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<ul id="toc-Biblical_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genesis_flood_narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genesis_flood_narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Genesis flood narrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genesis_flood_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_flood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_flood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>After the flood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_flood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noah's_drunkenness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noah's_drunkenness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Noah's drunkenness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noah's_drunkenness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table_of_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table_of_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Table of nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table_of_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Narrative_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Narrative_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Narrative analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Narrative_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other accounts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_accounts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other accounts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pseudepigrapha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pseudepigrapha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pseudepigrapha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pseudepigrapha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dead_Sea_scrolls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dead_Sea_scrolls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dead Sea scrolls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dead_Sea_scrolls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religious views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religious views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mandaeism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandaeism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mandaeism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandaeism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gnosticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gnosticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Gnosticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gnosticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Druze_faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Druze_faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Druze faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Druze_faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Baháʼí Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahmadiyya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahmadiyya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Ahmadiyya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahmadiyya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparative_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparative_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Comparative mythology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparative_mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Comparative mythology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comparative_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mesopotamian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesopotamian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mesopotamian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesopotamian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ancient Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Noah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Nuh" title="Nabi Nuh – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Nabi Nuh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noag" title="Noag – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Noag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noach" title="Noach – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Noach" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%96%E1%8A%85" title="ኖኅ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኖኅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD" title="نوح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%B5" title="Նոյ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նոյ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A9" title="Noé – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Noé" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="НухӀ авараг – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="НухӀ авараг" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuh" title="Nuh – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nuh" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD" title="نوح – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نوح" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9" title="নোহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নোহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%85_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B9)" title="Нух (Ной) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нух (Ной)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ной – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ной" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ной – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ной" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe" title="Noe – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Noe" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ной – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ной" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8D" title="ནོ་ཨ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནོ་ཨ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe" title="Noe – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Noe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A8" title="Noè – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Noè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ной – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ной" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe" title="Noe – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Noe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa" title="Noa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Noa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa" title="Noa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Noa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD" title="نوح – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نوح" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noach" title="Noach – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Noach" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa" title="Noa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Noa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8E%CE%B5" title="Νώε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νώε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A9" title="Noé – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Noé" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa" title="Noa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Noa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe" title="Noe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Noe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD" title="نوح – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوح" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3a" title="Nóa – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Nóa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A9_(patriarche)" title="Noé (patriarche) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noé (patriarche)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A4ch_(bibelsk_persoan)" title="Noäch (bibelsk persoan) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noäch (bibelsk persoan)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuhu" title="Nuhu – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Nuhu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naoi_(f%C3%A1idh)" title="Naoi (fáidh) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Naoi (fáidh)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A9" title="Noé – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Noé" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%95%84" title="노아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuhu" title="Nuhu – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Nuhu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%B5" title="Նոյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="नूह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नूह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa" title="Noa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Noa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuh" title="Nuh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nuh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A8" title="Noè – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Noè" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%97" title="נח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuh" title="Nuh – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nuh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A9" title="Noé – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Noé" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D" title="ನೋಹ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೋಹ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94" title="ნოე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნოე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuhu" title="Nuhu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nuhu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BBh" title="Nûh – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nûh" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="НухӀ идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="НухӀ идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%AB" title="Noë – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Noë" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noass" title="Noass – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Noass" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nojus" title="Nojus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nojus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A9" title="Noé – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Noé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Ное – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ное" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4a" title="Nôa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nôa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9" title="നോഹ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോഹ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD" title="نوح – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوح" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD" title="نوح – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نوح" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2%CC%A4-%C4%81" title="Nò̤-ā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nò̤-ā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noach" title="Noach – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noach" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A2_(%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8)" title="ノア (聖書) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノア (聖書)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C" title="Нухь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нухь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah" title="Noah – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Noah" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah" title="Noah – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Noah" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A8" title="Noè – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Noè" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD" title="نوح – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نوح" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe" title="Noe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Noe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A9" title="Noé – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Noé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe" title="Noe – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Noe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ной – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ной" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ной – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ной" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="حضرت نوح علیہ السلام – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="حضرت نوح علیہ السلام" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa" title="Noa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Noa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu%C3%A8_(patriaca)" title="Nuè (patriaca) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nuè (patriaca)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah" title="Noah – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Noah" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe" title="Noe – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Noe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe" title="Noe – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Noe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AD" title="نووح – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نووح" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Ноје – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ноје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa" title="Noa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Noa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nooa" title="Nooa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nooa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa" title="Noa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Noa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe" title="Noe – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Noe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE" title="நோவா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோவா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%85" title="Нух – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нух" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81" title="నోవహు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నోవహు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="โนอาห์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โนอาห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuh" title="Nuh – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nuh" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ной – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ной" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD" title="نوح – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%87%DA%BE_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نۇھ ئەلەيھىسسالام – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نۇھ ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Revered figure in Abrahamic traditions</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the man in the Bible. For the name, see <a href="/wiki/Noah_(name)" title="Noah (name)">Noah (name)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Noah_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Noah (disambiguation)">Noah (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #D3D3D3; color:black;"><div class="fn">Noah</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Noah_-_NG.M.03497_-_National_Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Design_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Noah_-_NG.M.03497_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Noah_-_NG.M.03497_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Noah_-_NG.M.03497_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Noah_-_NG.M.03497_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Noah_-_NG.M.03497_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Noah_-_NG.M.03497_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="761" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Detail from <i>The Sacrifice of Noah</i> by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli" title="Giovanni Battista Gaulli">Giovanni Battista Gaulli</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #D3D3D3; color:black;">Personal life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data">on a hill at <a href="/wiki/Karak_Nuh" title="Karak Nuh">Karak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> (major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">Shrine</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wives aboard Noah's Ark</a> (names unspecified in some traditions)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japheth" title="Japheth">Japheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Ham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Lamech</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #D3D3D3; color:black;">Religious life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Druze_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Druze faith">Druze faith</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana_2008_17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Noah</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">נֹחַ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Nōaḥ</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'rest' or 'consolation', also <b>Noach</b>) appears as the last of the <a href="/wiki/Antediluvian" title="Antediluvian">Antediluvian</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">patriarchs</a> in the traditions of <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>. His story appears in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>, chapters 5–9), the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_literature" title="Baháʼí literature">Baha'i writings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Extra-canonical" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra-canonical">extracanonically</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a> is among the best-known stories of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. In this account, God "regrets" making mankind because they filled the world with evil. Noah then labors faithfully to build the <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Ark</a> at <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>'s command, ultimately saving not only his own family, but mankind itself and all land animals, from extinction during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Flood">Flood</a>. Afterwards, God makes a <a href="/wiki/Covenant_(biblical)" title="Covenant (biblical)">covenant</a> with Noah and promises never again to destroy the earth with a flood. Noah is also portrayed as a "tiller of the soil" who is the first to cultivate the vine. After the flood, God commands Noah and his sons to "be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story of Noah in the Pentateuch is similar to the flood narrative in the Mesopotamian <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i>, composed around 1800 BC, where a hero builds an ark to survive a divinely sent flood. Scholars suggest that the biblical account was influenced by earlier Mesopotamian traditions, with notable parallels in plot elements and structure. Comparisons are also drawn between Noah and the Greek hero <a href="/wiki/Deucalion" title="Deucalion">Deucalion</a>, who, like Noah, is warned of a flood, builds an ark, and sends a bird to check on the flood's aftermath. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_narrative">Biblical narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biblical narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noah_mosaic.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Noah_mosaic.JPG/250px-Noah_mosaic.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Noah_mosaic.JPG/330px-Noah_mosaic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Noah_mosaic.JPG/500px-Noah_mosaic.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1756" /></a><figcaption>12th-century Venetian <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> depiction of Noah sending the <a href="/wiki/Dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove">dove</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tenth and final of the pre-Flood (<a href="/wiki/Antediluvian" title="Antediluvian">antediluvian</a>) Patriarchs, son to <a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Lamech</a> and a mother whose name is unmentioned,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noah is 500 years old before his sons <a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ham,_son_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham, son of Noah">Ham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japheth" title="Japheth">Japheth</a> are born.<sup id="cite_ref-Bechtel_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bechtel-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genesis_flood_narrative">Genesis flood narrative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genesis flood narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a></div> <p>The Genesis flood narrative is encompassed within chapters 6–9 in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The narrative indicates that <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">God</a> intended to return the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> to its pre-Creation state of watery <a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">chaos</a> by flooding the Earth because of humanity's misdeeds and then remake it using the microcosm of <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_ark" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah's ark">Noah's ark</a>. Thus, the flood was no ordinary overflow but a reversal of <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Creation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandstra2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandstra2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The narrative discusses the evil of mankind that moved God to destroy the world by way of the flood, the preparation of the ark for certain animals, Noah, and his family, and God's guarantee (the <a href="/wiki/Noahic_Covenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Noahic Covenant">Noahic Covenant</a>) for the continued existence of life under the promise that he would never send another flood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotter200349,_50_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotter200349,_50-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_flood">After the flood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After the flood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Covenant_(biblical)#Noahic" title="Covenant (biblical)">Covenant (biblical) § Noahic</a></div> <p>After the flood, Noah offered burnt offerings to God. God accepted the sacrifice, and made a covenant with Noah, and through him with all mankind, that he would not waste the earth or destroy man by another deluge.<sup id="cite_ref-Bechtel_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bechtel-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a pledge of this gracious covenant with man and beast the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_covenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow covenant">rainbow</a> was set in the clouds (ib. viii. 15–22, ix. 8–17). Two injunctions were laid upon Noah: While the eating of animal food was permitted, abstinence from blood was strictly enjoined; and the shedding of the blood of man by man was made a crime punishable by death at the hands of man (ib. ix. 3–6).<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEnyc-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noah, as the last of the extremely long-lived <a href="/wiki/Antediluvian" title="Antediluvian">Antediluvian</a> patriarchs, died 350 years after the flood, at the age of 950, when <a href="/wiki/Terah" title="Terah">Terah</a> was 128.<sup id="cite_ref-Bechtel_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bechtel-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maximum human lifespan, as depicted by the Bible, gradually diminishes thereafter, from almost 1,000 years to the 120 years of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noah's_drunkenness"><span id="Noah.27s_drunkenness"></span>Noah's drunkenness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Noah's drunkenness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Ham" title="Curse of Ham">Curse of Ham</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egerton_Genesis_Noahs_Drunkeness.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Egerton_Genesis_Noahs_Drunkeness.png/250px-Egerton_Genesis_Noahs_Drunkeness.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Egerton_Genesis_Noahs_Drunkeness.png/330px-Egerton_Genesis_Noahs_Drunkeness.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Egerton_Genesis_Noahs_Drunkeness.png/500px-Egerton_Genesis_Noahs_Drunkeness.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>Noah's drunkenness, Ham mocks Noah, Noah is covered, Canaan is cursed. Egerton Genesis.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the flood, the Bible says that Noah became a <a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">farmer</a> and he planted a <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyard</a>. He drank <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> made from this vineyard, and got <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">drunk</a>; and lay "uncovered" within his tent. Noah's son Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father naked and told his brothers, which led to Ham's son <a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Ham" title="Curse of Ham">Canaan being cursed</a> by Noah.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEnyc-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as the <a href="/wiki/Classical_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical era">Classical era</a>, commentators on Genesis 9:20–21<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have excused Noah's excessive drinking because he was considered to be the first wine drinker; the first person to discover the effects of wine.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Constantinople">Archbishop of Constantinople</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Church_Father" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Father">Church Father</a>, wrote in the 4th century that Noah's behavior is defensible: as the first human to taste wine, he would not know its effects: "Through ignorance and inexperience of the proper amount to drink, fell into a drunken stupor".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1990202–203_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1990202–203-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy" title="Hellenistic philosophy">Hellenistic</a> Jewish philosopher, also excused Noah by noting that one can drink in two different manners: (1) to drink wine in excess, a peculiar sin to the vicious evil man or (2) to partake of wine as the wise man, Noah being the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Jewish_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish tradition">Jewish tradition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noah_in_rabbinic_literature#His_lapse" title="Noah in rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature on Noah</a>, rabbis blame <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> for the intoxicating properties of the wine.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEnyc-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noah-Curses-Ham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Noah-Curses-Ham.jpg/250px-Noah-Curses-Ham.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Noah-Curses-Ham.jpg/330px-Noah-Curses-Ham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Noah-Curses-Ham.jpg/340px-Noah-Curses-Ham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption><i>Noah curses Ham</i> by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the context of Noah's drunkenness,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> relates two facts: (1) Noah became drunken and "he was uncovered within his tent", and (2) <a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Ham</a> "saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashkow200453_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERashkow200453-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bergsma/Hahn_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergsma/Hahn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of its brevity and textual inconsistencies, it has been suggested that this narrative is a "splinter from a more substantial tale".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeiser196462_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeiser196462-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fuller account would explain what exactly Ham had done to his father, or why Noah directed a curse at <a href="/wiki/Canaan_(son_of_Ham)" title="Canaan (son of Ham)">Canaan</a> for Ham's misdeed, or how Noah realised what had occurred. In the field of <a href="/wiki/Psychological_biblical_criticism" title="Psychological biblical criticism">psychological biblical criticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Harold_Ellens" title="J. Harold Ellens">J. H. Ellens</a> and W. G. Rollins have analysed the unconventional behavior that occurs between Noah and Ham as revolving around sexuality and the exposure of genitalia as compared with other Hebrew Bible texts, such as Habakkuk 2:15<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Lamentations 4:21.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashkow200453_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERashkow200453-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other commentaries mention that "uncovering someone's nakedness" could mean having <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">sexual intercourse</a> with that person or that person's spouse, as quoted in Leviticus 18:7–8<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 20.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this interpretation comes the speculation that Ham was guilty of engaging in incest and raping Noah<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevenson200426_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson200426-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or his own mother. The latter interpretation would clarify why Canaan, as the product of this illicit union, was cursed by Noah.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergsma/Hahn_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergsma/Hahn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, Canaan could be the perpetrator himself as the Bible describes the illicit deed being committed by Noah's "youngest son", with Ham being consistently described as the middle son in other verses.<sup id="cite_ref-Kugle_1998_223_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kugle_1998_223-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Table_of_nations">Table of nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Table of nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Noah" title="Generations of Noah">Generations of Noah</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noahsworld_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Noahsworld_map.jpg/170px-Noahsworld_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Noahsworld_map.jpg/255px-Noahsworld_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Noahsworld_map.jpg/340px-Noahsworld_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>The dispersion of the descendants of Shem, Ham, and Japheth (map from the 1854 <i>Historical Textbook and Atlas of Biblical Geography</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Genesis 10<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sets forth the descendants of Shem, Ham, and Japheth, from whom the nations branched out over the Earth after the flood. Among Japheth's descendants were the maritime nations (10:2–5). Ham's son <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Cush" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Cush">Cush</a> had a son named <a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a>, who became the first man of might on earth, a hunter, king in <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> and the land of <a href="/wiki/Shinar" title="Shinar">Shinar</a> (10:6–10). From there <a href="/wiki/Ashur_(Bible)" title="Ashur (Bible)">Ashur</a> went and built <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>. (10:11–12) Canaan's descendants –  Sidon, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hittites" title="Biblical Hittites">Heth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jebusite" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebusite">Jebusites</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Amorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite">Amorites</a>, the Girgashites, the <a href="/wiki/Hivites" title="Hivites">Hivites</a>, the Arkites, the Sinites, the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites –  spread out from <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Gerar" title="Gerar">Gerar</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a>, and as far as <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a> (10:15–19). Among Shem's descendants was <a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a> (10:21). </p><p>These genealogies differ structurally from those set out in Genesis 5 and 11. It has a segmented or treelike structure, going from one father to many offspring. It is strange that the table, which assumes that the population is distributed about the Earth, precedes the account of the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a>, which says that all the population is in one place before it is dispersed.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genesis 5:1–32 transmits a genealogy of the Sethites down to Noah, which is taken from the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_source" title="Priestly source">priestly</a> tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A genealogy of the Canites from the <a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwistic</a> tradition is found in Genesis 4:17–26.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biblical scholars see these as variants on one and the same list.