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class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-克拉科夫起義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#克拉科夫起義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>克拉科夫起義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-克拉科夫起義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參見條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">克拉科夫自由市</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。41种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudat_libre_de_Cracovia" title="Ciudat libre de Cracovia – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciudat libre de Cracovia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Cracovia" title="República de Cracovia – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República de Cracovia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کراکوف آزاد شهری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کراکوف آزاد شهری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Вольны горад Кракаў – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вольны горад Кракаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Вольны горад Кракаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вольны горад Кракаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Свободен град Краков – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свободен град Краков" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DA%95%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%81" title="شاری ئازادی کڕاکۆف – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شاری ئازادی کڕاکۆف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodn%C3%A9_m%C4%9Bsto_Krakov" title="Svobodné město Krakov – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svobodné město Krakov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fristaden_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Fristaden Kraków – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fristaden Kraków" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Krakau" title="Republik Krakau – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republik Krakau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ελεύθερη Πόλη της Κρακοβίας – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελεύθερη Πόλη της Κρακοβίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_City_of_Cracow" title="Free City of Cracow – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Free City of Cracow" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respubliko_Krakovo" title="Respubliko Krakovo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Respubliko Krakovo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Cracovia" title="República de Cracovia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República de Cracovia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3wi_Vabariik" title="Krakówi Vabariik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Krakówi Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81" title="شهر آزاد کراکوف – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهر آزاد کراکوف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakovan_vapaakaupunki" title="Krakovan vapaakaupunki – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Krakovan vapaakaupunki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville_libre_de_Cracovie" title="Ville libre de Cracovie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ville libre de Cracovie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Cracovia" title="República de Cracovia – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República de Cracovia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91" title="העיר החופשית קרקוב – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העיר החופשית קרקוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կրակովի Հանրապետություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կրակովի Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Merdeka_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kota Merdeka Kraków – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Merdeka Kraków" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_di_Cracovia" title="Repubblica di Cracovia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica di Cracovia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%95%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="クラクフ共和国 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クラクフ共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="თავისუფალი ქალაქი კრაკოვი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თავისუფალი ქალაქი კრაკოვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%BF%A0%ED%94%84_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%8B%9C" title="크라쿠프 자유시 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크라쿠프 자유시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_Cracoviensis" title="Res publica Cracoviensis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica Cracoviensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Слободен Град Краков – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Слободен Град Краков" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_Krakau" title="Republiek Krakau – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Republiek Krakau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_Crac%C3%B2via" title="Republica de Cracòvia – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica de Cracòvia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolne_Miasto_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Wolne Miasto Kraków – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolne Miasto Kraków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_Livre_de_Crac%C3%B3via" title="Cidade Livre de Cracóvia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidade Livre de Cracóvia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora%C8%99ul_Liber_Cracovia" title="Orașul Liber Cracovia – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orașul Liber Cracovia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Вольный город Краков – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вольный город Краков" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_City_of_Cracow" title="Free City of Cracow – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Free City of Cracow" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakovsk%C3%A1_republika" title="Krakovská republika – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krakovská republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Слободни Град Краков – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Слободни Град Краков" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsstaten_Krakow" title="Stadsstaten Krakow – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stadsstaten Krakow" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr_%C5%9Eehri" title="Kraków Özgür Şehri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kraków Özgür Şehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Вільне місто Краків – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільне місто Краків" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Cộng hòa Kraków – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Kraków" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q501303#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&oldid=84385552" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&id=84385552&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2585%258B%25E6%258B%2589%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25AB%25E8%2587%25AA%25E7%2594%25B1%25E5%25B8%2582"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2585%258B%25E6%258B%2589%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25AB%25E8%2587%25AA%25E7%2594%25B1%25E5%25B8%2582"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q501303" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="地理坐标">坐标</a>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&params=50_3_42_N_19_56_14_E_type:country_region:PL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">50°3′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">19°56′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">50.06167°N 19.93722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.06167; 19.93722</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" 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0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">自由、獨立且嚴格中立的克拉科夫市<sup id="cite_ref-cracow_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cracow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 及其領土</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Wolne, Niepodległe i Ściśle Neutralne Miasto Kraków z Okręgiem</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1815年—1846年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Krak%C3%B3w.