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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="أمين باشا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمين باشا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Емин паша – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Емин паша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Paix%C3%A0" title="Emin Paixà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emin Paixà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Schnitzer" title="Eduard Schnitzer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eduard Schnitzer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pascha" title="Emin Pascha – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Emin Pascha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pasha" title="Emin Pasha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emin Pasha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Paxa" title="Emin Paxa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Emin Paxa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="امین پاشا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امین پاشا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pacha" title="Emin Pacha – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Emin Pacha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pax%C3%A1" title="Emin Paxá – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emin Paxá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pa%C5%9Fa" title="Emin Paşa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emin Paşa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pasci%C3%A0" title="Emin Pascià – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emin Pascià" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%90" title="אמין פאשא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמין פאשא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pasha" title="Emin Pasha – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Emin Pasha" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_pasa" title="Emin pasa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emin pasa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Емин-паша – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Емин-паша" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="امين باشا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امين باشا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Schnitzer" title="Eduard Schnitzer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eduard Schnitzer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pasha" title="Emin Pasha – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Emin Pasha" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_Pasza" title="Mehmed Emin Pasza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mehmed Emin Pasza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Эмин-паша – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эмин-паша" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Емин паша – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Емин паша" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Schnitzer" title="Eduard Schnitzer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eduard Schnitzer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pascha" title="Emin Pascha – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Emin Pascha" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Emin_Pa%C5%9Fa_(k%C3%A2%C5%9Fif)" title="Mehmet Emin Paşa (kâşif) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mehmet Emin Paşa (kâşif)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Мехмед Емін-Паша – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мехмед Емін-Паша" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%95%8F%E5%B8%95%E5%A4%8F" title="艾敏帕夏 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾敏帕夏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German-born Ottoman physician (1840–1892)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Mehmed Emin Pasha, see <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_Pasha_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mehmed Emin Pasha (disambiguation)">Mehmed Emin Pasha</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish">Ottoman Turkish</a> style name, the <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a> is <i> Emin</i>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_titles_and_appellations" title="List of Ottoman titles and appellations">title</a> is <i><a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a></i>, and there is no family name.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mehmed Emin</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Emin_Pasha_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Emin_Pasha_001.jpg/220px-Emin_Pasha_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Emin_Pasha_001.jpg/330px-Emin_Pasha_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Emin_Pasha_001.jpg/440px-Emin_Pasha_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Isaak Eduard Schnitzer</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1840-03-28</span>)</span>March 28, 1840<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian Silesia">Prussian Silesia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 23, 1892<span style="display:none">(1892-10-23)</span> (aged 52)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Kinena Station, <a href="/wiki/Nyangwe" title="Nyangwe">Nyangwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Society_for_Anthropology_and_Geography" title="Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography">Vega Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1890)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schnitzler,_Edward,_Emin_Pacha,_par_Carletti,_BNF_Gallica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Schnitzler%2C_Edward%2C_Emin_Pacha%2C_par_Carletti%2C_BNF_Gallica.jpg/185px-Schnitzler%2C_Edward%2C_Emin_Pacha%2C_par_Carletti%2C_BNF_Gallica.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Schnitzler%2C_Edward%2C_Emin_Pacha%2C_par_Carletti%2C_BNF_Gallica.jpg/278px-Schnitzler%2C_Edward%2C_Emin_Pacha%2C_par_Carletti%2C_BNF_Gallica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Schnitzler%2C_Edward%2C_Emin_Pacha%2C_par_Carletti%2C_BNF_Gallica.jpg/370px-Schnitzler%2C_Edward%2C_Emin_Pacha%2C_par_Carletti%2C_BNF_Gallica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1607" data-file-height="2094" /></a><figcaption>Schnitzer in 1875</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mehmed Emin Pasha</b> (born <b>Isaak Eduard Schnitzer</b>, baptized <b>Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer</b>; March 28, 1840 – October 23, 1892) was an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">German Jewish</a> origin, <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">naturalist</a>, and governor of the <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Equatoria" title="Equatoria">Equatoria</a> on the upper <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> conferred the title "<a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a>" on him in 1886, and thereafter he was referred to as "Emin Pasha". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Pasha&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emin was born in <a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Oppeln</a> (in present-day <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>), <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a>, into a middle-class <a href="/wiki/German_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jewish">German Jewish</a> family, who moved to <a href="/wiki/Nysa,_Poland" title="Nysa, Poland">Neisse</a> when he was two years old. After the death of his father in 1845, his mother married a <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>; she and her children were baptized <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a>. He was a student at the Kolegium Carolinum Neisse in <a href="/wiki/Nysa,_Poland" title="Nysa, Poland">Nysa, Poland</a>, at the universities at <a href="/wiki/Breslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Breslau">Breslau</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, qualifying as a physician in 1864. However, he was disqualified from practice, and left Germany for <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, with the intention of entering <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> service. </p><p>Travelling via <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, he stopped at <a href="/wiki/Antivari" class="mw-redirect" title="Antivari">Antivari</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, found himself welcomed by the local community, and was soon practicing medicine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He put his linguistic talent to good use, as well, adding <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> to his repertoire of languages. He became the <a href="/wiki/Quarantine" title="Quarantine">quarantine</a> officer of the port, leaving only in 1870 to join the staff of Ismail Hakki Pasha, governor of <a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">northern Albania</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the service, he travelled throughout the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, although the details are little-known. </p><p>When Hakki Pasha died in 1873, Emin went back to Neisse with the pasha's widow and children, where he passed them off as his own family, but left suddenly in September 1875, reappearing in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> and then departing for <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, where he arrived in December. At this point he took the name "Mehemet Emin" (Arabic <i>Muhammad al-Amin</i>), started a medical practice, and began collecting <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, many of which he sent to <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museums</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. Although some regarded him as a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, it is not clear if he ever actually converted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon" title="Charles George Gordon">Charles George Gordon</a> (‘Gordon of Khartoum’), then governor of <a href="/wiki/Equatoria" title="Equatoria">Equatoria</a>, heard of Emin's presence and invited him to be the chief medical officer of the province; Emin assented and arrived there in May 1876. Gordon immediately sent Emin on diplomatic missions to <a href="/wiki/Bunyoro" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Muteesa_I_of_Buganda" title="Muteesa I of Buganda">Muteesa I of Buganda</a> to the south, where Emin's modest style and fluency in <a href="/wiki/Luganda_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luganda language">Luganda</a> were quite popular. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emin_pasha_monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Emin pasha monument in Uganda by Micheal Kaluba (2022)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Emin_pasha_monument.jpg/220px-Emin_pasha_monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Emin_pasha_monument.jpg/330px-Emin_pasha_monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Emin_pasha_monument.jpg/440px-Emin_pasha_monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>Emin pasha monument in Uganda (2022)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emil_Bey_route.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emil_Bey_route.jpg/290px-Emil_Bey_route.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emil_Bey_route.jpg/435px-Emil_Bey_route.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emil_Bey_route.jpg/580px-Emil_Bey_route.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1503" /></a><figcaption>Emin Bey's travels</figcaption></figure> <p>After 1876, Emin made <a href="/wiki/Lado,_South_Sudan" title="Lado, South Sudan">Lado</a> his base for collecting expeditions throughout the region. In 1878, the <a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Khedive of Egypt</a> appointed Emin as Gordon's successor to govern the province, giving him the title of <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Bey</a>. Despite the grand title, there was little for Emin to do; his military force consisted of a few thousand soldiers who controlled no more than a mile's radius around each of their outposts, and the government in Khartoum was indifferent to his proposals for development. He showed himself to be a bitter foe of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-colliers_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colliers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1879 General Gordon gave <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lupton" title="Frank Lupton">Frank Lupton</a> command of a flotilla of river steamers to relieve Emin. When Lupton reached Lado almost two years later he found that Emin did not want to be relieved. He became Emin's deputy, in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Latuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Latuka">Latuka</a> district based at Tarangole.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The revolt of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Muhammad Ahmad">Muhammad Ahmad</a> that began in 1881 had cut Equatoria off from the outside world by 1883, and the following year, <a href="/wiki/Karam_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Karam Allah">Karam Allah</a> marched south to capture Equatoria and Emin. In 1885, Emin and most of his forces withdrew further south, to <a href="/wiki/Wadelai" title="Wadelai">Wadelai</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Albert_(Africa)" title="Lake Albert (Africa)">Lake Albert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cut off from communications to the north, he was still able to exchange mail with <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> through <a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a>. Determined to remain in Equatoria, his communiques, carried by his friend <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Junker" title="Wilhelm Junker">Wilhelm Junker</a>, aroused considerable sentiment in Europe in 1886, particularly acute after the death of Gordon the previous year. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Emin_Pasha%27a_Province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map_of_Emin_Pasha%27a_Province.jpg/290px-Map_of_Emin_Pasha%27a_Province.