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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rutilio Grande" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rutilio Grande" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rutilio Grande" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rutilio Grande" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rutilio Grande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rutilio Grande" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rutilio Grande" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="روتيليو جراندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روتيليو جراندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rutilio Grande" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Rutilio Grande García – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rutilio Grande García" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%ADlio_Grande" title="Rutílio Grande – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rutílio Grande" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Гранде, Рутилио – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гранде, Рутилио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande – Swedish" lang="sv" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Salvadorean Jesuit Priest and Community Leader</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Grande</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> García</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #BDBDBD;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Rutilio Grande</div><br /><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">S.J.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Un_mural_del_padre_Rutilio_Grande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Un_mural_del_padre_Rutilio_Grande.jpg/220px-Un_mural_del_padre_Rutilio_Grande.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Un_mural_del_padre_Rutilio_Grande.jpg/330px-Un_mural_del_padre_Rutilio_Grande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Un_mural_del_padre_Rutilio_Grande.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="513" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">30 July 1959<br />by Demetrio Mansilla Reoyo</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Rutilio Grande García</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1928-07-05</span>)</span>5 July 1928<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/El_Paisnal" title="El Paisnal">El Paisnal</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 March 1977<span style="display:none">(1977-03-12)</span> (aged 48)<br /><a href="/wiki/Aguilares,_El_Salvador" title="Aguilares, El Salvador">Aguilares</a>, El Salvador</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data">Salvador Grande<br />Cristina García</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Externado_San_Jos%C3%A9" title="Externado San José">Externado San José</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Sainthood</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Feast day</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/12_March" class="mw-redirect" title="12 March">12 March</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Beatified</th><td class="infobox-data">22 January 2022<br />Plaza Divino Salvador del Mundo, <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a>, El Salvador<br />by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Rosa_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Gregorio Rosa Chávez">Gregorio Rosa Chávez</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Attributes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">Priest's cassock</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Palm_branch" title="Palm branch">Palm</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rutilio Grande García</b>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a> (5 July 1928 in <a href="/wiki/El_Paisnal" title="El Paisnal">El Paisnal</a> – 12 March 1977 in <a href="/wiki/Aguilares,_El_Salvador" title="Aguilares, El Salvador">Aguilares</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> priest in <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>. He was assassinated in 1977, along with two other Salvadorans. He was the first priest assassinated before the <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a> started and a close friend of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a>. After his death, Romero changed his silence and urged <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_Junta_of_El_Salvador" title="Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador">the military junta</a> to investigate the murder. His <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatification</a>, through his status as a martyr, was approved by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> on 21 February 2020, with the ceremony being held on 22 January 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutilio_Grande&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%93scar_Romero_(al_centro)_y_Rutilio_Grande_(al_lado_derecho)_c._1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%C3%93scar_Romero_%28al_centro%29_y_Rutilio_Grande_%28al_lado_derecho%29_c._1977.jpg/220px-%C3%93scar_Romero_%28al_centro%29_y_Rutilio_Grande_%28al_lado_derecho%29_c._1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%C3%93scar_Romero_%28al_centro%29_y_Rutilio_Grande_%28al_lado_derecho%29_c._1977.jpg/330px-%C3%93scar_Romero_%28al_centro%29_y_Rutilio_Grande_%28al_lado_derecho%29_c._1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%C3%93scar_Romero_%28al_centro%29_y_Rutilio_Grande_%28al_lado_derecho%29_c._1977.jpg/440px-%C3%93scar_Romero_%28al_centro%29_y_Rutilio_Grande_%28al_lado_derecho%29_c._1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="2080" /></a><figcaption> Oscar Romero (center) and Rutilio Grande (Right side) in 1977.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rutilio Grande was born on 5 July 1928, the youngest of 7 children, to a poor family in El Paisnal, El Salvador. His parents, Salvador Grande and Cristina García, divorced when he was young and he was raised by his older brother and grandmother, a devout and strong Catholic woman. At the age of 12, Rutilio was noticed by Archbishop Luis Chavez y Gonzalez during his annual visit to their village and was invited to attend the high school seminary in San Salvador, the capital of the country. </p><p>At the age of 17, following the final year of high school seminary (minor seminary), Grande entered the Jesuit process of the formation called the <a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">novitiate</a>. Thus began a period of time outside of El Salvador. Grande first traveled to Caracas, Venezuela, since there was no Jesuit novitiate in Central America. Initially, Grande felt called to the missions of the church in Oriental countries of the East. After two years in Caracas, he pronounced his vows of <a href="/wiki/Poverty,_chastity_and_obedience" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty, chastity and obedience">poverty, chastity and, obedience</a> and then traveled to Quito, Ecuador to study the humanities, which he completed in 1950. The following three years were spent as a professor in a minor seminary in El Salvador where he taught sacred history, history of the Americas and of El Salvador, and writing.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grande continued his studies for the priesthood at the major <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminary</a> of San José de la Montaña, where he became friends with Romero, a fellow student. Grande was ordained a priest in mid-1959 in Spain in the city of <a href="/wiki/O%C3%B1a" title="Oña">Oña</a>. He returned to Spain in 1962 to complete studies left undone due to his physical and mental struggles. In 1963 he attended Lumen Vitae Institute in Brussels, Belgium, where he studied new directions in pastoral ministry inspired by Vatican II. He was particularly influenced by his experiences of an inclusive liturgy which insisted upon the widest and deepest lay participation possible at that time. As his biographer stated, "Very probably at this moment his fundamental lines of pastoral action matured. Certainly, a part of this epoch in pastoral theological development was to always look for the greatest participation possible by the base or least empowered part of a community, and to never proceed autonomously or without hearing the community."