Sociais, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Territórios e Territorialidades Kaingang: A Reinvenção dos Espaços e das Formas de Sobrevivência Após a Conquista","attachmentId":44312173,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23925971/Territ%C3%B3rios_e_Territorialidades_Kaingang_A_Reinven%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Espa%C3%A7os_e_das_Formas_de_Sobreviv%C3%AAncia_Ap%C3%B3s_a_Conquista","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23925971/Territ%C3%B3rios_e_Territorialidades_Kaingang_A_Reinven%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Espa%C3%A7os_e_das_Formas_de_Sobreviv%C3%AAncia_Ap%C3%B3s_a_Conquista"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="74823223" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74823223/Deixando_de_ser_fronteira_Territ%C3%B3rio_popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_conflito_na_conquista_e_coloniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Guarapiranga">Deixando de ser fronteira: Território, população e conflito na conquista e colonização de Guarapiranga</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24618441" href="https://ufop.academia.edu/MarcoAntonioSilveira">Marco Antonio Silveira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Varia Historia</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deixando de ser fronteira: Território, população e conflito na conquista e colonização de Guarapiranga","attachmentId":82836418,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74823223/Deixando_de_ser_fronteira_Territ%C3%B3rio_popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_conflito_na_conquista_e_coloniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Guarapiranga","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74823223/Deixando_de_ser_fronteira_Territ%C3%B3rio_popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_conflito_na_conquista_e_coloniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Guarapiranga"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="109449656" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109449656/Etnologia_Dos_Kaingang_e_Seus_Territ%C3%B3rios_No_Estado_Do_Paran%C3%A1">Etnologia Dos Kaingang e Seus Territórios No Estado Do Paraná</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55352992" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/FernandadaRochaBrando">Fernanda da Rocha Brando</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Guaju, 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Etnologia Dos Kaingang e Seus Territórios No Estado Do Paraná","attachmentId":107571606,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109449656/Etnologia_Dos_Kaingang_e_Seus_Territ%C3%B3rios_No_Estado_Do_Paran%C3%A1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109449656/Etnologia_Dos_Kaingang_e_Seus_Territ%C3%B3rios_No_Estado_Do_Paran%C3%A1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="84547844" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84547844/Desiguais_e_combinados_%C3%ADndios_e_brancos_no_vale_do_Rio_Tibagi_PR_na_primeira_metade_do_s%C3%A9culo_XX">Desiguais e combinados: índios e brancos no vale do Rio Tibagi – PR na primeira metade do século XX</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49005607" href="https://maringa.academia.edu/RosangelaCeliaFaustino">Rosangela Celia Faustino</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">CAMPOS - Revista de Antropologia Social, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Desiguais e combinados: índios e brancos no vale do Rio Tibagi – PR na primeira metade do século XX","attachmentId":89532266,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84547844/Desiguais_e_combinados_%C3%ADndios_e_brancos_no_vale_do_Rio_Tibagi_PR_na_primeira_metade_do_s%C3%A9culo_XX","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84547844/Desiguais_e_combinados_%C3%ADndios_e_brancos_no_vale_do_Rio_Tibagi_PR_na_primeira_metade_do_s%C3%A9culo_XX"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="41404506" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41404506/Os_Kaingang_de_C%C3%A2ndido_de_Abreu_Pr%C3%A1ticas_materiais_e_simb%C3%B3licas_tradicionais_e_rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_com_o_territ%C3%B3rio">Os Kaingang de Cândido de Abreu: Práticas (materiais e simbólicas) tradicionais e relação com o território</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33577657" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulianoStrachulski">Juliano Strachulski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">GeoTextos, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Os Kaingang de Cândido de Abreu: Práticas (materiais e simbólicas) tradicionais e relação com o território","attachmentId":61592136,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41404506/Os_Kaingang_de_C%C3%A2ndido_de_Abreu_Pr%C3%A1ticas_materiais_e_simb%C3%B3licas_tradicionais_e_rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_com_o_territ%C3%B3rio","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41404506/Os_Kaingang_de_C%C3%A2ndido_de_Abreu_Pr%C3%A1ticas_materiais_e_simb%C3%B3licas_tradicionais_e_rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_com_o_territ%C3%B3rio"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="43799316" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43799316/Festas_P%C3%BAblicas_e_Processo_Colonizador_as_Festas_de_Comemora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Conquista_do_Tibagi_na_Segunda_Metade_do_S%C3%A9culo_XVIII">Festas Públicas e Processo Colonizador: as Festas de Comemoração da Conquista do Tibagi na Segunda Metade do Século XVIII</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1261883" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/iriskantor">iris kantor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Politeia Historia E Sociedade, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Festas Públicas e Processo Colonizador: as Festas de Comemoração da Conquista do Tibagi na Segunda Metade do Século XVIII","attachmentId":93890047,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43799316/Festas_P%C3%BAblicas_e_Processo_Colonizador_as_Festas_de_Comemora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Conquista_do_Tibagi_na_Segunda_Metade_do_S%C3%A9culo_XVIII","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43799316/Festas_P%C3%BAblicas_e_Processo_Colonizador_as_Festas_de_Comemora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Conquista_do_Tibagi_na_Segunda_Metade_do_S%C3%A9culo_XVIII"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="68176831" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68176831/Compreens%C3%A3o_cultural_ind%C3%ADgena_Kaingang_como_proposta_educacional_para_fortalecer_a_luta_pela_terra">Compreensão