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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Middle Ages and Renaissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages_and_Renaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlightenment_and_later" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlightenment_and_later"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Enlightenment and later</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Enlightenment_and_later-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Enlightenment and later subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Enlightenment_and_later-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constitutional_monarchies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_monarchies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Constitutional monarchies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_monarchies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unitary_constitutional_monarchies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unitary_constitutional_monarchies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Unitary constitutional monarchies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unitary_constitutional_monarchies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_constitutional_monarchies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_constitutional_monarchies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Federal constitutional monarchies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_constitutional_monarchies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elective_constitutional_monarchies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elective_constitutional_monarchies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Elective constitutional monarchies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elective_constitutional_monarchies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_monarchies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_monarchies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Absolute monarchies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_monarchies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unitary_absolute_monarchies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unitary_absolute_monarchies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Unitary absolute monarchies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unitary_absolute_monarchies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subnational_monarchies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subnational_monarchies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subnational monarchies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subnational_monarchies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shared_monarchies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared_monarchies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Shared monarchies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared_monarchies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/List of monarchies">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+monarchies%22">"List of monarchies"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+monarchies%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+monarchies%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+monarchies%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+monarchies%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+monarchies%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are and have been throughout recorded history a great many <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchies</a> in the world. <a href="/wiki/Tribal_kingship" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribal kingship">Tribal kingship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">Chiefdoms</a> have been the most widespread form of social organisation from the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, and the predominance of monarchies has declined only with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a> in the modern era. </p><p>A monarchical form of government can be combined with many different kinds of political and economic systems, from <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a> to <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> and from a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a>. Some examples for certain forms of monarchy are: </p><p><i>Extant monarchies are listed in <b>bold type</b>.</i> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigarta_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigarta Kingdom">Trigarta</a> (c. BC – c. 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a> (c. 3500 BC – 30 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">Monarchy of China</a> (c. 2070 BC – 1912 AD; ended by <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">revolution</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">Chinese Empire</a> (221 BC – 1912 AD)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan Crete">Minoan Crete</a> (c. 2600 BC – 1200 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a> (c. 23rd century BC – c. 21st century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> (1959 BC – c. 6th century BC; absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a> (c. 1600 BC – c. 1100 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="United Monarchy">United Monarchy</a> of Israel (c. 1050 BC- c. 930 BC); succeeded by the following two kingdoms: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> (c. 930 BC- 722 BC; conquered by <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> (c. 930 BC– 586 BC; conquered by <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> (c. 1000 BC – 683 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> (c. 1300 BC – 192 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a> (808 BC – 148 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Roman Kingdom</a> (753 BC – 509 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a> (c. 600 BC – 26 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian Empire</a> (c. 648 BC – 334 BC; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Kingdom of Macedon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Gojoseon</a> (? – 108 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Armenia</a> (321 BC – 428 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian Empire</a> (323 BC – 1037 AD; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Turks">Sultanate of Seljuk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a>, founded c. 300 BC – 1632.