<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Kelly_2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Kelly_2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He returned to El Salvador in 1965 and was appointed director of social action projects at the seminary in <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a>, a position he held for nine years. From 1965 to 1970 he was also prefect of discipline and professor of pastoral theology.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He taught a variety of subjects including liturgy, catechesis, pastoral theology, and introduction to the mystery of Christ (philosophy). He also fully utilized the social sciences in an effort to understand the reality within which he lived and ministered. During this time, Grande initiated a process of formation for seminarians which included pastoral "immersions" in the communities they would someday serve. This included time with people listening to their problems and their reality. Grande put it this way, "the first contact with the people was to be characterized by a human encounter; to try to enter into their reality in order to leave with common reality."<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Kelly_2013_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Kelly_2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This innovative aspect of formation lasted for a year or two, and then the bishops asked that seminarians be sent back to their dioceses during their breaks so they could be supervised and relationships with the bishop could be better established. Grande eventually had a falling out with the leadership of the seminary over his methods for formation and evangelization. He disagreed with the insistence that seminarians separate their intellectual formation from their pastoral formation. Grande sought equilibrium between prayer, study, and apostolic activity. </p><p>Shortly after this falling out with church leadership, and reconciliation over his criticism of the seminary system, Grande would attend the Latin American Pastoral Institute (IPLA) in Quito, Ecuador beginning in 1972. There he learned the method of conscientization of Paulo Freire and combined it with the pastoral theology of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Episcopal_Conference_of_Latin_America" title="Second Episcopal Conference of Latin America">Medellín Conference</a> (a meeting of Latin American bishops in 1968). Attendance at this Institute was a turning point for Grande, for he was finally able to integrate Vatican II, the teaching of the Latin American bishops, and his own reality in Salvador in a ministry that had explosive consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon his return to El Salvador in 1973, Grande embarked on a team-based Jesuit evangelization "Mission" to Aguilares, El Salvador. Deeply engaged in the lives of the people he served, Grande led with the Gospel but did not shy away from speaking on social and political issues, which had profound consequences for the church. He could be credited with promoting a "pastoral" liberation ministry that began in scripture and allowed lay people in El Salvador to work for social transformation without resorting to Marxist analysis. Grande was prophetic on issues of land reform, the relationship of rich and poor, liturgical inclusiveness, workers' rights, and making the Catholic faith real for very poor people. He was fond of saying that "the Gospel must grow little feet" if Christ is not to remain in the clouds.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grande had been master of ceremonies at Romero's installation as bishop of Santiago de María in 1975 and remained a friend and confidant of Romero, whom he inspired through his ministry and through the ultimate sacrifice he made.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grande had served in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Aguilares,_El_Salvador" title="Aguilares, El Salvador">Aguilares</a> off and on from 1967 to 1977. He was responsible, along with many other Jesuits, for establishing <a href="/wiki/Christian_base_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian base communities">Christian base communities</a> (CEBs, in Spanish) and training "Delegates of the Word" to lead them.<sup id="cite_ref-lernoux_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lernoux-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grande spoke against the injustices at the hands of an oppressive government and dedicated his life's work to organizing the impoverished, marginalized rural farmers of El Salvador as they demanded respect for their rights.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local landowners saw the organization of the peasants as a threat to their power.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grande challenged the government in its response to actions he saw as attempts to harass and silence Salvadoran priests. Mario Bernal Londono, a <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombian</a> priest serving in El Salvador, had been kidnapped January 28, 1977 – allegedly by <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrillas</a> – in front of the Apopa church near San Salvador, together with a parishioner who was safely released. Bernal was deported by the Salvadoran government. On 13 February 1977, Grande preached a sermon that came to be called "the Apopa sermon," denouncing the government's expulsion of Londono, an action that some later believed helped to provoke Grande's murder: </p> <dl><dd>I am fully aware that very soon the Bible and the Gospels will not be allowed to cross the border. All that will reach us will be the covers since all the pages are subversive – against sin, it is said. So that if Jesus crosses the border at Chalatenango, they will not allow him to enter. They would accuse him, the man-God ... of being an agitator, of being a Jewish foreigner, who confuses the people with exotic and foreign ideas, anti-democratic ideas, and, that is, against the minorities. Ideas against God, because this is a clan of Cain's. Brothers, they would undoubtedly crucify him again. And they have said so.<i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oas2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oas2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_aftermath">Death and aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutilio_Grande&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII">Catholic Church persecutions 1939–1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_and_Russia" title="Pope Pius XII and Russia">Eradication of the Church under Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_victims_of_Soviet_persecutions" title="Eastern Catholic victims of Soviet persecutions">Eastern Catholic persecutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_modern_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in the modern era">Persecution of Christians in the modern era</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecution" title="Diocletianic Persecution">Diocletianic Persecution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Neo-Persian Empire</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_conquest_of_Jerusalem" title="Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem">Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Latins" title="Massacre of the Latins">Massacre of the Latins</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Muslim conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_non-Islamic_places_of_worship_into_mosques" title="Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques">Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian genocide">Assyrian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosheh_massacres" title="Kosheh massacres">Kosheh massacres</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Christianity in Saudi Arabia">Christianity in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sudan" title="Christianity in Sudan">Christianity in Sudan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maspero_demonstrations" title="Maspero demonstrations">Maspero demonstrations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Martyrs of Compiègne">Martyrs of Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_in_the_Rue_Haxo" title="Massacre in the Rue Haxo">Massacre in the Rue Haxo</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristero_War" title="Cristero War">Cristero War</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iniquis_afflictisque" title="Iniquis