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id="toc-Early_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nazarenes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazarenes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Nazarenes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazarenes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Modern usage </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Modern usage subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Definition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrew_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Hebrew terms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabic_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabic_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Arabic terms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabic_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asian_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asian_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Asian terms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asian_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_European_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_European_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Eastern European terms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_European_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_non-religious_usages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_non-religious_usages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Other non-religious usages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_non-religious_usages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Socioeconomics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socioeconomics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Socioeconomics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socioeconomics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persecution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persecution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Persecution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persecution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Christians</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" > 89 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christene" title="Christene – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Christene" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ" title="Christ – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Christ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="مسيحيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسيحيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%9A%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܡܫܝܚܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܫܝܚܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristian" title="Xristian – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xristian" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="مسیحی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مسیحی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="খ্রিস্টান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খ্রিস্টান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Хрысціянін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хрысціянін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristiyano" title="Kristiyano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kristiyano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Християни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Християни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristi%C3%A0" title="Cristià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cristià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristohanon" title="Kristohanon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kristohanon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99es%C5%A5an" title="Křesťan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křesťan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakristu" title="Vakristu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vakristu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ" title="Christ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianos" title="Cristianos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristianos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristano" title="Kristano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristau" title="Kristau – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristau" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="مسیحی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسیحی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristin" title="Kristin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kristin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Chrétien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chrétien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" title="Kristen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kristen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian" title="Cristian – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cristian" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ACosdaidh" title="Crìosdaidh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Crìosdaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="ЖӀаргахой – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ЖӀаргахой" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AE-tuk-th%C3%B9" title="Kî-tuk-thù – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kî-tuk-thù" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%B8" title="기독교인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기독교인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirista" title="Kirista – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kirista" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քրիստոնյաներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրիստոնյաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="ईसाई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईसाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onye_Kra%E1%BB%8Bst" title="Onye Kraịst – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Onye Kraịst" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umat_Kristen" title="Umat Kristen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Umat Kristen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiano" title="Christiano – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Christiano" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_(religione)" title="Cristiano (religione) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristiano (religione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="נוצרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוצרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ನರು/ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ನರು/ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kretyen" title="Kretyen – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kretyen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianos" title="Kristianos – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kristianos" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%99" title="ຊາວຄຣິສະຕຽນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊາວຄຣິສະຕຽນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianus" title="Christianus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christianus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristie%C5%A1i" title="Kristieši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kristieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Христианар – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Христианар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niha_Keriso" title="Niha Keriso – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Niha Keriso" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokl%C3%ADsto" title="Moklísto – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Moklísto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Христијани – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Христијани" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianina" title="Kristianina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kristianina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8" title="ख्रिश्चन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ख्रिश्चन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kristian" title="Orang Kristian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Kristian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯌꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯌꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%AD-d%C3%B3k-d%C3%B9" title="Gĭ-dók-dù – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭ-dók-dù" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ခရစ်ယာန်ဘာသာဝင်များ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရစ်ယာန်ဘာသာဝင်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christen" title="Christen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="キリスト教徒 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キリスト教徒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" title="Kristen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kristen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristne" title="Kristne – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kristne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiristaanaa" title="Kiristaanaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kiristaanaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="مسیحی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مسیحی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A" title="مسيحي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مسيحي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" title="Kristen – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kristen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ" title="Christ – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Christ" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrze%C5%9Bcijanin" title="Chrześcijanin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chrześcijanin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%A3o" title="Cristão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristianlar" title="Xristianlar – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Xristianlar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cre%C8%99tin" title="Creștin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Creștin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Христианин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Христианин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="क्रैस्ताः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्रैस्ताः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AB_krishter%C3%ABt" title="Të krishterët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Të krishterët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian" title="Christian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kres%C5%A5an" title="Kresťan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kresťan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristjani" title="Kristjani – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kristjani" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="مەسیحی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەسیحی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хришћани – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хришћани" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hri%C5%A1%C4%87anin" title="Hrišćanin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hrišćanin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristitty" title="Kristitty – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kristitty" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கிறிஸ்தவர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறிஸ்தவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="คริสต์ศาสนิกชน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ศาสนิกชน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Насрониён – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Насрониён" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತೆರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತೆರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristiyan" title="Hristiyan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hristiyan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofo" title="Kristofo – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kristofo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Християни – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Християни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="مسیحی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مسیحی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%C3%B4_h%E1%BB%AFu" title="Kitô hữu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kitô hữu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="基督徒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81s%C3%ACn_Kr%C3%ADst%C3%AC" title="Ẹlẹ́sìn Krístì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹlẹ́sìn Krístì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基督徒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C4%B1ristiyan" title="Xıristiyan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Xıristiyan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基督徒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klis%C3%A1w%C3%B9n" title="Klisáwùn – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Klisáwùn" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106039#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">People who adhere to Christianity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Christian" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Christian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Christian (disambiguation)">Christian (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Christians</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/450px-Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/600px-Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6688" data-file-height="5396" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">After the <a href="/wiki/Miraculous_catch_of_fish" title="Miraculous catch of fish">miraculous catch of fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> invokes his disciples to become "<a href="/wiki/Fishers_of_men" title="Fishers of men">fishers of men</a>" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#4:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 4:19</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, (c.1515)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2.4 billion (31.1% of the global population)<img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> (Worldwide, 2020 est.)