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Publications | Institut des Politiques Publiques – IPP

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src="https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/illu-rapport-53-250x200.jpg" alt="Mobiliser les jeunes “invisibles” sur le dispositif Etincelle de la Fondation des Apprentis d’Auteuil" class="thumbnail medium" /></a></div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <p class="entry-reference">Rapport IPP n°53</p> <a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/mobiliser-les-jeunes-invisibles-sur-le-dispositif-etincelle-de-la-fondation-des-apprentis-dauteuil/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">Mobiliser les jeunes “invisibles” sur le dispositif Etincelle de la Fondation des Apprentis d’Auteuil</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <p class="entry-authors"><span class="entry-authors-label">Auteurs&nbsp;:</span> César Fabiani, Jérôme Poulain, Audrey Rain, Maxime Tô</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="item-list post-18413 pub type-pub status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry pub-category-notes-ipp topic-entreprises topic-politiques-sectorielles" id="post-18413"> <div class="entry-image"><a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/prix-planchers-dans-les-filieres-agroalimentaires-une-mesure-defficacite/" title="Prix planchers dans les filières agroalimentaires : une mesure d’efficacité?"><img src="https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/illu-112-250x167.jpg" alt="Prix planchers dans les filières agroalimentaires : une mesure d’efficacité?" class="thumbnail medium" /></a></div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <p class="entry-reference">Note IPP n°112</p> <a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/prix-planchers-dans-les-filieres-agroalimentaires-une-mesure-defficacite/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">Prix planchers dans les filières agroalimentaires : une mesure d’efficacité?</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <p class="entry-authors"><span class="entry-authors-label">Auteurs&nbsp;:</span> Rémi Avignon, Etienne Guigue</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="item-list post-18388 pub type-pub status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry pub-category-notes-ipp topic-retraites" id="post-18388"> <div class="entry-image"><a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/le-systeme-francais-de-retraite-fait-dependre-lage-de-depart-de-la-duree-de-carriere-est-ce-justifie/" title="Le système français de retraite fait dépendre l’âge de départ de la durée de carrière : est-ce justifié ?"><img src="https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Design-sans-titre-8-250x200.jpg" alt="Le système français de retraite fait dépendre l’âge de départ de la durée de carrière : est-ce justifié ?" class="thumbnail medium" /></a></div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <p class="entry-reference">Note IPP n°111</p> <a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/le-systeme-francais-de-retraite-fait-dependre-lage-de-depart-de-la-duree-de-carriere-est-ce-justifie/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">Le système français de retraite fait dépendre l’âge de départ de la durée de carrière : est-ce justifié ?</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <p class="entry-authors"><span class="entry-authors-label">Auteurs&nbsp;:</span> Patrick Aubert</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> <h2 class="box"><span>Billets de blog</span></h2> <div class="blog-posts"> <article class="item-list post-724 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-retraites category-selection" id="post-724"> <div class="entry-image"> <a href="https://blog.ipp.eu/2025/01/23/quels-enjeux-derriere-le-debat-sur-les-vrais-chiffres-de-deficit-des-retraites/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink"> <img src="//www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/01/3-300x200.jpg" srcset="//www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/01/3-300x200.jpg 1x, //www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/01/3-1024x683.jpg 2x" alt="Quels enjeux derrière le débat sur les « vrais chiffres » de déficit des retraites ?" class="thumbnail medium"> </a> </div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://blog.ipp.eu/2025/01/23/quels-enjeux-derriere-le-debat-sur-les-vrais-chiffres-de-deficit-des-retraites/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">Quels enjeux derrière le débat sur les « vrais chiffres » de déficit des retraites ?</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <p class="entry-authors"><span class="entry-authors-label">Auteurs&nbsp;:</span> Patrick Aubert</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="item-list post-715 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-entreprises category-emploi category-selection" id="post-715"> <div class="entry-image"> <a href="https://blog.ipp.eu/2025/01/22/a-la-recherche-de-la-tva-perdue/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink"> <img src="//www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/01/shutterstock_2574649375-300x300.jpg" srcset="//www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/01/shutterstock_2574649375-300x300.jpg 1x, //www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/01/shutterstock_2574649375.jpg 2x" alt="À 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//www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/01/blog-concertation-2.jpg 2x" alt="Concertation sur les retraites : est-ce déjà bien parti pour être mal parti?" class="thumbnail medium"> </a> </div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://blog.ipp.eu/2025/01/17/concertation-sur-les-retraites-est-ce-deja-bien-parti-pour-etre-mal-parti/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">Concertation sur les retraites : est-ce déjà bien parti pour être mal parti?