afflictisque">Iniquis afflictisque</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acerba_animi" title="Acerba animi">Acerba animi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%A1nchez_del_R%C3%ADo" title="José Sánchez del Río">José Sánchez del Río</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism_in_Mexico" title="Anti-clericalism in Mexico">Anti-clericalism in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Pro" title="Miguel Pro">Miguel Pro</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Terror_(Spain)" title="Red Terror (Spain)">Red Terror</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dilectissima_Nobis" title="Dilectissima Nobis">Dilectissima Nobis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Turon" title="Martyrs of Turon">Martyrs of Turon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Daimiel" title="Martyrs of Daimiel">Martyrs of Daimiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Blanco" title="Bartolomé Blanco">Bartolomé Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocencio_of_Mary_Immaculate" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocencio of Mary Immaculate">Innocencio of Mary Immaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_of_Manila" title="José María of Manila">José María of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/233_Spanish_Martyrs" title="233 Spanish Martyrs">233 Spanish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/498_Spanish_Martyrs" title="498 Spanish Martyrs">498 Spanish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/522_Spanish_Martyrs" title="522 Spanish Martyrs">522 Spanish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_convents_in_Spain_(1931)" title="Burning of convents in Spain (1931)">Burning of convents in Spain (1931)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_persecution_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Germany" title="Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany">Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Delp" title="Alfred Delp">Alfred Delp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Grimm" title="Alois Grimm">Alois Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Mayer" title="Rupert Mayer">Rupert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Lichtenberg" title="Bernhard Lichtenberg">Bernhard Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Josef_Metzger" title="Max Josef Metzger">Max Josef Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Leisner" title="Karl Leisner">Karl Leisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Klausener" title="Erich Klausener">Erich Klausener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulturkampf" title="Kulturkampf">Kulturkampf</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyr Saints of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Chapdelaine" title="Auguste Chapdelaine">Auguste Chapdelaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_and_China" title="Pope Pius XII and China">Persecution of Christians in China</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_Sinarum_gentem" title="Ad Sinarum gentem">Ad Sinarum gentem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupimus_Imprimis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupimus Imprimis">Cupimus Imprimis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_Apostolorum_principis" title="Ad Apostolorum principis">Ad Apostolorum principis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Kung_Pin-Mei" title="Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei">Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beda_Chang" title="Beda Chang">Beda Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tang" title="Dominic Tang">Dominic Tang</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_of_Ph%C3%BA_Y%C3%AAn" title="Andrew of Phú Yên">Andrew of Phú Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thu%E1%BA%ADn" title="Nguyễn Văn Thuận">Nguyễn Văn Thuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_B%E1%BB%ADu_Di%E1%BB%87p" title="Trương Bửu Diệp">Trương Bửu Diệp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_T%C3%A2n_V%C4%83n" title="Marcel Nguyễn Tân Văn">Marcel Nguyễn Tân Văn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_persecution_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Poland" title="Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland">Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksymilian_Kolbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Maksymilian Kolbe">Maksymilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_anti-religious_campaign" title="Polish anti-religious campaign">Polish anti-religious campaign 1945–1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Wyszy%C5%84ski" title="Stefan Wyszyński">Stefan Wyszyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108_Martyrs_of_World_War_II" title="108 Martyrs of World War II">108 Blessed Polish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_and_Poland" title="Pope Pius XII and Poland">Policies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Poloniae_annalibus" title="In Poloniae annalibus">In Poloniae annalibus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gloriosam_Reginam" title="Gloriosam Reginam">Gloriosam Reginam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invicti_athletae" title="Invicti athletae">Invicti athletae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Popie%C5%82uszko" title="Jerzy Popiełuszko">Jerzy Popiełuszko</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Mindszenty" title="József Mindszenty">József Mindszenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Bossilkov" title="Eugene Bossilkov">Eugene Bossilkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severian_Baranyk" title="Severian Baranyk">Severian Baranyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Beran" title="Josef Beran">Josef Beran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drina_Martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Drina Martyrs">Drina Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zynoviy_Kovalyk" title="Zynoviy Kovalyk">Zynoviy Kovalyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Stepinac</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meminisse_iuvat" title="Meminisse iuvat">Meminisse iuvat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anni_sacri" title="Anni sacri">Anni sacri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ra_Salkah%C3%A1zi" title="Sára Salkaházi">Sára Salkaházi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Ciszek" title="Walter Ciszek">Walter Ciszek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Leoni" title="Pietro Leoni">Pietro Leoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Romzha" title="Theodore Romzha">Theodore Romzha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_Christians_in_India" title="Violence against Christians in India">Violence against Christians in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_attacks_on_Christians_in_southern_Karnataka" title="2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka">2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_murders_of_U.S._missionaries_in_El_Salvador" title="1980 murders of U.S. missionaries in El Salvador">Four U.S. missionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Ellacur%C3%ADa" title="Ignacio Ellacuría">Ignacio Ellacuría</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rutilio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mart%C3%ADn-Bar%C3%B3" title="Ignacio Martín-Baró">Ignacio Martín-Baró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segundo_Montes" title="Segundo Montes">Segundo Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_murders_of_Jesuits_in_El_Salvador" title="1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador">1989 murders of Jesuits</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Rother" title="Stanley Rother">Stanley Rother</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom">Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_martyrs_of_the_English_Reformation" title="List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation">List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Catholic Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_law_(British)" title="Penal law (British)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-Catholicism in the United States">United States</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Coyle" title="James Coyle">James Coyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Know Nothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Menace_(newspaper)" title="The Menace (newspaper)"><i>The Menace</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Compulsory_Education_Act" title="Oregon Compulsory Education Act">Oregon Compulsory Education Act</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pierce_v._Society_of_Sisters" title="Pierce v. Society of Sisters">Pierce v. Society of Sisters</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_nativist_riots" title="Philadelphia nativist riots">Philadelphia nativist riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursuline_Convent_riots" title="Ursuline Convent riots">Ursuline Convent riots</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Santoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Santoro">Murder of Andrea Santoro</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_Korea" title="Catholic Church in North Korea">Catholic Church in North Korea</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism_in_Norway" title="Anti-Catholicism in Norway">Anti-Catholicism in Norway</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_church_burnings" title="2021 Canadian church burnings">2021 Canadian church burnings</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Pratulin" title="Martyrs of Pratulin">Martyrs of Pratulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Chelm_Eparchy" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Persecutions of the Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Persecutions of the Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Persecutions of the Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 12 March 1977, Rutilio Grande was assassinated by Salvadoran security forces, just outside his hometown, suffering martyrdom for the people he served and loved.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Placa_en_honor_a_Padre_Rutilio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Placa_en_honor_a_Padre_Rutilio.jpg/220px-Placa_en_honor_a_Padre_Rutilio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Placa_en_honor_a_Padre_Rutilio.jpg/330px-Placa_en_honor_a_Padre_Rutilio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Placa_en_honor_a_Padre_Rutilio.jpg/440px-Placa_en_honor_a_Padre_Rutilio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Memorial plaque at the assassination site. The epitaph quotes Jesus’ words in John 13:15, and translates to “Greater love than this no man hath, that a man lay down his life for his friends.”</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%93scar_Arnulfo_Romero_meets_Pope_Paul_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%C3%93scar_Arnulfo_Romero_meets_Pope_Paul_VI.jpg/220px-%C3%93scar_Arnulfo_Romero_meets_Pope_Paul_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%C3%93scar_Arnulfo_Romero_meets_Pope_Paul_VI.jpg/330px-%C3%93scar_Arnulfo_Romero_meets_Pope_Paul_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%C3%93scar_Arnulfo_Romero_meets_Pope_Paul_VI.jpg/440px-%C3%93scar_Arnulfo_Romero_meets_Pope_Paul_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>Monsignor Romero, right, meeting <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> six weeks before the latter’s death. Romero is handing him a photo of Rutilio Grande, assassinated the year before.</figcaption></figure> <p>On that day shortly after 5:00 p.m., a <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Safari" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Safari">Volkswagen Safari</a> left the small town of Aguilares, an hour north of San Salvador. Inside were three passengers: 72-year-old <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Sol%C3%B3rzano" title="Manuel Solórzano">Manuel Solórzano</a>, 16-year-old named <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Lemus" title="Nelson Lemus">Nelson Lemus</a>, and Rutilio Grande himself. While exiting the town near the train tracks, the vehicle stopped to give three small children a ride. Their destination was Grande’s birthplace of El Paisnal, some three miles away, where Grande was to continue a <a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">novena</a> for the celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Feast_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast Day">feast day</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a>, the town’s patron. As the local church in the town’s central plaza tolled its bell to gather people, Grande and the others were still driving along the narrow, dusty road. As they passed the small village of Los Mangos, the children recalled seeing groups of two or three men on the banks of the small canals lining either side of the road. Behind Grande’s vehicle was a small pickup truck that had trailed them from Aguilares. In a low voice, Grande is quoted as saying “We must do what God wants.” As the pickup came closer to the Volkswagen, a hail of bullets rained on the car. The later autopsy indicated that Grande was killed by twelve bullets from both the front and rear of the vehicle, the weapons and ammunition used common to the local police. The bullets from the front hit Grande's jaw and neck and penetrated his skull; from the rear and left, he was shot through the lower back and pelvis. When the bodies were found it appeared that Solórzano tried in vain to shield Grande with his body, while "Nelson sat quietly in his seat with a bullet in his forehead." The three children who had been given a ride were screaming in the back of the vehicle. A man whom they recognised ordered them to leave, which they did, full of panic. They passed by the bodies of the three men, not even seeing them. As they ran down the road towards El Paisnal, they heard one final shot. Covered in blood and dirt, they did not stop running until they had entered the town. </p><p>Immediately, news of the murders was transmitted to <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a>, the reigning <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_San_Salvador" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Salvador">Archbishop of San Salvador</a>, as well as to the local <a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a>, who also lived in the capital. Romero, his <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">auxiliary bishop</a> Rivera y Damas, and three Jesuits from the Provincial office all headed to El Paisnal. At 7:00 p.m., <a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Armando_Molina" title="Arturo Armando Molina">Arturo Armando Molina</a> called Romero to offer his condolences, promising a thorough investigation; newspapers later reported that Romero had called the president first. This discrepancy between the narratives of the government and the Church continued to be a developing theme throughout the period of violence that followed, ending in 1992. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumba_de_Rutilio_Grande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Tumba_de_Rutilio_Grande.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Graves of Grande (centre), Lemus (left) and Solórzano (right) fronting the altar, in the church of El Paisnal, 2019. It is the same spot where their bodies were first laid the night after their murder.</figcaption></figure> <p>The three bodies were covered in sheets and laid before the altar of the church in El Paisnal, and the Jesuit Provincial asked that a Mass be offered that “gives hope to the community and avoids the temptations to hatred or revenge.” At 10:30 pm that same evening, Archbishop Romero himself said the Mass, which lasted until midnight. The next morning, responding to a radio announcement by Romero, streams of peasants began walking to El Paisnal for a 9:00 am memorial Mass and to mourn the death of their beloved priest and his friends. The next Sunday, Romero decreed that a "single Mass” in memory of Grande at <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="San Salvador Cathedral">San Salvador Cathedral</a> was to be the only Mass said that day throughout the country. This drew criticism from other Church officials, but more than 150 priests <a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">concelebrated</a> the Mass as over 100,000 people came to the cathedral to hear Romero speak, wherein he called for an end to the violence.