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a> (250 BC – 125 BC; became <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a> (180 BC – 10 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean">Hasmoneans</a> (140 BC – 37 BC; succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Herodian_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodian Dynasty">Herodian Dynasty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodian Dynasty">Herodian Dynasty</a> (37 BC – 92 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaid</a>, c. 1st century BC – 1201</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a> (105 BC – 270 AD; became <a href="/wiki/Kidarite_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidarite Kingdom">Kidarite Kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> (57 BC – 935 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> (37 BC – 668 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> (31 BC – 476 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> (c. 18 BC – 660 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Funan">Funan</a> (c. 1st century AD – c. 7th century; absorbed into Khmer Empire)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangga_Negara" title="Gangga Negara">Gangga Negara</a> (c. 1st century – 1026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</a> (c. 1st century – c. 106)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Västergötland">Västergötland</a> (c. 1st century – c. 6th to 12th century; absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidhne" title="Aidhne">Aidhne</a> (pre-1st century – 1543)</li> <li>Sri Ksetra (c. 1st century – 656)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Axum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Axum">Kingdom of Axum</a> (1st century – 960 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3iced_Ol_nEchmacht" title="Cóiced Ol nEchmacht">Cóiced Ol nEchmacht</a> – pre 2nd century AD to c. 600.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_of_Tara" title="Kingship of Tara">Kingship of Tara</a> (? – 1022 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera Kingdom</a> (c. 3rd century BC – 1102 AD; became Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Venad" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad">Venad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola Kingdom</a> (c. 3rd century BC – 1279 AD; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Pandyan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandyan Kingdom">Pandyan Kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> (c. 3rd century AD – c. 1400; became <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Malacca">Sultanate of Malacca</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a> (226 – 651; a period of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a> (240–550)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wa_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wa (Japan)">Wa (Japan)</a></b> (3rd to 5th century – 12th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (324–1453; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Uí Maine">Uí Maine</a>, Ireland, c. 357 – c. 1611.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Osraige" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Osraige">Kingdom of Osraige</a>, c. 4th century – c. 1556.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_U%C3%AD_Failghe" title="Kingdom of Uí Failghe">Kingdom of Uí Failghe</a>, at least 4th century – 16th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedah Kingdom">Kedah Kingdom</a> (630–1136; became <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Kedah Sultanate</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidarite_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidarite Kingdom">Kidarite Kingdom</a> (c. 4th century – c. 5th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Kingdom of Powys</a> (c. 4th century – 1284; absorbed into England)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictland">Pictland</a> (c. 4th century – 843; merged with <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a> to form Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Kingdom of Gwynedd</a> (c. 5th century – 1209; absorbed into Wales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a> (4th/5th century – 1478)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1enmaige" class="mw-redirect" title="Máenmaige">Máenmaige</a> (pre 581 – 8th/9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> (410–584)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethbae" title="Tethbae">Tethbae</a> (pre 5th – 11th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingians</a> (410–751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a> (~420-638; annexed by <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailech" class="mw-redirect" title="Ailech">Ailech</a> (5th-century – 1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a> (475–718)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a> (489–553; absorbed into Byzantine Empire)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Kingdom of Terengganu</a> (c. 6th century – c. 15th century; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a> (pre 6th century – 839; merged with <a href="/wiki/Pictland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictland">Pictland</a> to form Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattani_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Kingdom">Pattani Kingdom</a> (c. 500 – c. 11th century; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Empire">Frankish Empire</a> (509 – 843; became Holy Roman Empire)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mide" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mide">Kingdom of Mide</a> (c. 530's – 1173)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenla" title="Chenla">Chenla</a> (550 – c. 715)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a> (585 – 918; absorbed into England)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Fiachrach_Muaidhe" title="Uí Fiachrach Muaidhe">Uí Fiachrach Muaidhe</a> (c. 600 – c.1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisian kingdom">Frisian kingdom</a> (around 600 – 734; destroyed by the Franks.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brega" title="Brega">Brega</a> (pre-604 – 1171)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cnogba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cnogba (page does not exist)">Cnogba (Knowth)</a> (pre 634 – 10th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conaille_Muirtheimne" title="Conaille Muirtheimne">Conaille Muirtheimne</a> (pre 668 – after 1081)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Breifne" title="Kingdom of Breifne">Kingdom of Breifne</a> (6th century – 1605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> (654–954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> (c. 7th century – 1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> (681 – 1018; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantine Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airg%C3%ADalla" title="Airgíalla">Airgíalla</a> (pre-697 AD – 1590)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deis_Mumhain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deis Mumhain (page does not exist)">Deis Mumhain</a> (pre 697 – c. 1244)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balhae_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Balhae Empire">Balhae Empire</a> (698–926)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Ages_and_Renaissance">Middle Ages and Renaissance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Middle Ages and Renaissance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Gabhair" class="mw-redirect" title="Loch Gabhair">Loch Gabhair</a> (8th–11th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> (711–1492; absorbed by Kingdom of Spain)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a></b> (pre 714<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1848; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a> (718–924; absorbed by Kingdom of León)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigh_Se%C3%B3la" title="Maigh Seóla">Maigh Seóla</a> (pre-752 AD. – 1051)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umaill" class="mw-redirect" title="Umaill">Umaill</a> (pre-773 AD – c. 1603)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco" title="List of rulers of Morocco">Sultanate of Morocco</a></b> (789–1957; became