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krakow国旗"><img alt="Krakow国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Krak%C3%B3w.svg/125px-Flag_of_Krak%C3%B3w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Krak%C3%B3w.svg/188px-Flag_of_Krak%C3%B3w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Krak%C3%B3w.svg/250px-Flag_of_Krak%C3%B3w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div>国旗</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Krak%C3%B3w_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krakow国徽"><img alt="Krakow国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/POL_Krak%C3%B3w_COA.svg/85px-POL_Krak%C3%B3w_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/POL_Krak%C3%B3w_COA.svg/128px-POL_Krak%C3%B3w_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/POL_Krak%C3%B3w_COA.svg/170px-POL_Krak%C3%B3w_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="766" /></a></span></div> <div>国徽</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w_1815.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w_1815.svg/250px-Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w_1815.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w_1815.svg/375px-Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w_1815.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w_1815.svg/500px-Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w_1815.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">地位</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利帝國">奧地利帝國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="保護國">保護國</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">克拉科夫</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">常用语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">羅馬天主教</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">共和国</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">上議院議長</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">代表议会</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">历史</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="维也纳会议">建立</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1815年5月3日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="十一月起义">十一月起义</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1830年11月29日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 克拉科夫起義 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1846年11月16日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">面积</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">1815年</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,164平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">1843年</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,164平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">人口</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1815年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">95000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1843年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">146000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%85%B9%E7%BD%97%E6%8F%90" title="波兰兹罗提">波兰兹罗提</a>（1835年以前）<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%8C%B2%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克拉科夫茲羅提（页面不存在）">克拉科夫茲羅提</a>（1835年以后）</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>前身</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>继承</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Warsaw.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Warsaw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Warsaw.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Warsaw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Warsaw.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Warsaw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="華沙公國">華沙公國</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="奥地利帝国">奥地利帝国</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="width:17em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:波蘭歷史">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle vcard" style="background:#ccf; padding-top:0.2em;background:#DC143C"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="波兰历史"><span style="color:white">波兰历史</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herb_Polski.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="波兰国徽"><img alt="波兰国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/120px-Herb_Polski.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/180px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/240px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3716" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 史前</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="波兰史前时期">史前时期的波兰</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 中世纪</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀早期的波蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Poland in the Early Middle Ages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀早期的波蘭（页面不存在）">中世紀早期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" class="extiw" title="en:Poland in the Early Middle Ages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Poland in the Early Middle Ages</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8C%96" title="波蘭的基督教化">波蘭的基督教化</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1025%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941385%E5%B9%B4)" title="波兰王国 (1025年—1385年)">第一王国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1385%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941569%E5%B9%B4)" title="波蘭王國 (1385年—1569年)">第二王国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="皮雅斯特王朝">皮雅斯特王朝</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%9B%96%E9%9A%86%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="雅盖隆王朝">雅盖隆王朝</a></span> </p> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="皮雅斯特王朝时期的波兰">皮雅斯特王朝时期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">966–1385</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%9B%96%E9%9A%86%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="雅盖隆王朝时期的波兰">雅盖隆王朝时期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1385–1572</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 近代早期</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E5%86%A0%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="波兰王国王冠领地">第一共和國</a> /</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波蘭立陶宛聯邦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="瓜分波蘭">俄普奧三次瓜分波蘭</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="五三宪法">五三宪法</a></span> </p> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">选举君主制</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1572–1648</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="大洪水时代">大洪水时代</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波立联邦</a>的衰落</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1648–1764</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="第一次瓜分波兰">第一次瓜分期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1764–1793</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="第二次瓜分波兰">第二次瓜分期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1793–1795</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 