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map_of_Emin_Pasha%27a_Province.jpg/435px-Map_of_Emin_Pasha%27a_Province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map_of_Emin_Pasha%27a_Province.jpg/580px-Map_of_Emin_Pasha%27a_Province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>Map from Stanley’s book ‘In Darkest Africa’</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition" title="Emin Pasha Relief Expedition">Emin Pasha Relief Expedition</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morton_Stanley" title="Henry Morton Stanley">Henry Morton Stanley</a>, undertook to rescue Emin by going up the <a href="/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Congo River</a> and then through the <a href="/wiki/Ituri_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Ituri Forest">Ituri Forest</a>, an extraordinarily difficult route that resulted in the loss of two-thirds of the expedition. Precise details of this trek are recorded in the published diaries of the expedition's non-African "officers" (e.g., Major <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Musgrave_Barttelot" title="Edmund Musgrave Barttelot">Edmund Musgrave Barttelot</a>, Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Grant_Stairs" title="William Grant Stairs">William Grant Stairs</a>, Mr. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Jephson" title="Arthur Jephson">Arthur Jephson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heazle_Parke" title="Thomas Heazle Parke">Thomas Heazle Parke</a>, surgeon of the expedition). Stanley met Emin in April 1888, and after a year spent in argument and indecision, during which Emin and Jephson were imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Dufile" title="Dufile">Dufile</a> by troops who mutinied from August to November 1888, Emin was convinced to leave for the coast. The bulk of his forces remained near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Albert_(Africa)" title="Lake Albert (Africa)">Lake Albert</a> until 1890, when <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lugard,_1st_Baron_Lugard" title="Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard">Frederick Lugard</a> took them with him to Kampala Hill, where they participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kampala_Hill" title="Battle of Kampala Hill">Battle of Kampala Hill</a>. Stanley and Emin arrived in <a href="/wiki/Bagamoyo" title="Bagamoyo">Bagamoyo</a> in 1890. During celebrations, Emin was injured when he stepped through a window he mistook for an opening to a balcony. Emin spent two months in a hospital recovering, while Stanley left without being able to bring him back in triumph.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The introduction of <a href="/wiki/African_trypanosomiasis" title="African trypanosomiasis">sleeping sickness</a> in Uganda was attributed to the movement of Emin and his followers. Prior to the 1890s, sleeping sickness was unknown in Uganda, but the <a href="/wiki/Tsetse_fly" title="Tsetse fly">tsetse fly</a> was probably brought by Emin from the Congo territory.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emin then entered the service of the <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa_Company" title="German East Africa Company">German East Africa Company</a> and accompanied <a href="/wiki/Franz_Stuhlmann" title="Franz Stuhlmann">Dr. Stuhlmann</a> on an expedition to the lakes in the interior, but was killed by two <a href="/wiki/East_African_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="East African slave trade">Arab slave traders</a> at Kinena Station in the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-colliers_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colliers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near <a href="/wiki/Nyangwe" title="Nyangwe">Nyangwe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 23 or 24 October 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Pasha&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He added greatly to the <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropological</a> knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">central Africa</a> and published valuable <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographical</a> papers.<sup id="cite_ref-colliers_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colliers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1890 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Founder%27s_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Founder's Medal">Founder's Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxon_named_in_his_honor">Taxon named in his honor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Pasha&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taxon named in his honor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emin Pasha is commemorated in the scientific name of an East African species of <a href="/wiki/Leptotyphlopidae" title="Leptotyphlopidae">leptotyphlopid</a> snake, Emin Pasha's worm snake <i><a href="/wiki/Leptotyphlops_emini" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptotyphlops emini">Leptotyphlops emini</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an East African species of <i><a href="/wiki/Passer" title="Passer">Passer</a></i> sparrow, the <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_sparrow" title="Chestnut sparrow">chestnut sparrow</a> <i>Passer eminibey</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also honoured in both the <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> and common name of <a href="/wiki/Emin%27s_shrike" title="Emin's shrike">Emin's shrike</a> (<i>Lanius gubernator</i>), the specific name means governor.<sup id="cite_ref-Jobling_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jobling-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Pasha&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition" title="Emin Pasha Relief Expedition">Emin Pasha Relief Expedition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Pasha&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-eb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Emin Pasha"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Emin_Pasha">"Emin Pasha" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Emin+Pasha&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmin+Pasha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-colliers-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-colliers_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-colliers_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-colliers_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1921" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Schnitzer, Edward"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Schnitzer,_Edward">"Schnitzer, Edward" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schnitzer%2C+Edward&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=P.+F.+Collier+%26+Son+Company&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmin+Pasha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacro1947" class="citation cs2">Macro, E. (1947), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716507">"Frank Miller Lupton"</a>, <i>Sudan Notes and Records</i>, <b>28</b>, University of Khartoum: 50–61, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716507">41716507</a> – via <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=Frank+Miller+Lupton&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=50-61&rft.date=1947&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716507%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Macro&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmin+Pasha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlenoff2010" class="citation journal cs1">Schlenoff, Daniel C. (September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26002151">"50, 100 & 150 YEARS AGO"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>303</b> (3): 12 – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=50%2C+100+%26+150+YEARS+AGO&rft.volume=303&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2010-09&rft.aulast=Schlenoff&rft.aufirst=Daniel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26002151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmin+Pasha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeach1914" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Emin Pasha"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Emin_Pasha">"Emin Pasha" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Emin+Pasha&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=F.