<a href="#cite_note-globalreligiousfutures.org-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-All_Religions_global_totals-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-gordonconwell.edu-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Founder</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus Christ</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition#In_the_Catholic_and_Orthodox_churches" title="Sacred tradition">sacred tradition</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">246,790,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Brazil">175,770,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Mexico">107,780,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Russia" title="Christianity in Russia">105,220,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Philippines" title="Christianity in the Philippines">86,790,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nigeria" title="Christianity in Nigeria">80,510,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">67,070,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/DR_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="DR Congo">DR Congo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Christianity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">63,150,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Germany">58,240,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Ethiopia" title="Christianity in Ethiopia">52,580,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Italy" title="Christianity in Italy">51,550,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the United Kingdom">45,030,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">28,000,000</a><a href="#cite_note-Melton1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baumann1-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Religions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>50% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></li><li>37% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a> and other denominations)<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></li><li>10% <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></li><li>2% <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></li><li>1% Other Christian traditions (incl. <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational churches</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Scriptures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Predominant spoken languages:<a href="#cite_note-Wiley-Blackwell1-8">[8]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Principal symbol of Christianity"><img alt="Principal symbol of Christianity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li><li>Foundations</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="God the Father (Christianity)">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">(full list)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Free Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian [Hussite]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United Protestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational Christianity</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_Church_of_God_International" title="Members Church of God International">Members Church of God International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church (Swedenborgian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_churches" title="List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches">Unitarians and Universalists</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> A Christian (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkrɪstʃən, -tiən/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fd\/En-us-Christian.ogg\/En-us-Christian.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Christian.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/En-us-Christian.ogg/En-us-Christian.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Christian.ogg" title="File:En-us-Christian.ogg">ⓘ</a>) is a person who follows or adheres to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamic religion">Abrahamic religion</a> based on the life and teachings of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus Christ</a>. Christians form the largest religious community in the world.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The words <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> and Christian derive from the <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> title Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a> term <a href="/wiki/Mashiach" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashiach">mashiach</a> (מָשִׁיחַ) (usually rendered as messiah in English).<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict,<a href="#cite_note-Woodhead_2004_n.p-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.<a href="#cite_note-Woodhead_2004_n.p-13">[13]</a> The term Christian used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or <a href="/wiki/Christian_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian churches">Christian churches</a>, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like."<a href="#cite_note-CCEL-15">[15]</a> According to a 2011 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a> Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, about 26% live in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, 24% live in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>, about 13% live in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a>, and 1% live in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a> Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a> 280 million Christians live as a <a href="/wiki/Minority_group" title="Minority group">minority</a>. About half of all Christians worldwide are <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, while more than a third are <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> (37%).<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Orthodox</a> communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a> Other Christian groups make up the remainder. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a> According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey, Christianity will remain the <a href="/wiki/Major_religious_groups#Largest_religious_groups" title="Major religious groups">world's largest religion</a> in 2050, if current trends continue. In recent history, Christians have <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">experienced persecution</a> of varying severity, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_East" title="Christianity in the Middle East">Middle-East</a>, North Africa, <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_genocide_2019_BBC-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kay_2019_NP-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wintour_2019_Guardian-18">[18]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The Greek word Χριστιανός (Christianos), meaning 'follower of Christ', comes from Χριστός (Christos), meaning '<a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">anointed one</a>',<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> with an adjectival ending borrowed from Latin to denote adhering to, or even belonging to, as in slave ownership.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, christos was used to translate the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> מָשִׁיחַ (Mašíaḥ, '<a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messiah</a>'), meaning "[one who is] anointed".<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In other European languages, equivalent words to Christian are likewise derived from the Greek, such as chrétien in French and cristiano in Spanish. The abbreviations Xian and Xtian (and similarly formed other parts of speech) have been used since at least the 17th century: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> shows a 1634 use of Xtianity and Xian is seen in a 1634–38 diary.<a href="#cite_note-oed-x-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The word <a href="/wiki/Xmas" title="Xmas">Xmas</a> uses a similar contraction. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_usage">Early usage</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antioch_Saint_Pierre_Church_Front.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Antioch_Saint_Pierre_Church_Front.JPG/200px-Antioch_Saint_Pierre_Church_Front.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Antioch_Saint_Pierre_Church_Front.JPG/300px-Antioch_Saint_Pierre_Church_Front.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Antioch_Saint_Pierre_Church_Front.JPG/400px-Antioch_Saint_Pierre_Church_Front.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Peter" title="Church of Saint Peter">Church of Saint Peter</a> near <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a>), the city where the <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a> were called "Christians"<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></figcaption></figure> The first recorded use of the term (or its <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognates</a> in other languages) is in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Acts_11" title="Acts 11">Acts 11</a> after Barnabas brought Saul (Paul) to <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Antioch</a> where they taught the <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a> for about a year. The text says that "the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch" (<a href="/wiki/Acts_11:26" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts 11:26">Acts 11:26</a>). The second mention of the term follows in <a href="/wiki/Acts_26" title="Acts 26">Acts 26</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa_II" title="Herod Agrippa II">Herod Agrippa II</a> replied to <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a>, "Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian." (<a href="/wiki/Acts_26:28" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts 26:28">Acts 26:28</a>). The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in <a href="/wiki/1_Peter_4" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Peter 4">1 Peter 4</a>, which exhorts believers: "Yet if [any man suffer] as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but let him glorify God on this behalf." (<a href="/wiki/1_Peter_4:16" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Peter 4:16">1 Peter 4:16</a>). Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknames.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> However Peter's apparent endorsement of the term led to its being preferred over "Nazarenes" and the term Christianoi from <a href="/wiki/1_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Peter">1 Peter</a> becomes the standard term in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church Fathers">Early Church Fathers</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a> onwards.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The earliest occurrences of the term in non-Christian literature include <a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a>, referring to "the tribe of Christians, so named from him;"<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Younger" title="Pliny the Younger">Pliny the Younger</a> in <a href="/wiki/Epistulae_(Pliny)" title="Epistulae (Pliny)">correspondence with Trajan</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacitus on Christ">Tacitus</a>, writing near the end of the 1st century. In the <a href="/wiki/Annals_(Tacitus)" title="Annals (Tacitus)">Annals</a> he relates that "by vulgar appellation [they were] commonly called Christians"<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> and identifies Christians as <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>'s scapegoats for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Rome" title="Great Fire of Rome">Great Fire of Rome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazarenes">Nazarenes</h3></div> Another <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_synonyms" title="List of Christian synonyms">term for Christians</a> which appears in the New Testament is <a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(title)" title="Nazarene (title)">Nazarenes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> is named as a Nazarene in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_2:23" title="Matthew 2:23">Matthew 2:23</a>, while Paul is said to be Nazarene in <a href="/wiki/Acts_24:5" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts 24:5">Acts 24:5</a>. The latter verse makes it clear that Nazarene also referred to the name of a sect or heresy, as well as the town called Nazareth.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research?</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The term Nazarene was also used by the Jewish lawyer <a href="/wiki/Tertullus" title="Tertullus">Tertullus</a> (Against Marcion 4:8), who records the phrase "the Jews call us Nazarenes." While around 331 AD <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a>, and that in earlier centuries "Christians" were once called "Nazarenes".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The Hebrew equivalent of Nazarenes, Notzrim, occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, and is still the modern Israeli Hebrew term for Christian. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MII_(cropped)-Tacitus-chrestianos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/MII_%28cropped%29-Tacitus-chrestianos.png/220px-MII_%28cropped%29-Tacitus-chrestianos.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/MII_%28cropped%29-Tacitus-chrestianos.png/330px-MII_%28cropped%29-Tacitus-chrestianos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/MII_%28cropped%29-Tacitus-chrestianos.