<sup id="cite_ref-ireland_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ireland-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jeffrey_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeffrey-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the funeral procession that would ultimately inter Grande and the other two under the foot of the altar of the church in El Paisnal, the slogan could be heard: "Rutilio's walk with El Paisnal is like Christ's <a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">journey</a> with the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">Cross</a>." </p><p>After the Mass on 12 March, Romero had spent hours listening to stories of suffering local peasant farmers, and the rest of his time in prayer. The next morning, after meeting with his priests and advisers, Romero announced that he would not attend any state occasions nor meet with President Molina – both traditional activities for his longtime predecessor – until the death was investigated. As no investigation ever was conducted, this decision meant that Romero never attended state occasions throughout his three-year reign as archbishop.<sup id="cite_ref-ireland_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ireland-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also appointed another Jesuit, <a href="/wiki/Jon_de_Cortina" title="Jon de Cortina">Jon de Cortina</a>, to succeed Grande as <a href="/wiki/Parish_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish priest">parish priest</a>. Romero's <a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">sermon</a> said, in part: </p> <dl><dd>“The true reason for [Grande's] death was his prophetic and pastoral efforts to raise the consciousness of the people throughout his parish. Father Grande, without offending and forcing himself upon his flock in the practice of their religion, was only slowly forming a genuine community of <a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">faith, hope, and love</a> among them, he was making them aware of their dignity as individuals, of their basic rights. His was an effort toward comprehensive human development. This post-<a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican Council</a> ecclesiastical effort is certainly not agreeable to everyone, because it awakens the consciousness of the people. It is work that disturbs many; and to end it, it was necessary to liquidate its proponent. In our case, Father Rutilio Grande.”<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oas2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oas2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canonization_process">Canonization process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutilio_Grande&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Canonization process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The canonization process for Grande, opened in March 2014 by the Archbishop of San Salvador, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Escobar_Alas" title="José Luis Escobar Alas">José Luis Escobar</a>, was ceremonially closed on Aug. 16, 2016. The documents concerning the process were submitted to Rome, where it is being handled by the Jesuits.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2018, the Salvadoran Ambassador to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> noted that <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> was a strong advocate of the canonization of Rutilio Grande, whose path to sainthood had been delayed by "misunderstandings and slander."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early in 2019, when Pope Francis was asked on the cause for Rutilio's beatification, he replied that "well informed people tell me that the declaration of martyrdom is going well."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Holy See announced on 21 February 2020, that <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>, having met with the prefect of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a>, formally approved the beatification of Father Grande and his two lay companions, though the rite was delayed due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, hence a tentative date of August 2020 was scrapped.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beatification Mass was eventually celebrated on 22 January 2022, with Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Rosa_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Gregorio Rosa Chávez">Gregorio Rosa Chávez</a> presiding on the Pope's behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutilio_Grande&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A1rtir_Rutilio_Grande_-_Vitrina_Sala_de_M%C3%A1rtires_-_UCA_-_El_Salvador.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M%C3%A1rtir_Rutilio_Grande_-_Vitrina_Sala_de_M%C3%A1rtires_-_UCA_-_El_Salvador.jpg/220px-M%C3%A1rtir_Rutilio_Grande_-_Vitrina_Sala_de_M%C3%A1rtires_-_UCA_-_El_Salvador.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M%C3%A1rtir_Rutilio_Grande_-_Vitrina_Sala_de_M%C3%A1rtires_-_UCA_-_El_Salvador.jpg/330px-M%C3%A1rtir_Rutilio_Grande_-_Vitrina_Sala_de_M%C3%A1rtires_-_UCA_-_El_Salvador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M%C3%A1rtir_Rutilio_Grande_-_Vitrina_Sala_de_M%C3%A1rtires_-_UCA_-_El_Salvador.jpg/440px-M%C3%A1rtir_Rutilio_Grande_-_Vitrina_Sala_de_M%C3%A1rtires_-_UCA_-_El_Salvador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Museum exhibit about Rutilio Grande</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1977, after the murder of Rutilio Grande, many wanted to pay tribute to his work and life, and all the country's artists were summoned to do so. Faced with silence and fear of reprisals towards artists, the Spanish painter and sculptor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gross" title="Pedro Gross">Pedro Gross</a> made a monument to Grande. Days after its inauguration, the bust was blasted with dynamite, the artist suffered threats and an attack that he escaped unscathed. He and his family fled the country. </p><p>The 1989 biography film <i><a href="/wiki/Romero_(film)" title="Romero (film)">Romero</a></i> (1989) depicts Grande's friendship with Romero, his community work and activism, and his assassination. In the film, Grande's death becomes a major motivation in Romero's shift toward an activist role within the church and the nation. This view is supported in various biographies of Romero.<sup id="cite_ref-ireland_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ireland-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reflect_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reflect-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 March 1991, a group of Salvadorans returning from Nicaragua after 11 years of being refugees founded Comunidad Rutilio Grande. Among the group's many projects is "Radio Rutilio," a radio station featuring local youth as broadcasters of community news and announcements.<sup id="cite_ref-milwaukee_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milwaukee-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community also participates in a partnership with a <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> congregation in the United States to provide secondary education to children in the Rutilio Grande community.<sup id="cite_ref-milwauk06_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milwauk06-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the community has also maintained a <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister city</a> relationship with the town of <a href="/wiki/Davis,_California" title="Davis, California">Davis, California</a> since 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-davisca_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davisca-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2005, Grande's nephew Orlando Erazo was the parish priest in El Paisnal.<sup id="cite_ref-jeffrey_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeffrey-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The life and ministry of Grande is depicted in "Monsenor: The Last Journey of Oscar Romero", produced by the Kellogg Institute at the University of Notre Dame in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutilio_Grande&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/af5bc21413a72d7ce954275a95e4a8fc">"Pope OKs beatification for Rutilio Grande, Salvadoran martyr"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. 