近代</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="華沙公國">華沙公國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="波蘭會議王國">會議王國</a> /</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">克拉科夫自由市</a>→<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="克拉科夫大公國">大公國</a> /</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="波森大公國">波森大公國</a>→<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="普魯士王國">普</a>屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%A3%AE%E7%9C%81" title="波森省">波森省</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1916%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941918%E5%B9%B4)" title="波兰王国 (1916年—1918年)">摄政王国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰第二共和国">第二共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="波蘭流亡政府">流亡政府</a> /</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="波蘭地下國">波蘭地下國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰人民共和国">人民共和国</a></span> </p> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波蘭歷史 (1795年–1918年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Poland (1795–1918)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2_(1795%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%931918%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波蘭歷史 (1795年–1918年)（页面不存在）">亡國及分治期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918)" class="extiw" title="en:History of Poland (1795–1918)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Poland (1795–1918)</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1795–1918</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第一次世界大战时期的波兰历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Poland during World War I"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一次世界大战时期的波兰历史（页面不存在）">一战时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_World_War_I" class="extiw" title="en:History of Poland during World War I"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Poland during World War I</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1914–1918</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰第二共和国">第二共和国</a>时期</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1918–1939</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大战时期的波兰历史 (1939–1945)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Poland (1939–1945)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2_(1939%E2%80%931945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大战时期的波兰历史 (1939–1945)（页面不存在）">二战时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" class="extiw" title="en:History of Poland (1939–1945)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Poland (1939–1945)</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1939–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰人民共和国">人民共和国</a>时期</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1945–1989</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 当代波兰</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">第三共和国</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波兰历史 (1989年至今)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Poland (1989–present)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2_(1989%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B3%E4%BB%8A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波兰历史 (1989年至今)（页面不存在）">时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" class="extiw" title="en:History of Poland (1989–present)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Poland (1989–present)</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1989–<small>至今</small></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> 主题</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="波兰历史">通史</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="波兰君主列表">君主</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="Portal:波兰">波兰主题</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;border-top:1px solid #ccc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:波兰历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:波兰历史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:波兰历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>克拉科夫自由市</b>（Wolne, Niepodległe i Ściśle Neutralne Miasto Kraków z Okręgiem）是一個存在于1815年至1846年由<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="維也納會議">維也納會議</a>創設的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="城市國家">城市國家</a>（位於今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>境內），由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄羅斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="普魯士王國">普魯士</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利帝國">奧地利</a>三國控制。在爆發<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="克拉科夫起义">克拉科夫起義</a>後，克拉科夫自由市被奧地利吞并，改為奧地利屬下的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="克拉科夫大公國">克拉科夫大公國</a>。也稱克拉科夫共和國。克拉科夫自由市是波蘭歷史上首個純粹的共和制國家。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="克拉科夫起義"><span id=".E5.85.8B.E6.8B.89.E7.A7.91.E5.A4.AB.E8.B5.B7.E7.BE.A9"></span>克拉科夫起義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：克拉科夫起義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1830年代，俄國鎮壓波蘭自治後，大批波蘭民族主義者流亡海外，這期間接觸到海外民族、民主思想，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="拿破仑时代">拿破崙時代</a>湧現的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E7%A4%BE%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="秘密社团">秘密社團</a>提供他們實現抱負之平台。1846年儘管經過長期的準備，卻仍被普魯士警察獲悉並在其控制地區逮捕首領，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7)" title="加利西亚 (东欧)">加利西亞</a>的奧地利總督有感士單力薄，無力對付該省武裝起義的貴族而求助於當地農民領袖<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅各布·舍拉" data-lang-code="pl" data-lang-name="波兰语" data-foreign-title="Jakub Szela"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅各布·舍拉（页面不存在）">雅各布·舍拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">波兰语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakub_Szela" class="extiw" title="pl:Jakub Szela"><span lang="pl" dir="auto">Jakub Szela</span></a></span>）</span></span>，他輕率地對前來參軍的人許諾結束農奴制，以致當地出現大批武裝團伙使局面難以收拾，導致500座莊園被焚毀、近2000名貴族莊園主被殺。最終，奧地利出兵恢復秩序，舍拉被授與勳章與土地，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%A5%B4%E5%88%B6" title="農奴制">農奴制</a>也未廢除。該年11月16日，奧地利與俄國簽署條約廢除克拉科夫的自由市地位，將其併入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7)" title="加利西亚 (东欧)">加利西亞</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=God%27s_Playground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="God's Playground（页面不存在）">God's Playground</a>. A History of Poland. Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795</i>, <i>Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0199253390" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-925339-0</a> / <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0199253404" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-925340-4</a>.</li> <li>Janina Bieniarzówna, Jan M. Małecki i Józef Mitkowski (red.) <i>Dzieje Krakowa</i>, t.3 (Kraków w latach 1796-1918), Kraków 1979. <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="波蘭語">（波兰文）</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Feuchtwanger, E. J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prussiamythreali00unse">Prussia: Myth and Reality</a>. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company. 1970: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prussiamythreali00unse/page/262">262</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0854961089" title="Special:网络书源/0854961089"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0854961089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rft.aulast=Feuchtwanger&rft.btitle=Prussia%3A+Myth+and+Reality&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0854961089&rft.pages=262&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Henry+Regnery+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprussiamythreali00unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cracow-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cracow_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Polish variant of Kraków is occasionally retroactively applied in English to the historical Free City.