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2016 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2016-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2016 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shah,_Livingstone_and_Walker_comments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shah,_Livingstone_and_Walker_comments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Shah, Livingstone and Walker comments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shah,_Livingstone_and_Walker_comments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inquiries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inquiries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Inquiries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inquiries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 2017 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2017-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2017 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 General election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hate_speech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hate_speech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Hate speech </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hate_speech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_letter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_letter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Public letter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_letter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 2018 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2018-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2018 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_the_Jewish_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_the_Jewish_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Relationship with the Jewish community </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_the_Jewish_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March–April" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March–April"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 March–April </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March–April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Freedom_for_Humanity_mural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_for_Humanity_mural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Freedom for Humanity mural </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom_for_Humanity_mural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comments_about_certain_Zionists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_about_certain_Zionists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Comments about certain Zionists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_about_certain_Zionists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facebook_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facebook_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Facebook groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facebook_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corbyn's_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corbyn's_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Corbyn's responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corbyn's_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christine_Shawcroft_resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christine_Shawcroft_resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Christine Shawcroft resignation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christine_Shawcroft_resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Revision </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.2 Defence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outcome_and_media_review" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outcome_and_media_review"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.3 Outcome and media review </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outcome_and_media_review-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August:_Holocaust_remembrance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August:_Holocaust_remembrance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 August: Holocaust remembrance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August:_Holocaust_remembrance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 2019 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2019-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2019 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peter_Willsman_comments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peter_Willsman_comments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Peter Willsman comments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peter_Willsman_comments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Training and education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-John_A._Hobson's_foreword" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_A._Hobson's_foreword"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 John A. Hobson's foreword </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_A._Hobson's_foreword-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disciplinary_processes,_outcomes_and_staff_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disciplinary_processes,_outcomes_and_staff_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Disciplinary processes, outcomes and staff claims </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disciplinary_processes,_outcomes_and_staff_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disciplinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disciplinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Disciplinary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disciplinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disciplinary_outcomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disciplinary_outcomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.2 Disciplinary outcomes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disciplinary_outcomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_by_former_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_by_former_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.3 Claims by former staff </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_by_former_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Resignations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 External investigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_Labour_Party_advocates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_Labour_Party_advocates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Criticism of Labour Party advocates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_Labour_Party_advocates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_to_attack_on_rabbi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_to_attack_on_rabbi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Response to attack on rabbi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_to_attack_on_rabbi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 December election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_Rabbi_Ephraim_Mirvis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_Rabbi_Ephraim_Mirvis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Chief Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_Rabbi_Ephraim_Mirvis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-JLM_and_the_2019_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JLM_and_the_2019_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9.1 JLM and the 2019 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JLM_and_the_2019_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 2020 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2020-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2020 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keir_Starmer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keir_Starmer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Keir Starmer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keir_Starmer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_investigation_into_Labour's_Governance_and_Legal_Unit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_investigation_into_Labour's_Governance_and_Legal_Unit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Internal investigation into Labour's Governance and Legal Unit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_investigation_into_Labour's_Governance_and_Legal_Unit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebecca_Long-Bailey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebecca_Long-Bailey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Rebecca Long-Bailey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebecca_Long-Bailey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steve_Reed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steve_Reed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Steve Reed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steve_Reed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_of_2019_Panorama_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_of_2019_Panorama_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Aftermath of 2019 Panorama programme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_of_2019_Panorama_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publication_of_EHRC_report_and_Corbyn_suspension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publication_of_EHRC_report_and_Corbyn_suspension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Publication of EHRC report and Corbyn suspension </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publication_of_EHRC_report_and_Corbyn_suspension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 2021–present </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2021–present-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2021–present subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2021–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exclusion_of_alleged_far-left_factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exclusion_of_alleged_far-left_factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Exclusion of alleged far-left factions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exclusion_of_alleged_far-left_factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forde_Report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forde_Report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Forde Report </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forde_Report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel–Hamas_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel–Hamas_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Israel–Hamas war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel–Hamas_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statements_of_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statements_of_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Statements of support </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Statements_of_support-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Statements of support subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Statements_of_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Labour_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Labour movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_activists_and_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_activists_and_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Jewish activists and organisations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_activists_and_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics_and_researchers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics_and_researchers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Academics and researchers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academics_and_researchers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journalists_and_authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journalists_and_authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Journalists and authors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journalists_and_authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surveys_and_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surveys_and_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Surveys and studies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Surveys_and_studies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Surveys and studies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Surveys_and_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 General population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 British Jews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labour_Party_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_Party_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Labour Party members </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_Party_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism" title="Category:Antisemitism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Yellowbadge_logo.svg/100px-Yellowbadge_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Yellowbadge_logo.svg/150px-Yellowbadge_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Yellowbadge_logo.svg/200px-Yellowbadge_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="503" /></a><div class="sidebar-caption"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Part of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">Jewish history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism" title="History of antisemitism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism" title="Timeline of antisemitism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writers_on_antisemitism" title="List of writers on antisemitism">Reference</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Definitions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_definition_of_antisemitism" title="Working definition of antisemitism">IHRA definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Declaration_on_Antisemitism" title="Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism">Jerusalem Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Nexus Task Force">Nexus Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ds_of_antisemitism" title="Three Ds of antisemitism">Three Ds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of antisemitism">Geography</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Argentina" title="Antisemitism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Australia" title="Antisemitism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Austria" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Belgium" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Canada" title="Antisemitism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_China" title="Antisemitism