2 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Pope+OKs+beatification+for+Rutilio+Grande%2C+Salvadoran+martyr&rft.date=2021-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Faf5bc21413a72d7ce954275a95e4a8fc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CN_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhina_Guidos2021" class="citation web cs1">Rhina Guidos (27 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-americas/2021/08/el-salvador-sets-date-for-four-beatifications-in-january/">"El Salvador sets date for four beatifications in January"</a>. Crux Now<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Salvador+sets+date+for+four+beatifications+in+January&rft.pub=Crux+Now&rft.date=2021-08-27&rft.au=Rhina+Guidos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcruxnow.com%2Fchurch-in-the-americas%2F2021%2F08%2Fel-salvador-sets-date-for-four-beatifications-in-january%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Kelly, <i>When the Gospel Grows Feet: Rutilio Grande, S.J. and the Church of El Salvador, An Ecclesiology in Context</i> (Liturgical Press, 2013) Chapter 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_Kelly_2013-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Kelly_2013_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Kelly_2013_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Kelly, <i>When the Gospel Grows Feet</i>, (Liturgical Press, 2013) Chapter 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewitness.org/agw/mulligan.050802.html">Mulligan S.J., Joseph E., "Remembering a Salvadoran Martyr"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Kelly, <i>When the Gospel Grows Feet</i>, (Liturgical Press, 2013) Chapter 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Kelly, <i>When the Gospel Grows Feet</i>, (Liturgical Press, 2013) Chs. 7-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scott_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://justgoodcompany.org/1.2/scott.htm">Scott, Bea. "Archbishop Oscar Romero: A Saint for the Rest of Us", <i>Just Good Company: A cyber journal of religion and culture</i>, April 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lernoux-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lernoux_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Penny Lernoux, <i>The Cry of the People</i>, New York: Penguin Books, 1982.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.share-elsalvador.org/2011/03/commemorating-father-rutilio-grande.html">"Commemorating Father Rutilio Grande", May 24, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For greater detail see, Thomas Kelly, <i>When the Gospel Grows Feet</i>, (Liturgical Press, 2013) Chs. 7-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a complete translation of this homily with context and commentary, see also <i>Rutilio Grande, S.J.: Homilies and Writings</i>, (Liturgical Press, 2015) Ch. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oas2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oas2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oas2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/ElSalvador78eng/chap.2.htm">Report on the Situation of Human Rights in El Salvador, Chapter II: Right to Life</a>, Organization of American States' Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (translated from Spanish), November 17, 1978,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ireland-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ireland_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ireland_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ireland_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicireland.net/pages/index.php?nd=68&art=91">"Óscar Romero"</a>, by Haydee Rodriguez, <i>CatholicIreland.net</i>, originally for the Irish Jesuit publication <i>AMDG</i> (undated) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050214204028/http://www.catholicireland.net/pages/index.php?nd=68&art=91">Archived</a> February 14, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jeffrey-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jeffrey_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jeffrey_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Jeffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncronline.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2005b/041505/041505a.php">After 25 years 'St. Romero of the World' still inspires</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060424150509/http://ncronline.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2005b/041505/041505a.php">Archived</a> 24 April 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>, April 15, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For full homily translated with commentary see Rutilio Grande, S.J.: Homilies and Writings, (Liturgical Press, 2015) Ch. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polycarpi.blogspot.com/2016/08/rutilio-grande-cause-advances.html">"Rutilio Grande cause advances"</a>, <i>Super Martyrio</i>, 18 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Super+Martyrio&rft.atitle=Rutilio+Grande+cause+advances&rft.date=2016-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolycarpi.blogspot.com%2F2016%2F08%2Frutilio-grande-cause-advances.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArocho_Esteves2018" class="citation cs2">Arocho Esteves, Junno (2 March 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/pope-wants-canonization-slain-jesuit-move-forward-ambassador-says">"Pope wants canonization of slain Jesuit to move forward, ambassador says"</a>, <i>National Catholic Reporter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Pope+wants+canonization+of+slain+Jesuit+to+move+forward%2C+ambassador+says&rft.date=2018-03-02&rft.aulast=Arocho+Esteves&rft.aufirst=Junno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fpope-wants-canonization-slain-jesuit-move-forward-ambassador-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_Francis2019" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (14 February 2019), <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Spadaro" title="Antonio Spadaro">Spadaro, Antonio</a> (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laciviltacattolica.com/put-your-lives-at-stake/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Put your lives at stake': Pope Francis in dialogue with the Jesuits of Central America"</a>, <i>La Civilità Catolica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Civilit%C3%A0+Catolica&rft.atitle=%27Put+your+lives+at+stake%27%3A+Pope+Francis+in+dialogue+with+the+Jesuits+of+Central+America&rft.date=2019-02-14&rft.au=Pope+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaciviltacattolica.com%2Fput-your-lives-at-stake%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222214302/https://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2020/pope-clears-way-for-beatification-of-salvadoran-jesuit-companions.cfm">"Pope clears way for beatification of Salvadoran Jesuit, companions"</a>. 22 February 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2020/pope-clears-way-for-beatification-of-salvadoran-jesuit-companions.cfm">the original</a> on 22 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pope+clears+way+for+beatification+of+Salvadoran+Jesuit%2C+companions&rft.date=2020-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnews.com%2Fservices%2Fenglishnews%2F2020%2Fpope-clears-way-for-beatification-of-salvadoran-jesuit-companions.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2022-01/church-in-el-salvador-celebrates-beatification-of-four-martyrs.html">"Church in El Salvador celebrates beatification of four martyrs of justice - Vatican News"</a>. 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+in+El+Salvador+celebrates+beatification+of+four+martyrs+of+justice+-+Vatican+News&rft.date=2022-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fchurch%2Fnews%2F2022-01%2Fchurch-in-el-salvador-celebrates-beatification-of-four-martyrs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reflect-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reflect_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jon Sobrino, SJ, trans. Robert R. Barr, <i>Archbishop Romero: Memories and Reflections</i>, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-milwaukee-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-milwaukee_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milwaukeesynod.org/salvador/rutilio.htm">Greater Milwaukee Synod Sister Community: Rutilio Grande</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060111212108/http://www.milwaukeesynod.org/salvador/rutilio.htm">Archived</a> 2006-01-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (accessed August 25, 2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-milwauk06-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-milwauk06_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milwaukeesynod.org/salvador/ESnews06.pdf">Greater Milwaukee Synod El Salvador Committee Newsletter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415161658/http://milwaukeesynod.org/salvador/ESnews06.