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, if we take the merged text of Genesis as a single account, we can construct the following family tree, which has come down in this form into the Jewish and Christian traditions. </p> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain)" title="Enoch (son of Cain)">Enoch</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)" title="Enos (biblical figure)">Enos</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Irad,_son_of_Enoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Irad, son of Enoch">Irad</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:18-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Kenan" title="Kenan">Kenan</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mehujael" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehujael">Mehujael</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:18-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mahalalel" title="Mahalalel">Mahalalel</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Methushael" class="mw-redirect" title="Methushael">Methushael</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:18-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Jared_(biblical_figure)" title="Jared (biblical figure)">Jared</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Adah_(wife_of_Lamech)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adah (wife of Lamech)">Adah</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:19_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:19-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(descendant_of_Cain)" title="Lamech (descendant of Cain)">Lamech</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:18-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Zillah_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zillah (biblical figure)">Zillah</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:19_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:19-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Jabal_(Bible)" title="Jabal (Bible)">Jabal</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Jubal_(Bible)" title="Jubal (Bible)">Jubal</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Tubal-cain" title="Tubal-cain">Tubal-Cain</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:22_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:22-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Naamah_(Genesis)" title="Naamah (Genesis)">Naamah</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:22_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:22-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Methuselah" title="Methuselah">Methuselah</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Lamech</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noah</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>r<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_5:32-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Ham</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_5:32-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Japheth" title="Japheth">Japheth</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_5:32-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">נֹחַ</span>‎</span> <i>Nōaḥ</i>; <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>: <span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܢܘܚ</span> <i>Nōḥ</i>; <a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a>: <span lang="am">ኖህ</span>, <i>Noḥ</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نُوح</span> <i><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Nūḥ</i></span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Νῶε</span> <i>Nôe</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_4:1-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:25; 5:3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:26; 5:6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_4:18-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:9–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:12–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:15–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_4:19-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:19_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:19_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:18–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_4:22-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:22_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:22_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:21–22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:25–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:28–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_5:32-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:32</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Narrative_analysis">Narrative analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Narrative analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">documentary hypothesis</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Five_Books_Of_Moses" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Books Of Moses">five books of the Bible</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a>/<a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>), including Genesis, were collated during the 5th century BC from four main sources, which themselves date from no earlier than the 10th century BC. Two of these, the <a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwist</a>, composed in the 10th century BC, and the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_source" title="Priestly source">Priestly source</a>, from the late 7th century BC, make up the chapters of Genesis which concern Noah. The attempt by the 5th-century editor to accommodate two independent and sometimes conflicting sources accounts for the confusion over such matters as how many of each animal Noah took, and how long the flood lasted.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible</i> notes that this story echoes parts of the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> story: Noah is the first vintner, while Adam is the first farmer; both have problems with their produce; both stories involve nakedness; and both involve a division between brothers leading to a curse. However, after the flood, the stories differ. It is Noah, not God, who plants the vineyard and utters the curse, so "God is less involved".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_accounts">Other accounts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the main story in Genesis, the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> (Christian <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>) also refers to Noah in the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">First Book of Chronicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>. References in the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical books</a> include the books of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirach">Sirach</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a> and <a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> references include the gospels of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a>, and some of the epistles (<a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a>). </p><p>Noah became the subject of much elaboration in the literature of later Abrahamic religions, including <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">Surahs</a> <a href="/wiki/Sura_71" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura 71">71</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sura_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura 7">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sura_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura 11">11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qamar" title="Al-Qamar">54</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sura_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura 21">21</a> of the Quran) and the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gems_of_Divine_Mysteries" title="Gems of Divine Mysteries">Gems of Divine Mysteries</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pseudepigrapha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Book of Jubilees</a> refers to Noah and says that he was taught the arts of healing by an angel, so that his children could overcome "the offspring of the <a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watchers</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 10:1–3 of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Book of Enoch</a> (which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon</a>) and canonical for <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a> was dispatched by "the Most High" to inform Noah of the approaching "deluge".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dead_Sea_scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dead Sea scrolls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genesis_apocryphon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Genesis_apocryphon.jpg/250px-Genesis_apocryphon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Genesis_apocryphon.jpg/330px-Genesis_apocryphon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Genesis_apocryphon.jpg/500px-Genesis_apocryphon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Apocryphon" title="Genesis Apocryphon">Genesis Apocryphon</a>, a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> that features Noah</figcaption></figure> <p>There are 20 or so fragments of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_scrolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Sea scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</a> that appear to refer to Noah.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Schiffman" title="Lawrence Schiffman">Lawrence Schiffman</a> writes, "Among the Dead Sea Scrolls at least three different versions of this legend are preserved."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, "The <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Apocryphon" title="Genesis Apocryphon">Genesis Apocryphon</a> devotes considerable space to Noah." However, "The material seems to have little in common with Genesis 5 which reports the birth of Noah." Also, Noah's father is reported as worrying that his son was actually fathered by one of the <a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watchers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religious views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Noah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Noah in rabbinic literature">Noah in rabbinic literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noach_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noach (parsha)">Noach (parsha)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ararat_Ms._11639_521a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ararat_Ms._11639_521a.jpg/250px-Ararat_Ms._11639_521a.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Ararat_Ms._11639_521a.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>A Jewish depiction of Noah</figcaption></figure> <p>The righteousness of Noah is the subject of much discussion among rabbis.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEnyc-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The description of Noah as "righteous in his generation" implied to some that his perfection was only relative: In his generation of wicked people, he could be considered righteous, but in the generation of a <i><a href="/wiki/Tzadik" title="Tzadik">tzadik</a></i> like <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, he would not be considered so righteous. They point out that Noah did not pray to God on behalf of those about to be destroyed, as Abraham prayed for the wicked of <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a>. In fact, Noah is never seen to speak; he simply listens to God and acts on his orders. This led some commentators to offer the figure of Noah as "the righteous man in a fur coat," who ensured his own comfort while ignoring his neighbour.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others, such as the medieval commentator <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, held on the contrary that the building of the Ark was stretched over 120 years, deliberately in order to give sinners time to repent. Rashi interprets his father's statement of the naming of Noah (in Hebrew – Noaħ נֹחַ). "This one will comfort us (in Hebrew– yeNaĦamenu יְנַחֲמֵנו) in our work and in the toil of our hands, which come from the ground that the Lord had cursed"<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some interpret this as meaning Noah heralded a new era of prosperity, when there was an easing (in Hebrew, naħah נחה) of the curse from Adam's time, when the Earth produced thorns and thistles even where men sowed wheat. It is said that Noah introduced the plow, symbolizing this relief.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>, "The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> contains two accounts of Noah." In the first, Noah is the hero of the flood, and in the second, he is the father of mankind and a husbandman who planted the first vineyard. "The disparity of character between these two narratives has caused some critics to insist that the subject of the latter account was not the same as the subject of the former."<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEnyc-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Judaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Judaica">Encyclopedia Judaica</a></i> notes that Noah's drunkenness is not presented as reprehensible behavior. Rather, "It is clear that ... Noah’s venture into viticulture provides the setting for the castigation of Israel’s Canaanite neighbors." It was Ham who committed an offense when he viewed his father's nakedness. Yet, "Noah’s curse, ... is strangely aimed at Canaan rather than the disrespectful Ham."<sup id="cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skolnik287-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mandaeism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a>, Noah (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡍࡅ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">Nu</i></span>) is mentioned in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Ginza_Rabba/Right_Ginza/Book_18" class="extiw" title="s:Translation:Ginza Rabba/Right Ginza/Book 18">Book 18</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Right_Ginza" title="Right Ginza">Right Ginza</a></i>. In the text, <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wife" title="Noah's wife">Noah's wife</a> is named as Nuraita (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡍࡅࡓࡀࡉࡕࡀ</span>), while his son is named as Shum (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a>; <a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡔࡅࡌ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">Šum</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-GR_Gelbert_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR_Gelbert-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR_Lidzbarski_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR_Lidzbarski-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noah_catacombe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Noah_catacombe.jpg/150px-Noah_catacombe.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Noah_catacombe.jpg/225px-Noah_catacombe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Noah_catacombe.jpg/300px-Noah_catacombe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>An early Christian depiction showing Noah giving the gesture of <a href="/wiki/Orant" class="mw-redirect" title="Orant">orant</a> as the dove returns</figcaption></figure> <p>2 Peter 2:5 refers to Noah as a "preacher of righteousness".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke, Jesus compares Noah's flood with the coming <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Judgement">Day of Judgement</a>: "Just as it was in the days of Noah, so too it will be in the days of the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_man_(Christianity)" title="Son of man (Christianity)">Son of Man</a>. For in the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark; and they knew nothing about what would happen until the flood came and took them all away. That is how it will be at the coming of the Son of Man."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">First Epistle of Peter</a> compares the power of <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> with the Ark saving those who were in it. In later Christian thought, the Ark came to be compared to the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a>: <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvation</a> was to be found only within Christ and his Lordship, as in Noah's time it had been found only within the Ark. <a href="/wiki/St_Augustine_of_Hippo" class="mw-redirect" title="St Augustine of Hippo">St Augustine of Hippo</a> (354–430), demonstrated in <i><a href="/wiki/The_City_of_God_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The City of God (book)">The City of God</a></i> that the dimensions of the Ark corresponded to the dimensions of the human body, which corresponds to the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">body of Christ</a>; the equation of Ark and Church is still found in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> rite of baptism, which asks God, "who of thy great mercy didst save Noah," to receive into the Church the infant about to be baptised.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/History_of_medieval_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="History of medieval Christianity">medieval Christianity</a>, Noah's three sons were generally considered as the founders of the populations of the three known <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japheth" title="Japheth">Japheth</a>/Europe, <a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a>/Asia, and <a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Ham</a>/Africa, although a rarer variation held that they represented the three classes of medieval society – the priests (Shem), the warriors (Japheth), and the peasants (Ham). In medieval Christian thought, Ham was considered to be the ancestor of the people of black Africa. So, in racialist arguments, the curse of Ham became a justification for the slavery of the black races.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, in his religious works on the development of religion, wrote about Noah and his offspring. In Newton's view, while Noah was a monotheist, the gods of pagan antiquity are identified with Noah and his descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gnosticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An important Gnostic text, the <i><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon of John</a></i>, reports that the chief <a href="/wiki/Archon_(Gnosticism)" title="Archon (Gnosticism)">archon</a> caused the flood because he desired to destroy the world he had made, but the First Thought informed Noah of the chief archon's plans, and Noah informed the remainder of humanity. Unlike the account of Genesis, not only are Noah's family saved, but many others also heed Noah's call. There is no ark in this account. According to <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Pagels" title="Elaine Pagels">Elaine Pagels</a>, "Rather, they hid in a particular place, not only Noah, but also many other people from the unshakable race. They entered that place and hid in a bright cloud."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Druze_faith">Druze faith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Druze faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> regard Noah as the second spokesman (<i>natiq</i>) after <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, who helped transmit the foundational teachings of monotheism (<i>tawhid</i>) intended for the larger audience.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwayd20093_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwayd20093-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is considered an important prophet of God among Druze, being among the seven prophets who appeared in different periods of history.