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="148" /></a><figcaption>chrestianos, first mention of Christians in <a href="/wiki/Annals_(Tacitus)" title="Annals (Tacitus)">Tacitus' Annals</a>. 11th century copy.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChristianityPUA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ChristianityPUA.svg/220px-ChristianityPUA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ChristianityPUA.svg/330px-ChristianityPUA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ChristianityPUA.svg/440px-ChristianityPUA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Latin cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ichthys" title="Ichthys">Ichthys</a> symbols, two symbols often used by Christians to represent <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">their religion</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition">Definition</h3></div> A wide range of beliefs and practices are found across the world among those who call themselves Christian. <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a> and sects disagree on a common definition of "Christianity". For example, <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Beal" title="Timothy Beal">Timothy Beal</a> notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows: <blockquote>Although all of them have their historical roots in Christian theology and tradition, and although most would identify themselves as Christian, many would not identify others within the larger category as Christian. Most Baptists and fundamentalists (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Fundamentalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Fundamentalism">Christian Fundamentalism</a>), for example, would not acknowledge Mormonism or Christian Science as Christian. In fact, the nearly 77 percent of Americans who self-identify as Christian are a diverse pluribus of Christianities that are far from any collective unity.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Linda_Woodhead" title="Linda Woodhead">Linda Woodhead</a> attempts to provide a common belief thread for Christians by noting that "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance."<a href="#cite_note-Woodhead_2004_n.p-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Martin (philosopher)">Michael Martin</a> evaluated three historical Christian creeds (the <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a>) to establish a set of basic Christian assumptions which include belief in <a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">theism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">historicity of Jesus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_soteriology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian soteriology">salvation</a> through faith in Jesus, and <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian views of Jesus">Jesus</a> as an ethical role model.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew_terms">Hebrew terms</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_17818_Cities_in_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/PikiWiki_Israel_17818_Cities_in_Israel.jpg/200px-PikiWiki_Israel_17818_Cities_in_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/PikiWiki_Israel_17818_Cities_in_Israel.jpg/300px-PikiWiki_Israel_17818_Cities_in_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/PikiWiki_Israel_17818_Cities_in_Israel.jpg/400px-PikiWiki_Israel_17818_Cities_in_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a> is described as the childhood home of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. Many languages employ the word <a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(title)" title="Nazarene (title)">Nazarene</a> as a general designation for those of Christian faith.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></figcaption></figure> The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוֹצְרִי (Notzri 'Nazarene'), a <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudic</a> term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilean</a> village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Adherents of <a href="/wiki/Messianic_Judaism" title="Messianic Judaism">Messianic Judaism</a> are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מְשִׁיחִיִּים (Yehudim Meshihi'im 'Messianic Jews'). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabic_terms">Arabic terms</h3></div> In <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arabic-speaking cultures</a>, two words are commonly used for Christians: Naṣrānī (نصراني), plural Naṣārā (نصارى) is generally understood to be derived from <a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)" title="Nazarene (sect)">Nazarenes</a>, believers of Jesus of Nazareth through <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> (Aramaic); Masīḥī (مسيحي) means followers of the Messiah.<a href="#cite_note-SOFIR-36">[36]</a> Where there is a distinction, Naṣrānī refers to people from a Christian culture and Masīḥī is used by Christians themselves for those with a religious faith in Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-Tayler-37">[37]</a> In some countries Naṣrānī tends to be used generically for non-Muslim Western foreigners.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Another Arabic word sometimes used for Christians, particularly in a political context, is Ṣalībī (صليبي 'Crusader') from ṣalīb (صليب 'cross'), which refers to <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a> and may have negative connotations.<a href="#cite_note-SOFIR-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> However, Ṣalībī is a modern term; historically, Muslim writers described European Christian Crusaders as al-Faranj or Alfranj (الفرنج) and Firinjīyah (الفرنجيّة) in Arabic.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> This word comes from the name of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> and can be seen in the Arab history text <a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil_fi_al-Tarikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh">Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Athir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn al-Athir">Ali ibn al-Athir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asian_terms">Asian terms</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Christians" title="Special:EditPage/Christians">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The most common <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> word is Masīhī (مسیحی), from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>. Other words are Nasrānī (نصرانی), from <a href="/wiki/Classical_Syriac" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Syriac">Syriac</a> for 'Nazarene', and Tarsā (ترسا), from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> word Tarsāg, also meaning 'Christian', derived from tars, meaning 'fear, respect'.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> An old Kurdish word for Christian frequently in usage was felle (فەڵە), coming from the root word meaning 'to be saved, attain salvation'.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The Syriac term Nasrani ('Nazarene') has also been attached to the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India. In <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">northern India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, Christians are referred to ʿĪsāʾī (<a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: ईसाई, <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: عیسائی).<a href="#cite_note-John2020-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Masīhī (<a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: मसीही, <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: مسیحی) is a term Christians use to refer to themselves as well.<a href="#cite_note-Bharati2004-48">[48]</a> In the past, the <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a> used to call Christians in <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> by the Portuguese loanword Serani (from Arabic Naṣrānī), but the term now refers to the modern <a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">Kristang</a> creoles of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian language</a>, the term Nasrani is also used alongside Kristen. The Chinese word is <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:基督">基督</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BE%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:徒">徒</a> (jīdū tú), literally 'Christ follower'. The name Christ was originally phonetically written in Chinese as 基利斯督, which was later abbreviated as 基督.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The term is Kî-tuk in the southern <a href="/wiki/Hakka_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka dialect">Hakka dialect</a>; the two characters are pronounced Jīdū in Mandarin Chinese. In Vietnam, the same two characters read <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_%C4%91%E1%BB%91c" class="extiw" title="wikt:Cơ đốc">Cơ đốc</a>, and a "follower of Christianity" is a tín đồ Cơ đốc giáo. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JapaneseChristiansInPortugueseCostume16-17thCentury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/JapaneseChristiansInPortugueseCostume16-17thCentury.jpg/200px-JapaneseChristiansInPortugueseCostume16-17thCentury.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/JapaneseChristiansInPortugueseCostume16-17thCentury.jpg/300px-JapaneseChristiansInPortugueseCostume16-17thCentury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/JapaneseChristiansInPortugueseCostume16-17thCentury.jpg/400px-JapaneseChristiansInPortugueseCostume16-17thCentury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2209" data-file-height="2070" /></a><figcaption>Japanese Christians (Kurisuchan) in Portuguese costume, 16–17th century</figcaption></figure> In Japan, the term <a href="/wiki/Kirishitan" title="Kirishitan">kirishitan</a> (written in Edo period documents 吉利支丹, 切支丹, and in modern Japanese histories as キリシタン), from Portuguese cristão, referred to Roman Catholics in the 16th and 17th centuries before the religion was banned by the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>. Today, Christians are referred to in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Japanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Japanese">Standard Japanese</a> as キリスト教徒 (Kirisuto-kyōto) or the English-derived term クリスチャン (kurisuchan). Korean still uses 기독교도 (<a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Revised Romanization">RR</a>: Gidokkyodo) for 'Christian', though the Portuguese loanword 그리스도 (RR: Geuriseudo) now replaced the old <a href="/wiki/Sino-Korean_vocabulary" title="Sino-Korean vocabulary">Sino-Korean</a> 기독 (RR: Gidok), which refers to Christ himself. In Thailand, the most common terms are คนคริสต์ (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: khon khrit) or ชาวคริสต์ (RTGS: chao khrit) which literally means 'Christ person/people' or 'Jesus person/people'. The Thai word คริสต์ (RTGS: khrit) is derived from Christ. In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, the most common terms are Kristiyano (for 'Christian') and {{lang[fil|Kristiyanismo}} (for 'Christianity') in most <a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a>; both derive from Spanish cristiano and cristianismo (also used in <a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a>) due to the country's rich history of early Christianity during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish colonial era</a>. Some Protestants in the Philippines use the term Kristiyano (before the term <a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">born again</a> became popular) to differentiate themselves from <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Catholics</a> (Katoliko). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_European_terms">Eastern European terms</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Christians" title="Special:EditPage/Christians">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (December 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia has a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called Scythia, the geographical area of <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a> – Christians already lived there.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially – initially <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> (301 AD) and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> (337 AD), later <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 864) and <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kyivan Rus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 988 AD). In some areas, people came to denote themselves as Christians (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: христиане, крестьяне; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: християни, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: khrystyiany) and as Russians (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: русские), <a href="/wiki/Ruthenians" title="Ruthenians">Ruthenians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old East Slavic language">Old East Slavic</a>: русини, руснаки, romanized: rusyny, rusnaky), or Ukrainians (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: українці, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: ukraintsi). In time the Russian term крестьяне (khrest'yane) acquired the meaning 'peasants of Christian faith' and later 'peasants' (the main part of the population of the region), while the term <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: христиане (khristiane) retained its religious meaning and the term <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: русские (russkie) began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous Russian nation formed on the basis of common Christian faith and language,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. In the region, the term Orthodox faith (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: православная вера, pravoslavnaia vera) or Russian faith (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: русская вера, russkaia vera) from the earliest times became almost as common as the original Christian faith (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: христианская, крестьянская вера khristianskaia, krestianskaia).