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-04-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-davisca-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-davisca_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofdavis.org/cmo/sistercities/rutiliogrande.cfm">Sister Cities: Rutilio Grande</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070228012243/http://www.cityofdavis.org/cmo/sistercities/rutiliogrande.cfm">Archived</a> 2007-02-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDear2012" class="citation news cs1">Dear, John (17 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/road-peace/oscar-romero-shines-documentary-monsenor">"Oscar Romero shines in documentary 'Monsenor'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Oscar+Romero+shines+in+documentary+%27Monsenor%27&rft.date=2012-04-17&rft.aulast=Dear&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fblogs%2Froad-peace%2Foscar-romero-shines-documentary-monsenor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutilio_Grande&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardenal2020" class="citation book cs1">Cardenal, Rodolfo (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jesuitsources.bc.edu/the-life-passion-and-death-of-the-jesuit-rutilio-grande/"><i>The life, passion, and death of the Jesuit Rutilio Grande</i></a>. Chestnut Hill, MA: Institute of Jesuit Sources. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781947617063" title="Special:BookSources/9781947617063"><bdi>9781947617063</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life%2C+passion%2C+and+death+of+the+Jesuit+Rutilio+Grande&rft.place=Chestnut+Hill%2C+MA&rft.pub=Institute+of+Jesuit+Sources&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781947617063&rft.aulast=Cardenal&rft.aufirst=Rodolfo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjesuitsources.bc.edu%2Fthe-life-passion-and-death-of-the-jesuit-rutilio-grande%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrande2015" class="citation book cs1">Grande, Rutilio (2015). Kelly, Thomas (ed.). <i>Homilies and Writings</i>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814687734" title="Special:BookSources/9780814687734"><bdi>9780814687734</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homilies+and+Writings&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780814687734&rft.aulast=Grande&rft.aufirst=Rutilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaier2001" class="citation book cs1">Maier, Martin (2001). <i>Oscar Romero: Meister der Spiritualität</i>. Herder. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783451050725" title="Special:BookSources/9783451050725"><bdi>9783451050725</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oscar+Romero%3A+Meister+der+Spiritualit%C3%A4t&rft.pub=Herder&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9783451050725&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutilio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutilio_Grande&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creighton.academia.edu/ThomasKelly">Thomas Kelly | Creighton University - Academia.edu</a>. Contains a number of shorter articles on the life, ministry, and death of Rutilio Grande.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923180301/http://crispaz.org/news/snet/1997/0197.pdf">Remembrances and Discussion of Rutilio Grande</a>, CRISPAZ (Christians for Peace in El Salvador), SalvaNet, May/June 1997 (pp. 8–11)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uca.edu.sv/publica/cartas/ci371.html">Carta a las Iglesias</a> (Letter to the Churches), <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Centroamericana_%22Jos%C3%A9_Sime%C3%B3n_Ca%C3%B1as%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas"">Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas"</a>, Year 17, No. 371, February 1–15, 1997 (in Spanish - full edition devoted to Rutilio Grande and his legacy, includes text of the February, 1977 sermon)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catholicstudies.georgetown.edu/events/life-and-beatification-of-rutilio-grande-sj/">The Life and Beatification of the Jesuit Rutilio Grande</a></i>. A site at Georgetown University erected on the occasion of the beatification in January 2022 and including a panel discussion with poet <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Forch%C3%A9" title="Carolyn Forché">Carolyn Forché</a>, theologian <a href="/wiki/David_Hollenbach" title="David Hollenbach">David Hollenbach</a>, community organizer Abel Nunez <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carecendc.org/">CARECEN</a></i>, and Congressmen <a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">James McGovern</a> (D-Mass) and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Vargas" title="Juan Vargas">Juan Vargas</a> (D-Calif). The site includes a historical sketch of the assassination and links to other resources.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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sentiment</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By<br />incident</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_New_Testament" title="Persecution of Christians in the New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Rome" title="Great Fire of Rome">Great Fire of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_in_Lyon" title="Persecution in Lyon">Persecution in Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decian_persecution" title="Decian persecution">Decian persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecution" title="Diocletianic Persecution">Diocletianic Persecution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians#Early_Middle_Ages" title="Persecution of Christians">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homs_revolts_(854%E2%80%93855)" title="Homs revolts (854–855)">Homs revolts (854–855)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Martyrs of Córdoba">Martyrs of Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashmurian_revolts" title="Bashmurian revolts">Bashmurian revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisrawan_campaigns_(1292%E2%80%931305)" title="Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305)">Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians#Early_Modern_period_(1500_to_1815)" title="Persecution of Christians">Early modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">Revolt in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kakure_Kirishitan" title="Kakure Kirishitan">Kakure Kirishitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captivity_of_Mangalorean_Catholics_at_Seringapatam" title="Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam">Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians#Modern_era_(1815_to_1989)" title="Persecution of Christians">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_massacre_of_1821" title="Constantinople massacre of 1821">Constantinople massacre of 1821</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1843_and_1846_massacres_in_Hakkari" title="1843 and 1846 massacres in Hakkari">1843 and 1846 massacres in Hakkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Aleppo_(1850)" title="Massacre of Aleppo (1850)">1850 Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus" title="1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus">1860 Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Massacre" title="Tianjin Massacre">Tianjin Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucheng_massacre" title="Kucheng massacre">Kucheng massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c%27s_Catholic_persecution" title="Tự Đức's Catholic persecution">Tự Đức's Catholic persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Hamidian massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Diyarbekir_(1895)" title="Massacres of Diyarbekir (1895)">Diyarbekir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candia_massacre" title="Candia massacre">Candia massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Great Famine of Mount Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmit_massacres" title="İzmit massacres">İzmit massacres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristero_War" title="Cristero