semi-constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> (802–1431; became Khmer Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Kings_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="High Kings of Ireland">High Kings of Ireland</a> (c. 800 – 1198)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> (1542–1800, United with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a> (824–1512; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> (825–1243; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (843–1806; dissolved after defeat by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> (843–1791; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Unification of Japan</a> (16th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a> (843–1707; united with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagan Kingdom">Bagan Kingdom</a> (849–1364)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dublin" title="Kingdom of Dublin">Kingdom of Dublin</a> (853–1171)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Kingdom of Norway</a></b> (872–1814; became constitutional monarchy with the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sweden">Swedish Sovereign</a> as King)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> (882–1240; became <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a> (913 – c. 13th century; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryeo_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Goryeo Dynasty">Goryeo Dynasty</a> (918–1392; became <a href="/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon Dynasty">Joseon Dynasty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Kingdom of Aragon</a> (925–1162; became <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)">Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)</a> (925–1102)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> (927–1707; united with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magh_Luirg" title="Magh Luirg">Magh Luirg</a> (c. 956 – c. 1585)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Sweden">Kingdom of Sweden</a></b> (970–1866; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma-i" title="Ma-i">Ma-i</a> (Before AD 971-1339)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Egypt" title="Sultan of Egypt">Sultanate of Egypt</a> (972–1517; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a> (1037–1230; became <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk empire">Sultanate of Seljuk</a> (A dynasty established in Iran 1037–1307)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nri" title="Kingdom of Nri">Kingdom of Nri</a> (1043—1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADol_Anmchadha" title="Síol Anmchadha">Síol Anmchadha</a> (pre 1066 – after 1567)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">County of Edessa</a> (1098–1144)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> (1098–1268)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> (1099–1187, 1192–1291)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a> (1102–1289)</li> <li>Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Venad" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad">Venad</a> (1102 – c. 1750)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomond" title="Thomond">Thomond</a> (1118–1543)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Desmond" title="Kingdom of Desmond">Kingdom of Desmond</a> (1118–1596)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> (1139–1910; ended by <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">revolution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> (1162–1479; became <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir-Suzdal Grand Duchy</a> (1168–1362; became Principality of Muscovy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a> (1185–1396; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">Shōgun</a></b> (c. 12th century – 19th century; rule on behalf of the imperial court)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Unification of Japan</a></b> (c. 16th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Maldives">Sultanate of Maldives</a> (1153–1953, 1954–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</a> (1192–1489)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a> (1198–1806; with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia</a> (1199–1349; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025%E2%80%931385)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)">Kingdom of Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom of Poland</a> (1025–1031; 1076–1079; 1295–1296; 1300–1305; 1320–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a> (1204-1261; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a> (1204–1337, 1356–1479; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine empire">Byzantine empire</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> respectively)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a> (1204-1224; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a> (1204–1261; reestablished the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a> (1204–1461)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Principality of Achaea</a> (1205–1432)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a> (1205–1458)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> (1206–1368)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Principality of Wales</a> (1208–1283; absorbed by England)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">Serb Kingdom</a> (1217–1395; regal title not succeeded)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Empire of Thessalonica</a> (1224–1246)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> (1230–1479; became <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec Empire</a> (known to exist before 1233 Conquered by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> 1521; Puppet monarchy through 1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhothai kingdom">Sukhothai Kingdom</a> (1238–1438; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayutthaya kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanna">Lanna</a> (1259–1939)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Principality of Andorra</a></b> (1278–1993; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (1299–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajuran_Sultanate" title="Ajuran Sultanate">Ajuran Empire</a> (13th-17th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a> (1345–1371; empire dissolved)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayutthaya kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a> (1350–1767; became <a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782%E2%80%931932)" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)">Kingdom of Siam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Kingdom of Vidin</a> (1356–1396; absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Principality of Muscovy</a> (1362–1576; became Tsardom of Russia)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Sultanate of Brunei</a></b> (c. 1363 century – 1959; became absolute monarchy with a constitution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ava_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ava Kingdom">1st Kingdom of Ava</a> (1364–1527)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Kingdom of Bosnia</a> (1377–1463)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon Dynasty">Joseon Dynasty</a> (1392–1897; became <a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a> 1897–1910, then Japanese