<sup id="cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana_2008_17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Noah in Islam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noah%27s_Ark_by_Miskin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Noah%27s_Ark_by_Miskin.jpg/250px-Noah%27s_Ark_by_Miskin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Noah%27s_Ark_by_Miskin.jpg/330px-Noah%27s_Ark_by_Miskin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Noah%27s_Ark_by_Miskin.jpg/340px-Noah%27s_Ark_by_Miskin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption>An Islamic depiction of Noah and the ark in a 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Mughal_painting" title="Mughal painting">Mughal miniature</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Noah is a highly important figure in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and he is seen as one of the most significant of all <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets in Islam">prophets</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> contains 43 references to Noah, or <i>Nuḥ</i>, in 28 chapters, and the seventy-first chapter, <a href="/wiki/Nuh_(surah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuh (surah)"><i>Sūrah Nūḥ</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سورة نوح</span>), is named after him. His life is also spoken of in the commentaries and in Islamic legends. </p><p>Noah's narratives largely cover his preaching as well the story of the <a href="/wiki/Flood_myth" title="Flood myth">Deluge</a>. Noah's narrative sets the prototype for many of the subsequent prophetic stories, which begin with the prophet warning his people and then the community rejecting the message and facing a punishment. </p><p>Noah has several titles in Islam, based primarily on praise for him in the Quran, including "Trustworthy Messenger of God" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/26?startingVerse=107">26:107</a>) and "Grateful Servant of God" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/17?startingVerse=3">17:3</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skolnik287-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Enc_Islam_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enc_Islam-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Quran focuses on several instances from Noah's life more than others, and one of the most significant events is the Flood. God makes a <a href="/wiki/Covenant_(biblical)" title="Covenant (biblical)">covenant</a> with Noah just as he did with Abraham, <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a> later on (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/33?startingVerse=7">33:7</a></span>). Noah is later reviled by his people and reproached by them for being a mere human messenger and not an angel (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/10?startingVerse=72">10:72-74</a></span>). Moreover, the people mock Noah's words and call him a liar (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/7?startingVerse=62">7:62</a></span>), and they even suggest that Noah is possessed by a devil when the prophet ceases to preach (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/54?startingVerse=9">54:9</a></span>). Only the lowest of classes in the community join Noah in believing in God's message (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/11?startingVerse=29">11:29</a></span>), and Noah's narrative further describes him preaching both in private and public. The Quran narrates that Noah received a revelation to build an <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Ark</a>, after his people refused to believe in his message and hear the warning. The narrative goes on to describe that waters poured forth from both the earth and the Heavens, destroying all the sinners. Even one of his sons disbelieved him, stayed behind, and was drowned. After the Flood ended, the Ark rested atop <a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Mount Judi</a> (Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/11?startingVerse=44">11:44</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noah%27s_ark_and_the_deluge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Noah%27s_ark_and_the_deluge.JPG/170px-Noah%27s_ark_and_the_deluge.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Noah%27s_ark_and_the_deluge.JPG/255px-Noah%27s_ark_and_the_deluge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Noah%27s_ark_and_the_deluge.JPG/340px-Noah%27s_ark_and_the_deluge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ottoman depiction of Noah's ark and the deluge from <i><a href="/wiki/Zubdat_al-Tawarikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Zubdat al-Tawarikh">Zubdat-al Tawarikh</a></i>, 1583</figcaption></figure> <p>Also, Islamic beliefs deny the idea of Noah being the first person to drink wine and experience the aftereffects of doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skolnik287-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Enc_Islam_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enc_Islam-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quran 29:14 states that Noah had been living among the people who he was sent to for 950 years when the flood started. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Indeed, We sent Noah to his people, and he remained among them for a thousand years, less fifty. Then the Flood overtook them, while they persisted in wrongdoing.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Al-Ankabut" title="Al-Ankabut">Surah Al-Ankabut</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/29?startingVerse=14">29:14</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baháʼí_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Baháʼí Faith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Baháʼí Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> regards the Ark and the Flood as symbolic.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Baháʼí belief, only Noah's followers were spiritually alive, preserved in the ark of his teachings, as others were spiritually dead.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Baháʼí scripture <i><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a></i> endorses the Islamic belief that Noah had a large number of companions, either 40 or 72, besides his family on the Ark, and that he taught for 950 (symbolic) years before the flood.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ahmadiyya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> understanding of the Quran, the period described in the Quran is the age of his <a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispensation (period)">dispensation</a>, which extended until the time of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrahim</a> (Abraham, 950 years). The first 50 years were the years of spiritual progress, which were followed by 900 years of spiritual deterioration of the people of Noah.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparative_mythology">Comparative mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Comparative mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flood_myth" title="Flood myth">Flood myth</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparative_Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparative Mythology">Comparative Mythology</a></div> <p>Indian and Greek flood-myths also exist, although there is little evidence that they were derived from the Mesopotamian flood-myth that underlies the biblical account.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesopotamian">Mesopotamian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mesopotamian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mr._George_Smith,_the_man_who_transliterated_and_read_the_so-called_the_Babylonian_Flood_Story_of_Tablet_XI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Mr._George_Smith%2C_the_man_who_transliterated_and_read_the_so-called_the_Babylonian_Flood_Story_of_Tablet_XI.jpg/250px-Mr._George_Smith%2C_the_man_who_transliterated_and_read_the_so-called_the_Babylonian_Flood_Story_of_Tablet_XI.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Mr._George_Smith%2C_the_man_who_transliterated_and_read_the_so-called_the_Babylonian_Flood_Story_of_Tablet_XI.jpg/330px-Mr._George_Smith%2C_the_man_who_transliterated_and_read_the_so-called_the_Babylonian_Flood_Story_of_Tablet_XI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Mr._George_Smith%2C_the_man_who_transliterated_and_read_the_so-called_the_Babylonian_Flood_Story_of_Tablet_XI.jpg/500px-Mr._George_Smith%2C_the_man_who_transliterated_and_read_the_so-called_the_Babylonian_Flood_Story_of_Tablet_XI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3059" data-file-height="4054" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(Assyriologist)" title="George Smith (Assyriologist)">George Smith</a>, who transliterated and read the so-called "Babylonian Flood Story" of Tablet XI of the <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The Noah story of the Pentateuch is quite similar to a flood story contained in the Mesopotamian <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i>, composed <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1800 BCE</span>. In the Gilgamesh version, the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian gods">Mesopotamian gods</a> decide to send a great flood to destroy mankind. Various correlations between the stories of Noah and Gilgamesh (the flood, the construction of the ark, the salvation of animals, and the release of birds following the flood) have led to this story being seen as the source for the story of Noah. The few variations include the number of days of the deluge, the order of the birds, and the name of the mountain on which the ark rests. The flood story in Genesis 6–8 matches the <a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Gilgamesh flood myth</a> so closely that "few doubt that [it] derives from a Mesopotamian account."<sup id="cite_ref-George2003_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George2003-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What is particularly noticeable is the way the Genesis flood story follows the Gilgamesh flood tale "point by point and in the same order", even when the story permits other alternatives.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest written <a href="/wiki/Flood_myth" title="Flood myth">flood myth</a> is found in the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian">Mesopotamian</a> <a href="/wiki/Atra-Hasis" title="Atra-Hasis">epic of Atra-Hasis</a> and <i>Epic of Gilgamesh</i> texts. The <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> says "These mythologies are the source of such features of the biblical Flood story as the building and provisioning of the ark, its flotation, and the subsidence of the waters, as well as the part played by the human protagonist."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Encyclopedia Judaica</i> adds that there is a strong suggestion that "an intermediate agent was active. The people most likely to have fulfilled this role are the <a href="/wiki/Hurrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurrian">Hurrians</a>, whose territory included the city of <a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a>, where the Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> had his roots. The Hurrians inherited the Flood story from Babylonia".<sup id="cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skolnik287-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The encyclopedia mentions another similarity between the stories: Noah is the tenth patriarch and <a href="/wiki/Berossus" title="Berossus">Berossus</a> notes that "the hero of the great flood was Babylonia's tenth antediluvian king." However, there is a discrepancy in the ages of the heroes. For the Mesopotamian antecedents, "the reigns of the antediluvian kings range from 18,600 to nearly 65,000 years." In the Bible, the lifespans "fall far short of the briefest reign mentioned in the related Mesopotamian texts." Also, the name of the hero differs between the traditions: "The earliest Mesopotamian flood account, written in the <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian language</a>, calls the deluge hero <a href="/wiki/Ziusudra" title="Ziusudra">Ziusudra</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skolnik287-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Yi Samuel Chen writes that the oldest versions of the <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i> never mentioned the flood, just mentioning that he went to talk to <a href="/wiki/Utnapishtim" title="Utnapishtim">Utnapishtim</a> to find the secret of immortality. Starting with the <a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Babylonian Period">Old Babylonian Period</a>, there were attempts to syncretize Utnapishtim with Ziusudra, even though they were previously seen as different figures. Gilgamesh meeting the flood hero was first alluded to in the Old Babylonian Period in "The Death of Gilgamesh" and eventually was imported and standardized in the Epic of Gilgamesh probably in the Middle Babylonian Period.<sup id="cite_ref-Chen_2013_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen_2013-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh" title="Gilgamesh">Gilgamesh</a>'s historical reign is believed to have been approximately 2700 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shortly before the earliest known written stories. The discovery of artifacts associated with <a href="/wiki/Aga_of_Kish" title="Aga of Kish">Aga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enmebaragesi" title="Enmebaragesi">Enmebaragesi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a>, two other kings named in the stories, has lent credibility to the historical existence of Gilgamesh.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> Gilgamesh poems date from as early as the <a href="/wiki/Third_dynasty_of_Ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Third dynasty of Ur">Third dynasty of Ur</a> (2100–2000 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2003xix_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2003xix-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of these poems mentions Gilgamesh's journey to meet the flood hero, as well as a short version of the flood story, although Chen writes that his was included in texts written during the Old Babylonian Period.<sup id="cite_ref-Chen_2013_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen_2013-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> versions of the unified epic are dated to c. 2000–1700 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the fragmentary nature of these Old Babylonian versions, it is unclear whether they included an expanded account of the flood myth; although one fragment definitely includes the story of Gilgamesh's journey to meet <a href="/wiki/Utnapishtim" title="Utnapishtim">Utnapishtim</a>. The "standard" Akkadian version included a long version of the flood story and was edited by <a href="/wiki/Sin-liqe-unninni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-liqe-unninni">Sin-liqe-unninni</a> sometime between 1300 and 1000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2003xxiv–xxv_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2003xxiv–xxv-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yi Samuel Chen, analyzing various texts from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic III Period</a> to the Old Babylonian Period, argues that the flood narrative was only added in texts written during the latter Old Babylonian Period. Observations by experts indicate that the portions of the <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_King_List" title="Sumerian King List">Sumerian King List</a> which mention the time before the flood are stylistically different from the King List Proper. Chen writes that Old Babylonian copies tend to show a separate pre-flood tradition which is apart from the King List. Further, the <a href="/wiki/Ur_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Ur III">Ur III</a> copy of the King List as well as similar documents indicate that the King List Proper once existed independent of a flood narrative or a pre-flood tradition. Chen provides evidence that the sections of the Sumerian King List that mention references to the flood were all later additions added during the Old Babylonian Period through later updates and edits. The Flood as a watershed in early history of the world was probably a new historiographical concept emerging in the Mesopotamian literary traditions during the Old Babylonian Period, as evident by the fact that the flood motif didn't show up in the Ur III copy and that the earliest chronographical sources related to the flood show up in the Old Babylonian Period. Chen concludes that the name of Ziusudra as a flood hero, as well as any hinted references of a flood, in the Old Babylonian Version of the <a href="/wiki/Instructions_of_Shuruppak" title="Instructions of Shuruppak">Instructions of Shuruppak</a> were later developments during the Old Babylonian Period, originating from updated information added to the text from the burgeoning Antediluvian Tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Chen_2013_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen_2013-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greek">Ancient Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ancient Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noah has often been compared to <a href="/wiki/Deucalion" title="Deucalion">Deucalion</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hesione_(Oceanid)" title="Hesione (Oceanid)">Hesinoe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>. Like Noah, Deucalion is warned of the flood (by <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>); he builds an ark and staffs it with creatures – and when he completes his voyage, gives thanks and takes advice from the gods on how to repopulate the Earth. Deucalion also sends a pigeon to find out about the situation of the world and the bird returns with an olive branch.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deucalion, in some versions of the myth, also becomes the inventor of wine, like Noah.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Justin</a> equate Deucalion with Noah, and <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> used the story of Deucalion as evidence that the flood actually occurred and that, therefore, Noah existed.