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Richard J. Evans著、胡利平譯. 1815-1914競逐權力. 北京: 中信出版社. 218年12月: 241. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5086-9650-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5086-9650-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5086-9650-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&rft.au=Richard+J.+Evans%E8%91%97%E3%80%81%E8%83%A1%E5%88%A9%E5%B9%B3%E8%AD%AF&rft.btitle=1815-1914%E7%AB%B6%E9%80%90%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5086-9650-8&rft.pages=241&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見條目"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>參見條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參見條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="呂貝克自由市">呂貝克自由市</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E6%BE%A4%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82_(%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3)" title="但澤自由市 (拿破崙時代)">但澤自由市 (拿破崙時代)</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E6%BE%A4%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="但澤自由市">但澤自由市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="北爱尔兰问题">北爱尔兰问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%95" title="格陵蘭自治公投">格陵蘭自治公投</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" title="联邦制">联邦制</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="魁北克政治">魁北克政治</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80" title="弗拉芒大區">弗拉芒大區</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相關多媒體資源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Free City of Kraków">克拉科夫自由市</a> </p> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Republic-of-Cracow">Republic of Cracow | historical state, Poland</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123132155/https://www.britannica.com/place/Republic-of-Cracow">存档</a>于2020-11-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&rft.atitle=Republic+of+Cracow+%7C+historical+state%2C+Poland&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FRepublic-of-Cracow&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fFYuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date:1980-2007&dq=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date:1980-2007&ei=SE_WRoncOoWY7wKcr8T2BA&pgis=1&hl=en">The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. 1993: 949 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-21</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780852295717" title="Special:网络书源/9780852295717"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780852295717</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123132201/https://books.google.com/books?id=fFYuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date%3A1980-2007&dq=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date%3A1980-2007&ei=SE_WRoncOoWY7wKcr8T2BA&pgis=1&hl=en">存档</a>于2020-11-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>. <q>the "Free City of Kraków" was designated to be the "symbolic capital of the divided Poland"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopaedia+Britannica%3A+Macropaedia&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780852295717&rft.pages=949&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfFYuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Free%2BCity%2Bof%2BKrakow%2522%2Bdate%3A1980-2007%26dq%3D%2522Free%2BCity%2Bof%2BKrakow%2522%2Bdate%3A1980-2007%26ei%3DSE_WRoncOoWY7wKcr8T2BA%26pgis%3D1%26hl%3Den&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC&pg=PR26&dq=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date:1980-2007&ei=STzWRrCPNo7G7ALmxJ3YAw&sig=OymIc1bxWSamI9r1xTStp8qaVQU&hl=en">A Concise History of Poland</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">Cambridge University Press</a>. 2006-07-06: 408 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-21</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521853323" title="Special:网络书源/9780521853323"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780521853323</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123132207/https://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC&pg=PR26&dq=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date%3A1980-2007&ei=STzWRrCPNo7G7ALmxJ3YAw&sig=OymIc1bxWSamI9r1xTStp8qaVQU&hl=en">存档</a>于2020-11-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&rft.au=Zawadzki%2C+Hubert&rft.aufirst=Jerzy&rft.aulast=Lukowski&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Poland&rft.date=2006-07-06&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780521853323&rft.pages=408&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHMylRh-wHWEC%26pg%3DPR26%26dq%3D%2522Free%2BCity%2Bof%2BKrakow%2522%2Bdate%3A1980-2007%26ei%3DSTzWRrCPNo7G7ALmxJ3YAw%26sig%3DOymIc1bxWSamI9r1xTStp8qaVQU%26hl%3Den&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="國會圖書館 (美國)">Congress, Library of</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a2kEAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date:1980-2007&dq=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date:1980-2007&ei=61HWRsLLE5fopQKg5a2DBQ&pgis=1&hl=en">The Quarterly journal of the Library of Congress</a>. The Library. 1976 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123132230/https://books.google.com/books?id=a2kEAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date%3A1980-2007&dq=%22Free+City+of+Krakow%22+date%3A1980-2007&ei=61HWRsLLE5fopQKg5a2DBQ&pgis=1&hl=en">存档</a>于2020-11-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>. <q>Senate and government of the Free City of Kraków - the only fragment of Poland to have an independent existence as a state...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&rft.aufirst=Library+of&rft.aulast=Congress&rft.btitle=The+Quarterly+journal+of+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=The+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da2kEAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Free%2BCity%2Bof%2BKrakow%2522%2Bdate%3A1980-2007%26dq%3D%2522Free%2BCity%2Bof%2BKrakow%2522%2Bdate%3A1980-2007%26ei%3D61HWRsLLE5fopQKg5a2DBQ%26pgis%3D1%26hl%3Den&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|year=</code>与<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>不匹配 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#date_year_mismatch" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206142028/http://www.poland.pl/archives/postpartionera/article,,id,269088.htm">Constitution of Free City of Cracow from 1833</a>. Post-Partition Era (19th century). <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-03-08</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poland.pl/archives/postpartionera/article,,id,269088.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2012-02-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Free+City+of+Cracow+from+1833&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Post-Partition+Era+%2819th+century%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poland.pl%2Farchives%2Fpostpartionera%2Farticle%2C%2Cid%2C269088.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&params=50_3_42_N_19_56_14_E_type:country_region:PL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">50°3′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">19°56′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">50.06167°N 19.93722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.06167; 19.93722</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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