+E.+Compton+and+Co&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmin+Pasha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927221002/http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/C5962519-882A-4C67-803D-0037308C756D/0/GoldMedallists18322011.pdf">"List of Past Gold Medal Winners"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Royal Geographical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/C5962519-882A-4C67-803D-0037308C756D/0/GoldMedallists18322011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Past+Gold+Medal+Winners&rft.pub=Royal+Geographical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2FC5962519-882A-4C67-803D-0037308C756D%2F0%2FGoldMedallists18322011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmin+Pasha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bo_Beolens" class="extiw" title="species:Bo Beolens">Beolens, Bo</a>; <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Michael_Watkins" class="extiw" title="species:Michael Watkins">Watkins, Michael</a>; Grayson, Michael (2011). <i>The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles</i>. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5">978-1-4214-0135-5</a>. ("Emin", p. 83).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2003). <i>Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds</i>. London: Christopher Helm. 400 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-6647-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-6647-1">0-7136-6647-1</a>. ("Emin Bey", p. 119).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jobling-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jobling_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobling2010" class="citation book cs1">Jobling, James A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling"><i>The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names</i></a>. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n120">120</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-2501-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-2501-4"><bdi>978-1-4081-2501-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Helm+Dictionary+of+Scientific+Bird+Names&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Christopher+Helm&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4&rft.aulast=Jobling&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHelm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmin+Pasha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emin_Pasha&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohun1895" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mohun" title="Richard Mohun">Mohun, R. Dorsey</a> (February 1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070329205827/http://congostate.blogspot.com/2006/01/death-of-emin-pasha.html">"The Death of Emin Pasha"</a>. <i>The Century</i>. Congo Free State. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://congostate.blogspot.com/2006/01/death-of-emin-pasha.html">the original</a> on 2007-03-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Century&rft.atitle=The+Death+of+Emin+Pasha&rft.date=1895-02&rft.aulast=Mohun&rft.aufirst=R.+Dorsey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcongostate.blogspot.com%2F2006%2F01%2Fdeath-of-emin-pasha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmin+Pasha" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Emin_Pasha" class="extiw" title="commons:Emin Pasha"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Emin Pasha</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Pasha%2C%20Emin%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Emin%20Pasha%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pasha%2C%20Emin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Emin%20Pasha%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pasha%2C%20E%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Emin%20Pasha%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Pasha%2C%20Emin%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Emin%20Pasha%22%29%20OR%20%28%221840-1892%22%20AND%20Pasha%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Emin Pasha</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.J._Mounteney_Jephson" class="mw-redirect" title="A.J. Mounteney Jephson">A.J. Mounteney Jephson</a>, <i>Diary</i>, Edited by Dorothy Middleton, <a href="/wiki/Hakluyt_Society" title="Hakluyt Society">Hakluyt Society</a> 1969</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thekesters.net/Genealogy/Pappenheim_II.html">Emin Pasha's family genealogy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/015814">Newspaper clippings about Emin Pasha</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60271#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000080211529">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/89016430">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1783/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118530135">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50006728">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120448202">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120448202">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00872080">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35764214">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20120723003&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5159032">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073361151">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/53197">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000232093">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=242082">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jlll6q4l20r9t">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810594612505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/278751">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007304723005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058618401706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14713601">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0529345X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/eduard-schnitzer/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1076733">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118530135.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118530135">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028658159">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emin_Pasha&oldid=1257397013">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emin_Pasha&oldid=1257397013</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1840_births" title="Category:1840 births">1840 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1892_deaths" title="Category:1892 deaths">1892 deaths</a></li><li><a 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