in China">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Chile" title="Antisemitism in Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Antisemitism in Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Europe" title="Antisemitism in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_France" title="Antisemitism in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_France" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century France">21st-century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Germany" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Greece" title="Antisemitism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Hungary" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Italy" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Japan" title="Antisemitism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_New_Zealand" title="Antisemitism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Pakistan" title="Antisemitism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Romania" title="Antisemitism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Russia" title="Antisemitism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Antisemitism in the Russian Empire">Imperial Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin_and_antisemitism" title="Joseph Stalin and antisemitism">Stalinist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Antisemitism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_textbook_controversy" title="Saudi Arabian textbook controversy">textbook controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_South_Africa" title="Antisemitism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Spain" title="Antisemitism in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matar_jud%C3%ADos" title="Matar judíos">Matar judíos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Sweden" title="Antisemitism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Turkey" title="Antisemitism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Ukraine" title="Antisemitism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Antisemitism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the UK Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party">Labour Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">USA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="History of antisemitism in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States_in_the_21st_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the United States in the 21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Venezuela" title="Antisemitism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_and_antisemitism" title="Universities and antisemitism">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Antisemitism in the Arab world">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_antisemitism" title="Economic antisemitism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_incidents_during_the_Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Antisemitic incidents during the Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War ('08-'09)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Antisemitism during the Israel–Hamas war">Israel-Hamas war ('23-'24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish antisemitism">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_antisemitism" title="Medieval antisemitism">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">Olympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_antisemitism" title="Racial antisemitism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Christianity" title="Antisemitism in Christianity">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Islam" title="Antisemitism in Islam">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam_and_antisemitism" title="Nation of Islam and antisemitism">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_antisemitism" title="Secondary antisemitism">Secondary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">Antisemitic tropes</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andinia_Plan" title="Andinia Plan">Andinia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohen_Plan" title="Cohen Plan">Cohen Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Bolshevism" title="Cultural Bolshevism">Cultural Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Deicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_canards#Controlling_the_world_financial_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic canards">Finance control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Prophecy" title="Franklin Prophecy">Franklin Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration#Medieval_accusations_against_Jews" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewish conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_lobby#Viewed_as_antisemitic_and/or_pejorative" title="Jewish lobby">Jewish lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_war_conspiracy_theory" title="Jewish war conspiracy theory">Jewish war conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna" title="Żydokomuna">Żydokomuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory" title="Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory">Judeo-Masonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_tax_conspiracy_theory" title="Kosher tax conspiracy theory">Kosher tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_canards#Controlling_the_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic canards">Media control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon#Antisemitism" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cosmopolitan" title="Rootless cosmopolitan">Rootless cosmopolitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-hating_Jew" title="Self-hating Jew">Self-hating Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_poisoning#History_of_well_poisoning_as_libel" title="Well poisoning">Well poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory#Neo-Nazis'_accusations_against_Jews" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">ZOG conspiracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitic_publications" title="Category:Antisemitic publications">Antisemitic publications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Barnes_Review" title="The Barnes Review">The Barnes Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Critique_series" title="The Culture of Critique series">Culture of Critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Wars" title="Currency Wars">Currency Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dearborn_Independent" title="The Dearborn Independent">The Dearborn Independent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Cleansing_(video_game)" title="Ethnic Cleansing (video game)">Ethnic Cleansing (video game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_France_juive" title="La France juive">La France juive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_(Pierce_novel)" title="Hunter (Pierce novel)">Hunter (William Luther Pierce)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter" title="1988 Hamas charter">1988 Hamas Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Jew" title="The International Jew">The International Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Libre_Parole" title="La Libre Parole">La Libre Parole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper)" title="The Light (newspaper)">The Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Jews_and_Their_Lies" title="On the Jews and Their Lies">On the Jews and Their Lies</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Our_Race_Will_Rule_Undisputed_Over_The_World" title="Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World">Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Relationship_Between_Blacks_and_Jews" title="The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews">The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_(Mason_book)" title="Siege (Mason book)">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turner_Diaries" title="The Turner Diaries">The Turner Diaries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Antisemitism on the Internet</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">4chan (/pol/)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disclose.tv" title="Disclose.tv">Disclose.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa:_The_Last_Battle" title="Europa: The Last Battle">Europa: The Last Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Goebbels Gap">Goebbels Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoyimTV" class="mw-redirect" title="GoyimTV">GoyimTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew_Watch" title="Jew Watch">Jew Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">The Occidental Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Renegade Tribune">Renegade Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff (blog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorgram" title="Terrorgram">Terrorgram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TruNews" title="TruNews">TruNews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Unz" title="Ron Unz">The Unz Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Today" title="Veterans Today">Veterans Today</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Prominent figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baked Alaska (activist)">Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beam" title="Louis Beam">Louis Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_von_Brunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James von Brunn">James von Brunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(white_supremacist)" title="Richard Butler (white supremacist)">Richard Girnt Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Édouard Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Andreas_Eisenmenger" title="Johann Andreas Eisenmenger">Johann Eisenmenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Theodor Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Nick Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">David Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_G._Liebold" title="Ernest G. Liebold">Ernest G. Liebold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_and_antisemitism" title="Martin Luther and antisemitism">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">Kevin MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Eustace Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Kevin Alfred Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Wiles" title="Rick Wiles">Rick Wiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Ernst Zündel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Corneliu Zelea Codreanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima" title="Horia Sima">Horia Sima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">A. C. Cuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Buzatu" title="Gheorghe Buzatu">Gheorghe Buzatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nae_Ionescu" title="Nae Ionescu">Nae Ionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Nichifor Crainic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Slavici" title="Ioan Slavici">Ioan Slavici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Ferenczy" title="László Ferenczy">László Ferenczy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symon_Petliura" title="Symon Petliura">Symon Petliura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">Black Death persecutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Jewish_boycotts" title="Anti-Jewish boycotts">Boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsions_and_exoduses_of_Jews" title="Expulsions and exoduses of Jews">Expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quarter_(diaspora)" title="Jewish quarter (diaspora)">Jewish quarter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ghettos_in_Europe" title="Jewish ghettos in Europe">Ghettos in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellah" title="Mellah">Mellah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hat" title="Jewish hat">Jewish hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrdom_in_Judaism" title="Martyrdom in Judaism">Martyrdom in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement" title="Pale of Settlement">Pale of Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pogroms_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Pogroms in the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogroms_during_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Pogroms during the Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refuseniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anti-antisemitism" title="Anti-antisemitism">Opposition</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Antisemitism" title="Campaign Against Antisemitism">Campaign Against Antisemitism</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Trust" title="Community Security Trust">Community Security Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights_Agency" title="Fundamental Rights Agency">Fundamental Rights Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosemitism" title="Philosemitism">Philosemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Roth_Institute" title="Stephen Roth Institute">Stephen Roth Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Committee_Against_Antisemitism" title="Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism">Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Councils_for_Soviet_Jews" title="Union of Councils for Soviet Jews">Union of Councils for Soviet Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Watch" title="UN Watch">UN Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Strategy_to_Counter_Antisemitism" title="U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism">U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Holocaust_Library" title="Wiener Holocaust Library">Wiener Holocaust Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_definition_of_antisemitism" title="Working definition of antisemitism">Working definition of antisemitism</a> (IHRA) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Declaration_on_Antisemitism" title="Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism">Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ds_of_antisemitism" title="Three Ds of antisemitism">Three Ds of antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Needs to extend coverage for the post-October 7, 2023 period. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a> within the Labour Party of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (UK) dates to its establishment. One early example is comments about "<a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">Jewish finance</a>" during the <a href="/wiki/Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer War">Boer War</a>. In the 2000s, controversies arose over comments by Labour politicians regarding an alleged "<a href="/wiki/Jewish_lobby" title="Jewish lobby">Jewish lobby</a>", a comparison by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a> of a Jewish journalist to a <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camp</a> guard, and a 2005 Labour attack on Jewish <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Michael Howard</a>. Following the election of <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a> as party leader in September 2015, allegations of antisemitism within the party grew. Incidents involving <a href="/wiki/Naz_Shah" title="Naz Shah">Naz Shah</a> in 2014 and Livingstone in 2016 resulted in suspension from party membership pending investigation. In response, Corbyn established the <a href="/wiki/Chakrabarti_Inquiry" title="Chakrabarti Inquiry">Chakrabarti Inquiry</a>, which concluded that while the party was not "overrun by anti-Semitism or other forms of racism", it found an "occasionally toxic atmosphere" and "clear evidence of ignorant attitudes".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeymour2017186-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerman2019a-2">[2]</a> In 2017, Labour Party rules were amended to categorize <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>, including antisemitism, as a disciplinary matter. In 2018, Corbyn faced scrutiny for his 2012 response to an allegedly antisemitic mural and for his association with Facebook groups, mainly pro-Palestinian, containing antisemitic posts. Labour's NEC (NEC) adopted a definition of antisemitism for disciplinary purposes in July of that year, aligning with the <a href="/wiki/International_Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance" title="International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance">International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance</a> (IHRA) <a href="/wiki/Working_Definition_of_Antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Working Definition of Antisemitism">Working Definition</a>, with modified examples related to <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel" title="Criticism of Israel">criticism of Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbcihra-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlug2018a-4">[4]</a> In September 2018, the National Executive Committee (NEC) incorporated all 11 IHRA examples, unamended, into the party's code of conduct.<a href="#cite_note-SabSep18-5">[5]</a> In May 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a> (EHRC) launched an inquiry into whether Labour had "unlawfully discriminated against, harassed or victimised people because they are Jewish". In October 2020, EHRC published its report, determining that the party was "responsible for unlawful acts of harassment and discrimination". It reported 23 instances of political interference and concluded that Labour breached the Equality Act in two cases.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Corbyn was subsequently suspended from Labour and the party whip was removed on 29 October 2020 "for a failure to retract" his assertion that the scale of antisemitism within Labour had been overstated.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Boer_War_and_"Jewish_finance"">Second Boer War and "Jewish finance"</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa" title="History of the Jews in South Africa">History of the Jews in South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_banking_family_of_England#Involvement_in_finance_and_industry" title="Rothschild banking family of England">Rothschild banking family of England § Involvement in finance and industry</a></div> In the late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Antisemitism in the United Kingdom">antisemitism</a> was common throughout British society. This intensified during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> (1899–1902) and came to include the <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labour movement</a>, dismaying socialist Jews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJuddSurridge2013241–242-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> MP <a href="/wiki/John_Burns" title="John Burns">John Burns</a>' views on the war were prone to antisemitic outbursts, and labour movement figures opposed to the war, such as <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hyndman" title="Henry Hyndman">Henry Hyndman</a>, blamed "Jewish capitalists" for starting it, which angered other members of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation" title="Social Democratic Federation">Social Democratic Federation</a>. Liberal journalist <a href="/wiki/J._A._Hobson" title="J. A. Hobson">J. A. Hobson</a> wrote that the gold mines in South Africa "are almost entirely in their [Jews'] hands",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJuddSurridge2013241–242-9">[9]</a> and Labour Party founder <a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Keir Hardie</a> stated that Jewish financial houses were part of a secretive imperialist cabal that promoted war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWistrich2012203–205-10">[10]</a> According to Denis Judd and Keith Surridge in The Boer War: A History, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade Union Congress">Trade Union Congress</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blatchford" title="Robert Blatchford">Robert Blatchford</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Clarion_(British_newspaper)" title="The Clarion (British newspaper)">The Clarion</a> blamed "Jewish capitalists" as "behind the war and imperialism in general".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJuddSurridge2013242-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3></div> Antisemitic attitudes were not prominent in the 1980s Labour Party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich2018-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHirsh2017-13">[13]</a> Paul Kelemen ascribed the shift in Labour's views to Israel's increasingly right-leaning politics and to the left's opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza</a>. He found no evidence that antisemitism played a role in the left's changing perceptions of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> in that period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelemen2012185-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolpinskaya2014450-15">[15]</a> Daniel L. Staetsky, stated that in the 1980s, parts of the political left assumed pro-Palestinian and anti-Israel positions, and faced accusations of antisemitism within Labour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaetsky201742-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2000–2015">2000–2015</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Israel_lobby"_accusations">"Israel lobby" accusations</h3></div> In 2003, Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Tam_Dalyell" title="Tam Dalyell">Tam Dalyell</a> claimed, referring to the <a href="/wiki/Israel_lobby_in_the_United_States" title="Israel lobby in the United States">Israel lobby in the United States</a>, that "there is far too much Jewish influence in the United States" and that "a cabal of Jewish advisers" was directing American and British policy on Iraq, stating that <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Institute_for_National_Security_of_America" title="Jewish Institute for National Security of America">six of seven hawkish advisers to President George Bush were Jewish</a>, close to <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>, and also singling out <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levy,_Baron_Levy" title="Michael Levy, Baron Levy">Michael Levy</a>, chief fundraiser for <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> and his Middle East envoy for nine years. <a href="/wiki/Eric_Moonman" title="Eric Moonman">Eric Moonman</a> stated he did not think that Dalyell, a close associate of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Richard Crossman</a>, was antisemitic, but that his language could be taken as supportive of such views.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHavardi201674-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[a]</a> In 2010, Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Martin_Linton" title="Martin Linton">Martin Linton</a> alleged that a malevolent <a href="/wiki/Israel_lobby_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel lobby in the UK">Israel lobby operated in the UK</a> saying, "There are long tentacles of Israel in this country who are funding election campaigns and putting money into the British political system for their own ends", while his Jewish fellow Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Kaufman" title="Gerald Kaufman">Gerald Kaufman</a> said that right-wing Jewish millionaires had large stakes in the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[b]</a> <a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Trust" title="Community Security Trust">Community Security Trust</a> spokesman Mark Gardner responded: "Anybody who understands antisemitism will recognise just how ugly and objectionable these quotes are, with their imagery of Jewish control and money power."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHavardi201674-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> In 2015, Kaufman said that "Jewish money, Jewish donations ... [and] support from the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Chronicle">Jewish Chronicle</a>" had led to "a big group of Conservative MPs who are pro-Israel whatever (its) government does", referring to the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_Israel" title="Conservative Friends of Israel">Conservative Friends of Israel</a>; Corbyn condemned Kaufman's remarks at the time as "completely unacceptable".<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005">2005</h3></div> In 2005, Labour politician <a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a> was accused of antisemitism after he asked <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a> reporter Oliver Finegold if he had been "a German war criminal". When the reporter said he was Jewish, Livingstone said "Just like a concentration camp guard, you are just doing it because you are paid to, aren't you?" and asserted that he (Finegold) worked for the "reactionary bigots... who supported fascism" at the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a>. The Evening Standard was then a sister paper of the Mail, which had been supportive of fascism in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Election">Election</h4></div> In the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005 United Kingdom general election</a>, Labour, under <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, tested posters<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETempest2005-26">[24]</a> which <a href="/wiki/TBWA_Worldwide" title="TBWA Worldwide">TBWA</a>, Labour's advertising agency, later said originated from Campaign Director <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Campbell" title="Alastair Campbell">Alastair Campbell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> One depicted the faces of Conservative Party leader <a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Michael Howard</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[c]</a> and Shadow Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Letwin" title="Oliver Letwin">Oliver Letwin</a>, who are Jewish, superimposed upon flying pigs. The slogan was "The Day Tory Sums Add Up" and the poster illustrated the <a href="/wiki/Adynaton" title="Adynaton">adynaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/When_pigs_fly" title="When pigs fly">when pigs fly</a>, used for something that never happens.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanz2012219–227-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurleigh2005-31">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[d]</a> A second poster was of Howard swinging a pocket watch on its chain with the slogan "I can spend the same money twice!" somewhat suggestive of stage <a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">hypnosis</a>, where the subject is persuaded to accept false <a href="/wiki/Suggestion" title="Suggestion">suggestions</a> as true. Conservative backbencher <a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a> had suggested Howard, whose father was born in Romania, had an image problem in that he had "something of the night about him". Labour strategists leapt at this by then depicting Howard as a <a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a> figure swinging a hypnotic watch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelaney2015-34">[30]</a> The pose was said by <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a> to be reminiscent of fictional Jewish, criminal, characters, such as the moneylender, <a href="/wiki/Shylock" title="Shylock">Shylock</a>, from <a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a> and the master pickpocket, <a href="/wiki/Fagin" title="Fagin">Fagin</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Twist" title="Oliver Twist">Oliver Twist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2005-35">[31]</a> The posters were not used and Labour denied any antisemitic intent.<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> They prompted protests from some Jewish groups but the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Deputies_of_British_Jews" title="Board of Deputies of British Jews">Board of Deputies of British Jews</a> (BDBJ) declined to raise the issue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETempest2005-26">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corbyn's_backbench_record">Corbyn's backbench record</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a> was a patron of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Solidarity_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Solidarity Campaign">Palestinian Solidarity Campaign</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich2018i–ii-38">[34]</a> and had campaigned extensively for Palestinian rights during his 32 years as a Parliament backbencher.<a href="#cite_note-McGee_2019-39">[35]</a> In August 2015, as Corbyn emerged <a href="/wiki/2015_Jeremy_Corbyn_Labour_Party_leadership_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Jeremy Corbyn Labour Party leadership campaign">as a front-runner</a> in Labour's <a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">leadership election</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a> devoted its front page to seven questions regarding Corbyn's associations with those it described as "Holocaust deniers, terrorists and some outright antisemites", although Corbyn said he met with them in his search for Middle East peace.