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Also in some contexts the term <a href="/wiki/Cossack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cossack">cossack</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old East Slavic language">Old East Slavic</a>: козак, казак, romanized: kozak, kazak) was used to denote "free" Christians of steppe origin and East Slavic language. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_non-religious_usages">Other non-religious usages</h3></div> Nominally "Christian" societies made "Christian" a default label for citizenship or for "people like us".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In this context, religious or ethnic minorities can use "Christians" or "you Christians" loosely as a shorthand term for mainstream members of society who do not belong to their group – even in a thoroughly secular (though formerly Christian) society.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a detailed breakdown of Christian demographics, see <a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">Christianity by country</a>.</div> As of 2020, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> has approximately 2.4 billion adherents.<a href="#cite_note-globalreligiousfutures.org-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-All_Religions_global_totals-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-World-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-ForeignPolicy-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Major_Religions_Ranked_by_Size-55">[55]</a> The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, with 1.3 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Christianity remains the dominant religion in the <a href="/wiki/Western_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Western World">Western World</a>, where 70% are Christians.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">[4]</a> According to a 2012 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> survey, if current trends continue, Christianity will remain the <a href="/wiki/Major_religious_groups#Largest_religious_groups" title="Major religious groups">world's largest religion</a> by 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups—Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for <a href="/wiki/Christian_population_growth" title="Christian population growth">Christian population growth</a>. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> <a href="/wiki/Converted_to_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Converted to Christianity">converted to Christianity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Christianity is growing in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Asia,<a href="#cite_note-Time_2001-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lausanne-62">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Time_2001-59">[59]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Believers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Percent_of_Christians_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Percent_of_Christians_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011.svg/400px-Percent_of_Christians_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Percent_of_Christians_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011.svg/600px-Percent_of_Christians_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Percent_of_Christians_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011.svg/800px-Percent_of_Christians_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption>Percentage of Christians worldwide, June 2014</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <caption>Christians (self-described) by region </caption> <caption>(<a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, 2011)<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#CCCCFF"> <th>Region </th> <th>Christians </th> <th>% Christian </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">558,260,000 </td> <td style="background:#5A4FCF; text-align:center;">75.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>–<a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">531,280,000 </td> <td style="background:#6F00FF; text-align:center;">90.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">517,340,000 </td> <td style="background:#0047AB; text-align:center;">62.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">286,950,000 </td> <td style="background:#ADD8E6; text-align:center;">7.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">266,630,000 </td> <td style="background:#6F00FF; text-align:center;">77.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>–<a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,710,000 </td> <td style="background:#ADD8E6; text-align:center;">3.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>World </th> <th style="text-align:right;">2,173,180,000 </th> <th>31.5 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socioeconomics">Socioeconomics</h3></div> According to a study from 2015, Christians hold the largest amount of wealth (55% of the total world wealth), followed by <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (5.8%), <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> (3.3%) and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> (1.1%). According to the same study it was found that adherents under the classification <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Irreligion</a> or other religions hold about 34.8% of the total global wealth.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> A study done by the nonpartisan wealth research firm New World Wealth found that 56.2% of the 13.1 million millionaires in the world were Christians.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Pew_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Center">Pew Center</a> study about <a href="/wiki/Religiosity_and_education" title="Religiosity and education">religion and education</a> around the world in 2016, found that Christians ranked as the second most educated religious group around in the <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">world</a> after Jews with an average of 9.3 years of schooling,<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> and the highest numbers of years of schooling among Christians were found in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (13.6),<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (13.5)<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> (13.1).<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> Christians were also found to have the second highest number of <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">graduate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-graduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-graduate">post-graduate</a> degrees per capita while in absolute numbers ranked in the first place (220 million).<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> Between the various <a href="/wiki/World_Christianity" title="World Christianity">Christian communities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> outranks other nations in terms of Christians who obtain a university degree in institutions of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> (67%),<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> followed by the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel" title="Christianity in Israel">Christians of Israel</a> (63%),<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Christianity in Georgia (country)">Christians of Georgia</a> (57%).<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> According to the study, Christians in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific</a> regions are highly educated since many of the world's <a href="/wiki/Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a> were built by the historic <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">Christian denominations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> in addition to the historical evidence that "Christian monks built libraries and, in the days before printing presses, preserved important earlier writings produced in Latin, Greek and Arabic".<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> According to the same study, Christians have a significant amount of <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a> in educational attainment,<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> and the study suggests that one of the reasons is the encouragement of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformers" title="Protestant Reformers">Protestant Reformers</a> in promoting the <a href="/wiki/Education_of_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Education of women">education of women</a>, which led to the eradication of illiteracy among females in Protestant communities.<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Christian culture</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collage-Christian-culture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Collage-Christian-culture.jpg/200px-Collage-Christian-culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Collage-Christian-culture.jpg/300px-Collage-Christian-culture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Collage-Christian-culture.jpg/400px-Collage-Christian-culture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1193" /></a><figcaption>Set of pictures showcasing <a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Christian culture</a> and famous Christian leaders</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Christian culture</a> describes the cultural practices common to Christian peoples. There are variations in the application of Christian beliefs in different cultures and traditions.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Christian culture has influenced and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">assimilated</a> much from the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire#Culture" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Caltron_J.H_Hayas-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_East" title="Christianity in the Middle East">Middle Eastern</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slavic_cultures" title="List of Slavic cultures">Slavic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ware1993-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ware1993-78">[78]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Indian cultures</a>. Since the spread of Christianity from the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> to Europe and North Africa and <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> during the early <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, Christendom has been divided in the pre-existing <a href="/wiki/Greek_East_and_Latin_West" title="Greek East and Latin West">Greek East and Latin West</a>. Consequently, different versions of the Christian cultures arose with their own <a href="/wiki/Rite_(Christianity)" title="Rite (Christianity)">rites</a> and practices, centered around the cities such as <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Carthage" title="Archdiocese of Carthage">Carthage</a>, whose communities was called Western or Latin <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>), <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac Christianity</a>), Kerala (<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Indian Christianity</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, among others, whose communities were called Eastern or Oriental Christendom.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cameron_2006_42–49-82">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> was one of the peaks in <a href="/wiki/Christian_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian history">Christian history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian civilization">Christian civilization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cameron_2006_42–49-82">[82]</a> From the 11th to 13th centuries, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Christendom" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Christendom">Latin Christendom</a> rose to the central role of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Crisis_in_Western_Education-83">[83]</a> Western culture, throughout most of its history, has been nearly equivalent to Christian culture, and a large portion of the population of the Western Hemisphere can be described as practicing or nominal Christians. The notion of "Europe" and the "Western World" has been intimately connected with the concept of "Christianity and Christendom".<a href="#cite_note-Crisis_in_Western_Education-83">[83]</a> Outside the Western world, Christians has had an influence and contributed on various cultures, such as in Africa, the Near East, Middle East, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Christians have made noted contributions to a range of fields, including philosophy,<a href="#cite_note-A._Spinello-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christians_in_science_and_technology" title="List of Christians in science and technology">science and technology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Gilley-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Steane-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">medicine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-S._Kroger-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_Church_artists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catholic Church artists">fine arts and architecture</a>,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catholic authors">literatures</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Music">music</a>,<a href="#cite_note-E._McGrath-97">[97]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes a review of the Nobel Prizes award between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prizes">Nobel Prizes</a> Laureates, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Christian Nobel laureates">have identified Christianity</a> in its various forms as their religious preference.