occupation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Confederacy">Ashanti</a> (c. 1400 – 1900; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Malacca">Sultanate of Malacca</a> (1400–1511; ended with Portuguese occupation)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></b> (1411–1499; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a></b> (1412–1915; ceded temporal powers to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Philippine Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryūkyū Kingdom">Ryūkyū Kingdom</a> (1429–1879; annexed to Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Khmer Kingdom</a> (1431–1954; became Kingdom of Cambodia)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a></b> (1479–1812; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> (1500–1935; became Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Sultanate of Maguindanao</a></b> (1505 – 19th century; occupied by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunyoro" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a> (c. 1520 – 1899; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bago,_Myanmar" title="Bago, Myanmar">Pegu Kingdom</a> (1527–1531)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Sultanate of Johor</a></b> (1528–1946; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Sultanate of Perak</a></b> (1528–1874; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maguindanao Sultanate">Maguindanao Sultanate</a> (1205 – 19th century; annexed by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taungoo" title="Taungoo">Taungoo Kingdom</a> (1531 – c. 1610)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> (1576–1721; became <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">2nd Kingdom of Ava</a> (1613–1752)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlightenment_and_later">Enlightenment and later</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Enlightenment and later"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monarchies.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Monarchies.PNG/330px-Monarchies.PNG" decoding="async" width="330" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Monarchies.PNG/495px-Monarchies.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Monarchies.PNG/660px-Monarchies.PNG 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Dates of the latest abolitions of monarchies in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the territories nearby. A green rectangle indicates that the monarchy was restored afterwards and is currently functioning. If a country has no date, it means that either it has never had a monarchical government (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>) or it has been functioning throughout the country's modern history (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>). Note that the dates do not necessarily mark the end of the national independent monarchy but the territory it covered (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_monarchies">Constitutional monarchies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Constitutional monarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchical</a> <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> established under a <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitutional</a> system which acknowledges an elected or hereditary <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unitary_constitutional_monarchies">Unitary constitutional monarchies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Unitary constitutional monarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unitary constitutional monarchies are <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary states</a> which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> (1660–1707; merged with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a> to form the Kingdom of Great Britain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> (1701–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> (1707–1800, became United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Cabinet_of_Louis_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI">1791–1792</a>), monarchy overthrown during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>; (<a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France#First_Restoration_(1814)" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">1814–1815</a>), monarchy deposed at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a>; (<a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">1815–1830</a>), monarchy overthrown during the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a>; (<a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">1830–1848</a>), monarchy overthrown during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">French Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> (1800–1921; became <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a> (1806–1918; dissolved after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (1867–1918; part of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a></b> (1812–1873; <a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Spanish Republic</a>, 1873–1874; <a href="/wiki/Spain_under_the_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain under the Restoration">Restoration</a>, 1874–1931; <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>, 1931–1939; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, 1936–1939; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish State">dictatorship and regency under Franco</a>, 1939–1975; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a> 1975–1978, constitutional monarchy restored 1978–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Kingdom of Norway</a></b> (1814–present, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sweden">Swedish Sovereign</a> as King 1814–1905, independent in 1905)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></b> (1815–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a> (1815 during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First Mexican Empire</a> (1821–1823); ended by forced abdication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> (1822–1910; ended by coup)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a> (1822–1889; ended by coup)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Kingdom of Belgium</a></b> (1830–1980; became <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a> constitutional <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaii</a> (1840–1894; ended by coup)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (1843–1924; republican interregnum; 1935–1974; ended by referendum)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a></b> (1848–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">French Empire</a> (1852–1870; became republic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Imperial State of Iran</a> (1935–1979; ended by revolution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Kingdom of Italy</a> (1861–1946; ended by referendum)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Principality of Liechtenstein</a></b> (1862–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Kingdom of Sweden</a></b> (1866–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Grand Duchy of Luxembourg</a></b> (1867–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></b> (660 BC–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Principalities">Principality of Romania</a> (1859–1881; transformed into a Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Second Mexican Empire</a> (1864–1867); ended by