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHirsh2017-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> These included his relationship with Islamist militant organisations <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, organisations that Corbyn called "friends" (although he has stated he disagrees with their views);<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> and his failure to object to what The Jewish Chronicle described as antisemitic banners and posters at London <a href="/wiki/Quds_Day" title="Quds Day">Quds Day</a> rallies supported by the organisation, <a href="/wiki/Stop_the_War_Coalition" title="Stop the War Coalition">Stop the War Coalition</a>, of which Corbyn was national chair from 2011 to 2015.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHirsh201742–45-43">[39]</a> Two of the questions related to "<a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin</a> Remembered", an organisation commemorating the massacre of over 100 Palestinian villagers in 1948 and founded by <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denier</a> Paul Eisen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason2015-44">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrince2016-45">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendick2017-46">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> Up to 2013, Corbyn and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Kaufman" title="Gerald Kaufman">Gerald Kaufman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> a Jewish Labour MP, attended "two or three" of the group's annual events. Corbyn has said that this had taken place before Eisen had made his views known publicly, and that he would not have associated with him had he known.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason2015-44">[40]</a> It was reported that Eisen's views were known in 2005 and that he had written an essay on his website in 2008 entitled "My life as a Holocaust denier".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendick2017-46">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2016">2016</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shah,_Livingstone_and_Walker_comments">Shah, Livingstone and Walker comments</h3></div> In April 2016, after it was revealed that Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Naz_Shah" title="Naz Shah">Naz Shah</a> had, during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">2014 Israel–Gaza conflict</a> and before becoming an MP, shared a graphic of Israel superimposed on the U.S. with the caption "Solution for <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israel-Palestine conflict</a> – relocate Israel into United States", adding the comment, "Problem solved". She was suspended pending investigation, but reinstated after agreeing to apologise for bringing the party into disrepute.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> By May 2016, Labour had suspended 56 members for statements alleged to be antisemitic, pending investigation; these accounted for 0.4% of the parliamentary group, 0.07% of Labour councillors, and 0.012% of the Party membership.<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> The graphic was created by American political scientist <a href="/wiki/Norman_Finkelstein" title="Norman Finkelstein">Norman Finkelstein</a>, who described the controversy as "obscene". Referring to those on the Labour right allegedly using the scandal to undermine Corbyn, Finkelstein asked "What are they doing? Don't they have any respect for the dead? ... All these desiccated Labour apparatchiks, dragging the Nazi holocaust through the mud for the sake of their petty jostling for power and position. Have they no shame?"<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> Livingstone defended Shah and said he had never heard antisemitic comments from Labour members. Livingstone added: "When Hitler won his election in 1932 his policy then was that Jews should be moved to Israel. He was supporting Zionism before he went mad and ended up killing six million Jews."<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> After a year-long suspension, a hearing in April 2017 by the National Constitution Committee (NCC) determined he was guilty of prejudicial and detrimental conduct and suspended him from standing for office or representing the party for a further year.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> In May 2018, he resigned from the party, saying the issues surrounding his suspension had become a distraction.<a href="#cite_note-GNPA210518-57">[53]</a> In a statement Livingstone said, "I do not accept the allegation that I have brought Labour into disrepute – nor that I am in any way guilty of antisemitism. I abhor antisemitism, I have fought it all my life and will continue to do so."<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> In May 2016, <a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a> vice-chair <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Walker_(activist)" title="Jackie Walker (activist)">Jackie Walker</a> was investigated by the party over private comments she made on Facebook exaggerating the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_slavery#Assessing_the_extent_of_Jewish_involvement_in_the_Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Jewish views on slavery">role of Jews in the Atlantic slave trade</a>. Walker said her words had been taken out of context. No further action was taken following the investigation.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> Momentum chair <a href="/wiki/Jon_Lansman" title="Jon Lansman">Jon Lansman</a> defended her, describing the media as "a 'lynch mob' whose interest in combating racism is highly selective".<a href="#cite_note-Lansman081016-60">[56]</a> Following that year's Party Conference, at which Walker asked in a training session why <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Memorial_Day_(UK)" title="Holocaust Memorial Day (UK)">Holocaust Memorial Day</a> did not include pre-1940 genocides such as the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>, she was removed from her Momentum position, while remaining on its steering committee, after <a href="/wiki/Transport_Salaried_Staffs%27_Association" title="Transport Salaried Staffs' Association">TSSA</a> union general secretary <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cortes" title="Manuel Cortes">Manuel Cortes</a> said their funding would be reconsidered otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-Stone-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> Lansman called Walker's comments "ill-informed, ill-judged and offensive", but not antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-Lansman081016-60">[56]</a> The party suspended her pending investigation.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> Walker said that she "utterly condemn[s] antisemitism", that her words were taken out of context, and that "I would never play down the significance of the <a href="/wiki/Shoah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoah">Shoah</a>. Working with many Jewish comrades, I continue to seek to bring greater awareness of other genocides, which are too often forgotten or minimised. If offence has been caused, it is the last thing I would want to do and I apologise."<a href="#cite_note-theguardianwalker-64">[60]</a> She was expelled from the party for misconduct in March 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Labour_Expels_Jackie_Walker-65">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inquiries">Inquiries</h3></div> Following the suspensions, Corbyn commissioned <a href="/wiki/Chakrabarti_Inquiry" title="Chakrabarti Inquiry">an inquiry</a> into antisemitism and other forms of racism in April 2016, led by barrister <a href="/wiki/Shami_Chakrabarti" title="Shami Chakrabarti">Shami Chakrabarti</a>, former head of the human rights advocacy group <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(advocacy_group)" title="Liberty (advocacy group)">Liberty</a>. She said she joined Labour to show that she had members' interests and values at heart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsthana2016-66">[62]</a> The inquiry had two deputy chairs: <a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Jan Royall</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Feldman_(lawyer)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Feldman (lawyer)">David Feldman</a>, Director of the <a href="/wiki/Pears_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Antisemitism" title="Pears Institute for the Study of Antisemitism">Pears Institute for the Study of Antisemitism</a>. In 2007, Feldman was a signatory to <a href="/wiki/Independent_Jewish_Voices" title="Independent Jewish Voices">Independent Jewish Voices</a>, which in May 2016 described some allegations of antisemitism within Labour as "baseless and disingenuous". Chakrabarti said he distanced himself from this comment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsthana2016-66">[62]</a> In June, the inquiry reported that it had found "no evidence" of systemic antisemitism in Labour, save for an "occasionally toxic atmosphere", and made 20 recommendations, including outlawing offensive terms and improving disciplinary procedures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeymour2018a-67">[63]</a> Responses included both acceptance and criticism. Jewish Labour Movement (JLM) chair Jeremy Newmark said, "It's a strong platform for the party to ... set a gold standard in tackling racism and anti-Semitism."<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> BDBJ said: "We hope that the implementation of this report will be rigorous and swift."<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi_of_the_United_Hebrew_Congregations_of_Great_Britain_and_the_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of Great Britain and the Commonwealth">Chief Rabbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Mirvis" title="Ephraim Mirvis">Ephraim Mirvis</a> called for a "full and unhesitating implementation of the report's findings".<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> Chakrabarti was Labour's sole nomination to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> in <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>'s August 2016 <a href="/wiki/2016_Prime_Minister%27s_Resignation_Honours" title="2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours">Resignation Honours</a>. She became a peer in September and the following month was appointed <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales" title="Shadow Attorney General for England and Wales">Shadow Attorney General</a>. Commentators were immediately more critical, with the report being described as a "whitewash for peerage scandal" by BDBJ.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> British author <a href="/wiki/Howard_Jacobson" title="Howard Jacobson">Howard Jacobson</a> called the inquiry "a brief and shoddy shuffling of superficies",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobson2017-74">[70]</a> and suggested that the peerage was showing contempt for those who had objected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESugarman2017-75">[71]</a> In April 2018, Chakrabarti accepted that some recommendations had not been implemented and said that Labour Party General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Jennie_Formby" title="Jennie Formby">Jennie Formby</a> would make this a priority.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> Following allegations of antisemitism within the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Labour_Club" title="Oxford University Labour Club">Oxford University Labour Club</a>, Jan Royall chaired an inquiry by <a href="/wiki/Labour_Students" title="Labour Students">Labour Students</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETran2016-77">[73]</a> The party's NEC accepted the report in May 2016. The report found "no evidence the club is itself institutionally anti-Semitic", still reporting a "cultural problem" in which (antisemitic) "behaviour and language that would once have been intolerable is now tolerated".<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> In October, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> <a href="/wiki/Home_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Home Affairs Select Committee">Home Affairs Select Committee</a> held an inquiry into <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Antisemitism in the United Kingdom">antisemitism in the United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoffeySherwood2016-79">[75]</a> The committee found "no reliable, empirical evidence to support the notion that there is a higher prevalence of antisemitic attitudes within Labour than any other party." It was critical of Corbyn's response to antisemitic incidents against Labour MPs and described the Chakrabarti inquiry as "ultimately compromised".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoffeySherwood2016-79">[75]</a> The report also found that "the failure of Labour to deal consistently and effectively with anti-Semitic incidents in recent years risks lending force to allegations that elements of the Labour movement are institutionally anti-Semitic".<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2017">2017</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_election">General election</h3></div> During the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general election</a> campaign, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Movement" title="Jewish Labour Movement">JLM</a> chairman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Newmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Newmark (page does not exist)">Jeremy Newmark</a> said that "Jeremy Corbyn appears to have failed to understand the nature of contemporary anti-Semitism in the same way that it's understood by most of its target group". Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Wes_Streeting" title="Wes Streeting">Wes Streeting</a> criticised the party's record, saying "I don't think many Jewish voters in my constituency have been very impressed with the way Labour as a whole have responded", but denied that Corbyn was antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosephs2017-81">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHope2017-82">[78]</a> According to polling in 2015, politicians' attitudes towards Israel influenced the vote of three out of four British Jews.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> It is estimated that 26% of Jewish voters voted for Labour.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> Analysis by election analysts academics Stephen Fisher et al., suggested that, in the five UK constituencies where more than 10% of the population (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_census,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom census, 2011">2011</a>) identify as Jewish – <a href="/wiki/Finchley_and_Golders_Green_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finchley and Golders Green (UK Parliament constituency)">Finchley and Golders Green</a> (21%), <a href="/wiki/Hendon_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hendon (UK Parliament constituency)">Hendon</a> (17%), <a href="/wiki/Hertsmere_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hertsmere (UK Parliament constituency)">Hertsmere</a> (14%), <a href="/wiki/Hackney_North_and_Stoke_Newington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hackney North and Stoke Newington (UK Parliament constituency)">Hackney North and Stoke Newington</a> (11%) and <a href="/wiki/Bury_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bury South (UK Parliament constituency)">Bury South</a> (10%) – Labour's vote share at the 2017 general election increased by seven share points on average, almost three points less than the national average. This included an above-average swing to Labour in Hackney North and Stoke Newington.