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The motif of a <a href="/wiki/Weather_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Weather deity">weather deity</a> who headed the pantheon causing the great flood and then the trickster who <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_life_from_clay" title="Creation of life from clay">created men from clay</a> saving man is also present in <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian mythology</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a>, instead of Zeus, causes the flood, and <a href="/wiki/Enki" title="Enki">Enki</a>, rather than Prometheus, saves man. Stephanie West has written that this is perhaps due to the Greeks borrowing stories from the Near East.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wine" title="Noah's wine">Noah's wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu%27u" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu'u">Nu'u</a>, character in Hawaiian mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_age" title="Patriarchal age">Patriarchal age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searches_for_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Searches for Noah's Ark">Searches for Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Seven Laws of Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Noah" title="Tomb of Noah">Tomb of Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utnapishtim" title="Utnapishtim">Utnapishtim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, Hindu deity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziusudra" title="Ziusudra">Ziusudra</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHitti1928" class="citation book cs1">Hitti, Philip K. (1928). <i>The Origins of the Druze People and Religion: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings</i>. Library of Alexandria. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781465546623" title="Special:BookSources/9781465546623"><bdi>9781465546623</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Druze+People+and+Religion%3A+With+Extracts+from+Their+Sacred+Writings&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Library+of+Alexandria&rft.date=1928&rft.isbn=9781465546623&rft.aulast=Hitti&rft.aufirst=Philip+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana_2008_17-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDana2008" class="citation book cs1">Dana, Nissim (2008). <i>The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status</i>. Michigan University press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903900369" title="Special:BookSources/9781903900369"><bdi>9781903900369</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Druze+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Their+Faith%2C+Leadership%2C+Identity+and+Status&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Michigan+University+press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781903900369&rft.aulast=Dana&rft.aufirst=Nissim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1">Wells, John C. (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405881180" title="Special:BookSources/9781405881180"><bdi>9781405881180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781405881180&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%209:1-2&version=KJV">"Bible Gateway passage: Genesis 9:1-2 - King James Version"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Genesis+9%3A1-2+-+King+James+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DGenesis%25209%3A1-2%26version%3DKJV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fullom, S.W. (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELtYAAAAcAAJ&q=noah+mother"><i>The History of Woman, and Her Connexion with Religion, Civilization, & Domestic Manners, from the Earliest Period</i></a>. p.10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bechtel-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bechtel_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bechtel_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bechtel_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/20px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/40px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBechtel1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bechtel, Florentine Stanislaus (1911). "Noe". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Noe&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Bechtel&rft.aufirst=Florentine+Stanislaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilverman2013" class="citation book cs1">Silverman, Jason (2013). <i>Opening Heaven's Floodgates: The Genesis Flood Narrative, Its Context, and Reception</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gorgias_Press" title="Gorgias Press">Gorgias Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opening+Heaven%27s+Floodgates%3A+The+Genesis+Flood+Narrative%2C+Its+Context%2C+and+Reception&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bandstra2008-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bandstra2008_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarry_L._Bandstra2008" class="citation book cs1">Barry L. Bandstra (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vRY9mTUZKJcC&pg=PR19"><i>Reading the Old Testament: Introduction to the Hebrew Bible</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-39105-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-39105-0"><bdi>978-0-495-39105-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Old+Testament%3A+Introduction+to+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-495-39105-0&rft.au=Barry+L.+Bandstra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvRY9mTUZKJcC%26pg%3DPR19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotter200349,_50-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotter200349,_50_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCotter2003">Cotter 2003</a>, pp. 49, 50.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFCotter2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#9:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 9:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JewishEnyc-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEnyc_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11571-noah">"NOAH - JewishEncyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>jewishencyclopedia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jewishencyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=NOAH+-+JewishEncyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F11571-noah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#6:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 6:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#31:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy 31:22</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#34:37" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">34:37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0109.htm#20">Genesis 9:20–21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRashkow2004" class="citation book cs1">Rashkow, Ilona (2004). "Sexuality in the Hebrew Bible: Freud's Lens". In Ellens, J. Harold; Rollins, Wayne G. (eds.). <i>Psychology and the Bible: From Feud to Kohut</i>. Psychology and the Bible: A New Way to Read the Scriptures. Vol. 1. Westport, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishers">Praeger Publishers</a>. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98348-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98348-2"><bdi>978-0-275-98348-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sexuality+in+the+Hebrew+Bible%3A+Freud%27s+Lens&rft.btitle=Psychology+and+the+Bible%3A+From+Feud+to+Kohut&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.series=Psychology+and+the+Bible%3A+A+New+Way+to+Read+the+Scriptures&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98348-2&rft.aulast=Rashkow&rft.aufirst=Ilona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1990202–203-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1990202–203_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1990">Hamilton 1990</a>, pp. 202–203.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFHamilton1990 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Philo</i>, 1971, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gen. Rabbah 36:3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0109.htm#18">Genesis 9:18–27</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERashkow200453-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashkow200453_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashkow200453_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRashkow2004">Rashkow 2004</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergsma/Hahn-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bergsma/Hahn_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergsma/Hahn_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Sietze Bergsma/Scott Walker Hahn. 2005. "Noah's Nakedness and the Curse on Canaan". <i>Journal Biblical Literature</i> 124/1 (2005), pp. 25–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeiser196462-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeiser196462_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeiser1964">Speiser 1964</a>, p. 62.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFSpeiser1964 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. A. Bergren. <i>Biblical Figures Outside the Bible</i>, 2002, (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1563384116" title="Special:BookSources/1563384116">1563384116</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56338-411-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56338-411-0">978-1-56338-411-0</a>), p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2002.htm#15">Habakkuk 2:15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt3204.htm#21">Lamentations 4:21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0318.htm#7">Leviticus 18:7–8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0320.htm#11">Leviticus 20:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson200426-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevenson200426_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevenson2004">Levenson 2004</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kugle_1998_223-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kugle_1998_223_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKugel1998">Kugel 1998</a>, p. 223<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKugel1998 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0110.htm#1">Genesis 10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBandstra2008" class="citation cs2">Bandstra, B. (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vRY9mTUZKJcC&q=%22table+of+nations%22+noah&pg=PA67"><i>Reading the Old Testament: Introduction to the Hebrew Bible</i></a>, Cengage Learning, pp. <span class="nowrap">67–</span>68, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0495391050" title="Special:BookSources/978-0495391050"><bdi>978-0495391050</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Old+Testament%3A+Introduction+to+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0495391050&rft.aulast=Bandstra&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvRY9mTUZKJcC%26q%3D%2522table%2Bof%2Bnations%2522%2Bnoah%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvon_Rad1961" class="citation book cs1">von Rad, Gerhard (1961). <i>Genesis: A Commentary</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/SCM_Press" title="SCM Press">SCM Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">67–</span>73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis%3A+A+Commentary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=von+Rad&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvon_Rad1961" class="citation book cs1">von Rad, Gerhard (1961). <i>Genesis: A Commentary</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/SCM_Press" title="SCM Press">SCM Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">109–</span>113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis%3A+A+Commentary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E113&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=von+Rad&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvon_Rad1961" class="citation book cs1">von Rad, Gerhard (1961). <i>Genesis: A Commentary</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/SCM_Press" title="SCM Press">SCM Press</a>. p. 71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis%3A+A+Commentary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=von+Rad&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins2004" class="citation book cs1">Collins, John J. (2004). <i>Introduction to the Hebrew Bible</i>. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">56–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8006-2991-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8006-2991-4"><bdi>0-8006-2991-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8006-2991-4&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriedman1989" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Richard Elliotty (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whowrotebible000frie/page/59"><i>Who Wrote the Bible?</i></a></span>. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whowrotebible000frie/page/59">59</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-063035-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-063035-3"><bdi>0-06-063035-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Wrote+the+Bible%3F&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-06-063035-3&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Richard+Elliotty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhowrotebible000frie%2Fpage%2F59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SNFMAgAAQBAJ&q=noah+&pg=PA334"><i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible</i></a>, Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/kitab-i-iqan/2#411318536">"The Kitáb-i-Íqán | Bahá'í Reference Library"</a>. <i>www.bahai.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bahai.org&rft.atitle=The+Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n+%7C+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Reference+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai.org%2Flibrary%2Fauthoritative-texts%2Fbahaullah%2Fkitab-i-iqan%2F2%23411318536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/gems-divine-mysteries/4#442040328">"Gems of Divine Mysteries"</a>. Bahá'í Reference Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gems+of+Divine+Mysteries&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Reference+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai.org%2Flibrary%2Fauthoritative-texts%2Fbahaullah%2Fgems-divine-mysteries%2F4%23442040328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, Jack Pearl, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mO_H2lVTyhkC&q=%22seems+to+have+little%22&pg=PA14"><i>A Study of the Interpretation of Noah and the Flood in Jewish and Christian Literature</i></a>, BRILL, 1968, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Book of Enoch/Chapter 10"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch/Chapter_10">"Chapter X" </a></span>. <i>The Book of Enoch</i>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_(scholar)" title="Robert Charles (scholar)">Robert H. Charles</a>. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1917.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+X&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Enoch&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Society+for+Promoting+Christian+Knowledge&rft.date=1917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peters, DM., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MXU3PTrFe6gC&q=%22words+on+noah%22+twenty"><i>Noah Traditions in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Conversations and Controversies of Antiquity</i></a>, Society of Biblical Lit, 2008, pp. 15–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiffman, LH., <i>Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Volume 2</i>, Granite Hill Publishers, 2000, pp. 613–614.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, Jack Pearl, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mO_H2lVTyhkC&q=%22the+offspring+of+the+Watchers%22&pg=PA11"><i>A Study of the Interpretation of Noah and the Flood in Jewish and Christian Literature</i></a>, BRILL, 1968, p. 11. "the offspring of the Watchers".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mamet, D., Kushner, L., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr0SAQAAIAAJ&q=+%22man+in+a+fur+coat%22"><i>Five Cities of Refuge: Weekly Reflections on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy</i></a>, Schocken Books, 2003, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#5:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 5:29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frishman, J., Rompay, L. von, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SqThaPjXFyQC&q=noah+righteous&pg=PA63"><i>The Book of Genesis in Jewish and Oriental Christian Interpretation: A Collection of Essays</i></a>, Peeters Publishers, 1997, pp. 62–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skolnik287-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skolnik287_67-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYoung2007" class="citation book cs1">Young, Dwight (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/biblical-proper-names-biographies/noah">"Noah"</a>. In Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael; Thomson Gale (Firm) (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/70174939.html"><i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i></a>. Vol. 15 (2nd ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">287–</span>291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865943-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865943-5"><bdi>978-0-02-865943-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/123527471">123527471</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2019</span>. <q>The earliest Mesopotamian flood account, written in the Sumerian language, calls the deluge hero Ziusudra, which is thought to carry the connotation "he who laid hold on life of distant days."