<a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Prize-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Persecution">Persecution</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution of Christians</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></div> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Open_Doors" title="Open Doors">Open Doors</a>, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_human_rights_non-governmental_organisations" title="List of Christian human rights non-governmental organisations">human rights NGO</a>, estimated approximately 260 million Christians are subjected annually to "high, very high, or extreme persecution",<a href="#cite_note-Weber_2017_CT-101">[101]</a> with North Korea considered the most hazardous nation for Christians.<a href="#cite_note-Enos_2017_NK-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In 2019, a report<a href="#cite_note-Mounstephen_2019_FCO_interim_rep-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mounstephen_2019_FCO_final_rep-105">[105]</a> commissioned by the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs">Secretary of State</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a> (FCO) to investigate global persecution of Christians found <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">religious persecution</a> has increased, and is highest in the Middle East, North Africa, India, China, North Korea, and Latin America, among others,<a href="#cite_note-Kay_2019_NP-17">[17]</a> and that it is global and not limited to Islamic states.<a href="#cite_note-Mounstephen_2019_FCO_final_rep-105">[105]</a> This investigation found that approximately 80% of persecuted believers worldwide are Christians.<a href="#cite_note-Wintour_2019_Guardian-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Christianity" title="Conversion to Christianity">Conversion to Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Christian">Cultural Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">List of Christian denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">List of Christian denominations by number of members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_synonyms" title="List of Christian synonyms">List of Christian synonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">List of religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">List of religious organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John Christians">Saint John Christians</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-globalreligiousfutures.org-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globalreligiousfutures.org_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalreligiousfutures.org_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christianity+2015%3A+Religious+Diversity+and+Personal+Contact&rft.pub=gordonconwell.edu&rft.date=2015-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gordonconwell.edu%2Fresources%2Fdocuments%2F1IBMR2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Christianity-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_4-24">y</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnalysis2011" class="citation web cs1">Analysis (19 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf">"Global Christianity"</a> (PDF). Pewforum.org. Retrieved 17 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Christianity&rft.pub=Pewforum.org&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.au=Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.pewresearch.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F11%2F2011%2F12%2FChristianity-fullreport-web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2014" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, Bart D. (2014). How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee. HarperOne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-177818-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-177818-6"><bdi>978-0-06-177818-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Jesus+Became+God%3A+The+Exaltation+of+a+Jewish+Preacher+from+Galilee&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-06-177818-6&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melton1-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Melton1_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelton2005" class="citation book cs1">Melton, J. Gordon (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bW3sXBjnokkC&q=number+protestantism+in+india+million&pg=PA284">Encyclopedia of Protestantism</a>. Infobase Publishing. pp. 284–285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6983-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6983-5"><bdi>978-0-8160-6983-5</bdi></a>. <q>Today, the Christian community in India includes approximately 62 million people, about 6 percent of the population. Of these, 14 million are Roman Catholic and 3 million are Orthodox.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Protestantism&rft.pages=284-285&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6983-5&rft.aulast=Melton&rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbW3sXBjnokkC%26q%3Dnumber%2Bprotestantism%2Bin%2Bindia%2Bmillion%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baumann1-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Baumann1_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeltonBaumann2010" class="citation book cs1">Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&q=Encyclopedia+of+Protestantism+india&pg=PA1401">Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes]</a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1399, 1401–1403. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-204-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-204-3"><bdi>978-1-59884-204-3</bdi></a>. <q>Protestants 21,100,000 Independents 18,200,000 Roman Catholics 21,700,000 (2010)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religions+of+the+World%3A+A+Comprehensive+Encyclopedia+of+Beliefs+and+Practices%2C+2nd+Edition+%5B6+volumes%5D&rft.pages=1399%2C+1401-1403&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-204-3&rft.aulast=Melton&rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&rft.au=Baumann%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv2yiyLLOj88C%26q%3DEncyclopedia%2Bof%2BProtestantism%2Bindia%26pg%3DPA1401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wiley-Blackwell1-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Wiley-Blackwell1_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonGrim2013" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf">The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography</a> (PDF). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Religions+in+Figures%3A+An+Introduction+to+International+Religious+Demography&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Todd+M.&rft.au=Grim%2C+Brian+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.johnwiley.com.au%2Fproduct_data%2Fexcerpt%2F47%2F04706745%2F0470674547-196.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> A history of ancient Greek by Maria Chritē, Maria Arapopoulou, Centre for the Greek Language (Thessalonikē, Greece) pg 436 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-83307-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-83307-8">0-521-83307-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilken2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilken, Robert Louis (27 November 2012). The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11884-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11884-1"><bdi>978-0-300-11884-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Thousand+Years%3A+A+Global+History+of+Christianity&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11884-1&rft.aulast=Wilken&rft.aufirst=Robert+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenter2011" class="citation web cs1">Center, Pew Research (19 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/">"Global Christianity - A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population"</a>. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved 7 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Religion+%26+Public+Life+Project&rft.atitle=Global+Christianity+-+A+Report+on+the+Size+and+Distribution+of+the+World%27s+Christian+Population&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=Center&rft.aufirst=Pew+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Freligion%2F2011%2F12%2F19%2Fglobal-christianity-exec%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="#Bickerman-1949">Bickerman (1949)</a> p. 145, "The Christians got their appellation from 'Christus,' that is, 'the Anointed,' the Messiah." </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodhead_2004_n.p-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woodhead_2004_n.p_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodhead_2004_n.p_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodhead_2004_n.p_13-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodhead2004" class="citation book cs1">Woodhead, Linda (2004). Christianity: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. n.p.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=n.p&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Woodhead&rft.aufirst=Linda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeal2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Beal" title="Timothy Beal">Beal, Timothy</a> (2008). Religion in America: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 35, 39. <q>Although all of them have their historical roots in Christian theology and tradition, and although most would identify themselves as Christian, many would not identify others within the larger category as Christian. Most Baptists and Fundamentalists, for example, would not acknowledge Mormonism or Christian Science as Christian. In fact, the nearly 77 percent of Americans who self-identify as Christian are a diverse pluribus of Christianities that are far from any collective unity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+America%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=35%2C+39&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Beal&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCEL-15"><a href="#cite_ref-CCEL_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaff" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schaff" title="Philip Schaff">Schaff, Philip</a>. "V. St. Paul and the Conversion of the Gentiles (Note 496)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc1.txt">History of the Christian Church</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=V.+St.+Paul+and+the+Conversion+of+the+Gentiles+%28Note+496%29&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.aulast=Schaff&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fhcc1.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_genocide_2019_BBC-16"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_genocide_2019_BBC_16-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-48146305">"Christian persecution 'at near genocide levels'".</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kay_2019_NP-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kay_2019_NP_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kay_2019_NP_17-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/opinion/barbara-kay-our-politicians-may-not-care-but-christians-are-under-siege-across-the-world">Kay, Barbara. "Our politicians may not care, but Christians are under siege across the world".</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wintour_2019_Guardian-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wintour_2019_Guardian_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wintour_2019_Guardian_18-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/02/persecution-driving-christians-out-of-middle-east-report">Wintour, Patrick. "Persecution of Christians coming close to genocide' in Middle East – report".</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarpern.d." class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/Christ">"Christ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>. Retrieved 13 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Christ&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2FChrist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="#Bickerman-1949">Bickerman, 1949</a> p. 147, "All these Greek terms, formed with the Latin suffix -ianus, exactly as the Latin words of the same derivation, express the idea that the men or things referred to, belong to the person to whose name the suffix is added." p. 145, "In Latin this suffix produced proper names of the type Marcianus and, on the other hand, derivatives from the name of a person, which referred to his belongings, like fundus Narcissianus, or, by extension, to his adherents, Ciceroniani." </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=messiah">Messiah</a> at Etymology Online </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-x-22"><a href="#cite_ref-oed-x_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"X, n. 10". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oed.com/view/Entry/230945">OED Online</a>. Oxford University Press. March 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=X%2C+n.+10&rft.btitle=OED+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F230945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2004" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Samuel (2004). Webster, Tom; Shipps, Kenneth W. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fTvQBBb5-skC&q=xian%20christian&pg=PA4">The Diary of Samuel Rogers, 1634–1638</a>. Boydell Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843830436" title="Special:BookSources/9781843830436"><bdi>9781843830436</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019. <q>Throughout his diary, Rogers abbreviates 'Christ' to 'X' and the same is true of 'Christian' ('Xian'), 'Antichrist' ('AntiX') and related words.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diary+of+Samuel+Rogers%2C+1634%E2%80%931638&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781843830436&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfTvQBBb5-skC%26q%3Dxian%2520christian%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm">"Acts 11:26 and when he found him, he brought him back to Antioch. So for a full year they met together with the church and taught large numbers of people. The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch"</a>. biblehub.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblehub.com&rft.atitle=Acts+11%3A26+and+when+he+found+him%2C+he+brought+him+back+to+Antioch.+So+for+a+full+year+they+met+together+with+the+church+and+taught+large+numbers+of+people.