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFordCurticeEnglish2018-85">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hate_speech">Hate speech</h3></div> During the 2017 Labour Party Conference, new rules on <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a> were adopted, as proposed by JLM and supported by Corbyn. Previously, party members could not be disciplined for "the mere holding or expression of beliefs and opinions". Under the new rules, those who express antisemitic or other forms of hate speech, including racism, Islamophobia, sexism and homophobia, or other "conduct prejudicial to the Party", could be disciplined.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElgot2017-86">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_letter">Public letter</h3></div> In November 2017, Jewish authors <a href="/wiki/Howard_Jacobson" title="Howard Jacobson">Howard Jacobson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Schama" title="Simon Schama">Simon Schama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Sebag_Montefiore" title="Simon Sebag Montefiore">Simon Sebag Montefiore</a> in a letter to <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, said "We are alarmed that during the past few years, constructive criticism of Israeli governments has morphed into something closer to antisemitism under the cloak of so-called <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">anti-Zionism</a>", further stating "Although anti-Zionists claim innocence of any antisemitic intent, anti-Zionism frequently borrows the libels of classical Jew-hating," and adding "Accusations of international Jewish conspiracy and control of the media have resurfaced to support false equations of Zionism with colonialism and imperialism, and the promotion of vicious, fictitious parallels with genocide and Nazism".<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2018">2018</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_the_Jewish_community">Relationship with the Jewish community</h3></div> In March 2018, BDBJ and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Leadership_Council" title="Jewish Leadership Council">Jewish Leadership Council</a> (JLC) issued an open letter stating that Corbyn was "repeatedly found alongside people with blatantly anti-Semitic views", concluding that Corbyn "cannot seriously contemplate anti-Semitism, because he is so ideologically fixed within a far-left worldview that is instinctively hostile to mainstream Jewish communities".<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> Hundreds of protestors outside Parliament Square Labour Party antisemitism,<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> demanding that Corbyn do more to tackle anti-Jewish feeling.<a href="#cite_note-Cowburn-91">[87]</a> Jewish Voice for Labour (JVL) organised a smaller counter-demonstration.<a href="#cite_note-Cowburn-91">[87]</a> In April 2018, Corbyn attended a "third night" <a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder" title="Passover Seder">Passover Seder</a> celebration held in his constituency by radical Jewish group <a href="/wiki/Jewdas" title="Jewdas">Jewdas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-standardjewdas-92">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardianjewdas-93">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-jewdasstatement-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> JLC criticised Corbyn for attending the event, while BDBJ said: "If Jeremy Corbyn goes to their event, how can we take his stated commitment to be an ally against anti-Semitism seriously?"<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-jewdas-nyt-97">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Nichols" title="Charlotte Nichols">Charlotte Nichols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_Labour_(UK)" title="Young Labour (UK)">Young Labour</a>'s women's officer and Jewdas member, commended Corbyn for attending the event,<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> arguing that it was "absolutely right" for Corbyn to "engage with the community at all levels"<a href="#cite_note-jewdas-nyt-97">[93]</a> and that many of the event attendees "are absolutely part of the 'mainstream community'".<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> In April 2018, following a meeting with Corbyn to discuss antisemitism in Labour, JLC and BDBJ said "We are disappointed that Mr Corbyn's proposals fell short of the minimum level of action which our letter suggested. In particular, they did not agree in the meeting with our proposals that there should be a fixed timetable to deal with antisemitism cases; that they should expedite the long-standing cases involving <a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Walker_(activist)" title="Jackie Walker (activist)">Jackie Walker</a>; that no MP should share a platform with somebody expelled or suspended for antisemitism; that they adopt the full <a href="/wiki/International_Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance" title="International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance">International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance</a> definition of antisemitism with all its examples and clauses; that there should be transparent oversight of their disciplinary process".<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> Corbyn described the meeting as "positive and constructive" and re-iterated that he was "absolutely committed" to rooting out antisemitism in Labour.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> In April 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Israeli Labor Party</a>, JLM's sister party,<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Avi_Gabbay" title="Avi Gabbay">Avi Gabbay</a>, announced it would cut ties with Corbyn and his office due to their handling of antisemitism, but retain ties with Labour as a whole. In a letter to Corbyn, Gabbay wrote of "my responsibility to acknowledge the hostility that you have shown to the Jewish community and the antisemitic statements and actions you have allowed".<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> In August 2018, Corbyn said that antisemitism was a "problem that the Labour Party is working to overcome". He said that criticism of Israel may stray into antisemitism at times, but denied that all forms of anti-Zionism were inherently racist, and pledged to root out antisemitism within the party,<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> saying: "People who dish out anti-Semitic poison need to understand: You do not do it in my name. You are not my supporters and have no place in our movement."<a href="#cite_note-JSDS-106">[102]</a> In a video release a few days later, Corbyn apologised again, saying, "I acknowledge there is a real problem of antisemitism that Labour is working to overcome. I am sorry for the hurt that has been caused to many Jewish people".<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> In the same month, Corbyn denied that he or Labour posed an "existential threat".<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> In September 2018, at Labour Conference, Corbyn said he wants Labour and the Jewish community to "work together and draw a line" under antisemitism. He went on to attack the Conservative Party for accusing Labour of "anti-Semitism one day, then endorse <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a>'s hard-right government the next day".<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March–April">March–April</h3></div> Controversies erupted about incidents in Jeremy Corbyn's backbench record. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freedom_for_Humanity_mural">Freedom for Humanity mural</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Freedom_for_Humanity" title="Freedom for Humanity">Freedom for Humanity</a></div> The 2012 Freedom for Humanity was a street mural painted in east London by American artist <a href="/wiki/Mear_One" title="Mear One">Mear One</a>. The artwork depicted what Mear One described as an "elite banker cartel" of the <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_family" title="Rothschild family">Rothschilds</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_family" title="Rockefeller family">Rockefellers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">Morgans</a> and others sitting around a <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_(game)" title="Monopoly (game)">Monopoly</a>-style board game on the backs of men with dark complexions.<a href="#cite_note-ToI2012-111">[107]</a> The temporary mural was removed by <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets council</a> following complaints by residents. Mayor <a href="/wiki/Lutfur_Rahman_(British_politician)" title="Lutfur Rahman (British politician)">Lutfur Rahman</a> said "the images of the bankers perpetuate antisemitic propaganda about conspiratorial Jewish domination of financial and political institutions".<a href="#cite_note-Dysch-112">[108]</a> In response, Mear One denied that the mural was antisemitic; he said that the mural was about "class and privilege", and pointed out that the figures depicted included both "Jewish and white Anglos".<a href="#cite_note-ToI2012-111">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> Corbyn, responding to a Facebook post from the artist that contained an image of the mural and was written before it had been criticised, saying, "Tomorrow they want to buff my mural Freedom of Expression," had written: "Why? You are in good company. Rockerfeller [sic] destroyed <a href="/wiki/Diego_Viera" title="Diego Viera">Diego Viera</a>'s [sic] mural because it includes a picture of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a>,"<a href="#cite_note-Merrick-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stewart_2018-115">[111]</a> an apparent reference to <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>'s destruction of <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Man_at_the_Crossroads" title="Man at the Crossroads">Man at the Crossroads</a> fresco in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-Dysch-112">[108]</a> In March 2018, Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Luciana_Berger" title="Luciana Berger">Luciana Berger</a> asked Corbyn why he had questioned the removal of a mural showing a member of the Rothschild family as it did.<a href="#cite_note-Elliott-116">[112]</a> Corbyn said, "I sincerely regret that I did not look more closely at the image I was commenting on, the contents of which are deeply disturbing and antisemitic". "The defence of free speech cannot be used as a justification for the promotion of antisemitism in any form."<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> Karen Pollock of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Educational_Trust" title="Holocaust Educational Trust">Holocaust Educational Trust</a> said that the mural was "indefensible" as it "was blatantly anti-Semitic, using images commonly found in anti-Semitic propaganda".<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> Jeremy Gilbert argued that this accusation was based on a <a href="/wiki/Formal_fallacy" title="Formal fallacy">logical fallacy</a>, saying that the allegation "amounts to a mere argument from resemblance: because anti-capitalist discourse and anti-Semitic discourse share some structural features, they are fundamentally the same".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2018-120">[116]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Deborah_E._Lipstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Deborah E. Lipstadt">Deborah E. Lipstadt</a>, echoed in local media, the Jewish caricatures resembled the imagery used by <a href="/wiki/Der_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Stürmer">Der Stürmer</a> in Nazi Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Lipstadt2019-121">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comments_about_certain_Zionists">Comments about certain Zionists</h4></div> In a January 2013 meeting in Parliament, UK Palestinian Authority representative <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Hassassian" title="Manuel Hassassian">Manuel Hassassian</a> said that Jews are "the only children of God ... because nobody is stopping Israel building its messianic dream of Eretz Israel [the Land of Israel]".<a href="#cite_note-Paul_JPost-122">[118]</a> Pro-Israel activists at the meeting then challenged Hassassian.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_JPost-122">[118]</a> In August 2018, MailOnline released footage of comments that Corbyn had made a few days after this event at Friends House in Euston, convened by the Palestinian Return Centre. He defended Hassassian's comments, which, he said, were "dutifully recorded by the thankfully silent Zionists" in the audience.<a href="#cite_note-StSp24Au18-123">[119]</a> Corbyn went on to say that these "Zionists" had two problems: "One is that they don't want to study history and secondly, having lived in this country for a very long time, probably all their lives, they don't understand English irony either. Manuel [Hassassian] does understand English irony and uses it very, very effectively so I think they need two lessons which we can help them with".<a href="#cite_note-Ke25Au18-124">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> His comments were accused by some of coded antisemitism, including by Labour MPs Luciana Berger, <a href="/wiki/Wes_Streeting" title="Wes Streeting">Wes Streeting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Gapes" title="Mike Gapes">Mike Gapes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_McKinnell" title="Catherine McKinnell">Catherine McKinnell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-StSp24Au18-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ke25Au18-124">[120]</a> Conservative MPs reported Corbyn to the parliamentary standards watchdog over the comments.<a href="#cite_note-Ba25Au18-126">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Lipstadt" title="Deborah Lipstadt">Deborah Lipstadt</a> asserted that Corbyn had crossed the line from anti-Zionism to antisemitism.<a href="#cite_note-AhistoricalAntisemitism-127">[123]</a> Corbyn's remarks were defended by shadow chancellor <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">John McDonnell</a>, who argued that the comments were taken out of context.