execution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a> (1881–1947; ended by forced abdication)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a> (1817–1882; transformed into a Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a> (1882–1918; merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Principality of Frickgau</a> (1802–1803; 364 Days under French, merged with Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> (1907–1949)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></b> (1907–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Kingdom of Bulgaria</a> (1908–1946; ended by referendum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> (1910–1961; ended by referendum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princedom_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Princedom of Montenegro">Princedom of Montenegro</a> (1852–1910); transformed into a Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a> (1910–1918; merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbs,_Croats_and_Slovenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a> (1918–1929, transformed into Yugoslavia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Kingdom of Finland</a> (1918; ended by parliamentary vote after The Apparent abdicated willingly before entering on the throne)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a></b> (1921–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Kingdom of Jordan</a></b> (1921–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> (1922–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Kingdom of Egypt</a> (1922–1953; ended by military coup)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> (1929–1941; transformed into a Communist state in 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a> (1932–1958; <a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Ended by coup</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Kingdom of Thailand</a></b> (1932–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (1948–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Kingdom of Laos</a> (1949–1975, became socialist republic after the <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Kingdom of Libya</a> (1951–1969; become socialist republic)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Kingdom of Cambodia</a></b> (1953–1970; <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Republic" title="Khmer Republic">Khmer Republic</a>, 1970–1975; <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Democratic Kampuchea">Democratic Kampuchea</a>, 1975–1979; <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">People's Republic of Kampuchea</a>, 1979–1989; <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea#Transition" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">State of Cambodia</a>, 1989–1993; constitutional monarchy restored 1993–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Kingdom of Tunisia</a> (1956–1957; became republic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ghana" title="Dominion of Ghana">Ghana</a> (1957–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Nigeria" title="Federation of Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (1960–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">Tanganyika</a> (1961–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_(1961%E2%80%931971)" title="Sierra Leone (1961–1971)">Sierra Leone</a> (1961–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> (1962–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_(1962%E2%80%9363)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda (1962–63)">Uganda</a> (1962–1963)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Kingdom of Morocco</a></b> (1957–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></b> (1962–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_(1963%E2%80%931964)" title="Kenya (1963–1964)">Kenya</a> (1963–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_(1964%E2%80%931966)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawi (1964–1966)">Malawi</a> (1964–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Malta" title="State of Malta">Malta</a> (1964–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_(1965%E2%80%931970)" title="The Gambia (1965–1970)">The Gambia</a> (1965–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> (1965–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_(1966%E2%80%931970)" title="Guyana (1966–1970)">Guyana</a> (1966–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> (1966–2021)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Kingdom of Lesotho</a></b> (1966–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_(1968%E2%80%931992)" title="Mauritius (1968–1992)">Mauritius</a> (1968–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Fiji" title="Dominion of Fiji">Fiji</a> (1970–1987)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></b> (1973–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Kingdom of Bahrain</a></b> (1971–1975; constitution abrogated; 2002–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></b> (1974–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></b> (1975–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></b> (1978–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></b> (1978–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></b> (1979–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></b> (1979–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></b> (1981–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></b> (1981–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></b> (1983–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Nepal" title="King of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> (1990–2008; transformed into a republic)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Principality of Andorra</a></b> (1993–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Kingdom of Bhutan</a></b> (2008–present; unitary absolute monarchy from 1907 and transformed to constitutional monarchy in 2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_constitutional_monarchies">Federal constitutional monarchies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Federal constitutional monarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Federal constitutional monarchies are <a href="/wiki/Federal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal state">federal states</a> in which a number of <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">federated entities</a> are unified under a <a href="/wiki/Federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government">federal government</a> and a single monarch, who acts as ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (1815–1830)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></b> (1867–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918; dissolved after World War I and became the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a></b> (1901–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (1947–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (1947–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> (1957–1963; became <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></b> (1963–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></b> (1971–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Kingdom of Belgium</a></b> (1980–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Christopher ('Kitts') and Nevis</a></b> (1983–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elective_constitutional_monarchies">Elective constitutional monarchies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Elective