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Noah&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E287-%3C%2Fspan%3E291&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F123527471&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865943-5&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Dwight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fpeople%2Fphilosophy-and-religion%2Fbiblical-proper-names-biographies%2Fnoah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR_Gelbert-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR_Gelbert_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGelbert2011" class="citation book cs1">Gelbert, Carlos (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://livingwaterbooks.com.au/product/ginza-rba/"><i>Ginza Rba</i></a>. Sydney: Living Water Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780958034630" title="Special:BookSources/9780958034630"><bdi>9780958034630</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ginza+Rba&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Living+Water+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780958034630&rft.aulast=Gelbert&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flivingwaterbooks.com.au%2Fproduct%2Fginza-rba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR_Lidzbarski-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR_Lidzbarski_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLidzbarski1925" class="citation book cs1">Lidzbarski, Mark (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MN41563ucmf_2"><i>Ginza: Der Schatz oder Das große Buch der Mandäer</i></a>. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ginza%3A+Der+Schatz+oder+Das+gro%C3%9Fe+Buch+der+Mand%C3%A4er&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pub=Vandenhoek+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Lidzbarski&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMN41563ucmf_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+2:5&version=nasb">2 Peter 2:5</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_American_Standard_Bible" title="New American Standard Bible">New American Standard Bible</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2024:38&version=nrsv">Matthew 24:38</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2017:26&version=nrsv">Luke 17:26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peters, DM., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MXU3PTrFe6gC&q=nuanced+%22temple+period%22+%22and+early+christianity%22"><i>Noah Traditions in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Conversations and Controversies of Antiquity</i></a>, Society of Biblical Lit, 2008, pp. 15–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, JP., Weidman, NM., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g4WalMw26IkC&q=noah+christianity+medieval+shem&pg=PA4"><i>Race, Racism, and Science: Social Impact and Interaction</i></a>, ABC-CLIO, 2004, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForce1999" class="citation cs2">Force, J E (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gJKaqMDxyL0C&q=noah+religion&pg=PA254">"Essay 12: Newton, the "Ancients" and the "Moderns"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>, in Popkin, RH; Force, JE (eds.), <i>Newton and Religion: Context, Nature, and Influence</i>, International Archive of the History of Ideas, Kluwer, pp. <span class="nowrap">253–</span>254, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780792357445" title="Special:BookSources/9780792357445"><bdi>9780792357445</bdi></a> – via Google Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Essay+12%3A+Newton%2C+the+%22Ancients%22+and+the+%22Moderns%22&rft.btitle=Newton+and+Religion%3A+Context%2C+Nature%2C+and+Influence&rft.series=International+Archive+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E253-%3C%2Fspan%3E254&rft.pub=Kluwer&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780792357445&rft.aulast=Force&rft.aufirst=J+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgJKaqMDxyL0C%26q%3Dnoah%2Breligion%26pg%3DPA254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPagels2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Pagels" title="Elaine Pagels">Pagels, Elaine</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sOfrvFT7RVYC"><i>The Gnostic Gospels</i></a>. Orion. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78022-670-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78022-670-5"><bdi>978-1-78022-670-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gnostic+Gospels&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Orion&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78022-670-5&rft.aulast=Pagels&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsOfrvFT7RVYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwayd20093-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwayd20093_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwayd2009">Swayd 2009</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enc_Islam-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Enc_Islam_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enc_Islam_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibb1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Alexander_Rosskeen_Gibb" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb">Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OO4pAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam: NED-SAM</i></a>. Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">108–</span>109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004098343" title="Special:BookSources/9789004098343"><bdi>9789004098343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%3A+NED-SAM&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E108-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9789004098343&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=Hamilton+Alexander+Rosskeen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOO4pAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi, October 28, 1949: Baháʼí News, No. 228, February 1950, p. 4. Republished in <a href="#CITEREFCompilation1983">Compilation 1983</a>, p. 508</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPoirier" class="citation web cs1">Poirier, Brent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/poirier_iqan_unsealing_bible">"The Kitab-i-Iqan: The key to unsealing the mysteries of the Holy Bible"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kitab-i-Iqan%3A+The+key+to+unsealing+the+mysteries+of+the+Holy+Bible&rft.aulast=Poirier&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fpoirier_iqan_unsealing_bible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShoghi_Effendi1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/MBW/"><i>Messages to the Baháʼí World, 1950–1957</i></a>. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87743-036-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87743-036-5"><bdi>0-87743-036-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messages+to+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+World%2C+1950%E2%80%931957&rft.place=Wilmette%2C+Illinois%2C+USA&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Publishing+Trust&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-87743-036-5&rft.au=Shoghi+Effendi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freference.bahai.org%2Fen%2Ft%2Fse%2FMBW%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer, November 25, 1950. Published in <a href="#CITEREFCompilation1983">Compilation 1983</a>, p. 494</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRashid_Ahmad_Chaudhry2005" class="citation book cs1">Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/library/books/HadhratNuh.pdf"><i>Hadhrat Nuh</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85372-758-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85372-758-X"><bdi>1-85372-758-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hadhrat+Nuh&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85372-758-X&rft.au=Rashid+Ahmad+Chaudhry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2FHadhratNuh.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frazer, JG., in Dundes, A (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E__dnnQwGDwC&q=%22there+is+little+evidence%22"><i>The Flood Myth</i></a>, University of California Press, 1988, pp. 121–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-George2003-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-George2003_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2003" class="citation book cs1">George, Andrew R. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=21xxZ_gUy_wC&pg=PA70"><i>The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927841-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927841-1"><bdi>978-0-19-927841-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2012</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Babylonian+Gilgamesh+Epic%3A+Introduction%2C+Critical+Edition+and+Cuneiform+Texts&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927841-1&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Andrew+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D21xxZ_gUy_wC%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rendsburg, Gary. "The Biblical flood story in the light of the Gilgamesh flood account," in <i>Gilgamesh and the world of Assyria</i>, eds Azize, J & Weeks, N. Peters, 2007, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416799">Noah</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chen_2013-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chen_2013_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chen_2013_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chen_2013_88-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chen, Yi Samuel. The Primeval Flood Catastrophe: Origins and Early Development in Mesopotamian Traditions. Oxford University Press, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoux1964" class="citation book cs1">Roux, Georges (April 1964). <i>Ancient Iraq</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/George_Allen_%26_Unwin" class="mw-redirect" title="George Allen & Unwin">George Allen & Unwin</a>. pp. 123, 502.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Iraq&rft.place=London&rft.pages=123%2C+502&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1964-04&rft.aulast=Roux&rft.aufirst=Georges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Dalley" title="Stephanie Dalley">Dalley, Stephanie</a>, <i>Myths from Mesopotamia</i>, Oxford University Press (1989), p. 40–41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2003xix-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2003xix_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2003">George 2003</a>, p. xix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.1.3#">"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature"</a>. <i>etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=The+Electronic+Text+Corpus+of+Sumerian+Literature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fetcsl.cgi%3Ftext%3Dt.1.8.1.3%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2003">George 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=21xxZ_gUy_wC&pg=PA101">101</a>: "The great list of kings of Sumer and Akkad was, in the form that we know it, compiled early in the second millennium, from sources already current, to legitimize the <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_of_Isin" title="Dynasty of Isin">kings of Isin</a> as the successors of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Ur III dynasty</a>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2003xxiv–xxv-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2003xxiv–xxv_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2003">George 2003</a>, pp. xxiv–xxv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/159650">Deucalion</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wajdenbaum, P., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3kiPBAAAQBAJ&q=noah&pg=PA92"><i>Argonauts of the Desert: Structural Analysis of the Hebrew Bible</i></a>, Routledge, 2014, pp. 104–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, G., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G9IQt92pbjwC&dq=noah+deucalion&pg=PA130"><i>Greek and Roman Folklore: A Handbook</i></a>, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. pp. 129–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, JP.; Lewis, JP., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mO_H2lVTyhkC&q=philo+noah&pg=PA101"><i>A Study of the Interpretation of Noah and the Flood in Jewish and Christian Literature</i></a>, BRILL, 1968, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peters, DM., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MXU3PTrFe6gC&q=manu+noah&pg=PA4"><i>Noah Traditions in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Conversations and Controversies of Antiquity</i></a>, Society of Biblical Lit, 2008, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Feldman, LH., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S349d-yRgCIC&q=deucalion&pg=PA166"><i>Josephus's Interpretation of the Bible</i></a>, University of California Press, 1998, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">West, S. (1994). Prometheus Orientalized. Museum Helveticum, 51(3), 129–149.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlter2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alter" title="Robert Alter">Alter, Robert</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcMhkJ8a708C&q=justify+Canaan&pg=PA52"><i>The Five Books of Moses</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33393-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33393-0"><bdi>978-0-393-33393-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Books+of+Moses&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-393-33393-0&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZcMhkJ8a708C%26q%3Djustify%2BCanaan%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrett2000" class="citation book cs1">Brett, Mark G. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nFDW1lqNEXYC&q=Canaan&pg=PA45"><i>Genesis: Procreation and the Politics of Identity</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0203992029" title="Special:BookSources/978-0203992029"><bdi>978-0203992029</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis%3A+Procreation+and+the+Politics+of+Identity&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0203992029&rft.aulast=Brett&rft.aufirst=Mark+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnFDW1lqNEXYC%26q%3DCanaan%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCompilation1983" class="citation cs2">Compilation (1983), Hornby, Helen (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MZ7g-BIfXu0C&q=Noah%27s+Flood%3A+The+Genesis+Story+in+Western+Thought"><i>Lights of Guidance: A Baháʼí Reference File</i></a>, Baháʼí Publishing Trust, New Delhi, India, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85091-46-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-85091-46-3"><bdi>81-85091-46-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lights+of+Guidance%3A+A+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Reference+File&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Publishing+Trust%2C+New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=81-85091-46-3&rft.au=Compilation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMZ7g-BIfXu0C%26q%3DNoah%2527s%2BFlood%253A%2BThe%2BGenesis%2BStory%2Bin%2BWestern%2BThought&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDimant2001" class="citation book cs1">Dimant, Devorah (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eXM1YwCGipMC">"Noah in early Jewish literature"</a>. In Michael E. Stone; Theodore E. Bergren (eds.). <i>Biblical Figures Outside the Bible</i>. Trinity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781563384110" title="Special:BookSources/9781563384110"><bdi>9781563384110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Noah+in+early+Jewish+literature&rft.btitle=Biblical+Figures+Outside+the+Bible&rft.pub=Trinity+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781563384110&rft.aulast=Dimant&rft.aufirst=Devorah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeXM1YwCGipMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreedman1999" class="citation book cs1">Freedman, Paul H. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RXBReIaQDW8C"><i>Images of the Medieval Peasant</i></a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804733731" title="Special:BookSources/9780804733731"><bdi>9780804733731</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Images+of+the+Medieval+Peasant&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780804733731&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRXBReIaQDW8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldenberg2005" class="citation book cs1">Goldenberg, David M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4cr-mix9kMgC&q=curse+of+ham+greek+mesopotamian+myth&pg=PA261">"What did Ham do to Noah?"</a>. In Stemberger, Günter; Perani, Mauro (eds.). <i>The Words of a Wise Man's Mouth Are Gracious</i>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110188493" title="Special:BookSources/9783110188493"><bdi>9783110188493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+did+Ham+do+to+Noah%3F&rft.btitle=The+Words+of+a+Wise+Man%27s+Mouth+Are+Gracious&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9783110188493&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4cr-mix9kMgC%26q%3Dcurse%2Bof%2Bham%2Bgreek%2Bmesopotamian%2Bmyth%26pg%3DPA261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldenberg2003" class="citation book cs1">Goldenberg, David M. (2003). <i>The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691114651" title="Special:BookSources/9780691114651"><bdi>9780691114651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Curse+of+Ham%3A+Race+and+Slavery+in+Early+Judaism%2C+Christianity%2C+and+Islam&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780691114651&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldenberg1997" class="citation book cs1">Goldenberg, David M. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2MJkRjpOHoC&q=%22long+history+of+enslaving%22&pg=PA34">"The Curse of Ham: A Case of Rabbinic Racism?"