<a href="#cite_note-Ke25Au18-124">[120]</a> A Labour spokesperson said that parts of the speech which contexualised Corbyn's language were "edited out of the footage ... He had been speaking about Zionists and non-Zionist Jews and very clearly does not go on to use Zionists as any kind of shorthand for Jews".<a href="#cite_note-StSp24Au18-123">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facebook_groups">Facebook groups</h3></div> In March 2018, it was reported that, in 2014, Corbyn and some of his staff had been members of three private Facebook groups, including "Palestine Live" and "History of Palestine", containing antisemitic posts. A spokesman said that Corbyn had been added to the first two groups by others, had little involvement in them, and had either left them already or left following the reports. Labour stated that a full investigation would be undertaken and action taken against any member involved.<a href="#cite_note-Harpin1-128">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zeffman-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fisher22Ma18-134">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> At the beginning of April, <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> reported that it had uncovered over 2,000 examples of antisemitic, racist, violent threats and abusive posts in Corbyn-supporting private Facebook groups, including frequent attacks on Jews and Holocaust-denying material.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael1April-137">[133]</a> The 20 largest pro-Corbyn private Facebook groups, with combined membership of over 400,000, were reported to have as members 12 senior staff who worked for Corbyn and shadow chancellor <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">John McDonnell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> Many of the posts criticised Labour MP Berger and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Arkush" title="Jonathan Arkush">Jonathan Arkush</a>, president of BDBJ.<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael1April-137">[133]</a> A Labour Party spokesperson said the groups "are not officially connected to the party in any way". Labour MPs urged Corbyn to instruct his supporters to shut down groups containing abusive posts.<a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> Subsequently, Corbyn deleted his personal Facebook account, which he had set up before becoming Labour leader, although his official page remained.<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corbyn's_responses">Corbyn's responses</h4></div> In March 2018, in response to claims that he may be seen as antisemitic, Corbyn stated, "I'm not an anti-Semite in any form" and that he challenges "anti-Semitism whenever it arises and no anti-Semitic remarks are done in my name or would ever be done in my name".<a href="#cite_note-JNO-143">[139]</a> In the same month, Corbyn said that he would not tolerate antisemitism "in and around" Labour. "We must stamp this out from our party and movement", he said. "We recognise that anti-Semitism has occurred in pockets within Labour, causing pain and hurt to our Jewish community in Labour and the rest of the country. I am sincerely sorry for the pain which has been caused, and pledge to redouble my efforts to bring this anxiety to an end".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2019-144">[140]</a> The following month, writing in the <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a>, Corbyn said, "We have not done enough fully to get to grips with the problem, and for that the Jewish community and our own Jewish members deserve an apology. My party and I are sorry for the hurt and distress caused".<a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christine_Shawcroft_resignation">Christine Shawcroft resignation</h3></div> In March 2018, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Shawcroft" title="Christine Shawcroft">Christine Shawcroft</a>, the recently appointed<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> head of the Party's disputes panel, resigned after it emerged she had opposed the suspension of Peterborough council candidate Alan Bull, for what she called "a Facebook post taken completely out of context and alleged to show anti-Semitism". She later said that she had not seen the Facebook post in question. Bull, in 2015, had shared in a closed Facebook group an article suggesting that the Holocaust was a hoax to "invite discussion and debate". Bull later said "I'm not an anti-Semite, I am not a Holocaust denier – I support equal rights for Palestinian people".<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance_definition">Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Working_Definition_of_Antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Working Definition of Antisemitism">Working Definition of Antisemitism</a></div> In December 2016, Labour adopted the <a href="/wiki/International_Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance" title="International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance">International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance</a> (IHRA) <a href="/wiki/Working_Definition_of_Antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Working Definition of Antisemitism">Working Definition of Antisemitism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SabSep18-5">[5]</a> It was criticised for this in 2017 by <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Labour" title="Jewish Voice for Labour">JVL</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-Philpot-153">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-jewishnews2-154">[150]</a> and in 2018 by writer and scholar of antisemitism <a href="/wiki/Antony_Lerman" title="Antony Lerman">Antony Lerman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerman2018a-155">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerman2018b-156">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revision">Revision</h4></div> In July 2018, Labour's NEC (NEC) adopted a new code of conduct defining antisemitism for disciplinary purposes, intended to make the process more efficient and transparent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELansman2018-157">[153]</a> It included the IHRA definition, but amended or omitted four of the eleven examples, all relating to Israel,<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbcihra-3">[3]</a> and added three others.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlug2018a-4">[4]</a> BDBJ and JLC said that the new rules "only dilute the definition and further erode the existing lack of confidence that British Jews have in their sincerity to tackle anti-Semitism within the Labour movement".<a href="#cite_note-Kentish-160">[156]</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hodge" title="Margaret Hodge">Margaret Hodge</a> called Corbyn a "fucking anti-Semite and a racist."<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> Law lecturer Tom Frost said the code ignored the <a href="/wiki/Macpherson_Principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Macpherson Principle">Macpherson Principle</a> that "A racist incident is any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person."<a href="#cite_note-GuardianJul16-163">[159]</a> On 16 July, over 60 British rabbis said that Labour had "chosen to ignore the Jewish community", and that it was "not Labour's place to rewrite a definition of antisemitism".<a href="#cite_note-guardianrabbis16082018-164">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> Later in July, in an unprecedented move, three UK Jewish newspapers, <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_News" title="Jewish News">Jewish News</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraph" title="Jewish Telegraph">Jewish Telegraph</a>, carried a joint editorial saying that a Corbyn government would be an "existential threat to Jewish life" in the UK,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastle2018-166">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> which <a href="/wiki/David_Patrikarakos" title="David Patrikarakos">David Patrikarakos</a> said was the most drastic step taken by the <a href="/wiki/British_Jews" title="British Jews">Anglo-Jewish community</a> since <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> <a href="/wiki/Resettlement_of_the_Jews_in_England" title="Resettlement of the Jews in England">allowed Jews back into the country in the 1650s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatrikarakos2018-168">[164]</a> Former chief rabbi <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Sacks">Lord Jonathan Sacks</a> in turn stated that Labour's antisemitism was causing British Jews to consider leaving the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton2018-169">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmbury-Dennis2018-170">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defence">Defence</h4></div> Human rights solicitor <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bindman" title="Geoffrey Bindman">Geoffrey Bindman</a> said, "The new code of conduct on antisemitism seeks to establish that antisemitism cannot be used as a pretext for censorship without evidence of antisemitic intent in line with the view of the all-party Commons home affairs select committee in October 2016 that the IHRA definition should only be adopted if qualified by caveats making clear that it is not antisemitic to criticise the Israeli government without additional evidence to suggest antisemitic intent... Far from watering down or weakening it, Labour's code strengthens it by addressing forms of discrimination that the IHRA overlooked."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedleyJanner-KlausnerBindmanRose2018-171">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Robertson" title="Geoffrey Robertson">Geoffrey Robertson</a> QC made a similar point.<a href="#cite_note-thetimes-172">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2018-173">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Klug" title="Brian Klug">Brian Klug</a> said "The IHRA code is a living document, subject to revision and constantly needing to be adapted to the different contexts in which people apply its definition. This is the spirit in which the drafters of Labour's code have approached their task."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlug2018a-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlug2018b-174">[170]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Alderman" title="Geoffrey Alderman">Geoffrey Alderman</a> wrote: "This Labour Party row will not be settled by relying on a flawed and faulty definition of antisemitism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlderman2019c-175">[171]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outcome_and_media_review">Outcome and media review</h4></div> In September, all 11 examples were accepted by the NEC, while Jeremy Corbyn said that they would not prevent criticism of the Israeli government or advocating Palestinian rights.<a href="#cite_note-SabSep18-5">[5]</a> Also in September, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_Reform_Coalition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media Reform Coalition (page does not exist)">Media Reform Coalition</a> examined over 250 articles and broadcast news segments covering the issue, and found over 90 examples of what it considered to be misleading or inaccurate reporting. The research found evidence of "overwhelming source imbalance", in which Labour's critics dominated coverage that failed to include those defending the code or critiquing the IHRA definition, and omitted contextual facts about the IHRA definition, concluding these were "systematic reporting failures" disadvantaging Labour leadership.<a href="#cite_note-MRC-176">[172]</a> In July, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Labour" title="Jewish Voice for Labour">JVL</a> asked its members for help in delivering an "expanded programme" of antisemitism training to party members in response to what it called a "growing number of requests".<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> In 2018, JLM was invited to provide antisemitism awareness training to those subject to disciplinary proceedings but declined as they did not believe training was an appropriate sanction.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August:_Holocaust_remembrance">August: Holocaust remembrance</h3></div> In January 2010, during the UK's <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Memorial_Day_(UK)" title="Holocaust Memorial Day (UK)">Holocaust Memorial week</a>, Corbyn co-chaired a meeting in the House of Commons, with the main talk by anti-Zionist Auschwitz survivor <a href="/wiki/Hajo_Meyer" title="Hajo Meyer">Hajo Meyer</a> entitled, "The Misuse of the Holocaust for Political Purposes", in which Israel was compared to Nazis.<a href="#cite_note-Marsh01082018-179">[175]</a> Meyer said "Judaism in Israel has been substituted by the Holocaust religion, whose high priest is <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a>."<a href="#cite_note-times2010-180">[176]</a> In August, MP <a href="/wiki/Louise_Ellman" title="Louise Ellman">Louise Ellman</a> told the BBC that she was "absolutely appalled" at Corbyn for chairing Meyer's talk.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> When asked about his involvement, Corbyn said, "Views were expressed at the meeting which I do not accept or condone. In the past, in pursuit of justice for the Palestinian people and peace in Israel/Palestine, I have on occasion appeared on platforms with people whose views I completely reject. I apologise for the concerns and anxiety that this has caused".<a href="#cite_note-Marsh01082018-179">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-times2010-180">[176]</a> In January 2011, a motion was submitted to rename <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Memorial_Day_(UK)" title="Holocaust Memorial Day (UK)">Holocaust Memorial Day</a> to "Genocide Memorial Day", supported by 23 MPs, mainly from Labour and including Corbyn. Karen Pollock, chief executive of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Educational_Trust" title="Holocaust Educational Trust">Holocaust Educational Trust</a> said, "Holocaust Memorial Day already rightly includes all victims of the Nazis and subsequent genocides, but the Holocaust was a specific crime, with anti-Semitism at its core. Any attempt to remove that specificity is a form of denial and distortion." Labour responded by saying that "this was a cross-party initiative, jointly sponsored by a senior Conservative MP, to emphasize the already broader character of Holocaust Memorial Day. It is not our policy to seek a name change for this important commemoration".