constitutional monarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></b> (since 1873; within the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> (until 1957), the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> (1957–1963), and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> (1963–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> (1957–1963, became <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></b> (1963–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Independent State of Samoa</a></b> (1962–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></b> (1971–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_monarchies">Absolute monarchies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Absolute monarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchical</a> <a href="/wiki/Form_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Form of government">form of government</a> where the ruler has the power to rule his or her land or <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">country</a> and its citizens freely, with no <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">laws</a> or legally-organized direct opposition in force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unitary_absolute_monarchies">Unitary absolute monarchies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Unitary absolute monarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unitary absolute monarchies are <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary states</a> which are governed as one single unit by a single hereditary or elected leader. Some had or have a single legislature, which may or may not be constitutionally created. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></b> (751–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Busoga" title="Busoga">Busoga</a></b> (c. prior to 18th century – 1961; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wogodogo_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wogodogo Monarchy">Wogodogo Monarchy</a></b> (c. 1690 – 1896; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Emirate of Abu Dhabi</a></b> (c. 18th century – 1971; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a></b> (c. 18th century – 1961; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Emirate of Dubai</a></b> (c. 18th century – 1971; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></b> (c. 18th century – 1873; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, currently a subnational elective monarchy within <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_al-Khaimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah">Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah</a></b> (c. 18th century – 1972; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (1721–1917; ended by <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">revolution</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Sultanate of Terengganu</a></b> (1724 – c. 19th century; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Siam</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sharjah_(emirate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharjah (emirate)">Emirate of Sharjah</a></b> (c. 1727 – 1971; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li>3rd Burmese Empire (c. 1760 – 1885)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782%E2%80%931932)" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)">Kingdom of Siam</a></b> (1768–1932; became constitutional monarchy, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Thailand">Kingdom of Thailand</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Principality of Finland">Grand Principality of Finland</a> (1772–1809; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_al-Quwain" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Umm al-Quwain">Emirate of Umm al-Quwain</a></b> (1775–1971; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> (1775–1990; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Kingdom of Bahrain</a></b> (1783–1971; became constitutional monarchy; 1975–2002; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></b> (c. 1800 – 1901; became subnational monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a> (1804–1814; became constitutional monarchy; brief restoration in 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> (1804–1867; became Austro-Hungarian Empire)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a> (1806–1810; client state of <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">France</a>; annexed by France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (1806–1867; became Austro-Hungarian Empire)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Principality of Liechtenstein</a></b> (1806–1862; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaii</a> (1810–1840; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Kingdom of Poland</a> (1815–1865; within <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>; absorbed by Russian Empire)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil,_and_the_Algarve" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve">Kingdom of Brazil</a> (1816–1822; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Kingdom of Lesotho</a></b> (1818–1868; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ajm%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajmān">Emirate of Ajmān</a></b> (1820–1971; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></b> (1825–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (1832–1843; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> (1867–1918; dissolved after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Kingdom of Bhutan</a></b> (1907–2008; absolute power voluntarily rescinded by king in 1969; became constitutional monarchy in 2008)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a></b> (1932–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Kingdom of Cambodia</a></b> (1954–1970; <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_coup_of_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian coup of 1970">Ended by military coup</a>; kingdom restored as constitutional monarchy in 1993)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Sultanate of Brunei</a></b> (1959–present; constitution creates Sultan as absolute ruler)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Kingdom of Swaziland</a></b> (1968–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Kingdom of Afghanistan</a> (1926–1973; became the Republic of Afghanistan after a non-violent coup)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central African Empire</a> (1976–1979; restated as a Republic after a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Caban" title="Operation Caban">non-violent coup with French aid</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>)</b> (c. 756 AD, Pepin, father of Charlemagne granted the Pope control of area which became the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> – present; elective absolute monarchy)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subnational_monarchies">Subnational monarchies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Subnational monarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign monarchy</a></div> <p>A subnational monarchy is a territory governed by a hereditary leader, but which is subordinate to a higher national government, either monarchical or republican in form. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Sultanate of Kelantan</a></b> (c. 2nd century – present; within <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Funan">Funan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Sultanate of Kedah</a></b> (c. 7th century – present; within <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Sultanate of Pahang</a></b> (c. 8th century – present; within <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Malacca">Sultanate of Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Principality of Perlis</a></b> (c. 8th century – present; within <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a> (c. 9th century – 1806; within <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> (c. 11th century – 1806; within <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>; became Austrian Empire)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></b> (963 – 1867; within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattani_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani kingdom">Kingdom of Pattani</a> (c. 11th century – 1909; within <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayutthaya kingdom">Kingdom of Ayutthaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Siam</a>, dissolved between <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> (1243–1304; within the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Kingdom of Aragon</a>; absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a> (1342 – 1806; within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>; became absolute monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Sultanate of Selangor</a></b> (1740–present; within the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Yogyakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Yogyakarta">Sultanate of Yogyakarta</a></b> (1755–present; within <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Indies">Netherlands Indies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a> (1945–1951), and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Republic of Indonesia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Sultanate of Terengganu</a></b> (c. 15th century – present; within <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Siam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a></b> (1405–present; within <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a> (1809–1918; within <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>; ended when The Grand Princely Throne became vacant at the Russian Revolution; became constitutional monarchy, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Kingdom of Finland</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></b> (1845–present); within <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Māori Kingship</a></b> (1865–present; within <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">Dominion of New Zealand</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Kingdom of Lesotho</a></b> (1868–1966); within the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>; became an independent constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Machame" title="Machame">Machame</a></b> (late 17th century-present; within <a href="/wiki/Machame" title="Machame">Machame</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a> (1871–1918); held a privileged status (<i>Reservatrechte</i>) within the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Kingdom of Saxony</a> (1871–1918); held a privileged status (<i>Reservatrechte</i>) within the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Kingdom of Württemberg</a> (1871–1918); held a privileged status (<i>Reservatrechte</i>) within the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></b> (1873–present; within the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_Lanao" title="Confederate States of Lanao">Sultanates of Lanao</a></b> (c. 16th century – present; within <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Sultanate of Perak</a></b> (1511-present; within the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Principality of Bulgaria</a> (1879–1908; within the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>; became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wogodogo_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wogodogo Monarchy">Wogodogo Monarchy</a></b> (1896–present; within <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bunyoro" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a></b> (1899–1966; within the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>; abolished; 1993–present; within <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Confederacy">Ashanti</a></b> (1900–present; within <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></b> (1901–1966; abolished; 1993–present; within <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Kingdom of Egypt</a> (1917–1922; within the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, became constitutional monarchy)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Johor">Sultanate of Johor</a></b> (1946–present; within the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a></b> (1961–1966; abolished; 1993–present; within <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Busoga" title="Busoga">Busoga</a></b> (1961–1966; abolished; 1993–present; within <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Emirate of Abu Dhabi</a></b> (1971–present; within the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ajm%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajmān">Emirate of Ajmān</a></b> (1971–present; within the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Emirate of Dubai</a></b> (1971–present; within the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fujairah" title="Fujairah">Emirate of Fujairah</a></b> (1971–present; within the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sharjah_(emirate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharjah (emirate)">Emirate of Sharjah</a></b> (1971–present; became subnational monarchy of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Quwain" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm al-Quwain">Emirate of Umm al-Quwain</a></b> (1981–present; within the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Khaimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al-Khaimah">Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah</a></b> (1973–present; within the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Queen_Quet" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Quet">Gullah/Geechee Nation</a></b> (2000-present; within the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-McMaster_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMaster-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EPA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shared_monarchies">Shared monarchies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Shared monarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A monarch may reign over multiple kingdoms, <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a> or <a href="/wiki/Realms" class="mw-redirect" title="Realms">realms</a> in various forms of <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">political</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynastic_union" title="Dynastic union">dynastic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> or association. </p> <ul><li>Between 925 and 1035 the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Kingdom of Aragon</a> shared a monarchy with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a>.