</a>. In Salzman, Jack; West, Cornel (eds.). <i>Struggles in the Promised Land: Toward a History of Black-Jewish Relations</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198024927" title="Special:BookSources/9780198024927"><bdi>9780198024927</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Curse+of+Ham%3A+A+Case+of+Rabbinic+Racism%3F&rft.btitle=Struggles+in+the+Promised+Land%3A+Toward+a+History+of+Black-Jewish+Relations&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780198024927&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC2MJkRjpOHoC%26q%3D%2522long%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Benslaving%2522%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldenberg2009" class="citation book cs1">Goldenberg, David M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1MS9AiZ74MoC&q=%22skin+color+and+slavery%22&pg=PA168"><i>The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400828548" title="Special:BookSources/9781400828548"><bdi>9781400828548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Curse+of+Ham%3A+Race+and+Slavery+in+Early+Judaism%2C+Christianity%2C+and+Islam&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781400828548&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1MS9AiZ74MoC%26q%3D%2522skin%2Bcolor%2Band%2Bslavery%2522%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGravesPatai1964" class="citation book cs1">Graves, Robert; Patai, Raphael (1964). <i>Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis</i>. Princeton University Press, Cassel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hebrew+Myths%3A+The+Book+of+Genesis&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press%2C+Cassel&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Patai%2C+Raphael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHamSarfatiWieland2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ham" title="Ken Ham">Ham, Ken</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sarfati" title="Jonathan Sarfati">Sarfati, Jonathan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieland" title="Carl Wieland">Wieland, Carl</a> (2001). Batten, Don (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christiananswers.net/q-aig/race-blacks.html">"Are Black People the Result of a Curse on Ham"</a>. ChristianAnswers.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Are+Black+People+the+Result+of+a+Curse+on+Ham&rft.pub=ChristianAnswers.net&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Ham&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=Sarfati%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Wieland%2C+Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiananswers.net%2Fq-aig%2Frace-blacks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeilDelitzsch1885" class="citation book cs1">Keil, Carl; Delitzsch, Franz (1885). <i>Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament</i>. Vol. 1. Trans. James Martin. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+Commentary+on+the+Old+Testament&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Keil&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.au=Delitzsch%2C+Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKissling2004" class="citation book cs1">Kissling, Paul (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lotBnvqdmeQC&q=In+the+beginning&pg=PP4"><i>Genesis</i></a>. Vol. 1. College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780899008752" title="Special:BookSources/9780899008752"><bdi>9780899008752</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis&rft.pub=College+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780899008752&rft.aulast=Kissling&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlotBnvqdmeQC%26q%3DIn%2Bthe%2Bbeginning%26pg%3DPP4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKugle1998" class="citation book cs1">Kugle, James L. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QUkaVq_GlJUC&q=%22Ham+laughed%22&pg=PA222"><i>Traditions of the Bible</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674791510" title="Special:BookSources/9780674791510"><bdi>9780674791510</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780674791510&rft.aulast=Kugle&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQUkaVq_GlJUC%26q%3D%2522Ham%2Blaughed%2522%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevenson2004" class="citation book cs1">Levenson, Jon D. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aDuy3p5QvEYC">"Genesis: Introduction and Annotations"</a>. In Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515/page/26"><i>The Jewish Study Bible</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515/page/26">26</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-529751-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-529751-5"><bdi>978-0-19-529751-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genesis%3A+Introduction+and+Annotations&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Study+Bible&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-529751-5&rft.aulast=Levenson&rft.aufirst=Jon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaDuy3p5QvEYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aDuy3p5QvEYC&q=Levenson&pg=PR5">Levenson author note</a>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLulat2005" class="citation book cs1">Lulat, G (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J00xEkY-vTEC&q=misnomer+ham&pg=PA86"><i>A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis</i></a>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 85, 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313068669" title="Special:BookSources/9780313068669"><bdi>9780313068669</bdi></a>. <q>an ideologically driven misnomer...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+African+Higher+Education+from+Antiquity+to+the+Present%3A+A+Critical+Synthesis&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=85%2C+86&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780313068669&rft.aulast=Lulat&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ00xEkY-vTEC%26q%3Dmisnomer%2Bham%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf2005" class="citation book cs1">Metcalf, Alida C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lWuNIISvBqIC&q=ham+curse"><i>Go-betweens and the Colonization of Brazil, 1500–1600</i></a> (1st ed.). Austin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0292712768" title="Special:BookSources/978-0292712768"><bdi>978-0292712768</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Go-betweens+and+the+Colonization+of+Brazil%2C+1500%E2%80%931600&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=164&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0292712768&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Alida+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlWuNIISvBqIC%26q%3Dham%2Bcurse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReeve2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._Paul_Reeve" title="W. Paul Reeve">Reeve, W. Paul</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=95j4BQAAQBAJ"><i>Religion of a Different Color: Race and the Mormon Struggle for Whiteness</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975407-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975407-6"><bdi>978-0-19-975407-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+of+a+Different+Color%3A+Race+and+the+Mormon+Struggle+for+Whiteness&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975407-6&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=W.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D95j4BQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1910" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, John M. (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=usGxKc9gMNwC"><i>Christianity and Mythology</i></a>. Kessinger Publishing (2004 reprint). p. 496. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-8768-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-8768-9"><bdi>978-0-7661-8768-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity+and+Mythology&rft.pages=496&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing+%282004+reprint%29&rft.date=1910&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-8768-9&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DusGxKc9gMNwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSadler2005" class="citation book cs1">Sadler, R.S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jNwI0AlRhuwC"><i>Can a Cushite Change his Skin?</i></a>. T&T Clark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567029607" title="Special:BookSources/9780567029607"><bdi>9780567029607</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Can+a+Cushite+Change+his+Skin%3F&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780567029607&rft.aulast=Sadler&rft.aufirst=R.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjNwI0AlRhuwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSarna1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahum Sarna">Sarna, Nahum</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HvjNTNWTyQUC">"The Anticipatory Use of Information as a Literary Feature of the Genesis Narratives"</a>. In Friedman, Richard Elliott (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creationofsacred0000unse"><i>The Creation of Sacred Literature: Composition and Redaction of the Biblical Text</i></a></span>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-09637-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-09637-0"><bdi>978-0-520-09637-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Anticipatory+Use+of+Information+as+a+Literary+Feature+of+the+Genesis+Narratives&rft.btitle=The+Creation+of+Sacred+Literature%3A+Composition+and+Redaction+of+the+Biblical+Text&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-520-09637-0&rft.aulast=Sarna&rft.aufirst=Nahum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHvjNTNWTyQUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrost2010" class="citation book cs1">Trost, Travis D. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FnvbpnRwxeYC&pg=PR6"><i>Who should be king in Israel?</i></a>. Peter Lang Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781433111518" title="Special:BookSources/9781433111518"><bdi>9781433111518</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+should+be+king+in+Israel%3F&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781433111518&rft.aulast=Trost&rft.aufirst=Travis+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFnvbpnRwxeYC%26pg%3DPR6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanderKam1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_VanderKam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James VanderKam (page does not exist)">VanderKam, James Claire</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Le4QAQAAIAAJ">"The Righteousness of Noah"</a>. In John Joseph Collins; George W. E. Nickelsburg (eds.). <i>Ideal figures in ancient Judaism: profiles and paradigms, Volumes 12–15</i>. Chico: Scholars Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0891304340" title="Special:BookSources/978-0891304340"><bdi>978-0891304340</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Righteousness+of+Noah&rft.btitle=Ideal+figures+in+ancient+Judaism%3A+profiles+and+paradigms%2C+Volumes+12%E2%80%9315&rft.place=Chico&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=Scholars+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0891304340&rft.aulast=VanderKam&rft.aufirst=James+Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLe4QAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150309230136/http://www3.nd.edu/~jvanderk/">VanderKam-Vitae</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Seters2000" class="citation book cs1">Van Seters, John (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L352z_jZSmcC&q=Putting+them+in+their+place%3A+Geography+as+an+evaluative+tool&pg=PA476">"Geography as an evaluative tool"</a>. In VanderKam, James (ed.). <i>From Revelation to Canon: Studies in the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Literature</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0391041363" title="Special:BookSources/0391041363"><bdi>0391041363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Geography+as+an+evaluative+tool&rft.btitle=From+Revelation+to+Canon%3A+Studies+in+the+Hebrew+Bible+and+Second+Temple+Literature&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0391041363&rft.aulast=Van+Seters&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL352z_jZSmcC%26q%3DPutting%2Bthem%2Bin%2Btheir%2Bplace%253A%2BGeography%2Bas%2Ban%2Bevaluative%2Btool%26pg%3DPA476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitford2009" class="citation book cs1">Whitford, David M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hMb7_SL-OJYC"><i>The curse of Ham in the Early Modern Era</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754666257" title="Special:BookSources/9780754666257"><bdi>9780754666257</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+curse+of+Ham+in+the+Early+Modern+Era&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780754666257&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhMb7_SL-OJYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwayd2009" class="citation book cs1">Swayd, Samy S. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Nq9lD5wnBMC&q=abraham+druze&pg=PA3"><i>The a to Z of the Druzes</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810868366" title="Special:BookSources/9780810868366"><bdi>9780810868366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+a+to+Z+of+the+Druzes&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780810868366&rft.aulast=Swayd&rft.aufirst=Samy+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Nq9lD5wnBMC%26q%3Dabraham%2Bdruze%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoah" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Judah (son of Jacob)">Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perez_(son_of_Judah)" title="Perez (son of Judah)">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezron" title="Hezron">Hezron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_(biblical_figure)" title="Ram (biblical figure)">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amminadab" title="Amminadab">Amminadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahshon" title="Nahshon">Nahshon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_(biblical_figure)" title="Salmon (biblical figure)">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz" title="Boaz">Boaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obed_(biblical_figure)" title="Obed (biblical figure)">Obed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Names in <i>italics</i> only appear in the Greek <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> version</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_/_Old_Testament704" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Template:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr 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Abel">Abel</a></i><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noah</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Noah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Noah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">Patriarchs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)#Matriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Israelite prophets<br />in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Moses in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam" title="Miriam">Miriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldad_and_Medad" title="Eldad and Medad">Eldad and Medad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mentioned in the<br /><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former Prophets</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah" title="Deborah">Deborah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson" title="Samson">Samson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elkanah" title="Elkanah">Elkanah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_(biblical_figure)" title="Hannah (biblical figure)">Hannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_(prophet)" title="Gad (prophet)">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeduthun" title="Jeduthun">Jeduthun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemaiah_(prophet)" title="Shemaiah (prophet)">Shemaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddo_(prophet)" title="Iddo (prophet)">Iddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanani" title="Hanani">Hanani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahaziel" title="Jahaziel">Jahaziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer#Eliezer_the_prophet" title="Eliezer">Eliezer ben Dodavah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_ben_Jehoiada" title="Zechariah ben Jehoiada">Zechariah ben Jehoiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldah" title="Huldah">Huldah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaiah_in_rabbinic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Daniel in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Jonah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beor_(biblical_figure)" title="Beor (biblical figure)">Beor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Job in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amoz" title="Amoz">Amoz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beeri" title="Beeri">Beeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agur" title="Agur">Agur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_(prophet)" title="Uriah (prophet)">Uriah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buzi" title="Buzi">Buzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mordecai" title="Mordecai">Mordecai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esther_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Esther in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruth_(biblical_figure)" title="Ruth (biblical figure)">Ruth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_(prophet)" title="Oded (prophet)">Oded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariah_(prophet)" title="Azariah (prophet)">Azariah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate persons whose status as <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a> is not universally accepted.