<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2019">2019</h2></div> In February and July 2019, Labour issued information on investigations into complaints of antisemitism against individuals, with around 350 members resigning, being expelled or receiving formal warnings, equating to around 0.06% of the party's membership. In February, nine MPs resigned from the party, citing Labour's leftward political direction and its handling of allegations of antisemitism and of <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> – most of them then formed <a href="/wiki/The_Independent_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Independent Group">The Independent Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-185">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-186">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-187">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peter_Willsman_comments">Peter Willsman comments</h3></div> In May 2019, Labour NEC member <a href="/wiki/Peter_Willsman" title="Peter Willsman">Peter Willsman</a> asserted that the Israeli embassy were "behind all this antisemitism" and were "the ones whipping it all up". He added: "They caught somebody in Labour. It turns out they were an agent in the Israeli Embassy", referring to <a href="/wiki/The_Lobby_(TV_series)" title="The Lobby (TV series)">The Lobby</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training_and_education">Training and education</h3></div> In March, Labour announced that a short course in antisemitism would be developed by the <a href="/wiki/Pears_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Antisemitism" title="Pears Institute for the Study of Antisemitism">Pears Institute for the Study of Antisemitism</a> and that Jewish communal organisations would be consulted. The intention would be to enrol staff, NCC, and NEC members on the course. JLM, which had provided volunteer-led training for the past three years, then withdrew its training provision for branches.<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> In June, Labour peer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Peter Hain</a> and former Israeli negotiator in peace talks Daniel Levy argued that "actually the problem is political, and therefore requires a political not simply a procedural solution".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHainLevy2019-191">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-HainLevy-192">[188]</a> In July 2019, Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Clive_Lewis_(politician)" title="Clive Lewis (politician)">Clive Lewis</a> wrote that: "Expulsions alone will not solve Labour's antisemitism crisis. Political education about antisemitism can help to ensure a socialist politics based on real equality becomes the common sense across the party."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2019-193">[189]</a> In July, Labour appointed Heather Mendick as a liaison officer to improve the party's relationships with the Jewish community.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> JLC chair Jonathan Goldstein objected to the appointment and said that JLC would not be engaging with Mendick.<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> Later in July, Labour issued an online leaflet entitled "No Place For Antisemitism" alongside related documents and videos, as the launch of a programme of educating members on oppression and social liberation, and to help them confront racism and bigotry. This was promoted to all party members by a Corbyn email.<a href="#cite_note-auto8-196">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto6-197">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="John_A._Hobson's_foreword">John A. Hobson's foreword</h4></div> In 2011, Corbyn had written the foreword for a republication of the 1902 book <a href="/wiki/Imperialism:_A_Study" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperialism: A Study">Imperialism: A Study</a>, by <a href="/wiki/John_A._Hobson" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Hobson">John A. Hobson</a>, which contains the assertion that finance was controlled "by men of a single and peculiar race, who have behind them many centuries of financial experience" who "are in a unique position to control the policy of nations". In his foreword, Corbyn called the book a "great tome" and "brilliant, and very controversial at the time". Corbyn was criticised for his words in 2019, after his foreword was reported by Conservative peer <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Finkelstein" title="Daniel Finkelstein">Daniel Finkelstein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian20190501-200">[196]</a> Corbyn responded that the language used to describe minorities in Hobson's work is "absolutely deplorable", but asserted that his foreword analysed "the process which led to the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">first world war</a>" which he saw as the subject of the book and not Hobson's language.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian20190501-200">[196]</a> Hobson was also cited and praised by previous Labour leaders.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> had said in a <a href="/wiki/Chatham_House" title="Chatham House">Chatham House</a> speech: "This idea of liberty as empowerment is not a new idea, J. A. Hobson asked, 'is a man free who has not equal opportunity with his fellows of such access to all material and moral means of personal development and work as shall contribute to his own welfare and that of his society?'"<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> had described Hobson as "probably the most famous Liberal convert to what was then literally '<a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">new Labour</a>'."<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disciplinary_processes,_outcomes_and_staff_claims">Disciplinary processes, outcomes and staff claims</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disciplinary">Disciplinary</h4></div> In April 2018, the new Labour General Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Jennie_Formby" title="Jennie Formby">Jennie Formby</a>, announced that a team of lawyers had been seconded to handle disciplinary cases and that a new post of in-house general counsel would "advise on disciplinary matters and improvements to our processes".<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a> In September 2018, the NEC approved a doubling of the size of the party's key disciplinary body, the NCC, in order to speed the handling of antisemitism claims.<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a> In February 2019, Formby noted that the Governance and Legal Unit had suffered during 2018 from a high level of staff sickness and departures. She said that the unit was now back to full strength and that its size would be more than doubled.<a href="#cite_note-thejc_harpin_20190211-206">[202]</a> Later in the month, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Falconer,_Baron_Falconer_of_Thoroton" title="Charlie Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton">Lord Falconer</a> accepted an invitation to examine Labour's processes in order to increase transparency although this did not take place due to the announcement of the <a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a>'s investigation.<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> Formby asked that a request by <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Deputy Labour Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson_(Labour_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Watson (Labour politician)">Tom Watson</a> to Labour parliamentarians, asking that complaints about antisemitism be copied to him for monitoring, be disregarded on the grounds that this would disrupt the official process and be in breach of data protection law.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> In May, Labour NEC member <a href="/wiki/Jon_Lansman" title="Jon Lansman">Jon Lansman</a> wrote that leaked emails "...suggest that former compliance unit officials from the Labour right may have delayed action on some of the most extreme and high-profile antisemitism cases, including Holocaust denial, allowing a backlog of cases to build up that would damage the party and Jeremy's leadership." He also accused former General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Iain_McNicol" title="Iain McNicol">Iain McNicol</a> and his team of delaying action on handling antisemitism cases, and allowing a backlog of cases to build up that would damage the party and Jeremy Corbyn's leadership.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELansman2019-209">[205]</a> In July 2019, a Labour spokesperson said that the rate at which antisemitism cases had been dealt with had increased fourfold after Formby took her position in May 2018.<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> In August 2019, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Labour" title="Jewish Voice for Labour">JVL</a> said that Labour's processes had greatly improved since April 2018.<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> Later in July, NEC agreed to speed up determination of the most serious cases. This would be accomplished by giving a special panel, composed of the General Secretary and NEC officers, the authority to consider the cases and expel members. The panel would replace the process requiring the cases to be referred to the quasi-judicial NCC. The rule change would be submitted for approval to Labour Conference in September 2019.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> In June 2020, following <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a>'s election as leader, it was reported that "a trusted ally of the Labour leader" had been appointed a "management enforcer" to oversee the management of allegations of antisemitism. According to a party source, "For anyone seeking to stay in their jobs it would not be sensible to disobey the new manager's requests. The manager has also been given the power to step in and make decisions himself about cases."<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disciplinary_outcomes">Disciplinary outcomes</h4></div> In February 2019, Corbyn reiterated, <blockquote>"As leader ... I wish to set out my own commitment along with that of the wider shadow cabinet as the leaders of Labour in parliament to root out antisemitism. I am determined we will defeat racism wherever we see it and I know that antisemitism is one of the oldest, nastiest and most persistent forms of racism."<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a></blockquote> A week later, he said in Parliament, "(Antisemitism has) no place whatsoever in any of our political parties, in our lives, in our society".<a href="#cite_note-auto4-215">[211]</a> Also in February, Formby announced to Labour MPs that, of the complaints about antisemitism received by the party from April 2018 to January 2019, 400 related to individuals who were not party members. In a further 220 cases, Labour had found that there was insufficient evidence of a breach of party rules. Some of the remaining 453 complaints, i.e. those with sufficient evidence of a breach of party rules, related to years-old social media posts. These complaints received over the ten-month period represented 0.06% of Labour's 540,000 membership.<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> Investigations had resulted in 12 expulsions and 49 resignations from the party and 187 formal warnings, while some more recent complaints were still under investigation.<a href="#cite_note-thejc_harpin_20190211-206">[202]</a> Some Labour MPs questioned the data's accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> In July 2019, Corbyn said <blockquote>"While other political parties and some of the media exaggerate and distort the scale of the problem in our party, we must face up to the unsettling truth that a small number of Labour members hold anti-Semitic views and a larger number don't recognise anti-Semitic stereotypes and conspiracy theories. The evidence is clear enough. The worst cases of anti-Semitism in our party have included Holocaust denial, crude Jewish-banker stereotypes, conspiracy theories blaming Israel for 9/11 or every war on the Rothschild family, and even one member who appeared to believe that Hitler had been misunderstood. I am sorry for the hurt that has been caused to many Jewish people. We have been too slow in processing disciplinary cases of mostly online anti-Semitic abuse by party members. We are acting to speed this process up. People who hold anti-Semitic views have no place in Labour. They may be few – the number of cases over the past three years represents less than 0.1% of Labour's membership of more than half a million – but one is too many."<a href="#cite_note-auto8-196">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto6-197">[193]</a></blockquote> In July 2019, Formby provided updated figures regularly publishing statistics. During the first six months of 2019, 625 complaints about members had been received, with some the subject of multiple complaints,<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> and 116 members suspended. A further 658 complaints were received about non-members.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> Of the complaints rest, Labour decided that 100 lacked sufficient evidence and 163 showed no rule breaches, 90 received formal warnings or reminders of conduct and 97 wer referred to the NCC. 146 cases were still in process.<a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> NEC antisemitism panels had met six times and made 190 decisions, compared with two and eight in the same period the previous year. The NCC had concluded 28 cases and made eight expulsions with another twelve members resigning, compared with ten, seven and three in the same period the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> In January 2020, Labour reported that 149 members resigned or were expelled during 2019 as a result of disciplinary processes relating to antisemitism. Of these, 45 members were expelled, compared to ten in 2018 and one in 2017. NEC disciplinary panels heard 274 cases, compared with 28 cases in 2017. 296 members were suspended, compared to 98 in 2018, itself a big increase on the previous year. After the September 2019 annual conference gave NEC panels the power to expel, twice the number of people were expelled in two months than had been expelled during 2018.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Claims_by_former_staff">Claims by former staff</h4></div> In April, Labour's lawyers wrote to its former head of disputes asking what information he had shared with the media and for his commitment to not further breach his <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> In July, an edition of programme <a href="/wiki/Panorama_(TV_programme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panorama (TV programme)">Panorama</a> entitled <a href="/wiki/Panorama_(TV_programme)#Is_Labour_Anti-Semitic?" class="mw-redirect" title="Panorama (TV programme)">"Is Labour Anti-Semitic?"</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/John_Ware_(TV_journalist)" title="John Ware (TV journalist)">John Ware</a>, included a claim by former staff that, in the first half of 2018, senior Labour figures had interfered in the complaints process while new senior officials in their department downgraded outcomes.