War">Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shusha_massacre" title="Shusha massacre">Shusha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Terror_(Spain)" title="Red Terror (Spain)">Red Terror (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany">Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_pogrom" title="Istanbul pogrom">Istanbul pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Thursday_(Lebanon)" title="Black Thursday (Lebanon)">Black Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouf_massacres" class="mw-redirect" title="Chouf massacres">Chouf massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damour_massacre" title="Damour massacre">Damour massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_War_(Lebanon)" title="Mountain War (Lebanon)">Mountain War (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumgait_pogrom" title="Sumgait pogrom">Sumgait pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_sectarian_conflict" title="Maluku sectarian conflict">Maluku sectarian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_massacre" title="Nag Hammadi massacre">Nag Hammadi massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosheh_massacres" title="Kosheh massacres">Kosheh massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspero_demonstrations" title="Maspero demonstrations">Maspero demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_attacks_on_Christians_in_southeastern_Gujarat" title="1998 attacks on Christians in southeastern Gujarat">1998 attacks on Christians in southeastern Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_attacks_on_Christians_in_Dangs_district" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 attacks on Christians in Dangs district">1998 attacks on Christians in Dangs district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Ramgiri-Udaygiri_violence" title="1998 Ramgiri-Udaygiri violence">1998 Ramgiri-Udaygiri violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Ranalai_violence" title="1999 Ranalai violence">1999 Ranalai violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Christmas_violence_in_Kandhamal" title="2007 Christmas violence in Kandhamal">2007 Christmas violence in Kandhamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kandhamal_violence" title="2008 Kandhamal violence">2008 Kandhamal violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kandhamal_nun_gang_rape_case" title="2008 Kandhamal nun gang rape case">2008 Kandhamal nun gang rape case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_attacks_on_Christians_in_southern_Karnataka" title="2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka">2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_anti-Christian_violence_in_Karnataka" title="2021 anti-Christian violence in Karnataka">2021 anti-Christian violence in Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_hostage_crisis" title="Manila hostage crisis">2010 Manila hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Persecution by the Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By<br />persecutor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Early Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Agrippa I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Roman Empire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Late Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius#Persecution_of_Christians" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanaric" title="Athanaric">Athanaric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">Al-Mutawakkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Minh Mạng">Minh Mạng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Tự Đức">Tự Đức</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Jeongsun" title="Queen Jeongsun">Queen Jeongsun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranavalona_I" title="Ranavalona I">Ranavalona I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwanga_II_of_Buganda" title="Mwanga II of Buganda">Mwanga II of Buganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarco_El%C3%ADas_Calles" title="Plutarco Elías Calles">Plutarco Elías Calles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Garrido_Canabal" title="Tomás Garrido Canabal">Tomás Garrido Canabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Chongxi" title="Bai Chongxi">Bai Chongxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxha" title="Enver Hoxha">Enver Hoxha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Pashas" title="Three Pashas">Three Pashas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1921%E2%80%931928)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)">Vladimir Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1928%E2%80%931941)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1928–1941)">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea#Persecution_of_Christians_and_Buddhists" title="Human rights in North Korea">Kim Il-sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Shekau" title="Abubakar Shekau">Abubakar Shekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligious_campaigns_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party#2012–present:_Xi_Jinping_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By<br />country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Myanmar" title="Freedom of religion in Myanmar">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cambodia" title="Freedom of religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulturkampf" title="Kulturkampf">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_Christians_in_India" title="Violence against Christians in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirishitan" title="Kirishitan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Laos" title="Christianity in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism_in_Mexico" title="Anti-clericalism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_North_Korea" title="Persecution of Christians in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Pakistan" title="Persecution of Christians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Thailand" title="Christianity in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Vietnam" title="Christianity in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By<br />persecuted group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism#Persecutions_and_migrations" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">Mormons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_Mormons" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against Mormons">Violence against Mormons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Oriental_Orthodox_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Oriental Orthodox Christians">Oriental Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Copts" title="Persecution of Copts">Copts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_martyrs" title="List of Christian martyrs">list</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Saint Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Martyrs" title="Chinese Martyrs">Chinese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martyrs_of_Jasenovac" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Martyrs of Jasenovac">Saint Martyrs of Jasenovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Drina Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Martyr" title="New Martyr">New Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">North American Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/233_Spanish_Martyrs" title="233 Spanish Martyrs">233 Spanish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/498_Spanish_Martyrs" title="498 Spanish Martyrs">498 Spanish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/522_Spanish_Martyrs" title="522 Spanish Martyrs">522 Spanish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Turon" title="Martyrs of Turon">Martyrs of Turon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Daimiel" title="Martyrs of Daimiel">Martyrs of Daimiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_victims_of_Soviet_persecutions" title="Eastern Catholic victims of Soviet persecutions">Eastern Catholics in the USSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Christians" title="Category:Persecution of Christians">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Christians" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Persecution of Christians">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" 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