+The+disciples+were+first+called+Christians+at+Antioch.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Facts%2F11-26.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#Wuest-1973">#Wuest-1973</a> p. 19. "The word is used three times in the New Testament, and each time as a term of reproach or derision. Here in Antioch, the name Christianos was coined to distinguish the worshippers of the Christ from the Kaisarianos, the worshippers of Caesar." </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#Wuest-1973">#Wuest-1973</a> p. 19. "The city of Antioch in Syria had a reputation for coining nicknames." </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Christine Trevett Christian Women and the Time of the Apostolic Fathers 2006 "'Christians' (christianoi) was a term first coined in Syrian Antioch (<a href="/wiki/Acts_11:26" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts 11:26">Acts 11:26</a>) and which appeared next in Christian sources in Ignatius, Eph 11.2; Rom 3.2; Pol 7.3. Cf. too Did 12.4; MPol 3.1; 10.1; 12.1–2; EpDiog 1.1; 4.6; 5.1;" </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosephus" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-18.htm">"Antiquities of the Jews — XVIII, 3:3"</a>. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Translated by William Whiston. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404155532/https://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-18.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft.atitle=Antiquities+of+the+Jews+%E2%80%94+XVIII%2C+3%3A3&rft.au=Josephus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fj%2Fjosephus%2Fworks%2Fant-18.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTacitusMurphy1836" class="citation book cs1">Tacitus, Cornelius; Murphy, Arthur (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E0vy1dAhgj0C">The works of Cornelius Tacitus: with an essay on his life and genius, notes, supplements, &c</a>. Thomas Wardle. p. 287.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+works+of+Cornelius+Tacitus%3A+with+an+essay+on+his+life+and+genius%2C+notes%2C+supplements%2C+%26c&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Thomas+Wardle&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Tacitus&rft.aufirst=Cornelius&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE0vy1dAhgj0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce,_Frederick_Fyvie1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/F._F._Bruce" title="F. F. Bruce">Bruce, Frederick Fyvie</a> (1988). The Book of the Acts. Eerdmans. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2505-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2505-2"><bdi>0-8028-2505-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Acts&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8028-2505-2&rft.au=Bruce%2C+Frederick+Fyvie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies: Volume 65, Issue 1 University of London. School of Oriental and African Studies – 2002 "around 331, Eusebius says of the place name <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a> that 'from this name the Christ was called a Nazoraean, and in ancient times we, who are now called Christians, were once called <a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(title)" title="Nazarene (title)">Nazarenes</a>';6 thus he attributes this designation" </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeal2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Beal" title="Timothy Beal">Beal, Timothy</a> (2008). Religion in America: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+America%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Beal&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_Michael1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Martin (philosopher)">Martin, Michael</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caseagainstchris00mich/page/12">The Case Against Christianity</a>. Temple University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caseagainstchris00mich/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56639-081-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-56639-081-8"><bdi>1-56639-081-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+Against+Christianity&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-56639-081-8&rft.au=Martin%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaseagainstchris00mich%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies: Volume 65, Issue 1 University of London. School of Oriental and African Studies – 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=nazarene">Nazarene</a> at Etymology Online </li> <li id="cite_note-SOFIR-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SOFIR_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOFIR_36-1">b</a> Society for Internet Research, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sofir.org/sarchives/005539.php">The Hamas Charter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525050133/http://www.sofir.org/sarchives/005539.php">Archived</a> 25 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, note 62 (erroneously, "salidi"). </li> <li id="cite_note-Tayler-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Tayler_37-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Tayler" title="Jeffrey Tayler">Jeffrey Tayler</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=98dQ39WOoUUC&dq=masihi+nasrani&pg=RA1-PA41">Trekking through the Moroccan Sahara</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013151448/http://www.mazyanbizaf.com/mbs002/">"Nasara"</a>. Mazyan Bizaf Show. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mazyanbizaf.com/mbs002">the original</a> on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mazyan+Bizaf+Show&rft.atitle=Nasara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mazyanbizaf.com%2Fmbs002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Akbar_S._Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbar S. Ahmed">Akbar S. Ahmed</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kXY9AAAAIAAJ&dq=salibi+crusader&pg=PA110">Islam, Globalization, and Postmodernity</a>, p 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Rashid al-din Fazl Allâh, quoted in Karl Jahn (ed.) Histoire Universelle de Rasid al-Din Fadl Allah Abul=Khair: I. Histoire des Francs (Texte Persan avec traduction et annotations), Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1951. (Source: M. Ashtiany) </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> سنة ٤٩١ – "ذكر ملك الفرنج مدينة أنطاكية" في الكامل في التاريخ </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> "Account of al-Faranj seizing Antioch" Year 491AH, <a href="/wiki/The_Complete_History" title="The Complete History">The Complete History</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=MacKenzie,_D._N.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacKenzie, D. N. (page does not exist)">MacKenzie, D. N.</a> (1986). A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-713559-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-713559-5">0-19-713559-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Hazhar Mukriyani, (1990) Hanbanaborina Kurdish-Persian Dictionary Tehran, Soroush press p.527. </li> <li id="cite_note-John2020-45"><a href="#cite_ref-John2020_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn2020" class="citation book cs1">John, Vinod (19 November 2020). Believing Without Belonging?: Religious Beliefs and Social Belonging of Hindu Devotees of Christ. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5326-9722-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5326-9722-7"><bdi>978-1-5326-9722-7</bdi></a>. <q>"Isai" is the most common form of address for Christians throughout northern India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Believing+Without+Belonging%3F%3A+Religious+Beliefs+and+Social+Belonging+of+Hindu+Devotees+of+Christ&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft.isbn=978-1-5326-9722-7&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Vinod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113175911/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Catholic-priest-in-saffron-robe-called---Isai-Baba--/402458/">"Catholic priest in saffron robe called 'Isai Baba'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. 24 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Catholic-priest-in-saffron-robe-called---Isai-Baba--/402458/">the original</a> on 13 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Catholic+priest+in+saffron+robe+called+%27Isai+Baba%27&rft.date=2008-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expressindia.com%2Flatest-news%2FCatholic-priest-in-saffron-robe-called---Isai-Baba--%2F402458%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilpottShah2018" class="citation book cs1">Philpott, Daniel; Shah, Timothy Samuel (15 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uHRJDwAAQBAJ&dq=isaai+pakistan&pg=PA249">Under Caesar's Sword: How Christians Respond to Persecution</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42530-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42530-8"><bdi>978-1-108-42530-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+Caesar%27s+Sword%3A+How+Christians+Respond+to+Persecution&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018-03-15&rft.isbn=978-1-108-42530-8&rft.aulast=Philpott&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Shah%2C+Timothy+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuHRJDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Disaai%2Bpakistan%26pg%3DPA249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bharati2004-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Bharati2004_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBharati2004" class="citation book cs1">Bharati, Swami Dayanand (1 June 2004). Living Water and Indian Bowl. William Carey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64508-562-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64508-562-1"><bdi>978-1-64508-562-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Water+and+Indian+Bowl&rft.pub=William+Carey+Publishing&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.isbn=978-1-64508-562-1&rft.aulast=Bharati&rft.aufirst=Swami+Dayanand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3-480274">"基督とは"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%259D%25A3-480274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Anton_Kartashev/vselenskie-sobory/">"Вселенские Соборы - профессор Антон Владимирович Карташёв - читать, скачать"</a>. azbyka.ru.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=azbyka.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B+-+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%91%D0%B2+-+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%2C+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fazbyka.ru%2Fotechnik%2FAnton_Kartashev%2Fvselenskie-sobory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossLivingstone1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Leslie_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Leslie Cross">Cross, Frank Leslie</a>; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., eds. (1957). "Christian". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ">The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</a> (3 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 2005). p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192802903" title="Special:BookSources/9780192802903"><bdi>9780192802903</bdi></a>. Retrieved 5 December 2016. <q>In modern times the name Christian ... has tended, in nominally Christian countries, to lose any credal significance and imply only that which is ethically praiseworthy (e.g. 'a Christian action') or socially customary ('Christian name').</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christian&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=336&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=9780192802903&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfUqcAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandmel1967" class="citation book cs1">Sandmel, Samuel (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eq_qXK_ZlsMC">We Jews and You Christians: An Inquiry Into Attitudes</a>. Lippincott. Retrieved 6 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=We+Jews+and+You+Christians%3A+An+Inquiry+Into+Attitudes&rft.pub=Lippincott&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Sandmel&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Deq_qXK_ZlsMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-World-53"><a href="#cite_ref-World_53-0">^</a> 33.39% of 7.174 billion world population (under "People and Society") <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">"World"</a>. CIA world facts. 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World&rft.pub=CIA+world+facts&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fworld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ForeignPolicy-54"><a href="#cite_ref-ForeignPolicy_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711181533/http://www.bellbookandcandlepublications.com/greenwoodsvillage/gor/islam.php">"The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions"</a>. foreignpolicy.com. March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835">the original</a> on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+List%3A+The+World%27s+Fastest-Growing+Religions&rft.pub=foreignpolicy.com&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Fstory%2Fcms.php%3Fstory_id%3D3835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Major_Religions_Ranked_by_Size-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Major_Religions_Ranked_by_Size_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100129202506/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html">"Major Religions Ranked by Size"</a>. Adherents.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html">the original</a> on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Religions+Ranked+by+Size&rft.pub=Adherents.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2FReligions_By_Adherents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/18757/universal-church-sees-increase-in-seminarians-reports-pontifical-yearbook">Pontifical Yearbook 2010</a>, Catholic News Agency. Accessed 22 September 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstoneMiller2015" class="citation journal cs1">Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/16338087">"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"</a>. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion. 11: 8. Retrieved 30 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interdisciplinary+Journal+of+Research+on+Religion&rft.atitle=Believers+in+Christ+from+a+Muslim+Background%3A+A+Global+Census&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Miller%2C+Duane+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F16338087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/religion/story/2011-12-20/christianity-growth-africa-europe/52125920/1">"Study: Christianity growth soars in Africa –"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. 20 December 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Study%3A+Christianity+growth+soars+in+Africa+%E2%80%93&rft.date=2011-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Freligion%2Fstory%2F2011-12-20%2Fchristianity-growth-africa-europe%2F52125920%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time_2001-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time_2001_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_2001_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstling2001" class="citation magazine cs1">Ostling, Richard N. (24 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,156277,00.html">"The Battle for Latin America's Soul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Retrieved 14 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Battle+for+Latin+America%27s+Soul&rft.date=2001-06-24&rft.aulast=Ostling&rft.aufirst=Richard+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C156277%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/china-protestantisms-simplicity-yields-more-converts-catholicism-213465">"In China, Protestantism's Simplicity Yields More Converts Than Catholicism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a>. 28 March 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=In+China%2C+Protestantism%27s+Simplicity+Yields+More+Converts+Than+Catholicism&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fchina-protestantisms-simplicity-yields-more-converts-catholicism-213465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cmp.smu.edu.sg/perspectives/2012/06/26/understanding-rapid-rise-charismatic-christianity-southeast-asia">"Understanding the rapid rise of Charismatic Christianity in Southeast Asia"</a>. Singapore Management University. 27 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+rapid+rise+of+Charismatic+Christianity+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pub=Singapore+Management+University&rft.date=2017-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcmp.smu.edu.sg%2Fperspectives%2F2012%2F06%2F26%2Funderstanding-rapid-rise-charismatic-christianity-southeast-asia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lausanne-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Lausanne_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lausanne.org/lgc-transfer/number-of-christians-in-china-and-india-2">"Number of Christians in China and India"</a>. Lausanne. 8 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613031349/https://www.lausanne.org/lgc-transfer/number-of-christians-in-china-and-india-2">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+Christians+in+China+and+India&rft.pub=Lausanne&rft.date=2011-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lausanne.org%2Flgc-transfer%2Fnumber-of-christians-in-china-and-india-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/">"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe"</a>. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 10 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Religion+%26+Public+Life+Project&rft.atitle=Religious+Belief+and+National+Belonging+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.date=2017-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2017%2F05%2F10%2Freligious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Believers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Believers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstoneMiller2015" class="citation journal cs1">Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/16338087">"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"</a>. IJRR. 11 (10): 1–19. Retrieved 30 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IJRR&rft.atitle=Believers+in+Christ+from+a+Muslim+Background%3A+A+Global+Census&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1-19&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Miller%2C+Duane+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F16338087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlainey2011" class="citation book cs1">Blainey, Geoffrey (2011). A Short History of Christianity. Penguin Random House Australia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74253-416-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74253-416-9"><bdi>978-1-74253-416-9</bdi></a>. <q>Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial increase in the number of Muslims who have converted to Christianity</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+Australia&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-74253-416-9&rft.aulast=Blainey&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> The Next Christendom: The Rise of Global Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. 270 pp. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnalysis2011" class="citation web cs1">Analysis (19 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-europe.aspx">"Europe"</a>. Pewforum.org. Retrieved 17 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Europe&rft.pub=Pewforum.org&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.au=Analysis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2FChristian%2FGlobal-Christianity-europe.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnalysis2011" class="citation web cs1">Analysis (19 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-americas.aspx">"Americas"</a>. Pewforum.org. Retrieved 17 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Americas&rft.pub=Pewforum.org&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.au=Analysis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2FChristian%2FGlobal-Christianity-americas.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnalysis2011" class="citation web cs1">Analysis (19 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape-christians.aspx">"Global religious landscape: Christians"</a>. Pewforum.org. 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CNBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=The+religion+of+millionaires&rft.date=2015-01-14&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2015%2F01%2F14%2Fthe-religion-of-millionaires-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pew2016-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_72-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/12/21094148/Religion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf">"Religion and Education Around the World"</a> (PDF). Pew Research Center. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Education+Around+the+World&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassets.pewresearch.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F11%2F2016%2F12%2F21094148%2FReligion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bokra.net/Article-1155836">"المسيحيون العرب يتفوقون على يهود إسرائيل في التعليم"</a>. Bokra. Retrieved 28 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bokra&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bokra.net%2FArticle-1155836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._McGrath2006" class="citation book cs1">E. McGrath, Alister (2006). Christianity: An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1405108991" title="Special:BookSources/1405108991"><bdi>1405108991</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1405108991&rft.aulast=E.+McGrath&rft.aufirst=Alister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caltron_J.H_Hayas-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Caltron_J.H_Hayas_75-0">^</a> Caltron J.H Hayas, Christianity and Western Civilization (1953), Stanford University Press, p.2: "That certain distinctive features of our Western civilization – the civilization of western Europe and of America— have been shaped chiefly by Judaeo – Graeco – Christianity, Catholic and Protestant." </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPacini1998" class="citation book cs1">Pacini, Andrea (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KMfYAAAAMAAJ&q=Christian+Communities+in+the+Arab+Middle+East:+The+Challenge+of+the+Future">Christian Communities in the Arab Middle East</a>. Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198293880" title="Special:BookSources/9780198293880"><bdi>9780198293880</bdi></a>. Retrieved 29 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Communities+in+the+Arab+Middle+East&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780198293880&rft.aulast=Pacini&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKMfYAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DChristian%2BCommunities%2Bin%2Bthe%2BArab%2BMiddle%2BEast%3A%2BThe%2BChallenge%2Bof%2Bthe%2BFuture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2017" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Michael (2017). Jews, Antisemitism, and the Middle East. Routledge. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351510721" title="Special:BookSources/9781351510721"><bdi>9781351510721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews%2C+Antisemitism%2C+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781351510721&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ware1993-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ware1993_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ware1993_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWare1993" class="citation book cs1">Ware, Kallistos (29 April 1993). The Orthodox Church. Penguin Adult. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-014656-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-014656-1"><bdi>978-0-14-014656-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Penguin+Adult&rft.date=1993-04-29&rft.isbn=978-0-14-014656-1&rft.aulast=Ware&rft.aufirst=Kallistos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChazan2006" class="citation book cs1">Chazan, Robert (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JxJQ_98I3R0C">The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom: 1000–1500</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521616645" title="Special:BookSources/9780521616645"><bdi>9780521616645</bdi></a>. Retrieved 26 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Medieval+Western+Christendom%3A+1000%E2%80%931500&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521616645&rft.aulast=Chazan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJxJQ_98I3R0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "christendom. §1.3 Scheidingen". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1982). The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church. Yonkers: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913836-90-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913836-90-3"><bdi>978-0-913836-90-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Legacy+in+the+Orthodox+Church&rft.place=Yonkers&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=St+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-913836-90-3&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cameron_2006_42–49-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cameron_2006_42–49_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cameron_2006_42–49_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Averil_Cameron" title="Averil Cameron">Cameron, Averil</a> (2006). The Byzantines. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 42–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9833-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9833-2"><bdi>978-1-4051-9833-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantines&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=42-49&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9833-2&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Averil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crisis_in_Western_Education-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crisis_in_Western_Education_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crisis_in_Western_Education_83-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawsonOlsen1961" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, Christopher; Olsen, Glenn (1961). Crisis in Western Education (reprint ed.). CUA Press. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-1683-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-1683-6"><bdi>978-0-8132-1683-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crisis+in+Western+Education&rft.pages=108&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=CUA+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-8132-1683-6&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2017" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Michael (2017). Jews, Antisemitism, and the Middle East. Routledge. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351510721" title="Special:BookSources/9781351510721"><bdi>9781351510721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews%2C+Antisemitism%2C+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781351510721&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._Barr2012" class="citation book cs1">D. Barr, Michael (2012). Cultural Politics and Asian Values. Routledge. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136001666" title="Special:BookSources/9781136001666"><bdi>9781136001666</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Politics+and+Asian+Values&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781136001666&rft.aulast=D.+Barr&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-A._Spinello-86"><a href="#cite_ref-A._Spinello_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Spinello2012" class="citation book cs1">A. Spinello, Richard (2012). The Encyclicals of John Paul II: An Introduction and Commentary. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1942-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1942-7"><bdi>978-1-4422-1942-7</bdi></a>. <q>... The insights of Christian philosophy "would not have happened without the direct or indirect contribution of Christian faith" (FR 76). Typical Christian philosophers include St. Augustine, St. Bonaventure, and St. Thomas Aquinas. The benefits derived from Christian philosophy are twofold....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclicals+of+John+Paul+II%3A+An+Introduction+and+Commentary&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-1942-7&rft.aulast=A.+Spinello&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkens2010" class="citation book cs1">Wilkens, Steve (2010). Christianity and Western Thought: Journey to Postmodernity in the Twentieth Century. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-81456-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-81456-1"><bdi>0-521-81456-1</bdi></a>. <q>... Many of the scientists who contributed to these developments were Christians...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Christianity%3A+Volume+8%2C+World+Christianities+C.1815-c.1914&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-521-81456-1&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=Sheridan&rft.au=Stanley%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steane-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Steane_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteane2014" class="citation book cs1">Steane, Andrew (2014). Faithful to Science: The Role of Science in Religion. OUP Oxford. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-102513-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-102513-6"><bdi>978-0-19-102513-6</bdi></a>. <q>... the Christian contribution to science has been uniformly at the top level, but it has reached that level and it has been sufficiently strong overall ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faithful+to+Science%3A+The+Role+of+Science+in+Religion&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-102513-6&rft.aulast=Steane&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves1998" class="citation web cs1">Graves, Daniel (7 July 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924084347/https://www.rae.org/influsci.html">"Christian Influences in the Sciences"</a>. rae.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rae.org/influsci.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rae.org&rft.atitle=Christian+Influences+in+the+Sciences&rft.date=1998-07-07&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rae.org%2Finflusci.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190617072212/https://www.adherents.com/people/100_Nobel.html">"50 Nobel Laureates and Other Great Scientists Who Believe in God"</a>. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50+Nobel+Laureates+and+Other+Great+Scientists+Who+Believe+in+God&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2Fpeople%2F100_Nobel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) Many well-known historical figures who influenced Western science considered themselves Christian such as <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Nicolaus Copernicus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin">William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-S._Kroger-92"><a href="#cite_ref-S._Kroger_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Kroger2016" class="citation book cs1">S. Kroger, William (2016). Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis in Medicine, Dentistry and Psychology. Pickle Partners Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78720-304-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78720-304-4"><bdi>978-1-78720-304-4</bdi></a>. <q>Many prominent Catholic physicians and psychologists have made significant contributions to hypnosis in medicine, dentistry, and psychology.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinical+and+Experimental+Hypnosis+in+Medicine%2C+Dentistry+and+Psychology&rft.pub=Pickle+Partners+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78720-304-4&rft.aulast=S.+Kroger&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorterfield2005" class="citation book cs1">Porterfield, Amanda (2005). Healing in the History of Christianity. Oxford University Press. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195157185" title="Special:BookSources/9780195157185"><bdi>9780195157185</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Healing+in+the+History+of+Christianity&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780195157185&rft.aulast=Porterfield&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods_Jr.2012" class="citation book cs1">Woods Jr., Thomas (2012). How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization. Regnery Publishing. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781596983281" title="Special:BookSources/9781596983281"><bdi>9781596983281</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+the+Catholic+Church+Built+Western+Civilization&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781596983281&rft.aulast=Woods+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair2008" class="citation book cs1">Sinclair, Scott Gambrill (2008). An Introduction to Christianity for a New Millennium. Lexington Books. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781461632924" title="Special:BookSources/9781461632924"><bdi>9781461632924</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Christianity+for+a+New+Millennium&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781461632924&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Scott+Gambrill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._Ardila2016" class="citation book cs1">G. Ardila, J. A. (2016). The Picaresque Novel in Western Literature. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107031654" title="Special:BookSources/9781107031654"><bdi>9781107031654</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Picaresque+Novel+in+Western+Literature&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781107031654&rft.aulast=G.+Ardila&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-E._McGrath-97"><a href="#cite_ref-E._McGrath_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._McGrath2006" class="citation book cs1">E. McGrath, Alister (2006). Christianity: An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1405108991" title="Special:BookSources/1405108991"><bdi>1405108991</bdi></a>. <q>Virtually every major European composer contributed to the development of church music. Monteverdi, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Rossini, and Verdi are all examples of composers to have made significant contributions in this sphere. The Catholic church was without question one of the most important patrons of musical developments, and a crucial stimulus to the development of the western musical tradition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1405108991&rft.aulast=E.+McGrath&rft.aufirst=Alister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._Williams2016" class="citation book cs1">W. Williams, Peter (2016). Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the Great Depression. University of North Carolina Press. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781469626987" title="Special:BookSources/9781469626987"><bdi>9781469626987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Art%2C+and+Money%3A+Episcopalians+and+American+Culture+from+the+Civil+War+to+the+Great+Depression&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781469626987&rft.aulast=W.+Williams&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSider2007" class="citation book cs1">Sider, Sandra (2007). Handbook to Life in Renaissance Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781469626987" title="Special:BookSources/9781469626987"><bdi>9781469626987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+Life+in+Renaissance+Europe&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781469626987&rft.aulast=Sider&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_Prize-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Prize_100-0">^</a> Baruch A. Shalev, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PfRaPHr86XUC&pg=PA57">100 Years of Nobel Prizes</a> (2003), Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, p. 57: "between 1901 and 2000 reveals that 654 Laureates belong to 28 different religions. Most (65.4%) have identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference."<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-935047-37-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-935047-37-0">978-0-935047-37-0</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Weber_2017_CT-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Weber_2017_CT_101-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2017/january/top-50-countries-christian-persecution-world-watch-list.html">Weber, Jeremy. "'Worst year yet': the top 50 countries where it's hardest to be a Christian".</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a>. 11 January 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-Enos_2017_NK-102"><a href="#cite_ref-Enos_2017_NK_102-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/oliviaenos/2017/01/25/north-korea-is-the-worlds-worst-persecutor-of-christians/#36250678318e">Enos, Olivia. "North Korea is the world's worst persecutor of Christians".</a> <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorldwatchlist2020" class="citation web cs1">Worldwatchlist2020, Most dangerous countries for Christians. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000302223728/https://www.opendoorsusa.org/">"Serving Persecuted Christians – Open Doors USA"</a>. www.opendoorsusa.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendoorsusa.org/">the original</a> on 2 March 2000. Retrieved 24 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.opendoorsusa.org&rft.atitle=Serving+Persecuted+Christians+%E2%80%93+Open+Doors+USA&rft.aulast=Worldwatchlist2020&rft.aufirst=Most+dangerous+countries+for+Christians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendoorsusa.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Mounstephen_2019_FCO_interim_rep-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Mounstephen_2019_FCO_interim_rep_104-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://christianpersecutionreview.org.uk/storage/2019/05/interim-report.pdf">Mounstephen, Philip. "Interim report".</a> Bishop of Truro's Independent Review for the Foreign Secretary of FCO Support for Persecuted Christians. April 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mounstephen_2019_FCO_final_rep-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mounstephen_2019_FCO_final_rep_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mounstephen_2019_FCO_final_rep_105-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://christianpersecutionreview.org.uk/storage/2019/07/final-report-and-recommendations.pdf">Mounstephen, Philip. "Final Report and Recommendations".</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Mounstephen" title="Philip Mounstephen">Bishop of Truro's</a> Independent Review for the Foreign Secretary of FCO Support for Persecuted Christians. July 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christians" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Christians">Christians</a>.</div></div> </div> Etymology <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bickerman-1949" class="citation journal cs1">Bickerman, Elias J. (April 1949). "The Name of Christians". The Harvard Theological Review. 42 (2): 109–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0017816000019635">10.1017/s0017816000019635</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-8160">0017-8160</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1507955">1507955</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164195885">164195885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Theological+Review&rft.atitle=The+Name+of+Christians&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=109-124&rft.date=1949-04&rft.issn=0017-8160&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164195885%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1507955%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0017816000019635&rft.aulast=Bickerman&rft.aufirst=Elias+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"> (from which page numbers are cited) also available in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBickerman1986" class="citation book cs1">Bickerman, Elias J. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gqQfAAAAIAAJ">Studies in Jewish and Christian history</a>. Vol. 2. BRILL. pp. 794–808. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-04395-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-04395-0"><bdi>90-04-04395-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Jewish+and+Christian+history&rft.pages=794-808&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=90-04-04395-0&rft.aulast=Bickerman&rft.aufirst=Elias+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgqQfAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Wuest-1973" class="citation book cs1">Wuest, Kenneth Samuel (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHhK3AKkc9EC">Wuest's word studies from the Greek New Testament</a>. Vol. 1. Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2280-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2280-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-2280-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wuest%27s+word+studies+from+the+Greek+New+Testament&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2280-2&rft.au=Wuest%2C+Kenneth+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZHhK3AKkc9EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristians" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a 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Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></li> <li><a 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Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/859760/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010071-6">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85025293">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318329s">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318329s">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565968">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122086&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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