cultural indígena Kaingang como proposta educacional para fortalecer a luta pela terra</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="147507635" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarlaBlumVestena">Carla Blum Vestena</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Compreensão cultural indígena Kaingang como proposta educacional para fortalecer a luta pela terra","attachmentId":78746036,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68176831/Compreens%C3%A3o_cultural_ind%C3%ADgena_Kaingang_como_proposta_educacional_para_fortalecer_a_luta_pela_terra","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68176831/Compreens%C3%A3o_cultural_ind%C3%ADgena_Kaingang_como_proposta_educacional_para_fortalecer_a_luta_pela_terra"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="109451327" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109451327/Ind%C3%ADgenas_na_cidade_uma_an%C3%A1lise_hist%C3%B3rica_e_etnogr%C3%A1fica_da_presen%C3%A7a_Kaigang_em_Curitiba">Indígenas na cidade : uma análise histórica e etnográfica da presença Kaigang em Curitiba</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38853029" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PedroFortes2">Pedro Fortes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tese de doutorado , 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Indígenas na cidade : uma análise histórica e etnográfica da presença Kaigang em Curitiba","attachmentId":107572913,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109451327/Ind%C3%ADgenas_na_cidade_uma_an%C3%A1lise_hist%C3%B3rica_e_etnogr%C3%A1fica_da_presen%C3%A7a_Kaigang_em_Curitiba","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109451327/Ind%C3%ADgenas_na_cidade_uma_an%C3%A1lise_hist%C3%B3rica_e_etnogr%C3%A1fica_da_presen%C3%A7a_Kaigang_em_Curitiba"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="87215695" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87215695/Processos_de_territorialidade_Kaingang_envolvendo_a_Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Jam%C3%A3_T%C3%BF_T%C3%A3nh_Estrela_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_Brasil">Processos de territorialidade Kaingang envolvendo a Terra Indígena Jamã Tÿ Tãnh, Estrela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="187257440" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Lu%C3%ADsFernandoLaroque">Luís Fernando Laroque</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tellus, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Processos de territorialidade Kaingang envolvendo a Terra Indígena Jamã Tÿ Tãnh, Estrela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil","attachmentId":91488226,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87215695/Processos_de_territorialidade_Kaingang_envolvendo_a_Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Jam%C3%A3_T%C3%BF_T%C3%A3nh_Estrela_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_Brasil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87215695/Processos_de_territorialidade_Kaingang_envolvendo_a_Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Jam%C3%A3_T%C3%BF_T%C3%A3nh_Estrela_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_Brasil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="85772880" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85772880/Servi%C3%A7o_De_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Aos_%C3%8Dndios_Na_Hist%C3%B3ria_Da_Escolariza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Do_Povo_Kaingang_1940_1967_">Serviço De Proteção Aos Índios Na História Da Escolarização Do Povo Kaingang (1940-1967)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="73370025" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulianaMedeiros41">Juliana Schneider Medeiros</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista Latino-Americana de História- UNISINOS, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Serviço De Proteção Aos Índios Na História Da Escolarização Do Povo Kaingang (1940-1967)","attachmentId":90371832,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85772880/Servi%C3%A7o_De_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Aos_%C3%8Dndios_Na_Hist%C3%B3ria_Da_Escolariza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Do_Povo_Kaingang_1940_1967_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85772880/Servi%C3%A7o_De_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Aos_%C3%8Dndios_Na_Hist%C3%B3ria_Da_Escolariza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Do_Povo_Kaingang_1940_1967_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="98624078" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98624078/O_conflito_agr%C3%A1rio_na_demarca%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_terras_ind%C3%ADgenas_dos_Enawen%C3%AA_Naw%C3%AA">O conflito agrário na demarcação das terras indígenas dos Enawenê Nawê</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="771303" href="https://ufmt.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9Chormiak">André Chormiak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"O conflito agrário na demarcação das terras indígenas dos Enawenê Nawê","attachmentId":99923618,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98624078/O_conflito_agr%C3%A1rio_na_demarca%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_terras_ind%C3%ADgenas_dos_Enawen%C3%AA_Naw%C3%AA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98624078/O_conflito_agr%C3%A1rio_na_demarca%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_terras_ind%C3%ADgenas_dos_Enawen%C3%AA_Naw%C3%AA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="139" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory">Ethnohistory</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="265242" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antrophology">Antrophology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="2470836" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%8Dndios_Kaingang">Índios Kaingang</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div> </body> </html>