</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <p class="entry-authors"><span class="entry-authors-label">Auteurs&nbsp;:</span> Patrick Aubert</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> <a href=" https://blog.ipp.eu/?lang=fr" class="more-project-link">Parcourir le blog de l'IPP</a> <h2 class="box"><span>Archives</span></h2> <article class="item-list post-18186 pub type-pub status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry pub-category-notes-ipp topic-education topic-logement-territoires" id="post-18186"> <div class="entry-image"><a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/levitement-scolaire-un-effet-boomerang-de-la-labelisation-en-politique-de-la-ville/" title="L’ évitement scolaire : un effet « boomerang » de la labélisation en politique de la ville ?"><img src="https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Note_IPP_110-illu2-250x169.jpg" alt="L’ évitement scolaire : un effet « boomerang » de la labélisation en politique de la ville ?" class="thumbnail medium" /></a></div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <p class="entry-reference">Note IPP n°110</p> <a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/levitement-scolaire-un-effet-boomerang-de-la-labelisation-en-politique-de-la-ville/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">L’ évitement scolaire : un effet « boomerang » de la labélisation en politique de la ville ?</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <p class="entry-authors"><span class="entry-authors-label">Auteurs&nbsp;:</span> Manon Garrouste, Miren Lafourcade</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="item-list post-18153 pub type-pub status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry pub-category-notes-ipp topic-education topic-insertion-et-formation" id="post-18153"> <div class="entry-image"><a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/lexperimentation-avenirpro-un-levier-pour-linsertion-professionnelle-des-eleves-de-cap-et-bacpro/" title="L’expérimentation AvenirPro : un levier pour l’insertion professionnelle des élèves de CAP et BacPro"><img src="https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/109-illu-250x167.jpg" alt="L’expérimentation AvenirPro : un levier pour l’insertion professionnelle des élèves de CAP et BacPro" class="thumbnail medium" /></a></div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <p class="entry-reference">Note IPP n°109</p> <a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/lexperimentation-avenirpro-un-levier-pour-linsertion-professionnelle-des-eleves-de-cap-et-bacpro/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">L’expérimentation AvenirPro : un levier pour l’insertion 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en quête de recettes" class="thumbnail medium" /></a></div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <p class="entry-reference">Blog IPP</p> <a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/limpot-sur-les-superprofits-en-quete-de-recettes/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">L’impôt sur les superprofits en quête de recettes</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <p class="entry-authors"><span class="entry-authors-label">Auteurs&nbsp;:</span> Laurent Bach</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="item-list post-17652 pub type-pub status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry pub-category-notes-ipp topic-police-et-justice" id="post-17652"> <div class="entry-image"><a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/le-traitement-judiciaire-des-violences-sexuelles-et-conjugales-en-france/" title="Le traitement judiciaire des violences sexuelles et conjugales en France"><img src="https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/illu107-250x167.jpg" alt="Le traitement judiciaire des violences sexuelles et conjugales en France" class="thumbnail medium" /></a></div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <p class="entry-reference">Note IPP n°107</p> <a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/le-traitement-judiciaire-des-violences-sexuelles-et-conjugales-en-france/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">Le traitement judiciaire des violences sexuelles et conjugales en France</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <p class="entry-authors"><span class="entry-authors-label">Auteurs&nbsp;:</span> Maëlle Stricot</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="item-list post-17620 pub type-pub status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry pub-category-notes-ipp topic-retraites" id="post-17620"> <div class="entry-image"><a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/17620/" title="Retraites : quelles règles d&rsquo;indexation dans un régime en annuités ?"><img src="https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/illu-Note-106-250x188.jpg" alt="Retraites : quelles règles d&rsquo;indexation dans un régime en annuités ?" class="thumbnail medium" /></a></div> <div class="entry-infos"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <p class="entry-reference">Note IPP n°106</p> <a href="https://www.ipp.eu/publication/17620/" class="entry-permalink" rel="permalink">Retraites : quelles règles d&rsquo;indexation dans un régime en annuités ?</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <p class="entry-authors"><span class="entry-authors-label">Auteurs&nbsp;:</span> Didier Blanchet</p> </div> </div> </article> <div id="nav-below" class="pagination"><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.ipp.eu/publications/page/2/">2</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">…</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.ipp.eu/publications/page/20/">20</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="https://www.ipp.eu/publications/page/2/">Suivant »</a></div> </div> <nav id="left-col" class="left-col"> <h3 class="secondary-nav"><a 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