</li> <li>‡ indicates persons whose status as prophets is exclusive to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prophets_in_the_Quran272" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prophets_in_the_Quran272" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets in the Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">آدَم</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِدرِيس</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">نُوح</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">هُود</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">صَالِح</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِبْرَاهِيْم</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">لُوط</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِسْمَاعِيْل</span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nuh</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Salih</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selah_(biblical_figure)" title="Selah (biblical figure)">Selah</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrahim</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismail</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِسْحَاق</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يَعْقُوب</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يُوسُف</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">أَيُّوْب</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">شُعَيْب</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مُوسَى</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">هَارُون</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">ذُو الكِفْل</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">دَاوُد</span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Is'haq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaqub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yusuf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuayb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jethro_(biblical_figure)" title="Jethro (biblical figure)">Jethro</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Musa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Harun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Kifl" title="Dhu al-Kifl">Dhu l-Kifl</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dawud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">سُلَيْمَان</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِلْيَاس</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">اليَسَع</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يُونُس</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">زَكَرِيَّا</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يَحْيَى</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">عِيسَى</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مُحَمَّد</span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulayman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah in Islam">Ilyas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elisha_in_Islam" title="Elisha in Islam">Al-Yasa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Yunus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_in_Islam" title="Zechariah in Islam">Zakariya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist_in_Islam" title="John the Baptist in Islam">Yahya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div>Note: <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> believe that there were many prophets sent by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> to mankind. The <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Islamic prophets</a> above are only the ones mentioned by name in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Noah&#039;s_Ark55" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Noah%27s_Ark" title="Template:Noah's Ark"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Noah%27s_Ark" title="Template talk:Noah's Ark"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Noah%27s_Ark" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Noah's Ark"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Noah&#039;s_Ark55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japheth" title="Japheth">Japheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wives aboard Noah's Ark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Noah" title="Book of Noah">Book of Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Noah" title="Generations of Noah">Generations of Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopher_wood" title="Gopher wood">Gopher wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wine" title="Noah's wine">Noah's wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Seven Laws of Noah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Noah_and_His_Magical_Ark" title="Captain Noah and His Magical Ark">Captain Noah and His Magical Ark</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Ki_Kahaniyan" title="Bible Ki Kahaniyan">"Noah's Ark"</a> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Island" title="Noah's Island">Noah's Island</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_(miniseries)" title="Noah's Ark (miniseries)">Noah's Ark</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VeggieTales" title="VeggieTales">VeggieTales</a>: Noah's Ark</i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ark_(film)" title="The Ark (film)">The Ark</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_(1928_film)" title="Noah's Ark (1928 film)">Noah's Ark</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Father_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Father Noah's Ark">Father Noah's Ark</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bible:_In_the_Beginning..." title="The Bible: In the Beginning...">The Bible: In the Beginning...</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O_Trapalh%C3%A3o_na_Arca_de_No%C3%A9" title="O Trapalhão na Arca de Noé">O Trapalhão na Arca de Noé</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Biblia_en_pasta" title="La Biblia en pasta">La Biblia en pasta</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angel%27s_Egg" title="Angel's Egg">Angel's Egg</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stowaways_on_the_Ark" title="Stowaways on the Ark">Stowaways on the Ark</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis:_The_Creation_and_the_Flood" title="Genesis: The Creation and the Flood">Genesis: The Creation and the Flood</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah_(1998_film)" title="Noah (1998 film)">Noah</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_2000" title="Fantasia 2000">Fantasia 2000</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raining_Cats_and_Frogs" title="Raining Cats and Frogs">Raining Cats and Frogs</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_(2007_film)" title="Noah's Ark (2007 film)">Noah's Ark</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evan_Almighty" title="Evan Almighty">Evan Almighty</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/40_Days_and_Nights" title="40 Days and Nights">40 Days and Nights</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah_(2014_film)" title="Noah (2014 film)">Noah</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ooops!_Noah_Is_Gone..." title="Ooops! Noah Is Gone...">Ooops! Noah Is Gone...</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_(2024_film)" title="Noah's Ark (2024 film)">Noah's Ark</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ark_and_the_Aardvark" title="The Ark and the Aardvark">The Ark and the Aardvark</a></i> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flowering_Peach" title="The Flowering Peach">The Flowering Peach</a></i> (1954 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_by_Two_(musical)" title="Two by Two (musical)">Two by Two</a></i> (1970 musical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_diluvio_universale" title="Il diluvio universale">Il diluvio universale</a></i> (1830)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_D%C3%A9luge_(Saint-Sa%C3%ABns)" title="Le Déluge (Saint-Saëns)">Le Déluge</a></i> (1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No%C3%A9_(opera)" title="Noé (opera)">Noé</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noye%27s_Fludde" title="Noye's Fludde">Noye's Fludde</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flood_(Stravinsky)" title="The Flood (Stravinsky)">The Flood</a></i> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scenes_from_the_Life_of_Noah" title="Scenes from the Life of Noah">Scenes from the Life of Noah</a></i> (1436-1440)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_(Poulakis)" title="Noah's Ark (Poulakis)">Noah's Ark</a></i> (17th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Dove_to_the_Ark" title="The Return of the Dove to the Ark">The Return of the Dove to the Ark</a></i> (1851)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/After_the_Deluge_(painting)" title="After the Deluge (painting)">After the Deluge</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(Lebrun)" title="Genesis (Lebrun)">Genesis</a></i> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Sintflut" title="Die Sintflut">Die Sintflut</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Unicorn_(song)" title="The Unicorn (song)">The Unicorn</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Captain_Noah_and_His_Floating_Zoo" title="Captain Noah and His Floating Zoo">Captain Noah and His Floating Zoo</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Prophet%27s_Song" title="The Prophet's Song">The Prophet's Song</a>" (1975)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Animals_(Kevin_Ayers_song)" title="Animals (Kevin Ayers song)">Animals</a>" (1980)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Forever_Not_Yours" title="Forever Not Yours">Forever Not Yours</a>" (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_(video_game)" title="Noah's Ark (video game)">Noah's Ark</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Super_3D_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Super 3D Noah's Ark">Super 3D Noah's Ark</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i>Noah's Ark</i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Dolittle_and_the_Secret_Lake" title="Doctor Dolittle and the Secret Lake">Doctor Dolittle and the Secret Lake</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_in_the_Cloud" title="The Moon in the Cloud">The Moon in the Cloud</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_(Spier_book)" title="Noah's Ark (Spier book)">Noah's Ark</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Not_Wanted_on_the_Voyage" title="Not Wanted on the Voyage">Not Wanted on the Voyage</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Brother" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah's Brother">Noah's Brother</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Many_Waters" title="Many Waters">Many Waters</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_(Pinkney_book)" title="Noah's Ark (Pinkney book)">Noah's Ark</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Not_the_End_of_the_World_(McCaughrean_novel)" title="Not the End of the World (McCaughrean novel)">Not the End of the World</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ararat_(novel)" title="Ararat (novel)">Ararat</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flood_myth" title="Flood myth">Flood myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridu_Genesis" title="Eridu Genesis">Eridu Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Gilgamesh flood myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_flood_myths" title="Ancient Greek flood myths">Ancient Greek flood myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_flood_myth" title="Finnish flood myth">Finnish flood myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_(China)" title="Great Flood (China)">Great Flood of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_flood_myths" title="Mesoamerican flood myths">Mesoamerican flood myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn#Cessair" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Cessair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergelmir" title="Bergelmir">Bergelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Noah in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Noah in rabbinic literature">Noah in rabbinic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peluda" title="Peluda">Peluda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_deluge_hypothesis" title="Black Sea deluge hypothesis">Black Sea deluge hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_geology" title="Flood geology">Flood geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searches_for_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Searches for Noah's Ark">Searches for Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Noah%27s_Ark" title="In Search of Noah's Ark">In Search of Noah's Ark</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountains_of_Ararat" title="Mountains of Ararat">Mountains of Ararat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ararat" title="Mount Ararat">Mount Ararat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Mount Judi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Ibn_Tulun" title="Mosque of Ibn Tulun">Mosque of Ibn Tulun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ararat_anomaly" title="Ararat anomaly">Ararat anomaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durup%C4%B1nar_site" title="Durupınar site">Durupınar site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_replicas_and_derivatives" title="Noah's Ark replicas and derivatives">Noah's Ark replicas and derivatives</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boner%27s_Ark" title="Boner's Ark">Boner's Ark</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_silver_coins" title="Noah's Ark silver coins">Noah's Ark silver coins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Creationism171" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Creationism_topics" title="Template:Creationism topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Creationism_topics" title="Template talk:Creationism topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Creationism_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Creationism topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Creationism171" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_cosmology" title="Biblical cosmology">Biblical cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">Creation myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creationist_museum" title="Creationist museum">Creationist museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Genesis creation narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_creationism" title="History of creationism">History of creationism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_geology" title="Flood geology">Flood geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ussher_chronology" title="Ussher chronology">Ussher chronology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_creationism" title="Gap creationism">Gap creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_creationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu creationism">Hindu creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_creationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic creationism">Islamic creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-creationism" title="Neo-creationism">Neo-creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Earth_creationism" title="Old Earth creationism">Old Earth creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_creationism" title="Progressive creationism">Progressive creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">Theistic evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Earth_creationism" title="Young Earth creationism">Young Earth creationism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_creation%E2%80%93evolution_controversy" title="Outline of the creation–evolution controversy">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation%E2%80%93evolution_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Creation–evolution controversy">Creation–evolution controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_and_evolution_in_public_education" title="Creation and evolution in public education">Creation and evolution in public education</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edwards_v._Aguillard" title="Edwards v. Aguillard">Edwards v. Aguillard</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_evolution_hearings" title="Kansas evolution hearings">Kansas evolution hearings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitzmiller_v._Dover_Area_School_District" title="Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District">Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teach_the_Controversy" title="Teach the Controversy">Teach the Controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropic_principle" title="Anthropic principle">Anthropic principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Biblical inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Created_kind" title="Created kind">Created kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omphalos_hypothesis" title="Omphalos hypothesis">Omphalos hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81422#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1583" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81422#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1583" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81422#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000458756628">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11187922">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/90634/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjFkjDCrmcgw6vptPpdYT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118641328">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82052547">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119840652">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119840652">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20181004055&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810578008905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007312438605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118641328.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118641328">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noah&oldid=1284255714">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noah&oldid=1284255714</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Category:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible">Prophets in the Hebrew Bible</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Noah" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dbbdd594f-49h8x","wgBackendResponseTime":218,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.197","walltime":"1.424","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11422,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":382147,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9593,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":263037,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1134.931 1 -total"," 23.65% 268.461 2 Template:Reflist"," 20.53% 233.009 45 Template:Cite_book"," 13.17% 149.493 7 Template:Navbox"," 9.62% 109.178 1 Template:Infobox_religious_biography"," 8.91% 101.066 10 Template:Langx"," 8.71% 98.896 1 Template:Efn"," 6.98% 79.269 1 Template:Adam_to_David"," 6.59% 74.794 1 Template:Infobox"," 6.57% 74.584 1 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