</li> <li>From 1150 to 1319, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Kingdom of Aragon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">County of Barcelona</a> (actually the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a>) formed a dynastical union named <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>; from 1319 to 1479, the Crown was a federation of these two countries and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a>.</li> <li>The Kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a> were united three times under the same monarch, first between 1037 and 1078, again from 1072 to 1157, and finally between 1230 and sometime in the 16th century.</li> <li>Between 1072 and 1095 León, Castile, and Galicia were united under a common monarch, whereafter Portugal separated under a different dynasty, and the others were absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a> was a period between 1397 and 1536 in which <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> shared the same monarch as three independent countries. <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> continued to share a monarchy from 1536 to 1814. <a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Norway was then united under a common monarchy with Sweden</a> from 1814 to 1905.</li> <li>From 1490 to c. 1740 <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>) shared a monarchy. These kingdoms shared a monarch from the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a> who were Archdukes of Austria and Holy Roman Emperors. Briefly <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> in 1707, and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> in 1714 to their departure in 1735, 1720 and 1734, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a> declared themselves Emperors of Austria in 1804. The three countries remained in this situation until the union was ended in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, in 1918. The <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> was the union of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> between 1867 and 1918 under a new constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867" title="Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867">Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867</a>, or Ausgleich.</li> <li>From 1541, <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a> was declared King of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, after being excommunicated by the pope and losing the title of <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of Ireland">Lord of Ireland</a>. <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and Ireland were joined in a personal union until 1603, when the <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a> became king of England and Ireland. All three crowns remained in personal union until 1707 when England and Scotland were united by the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>. The two crowns remained under personal union until the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a> when the kingdoms became the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>. This union lasted until <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish Independence</a> in 1921 when with the departure of the 26 southern counties of Ireland, the UK officially became the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a>.</li> <li>From 1580 to 1640, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> was under a united monarchy with <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, in the period known as the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a>.</li> <li>Between 1867 and 1890 <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> shared the same monarch.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> currently reigns over 15 <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>.</li> <li>The King of France was also the co-prince of Andorra. After the abolition of the French monarchy the co-prince is now the president of the French Republic.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_monarchies" title="List of former monarchies">List of former monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchies" title="List of current monarchies">List of current monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current monarchs of sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign Monarchy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterick1995" class="citation book cs1">McKitterick, Rosamond, ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEaSdNBL0sgC&q=first+danish+king+ongendus&pg=PA205"><i>The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II c.700–c.900</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-36292_X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-36292 X"><bdi>0-521-36292 X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History.+Volume+II+c.700%E2%80%93c.900&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-521-36292X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZEaSdNBL0sgC%26q%3Dfirst%2Bdanish%2Bking%2Bongendus%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+monarchies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McMaster-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McMaster_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMaster" class="citation web cs1">McMaster, Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://governor.sc.gov/news/2023-01/2023-state-state-address-governor-henry-mcmaster">"2023 State of the State Address"</a>. <i>governor.sc.gov</i>. Governor of South Carolina<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=governor.sc.gov&rft.atitle=2023+State+of+the+State+Address&rft.aulast=McMaster&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovernor.sc.gov%2Fnews%2F2023-01%2F2023-state-state-address-governor-henry-mcmaster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+monarchies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPA_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/175045.pdf">"Gullah/Geechee Nation Constitution Preamble"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>epa.gov</i>. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=epa.gov&rft.atitle=Gullah%2FGeechee+Nation+Constitution+Preamble&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsemspub.epa.gov%2Fwork%2FHQ%2F175045.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+monarchies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/108849/witnesses/HMTG-116-II13-Wstate-QuetQ-20190207-U1.pdf">"Queen Quet Chieftess of the Gullah/Geechee Nation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.congress.gov</i>. United States Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.congress.gov&rft.atitle=Queen+Quet+Chieftess+of+the+Gullah%2FGeechee+Nation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2F116%2Fmeeting%2Fhouse%2F108849%2Fwitnesses%2FHMTG-116-II13-Wstate-QuetQ-20190207-U1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+monarchies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&oldid=1255875064">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchies&oldid=1255875064</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_monarchies" title="Category:Lists of monarchies">Lists of monarchies</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_November_2016" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from November 2016">Articles that may contain original research from November 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2021">Articles needing additional references from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 02:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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