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class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div><figure class="article-span-photo"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2023/12/21/well/WELLNL-WHAT-WE-LEARNED/WELLNL-WHAT-WE-LEARNED-master1050.jpg" width="1050" height="700" alt=""><figcaption><span></span> <cite>Illustration by Ricardo Santos; Photographs by Getty Images</cite></figcaption></figure><div class="row"><div class="article-left"><section class="article-body"><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph"><span>每当有朋友问起我今年的工作情况时，我都会说到“混乱”这个词。这并非坏事：我喜欢做新闻时的那种肾上腺素飙升的刺激，不管是<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/13/well/aspartame-sweetener-carcinogen.html">关于人造糖的新警告</a>，还是<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/31/well/live/medicaid-health-insurance-eligibility.html">医疗补助计划的取消</a>导致数百万美国人失去保障。我喜欢帮助读者弄清楚正在发生什么事情，以及它为什么值得关注</span>。<span>等一下，现在TikTok上走红的是<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/13/well/eat/flax-seeds-benefits.html">什么种子食物</a>？为什么这么多人开始喝<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/11/well/eat/raw-milk-risks.html">生牛奶</a>？为什么我在哪里都<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/06/well/eggs-health-misinformation.html">买不到鸡蛋</a>？</span></div><div class="article-paragraph">随着2024年的到来，我回顾了2023年的人气报道，以及它们对我们来年的健康启示。</div><div class="article-paragraph"><span><b>诺和泰的时代才刚刚开始……</b></span></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>今年，关于诺和泰和类似药物的新闻似乎一直没有停过，这些药物可以使体重大幅下降。随着<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/08/well/zepbound-mounjaro-weight-loss.html">越来越多的此类药物</a>进入市场，越来越多的患者开始迫切要求使用</span>它们<span>，越来越多的医生也开始接受它们。今年有两个趋势尤其让我觉得有意思：一个是<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/03/well/mind/ozempic-weight-loss-antidepressants-antipsychotics.html">心理健康方面的专业人士</a>开始提供这些药物，以抵消因服用精神类药物带来的体重增加；一些在<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/27/well/live/menopause-ozempic-weight-gain.html">更年期</a>努力减肥的人也开始求助于这些药物。</span></div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-0" data-target="{"pos":"mid1","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph"><span>对这些药物的兴趣不仅仅是治疗糖尿病和减肥——研究人员报告称，其中一种叫<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/11/well/live/ozempic-wegovy-heart-disease-obesity.html">Wegovy</a>的药物可以降低一些人心脏病发作和中风的风险。这些药物<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/12/20/well/live/ozempic-weight-loss-drugs-diseases.html">应用范围的不断扩大</a>，可能会成为2024年最大的新闻之一。</span></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span><b>……</b></span><b>而</b><b>新冠病毒时代还没有真正结束。</b></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>今年，新冠公共卫生紧急状态<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/01/well/live/covid-public-health-emergency.html">正式结束</a>，这是此次大流行进入新阶段的一个重要里程碑。这一转变使得许多人<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/22/well/covid-vaccine-booster-insurance.html">难以获得</a>新冠检测和<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/11/well/live/covid-vaccine-booster-fall.html">最新的疫苗</a>，尽管该病毒在我们的生活中仍然是重要的存在。<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/covid-variant.html">新的变异</a>不断出现，许多人发现自己似乎陷入了</span>康复-<span>感染的无休止<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/17/well/live/covid-reinfection.html">循环</a>中。</span></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span><b>气候变化对健康的影响越来越明显……</b></span></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>工作中最让我喜欢的部分，就是追寻那些当下最紧迫问题的答案。今年夏天，野火的烟雾飘过纽约，天空变成了橙色，我从外套口袋里翻出一个N95口罩，在可怕的通勤途中，我想知道<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/08/us/wildfire-smoke-health-risks.html">呼吸烟雾缭绕的空气对肺部的危害有多大</a>。气候变化带来的健康风险正在迅速<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/14/climate/climate-change-health-effects-lancet.html">上升</a>，越来越多的人似乎已经开始思考天气变化将如何影响他们的健康。</span></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>可能唯一的好处是——如果你可以这么说的话，那就是明年在适应新常态的过程中，我们至少可以做得更好一些。当下一次暴风雨<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/flash-flood-safety-survival.html">淹没</a>纽约，或者下一次<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/08/10/well/live/heat-body-dehydration-health.html">热浪</a>来袭时，我会知道应该采取什么预防措施，以尽可能保持安全。</span></div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-1" data-target="{"pos":"mid2","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph"><span><b>……饮酒危害</b></span><b>的</b><b>证据也越来越确凿</b><b>。</b></div><div class="article-paragraph">你可能不想听——<span>其实我也不想听，但证据已经非常清楚地表明，<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/08/10/well/live/heat-body-dehydration-health.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/08/10/well/live/heat-body-dehydration-health.html">酒精对人体有害</a>。今年的新研究发现，与饮酒相关的死亡在<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/31/well/live/women-alcohol-deaths.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/31/well/live/women-alcohol-deaths.html">女性中的上升速度</a>快于男性，尤其是65岁及以上人群，两性之间的差距正在缩小。还有更多证据表明，酒精会增加罹患癌症的风险，尤其是<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/18/well/live/breast-cancer-risk-prevention.html">乳腺癌</a>和<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/20/well/colon-colorectal-cancer-symptoms-screening.html">结肠癌</a>。</span></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>对于我们当中那些<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/23/well/dry-january-mindful-drinking.html">“脱酒精”运动</a>的参与者来说，</span>无酒1月(Dry January)让我们有机会在新的一年里有意识地思考饮酒问题，并考虑把这个做法延伸到全年。</div><div class="article-paragraph"><b>还有，过时的重新成了流行的。</b></div><div class="article-paragraph">如果说健康潮流的多变世界有什么不变法则的话，那就是虽然潮流可能会消退，但它们永远不会真正消亡。</div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>今年，Z世代让长期以来不敌希腊酸奶的<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/07/well/eat/cottage-cheese-health-benefits.html">乡村奶酪</a>重现走红，并对其健康益处赞不绝口。人们还找到了一种古老的草本植物</span>南非醉茄，试图用来缓解他们的焦虑。星巴克在咖啡中加入了橄榄油，<span>蹭起了<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/06/well/eat/mediterranean-diet-health.html">地中海式饮食</a></span>的热度<span>，而且人们还把橄榄油加在酸奶、冰淇淋等<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/01/well/eat/olive-oil-health-benefits.html">几乎所有的食物中</a>。在TikTok上，有人希望它能起到美肤作用，甚至直接</span>倒进烈酒杯里一口闷。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-2" data-target="{"pos":"mid3","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">2024年会有什么样的养生潮流趋势？谁也说不准。我看好所有能缓解压力的东西——毕竟2024年是美国的大选年——所以我在关注那些声称能缓解压力的保健品和产品。如果事情真的这么简单就好了。</div></div><div class="article-body-aside col-lg-3"></div></div></section><footer class="author-info"><div data-poster="" class="css-1jp38cr"><div data-poster="" class="css-cw8msf eqi4ubu0"><div data-poster="" class="css-kzd6pg"><p>Dani Blum是时报健康记者。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/dani-blum">点击查看更多关于他的信息。</a></p><p>翻译：杜然</p><p><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/22/well/live/health-2023-ozempic-covid.html">点击查看本文英文版。</a></p></div></div></div><div data-poster="" 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