<a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> Labour denied any interference. Labour added "The Panorama programme was not a fair or balanced investigation. It was a seriously inaccurate, politically one-sided polemic, which breached basic journalistic standards, invented quotes and edited emails to change their meaning."<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> BBC responded that "the investigation was not pre-determined, it was driven by the evidence". Labour later submitted a formal complaint about the programme.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> Staff members represented by the <a href="/wiki/GMB_(trade_union)" title="GMB (trade union)">GMB trade union</a> voted overwhelmingly to call on the Party to be consistent in supporting <a href="/wiki/Whistle-blowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistle-blowers">whistle-blowers</a> wherever they worked and to apologise to their former colleagues.<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignations">Resignations</h3></div> In August 2018, Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Frank_Field_(British_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Field (British politician)">Frank Field</a> resigned as Labour whip over a "culture...of nastiness". He retained his party membership, announcing that he would sit as an "independent Labour MP".<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a> Andrew Grice and others suggested that Field left before he was deselected by his local party, as he had lost a vote of confidence in his constituency over his support for <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> plans in a parliamentary vote.<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> In February, seven MPs quit Labour to form <a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">The Independent Group</a> (latterly <a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a>), citing their dissatisfaction with the party's leftward political direction, its approach to <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> and to allegations of antisemitism. They were later joined by four more MPs, including three from the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> Another MP resigned from Labour to sit as an independent.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-185">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-186">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-187">[183]</a> One of the original seven, Lucinda Berger, said that Labour had become "sickeningly institutionally racist".<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> Four of the MPs had recently lost no-confidence votes,<a href="#cite_note-sky20190220-238">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> while two such motions against Berger had been withdrawn.<a href="#cite_note-sky20190220-238">[234]</a> Following its failure to secure any seats in <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">May 2019 European Parliament election</a>, six of its MPs resigned to sit as independents.<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> In July, three peers, <a href="/wiki/David_Triesman,_Baron_Triesman" title="David Triesman, Baron Triesman">David Triesman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Turnberg,_Baron_Turnberg" title="Leslie Turnberg, Baron Turnberg">Leslie Arnold Turnberg</a>. and <a href="/wiki/Ara_Darzi,_Baron_Darzi_of_Denham" title="Ara Darzi, Baron Darzi of Denham">Ara Darzi</a> resigned to sit as independents, citing dissatisfaction with the party's handling of antisemitism, Brexit, and defence policy.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> In October 2019, MP <a href="/wiki/Louise_Ellman" title="Louise Ellman">Louise Ellman</a> resigned from the party, citing her worries about antisemitism and opposition to a Corbyn-led government.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-185">[181]</a> Labour responded that "Jeremy Corbyn and Labour are fully committed to the support, defence and celebration of the Jewish community and continue to take robust action to root out antisemitism in the party and wider society."<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> Motions of no confidence in Ellman had been submitted for discussion in three branches of her constituency.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Riverside_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool Riverside (UK Parliament constituency)">Riverside constituency Labour party</a> said: "[S]he made it very clear at the last CLP meeting that she could not support a Jeremy Corbyn-led government. This inevitably meant that Louise would be triggered and was very unlikely to win any reselection process."<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_investigations">External investigations</h3></div> In November 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Police_of_the_Metropolis" title="Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis">Metropolitan Police Commissioner</a> <a href="/wiki/Cressida_Dick" title="Cressida Dick">Cressida Dick</a> announced that they had been passed an internal Labour dossier detailing 45 allegations of antisemitic hate crimes committed by Labour members and would review them.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-MastersProbe-248">[244]</a> In May 2019, following complaints submitted by JLM and the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Antisemitism" title="Campaign Against Antisemitism">Campaign Against Antisemitism</a> (CAA), the <a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a> (EHRC) launched a formal investigation into whether Labour had "unlawfully discriminated against, harassed or victimised people because they are Jewish": specifically, whether "unlawful acts have been committed by the party and/or its employees and/or its agents, and; whether the party has responded to complaints of unlawful acts in a lawful, efficient and effective manner."<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> In 2016, Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a> had expressed concern about the suitability of its chair, <a href="/wiki/David_Isaac" title="David Isaac">David Isaac</a>, given his principal role as an equity partner at a City law firm that advises the Conservative government, <a href="/wiki/Pinsent_Masons" title="Pinsent Masons">Pinsent Masons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Miller-250">[246]</a> Previously, in September 2017, EHRC Chief Executive Rebecca Hilsenrath had demanded a zero tolerance approach and swift action to deal with it.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/Antony_Lerman" title="Antony Lerman">Antony Lerman</a>, former founding director of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Jewish_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Jewish Policy Research">Institute for Jewish Policy Research</a>, raised concerns that such a statement made Hilsenrath unsuitable to lead a probe. He wrote, "Prior to investigation, is it not worrying that the CEO already claims to know what Labour needs to do?"<a href="#cite_note-Miller-250">[246]</a> Hilsenrath later recused herself from the decision to investigate Labour as her status as "an active member of the Anglo-Jewish community" could cause a perception of bias.<a href="#cite_note-Miller-250">[246]</a> Labour asked EHRC to communicate any interim recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Labour" title="Jewish Voice for Labour">JVL</a> welcomed the investigation by EHRC. The organisation produced a dossier for EHRC in response to its request for evidence in relation to its investigation. JVL held that without making public the complaints and Labour's response when EHRC shared them ahead of launching the investigation, EHRC had violated the <a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2006" title="Equality Act 2006">Equality Act 2006</a> which requires that they specify investigation targets and "the nature of the unlawful act" they are suspected of committing, both required by its own terms of reference.<a href="#cite_note-middleeasteye-253">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_of_Labour_Party_advocates">Criticism of Labour Party advocates</h3></div> In 2019, those seeking to defend Labour and some members from what they saw as unfair or exaggerated allegations themselves came under attack. MP <a href="/wiki/Chris_Williamson_(politician)" title="Chris Williamson (politician)">Chris Williamson</a> was suspended and investigated after he was recorded saying, "The party that has done more to stand up to racism is now being demonised as a racist, bigoted party. I have got to say I think our party's response has been partly responsible for that because in my opinion... we have backed off too much, we have given too much ground, we have been too apologetic...We've done more to address the scourge of antisemitism than any other political party. And yet we are being traduced".<a href="#cite_note-Bates_2019-254">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-suspended-255">[251]</a> As with Jackie Walker and <a href="/wiki/Labour_Against_the_Witchhunt" title="Labour Against the Witchhunt">Labour Against the Witchhunt</a>, efforts were made to prevent him speaking at events.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> Before the 2019 general election, Labour banned Williamson from standing as a Labour candidate.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> Pro-Corbyn websites, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Canary_(website)" title="The Canary (website)">The Canary</a>, were the target of an advertising boycott campaign by <a href="/wiki/Stop_Funding_Fake_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop Funding Fake News">Stop Funding Fake News</a>, which said that The Canary regularly published "fake news" and attempts to "justify antisemitism" and that two of its writers had made antisemitic comments.<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Jewish_News" title="Jewish News">Jewish News</a>, the campaign had been backed by <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Riley" title="Rachel Riley">Rachel Riley</a>,<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> who campaigns against the party leadership's handling of allegations of antisemitism, while The Canary called the accusations a smear and those behind the campaign "political Zionists".<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> Research by the <a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Trust" title="Community Security Trust">Community Security Trust</a> identified a number of pro-Corbyn and pro-Labour social media accounts that claimed that allegations of antisemitism in the party were "exaggerated, weaponised, invented or blown out of proportion, or that Labour and Corbyn are victims of a smear campaign relating to antisemitism".<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_to_attack_on_rabbi">Response to attack on rabbi</h3></div> After an Israeli rabbi was attacked whilst visiting London in November, Corbyn phoned Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Herschel_Gluck" title="Herschel Gluck">Herschel Gluck</a>, chairperson of Jewish neighbourhood watch organisation <a href="/wiki/Shomrim_(neighborhood_watch_group)" title="Shomrim (neighborhood watch group)">Shomrim</a>, to express his concern for and empathy with the community. He tweeted that "We must stop this scourge of antisemitism". Gluck commented that the community appreciated Corbyn's concern and that Corbyn was the only party leader who called.<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_election">December election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 United Kingdom general election</a></div> During the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a>, Corbyn apologised on ITV's <a href="/wiki/This_Morning_(TV_programme)" title="This Morning (TV programme)">This Morning</a> programme.<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> A few days before, other members of the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jeremy Corbyn">shadow cabinet</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Nia_Griffith" title="Nia Griffith">Nia Griffith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burgon" title="Richard Burgon">Richard Burgon</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">John McDonnell</a>, apologised for antisemitism in their party.<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_Rabbi_Ephraim_Mirvis">Chief Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis</h3></div> In his leader's interview with Corbyn, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Neil" title="Andrew Neil">Andrew Neil</a> dedicated the first 10 minutes of the 30-minute programme entirely to discussion of Labour's relationship with the Jewish community.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> This interview drew attention as Corbyn refused to apologise[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] for antisemitism in Labour, even though he had repeatedly done so before.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> The UK's Chief Rabbi, <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Mirvis" title="Ephraim Mirvis">Ephraim Mirvis</a>, made an unprecedented intervention in politics, warning that antisemitism was a "poison sanctioned from the top" of Labour, and saying that <a href="/wiki/British_Jews" title="British Jews">British Jews</a> were gripped by anxiety about the prospect of a Corbyn-led government.<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Welby" title="Justin Welby">Justin Welby</a>, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Council_of_Britain" title="Muslim Council of Britain">Muslim Council of Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Council_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Council UK">Hindu Council UK</a> partially supported Rabbi Mirvis's intervention.<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="JLM_and_the_2019_general_election">JLM and the 2019 general election</h4></div> Labour's only Jewish affiliate, JLM, said they would not actively campaign for Labour except for exceptional candidates.<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020">2020</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keir_Starmer">Keir Starmer</h3></div> On 4 April, leader Starmer expressed the view that "Antisemitism has been a stain on our party" and apologised to the Jewish community, vowing to fight it.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto9-272">[268]</a> Starmer had previously made eliminating antisemitism in Labour one of his main campaign issues, and said he would take steps to eradicate it "on day one" of his assuming party leadership. He also said he would look to fully cooperate with EHRC's investigation into antisemitism in the party.<a href="#cite_note-auto9-272">[268]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_investigation_into_Labour's_Governance_and_Legal_Unit">Internal investigation into Labour's Governance and Legal Unit</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_work_of_the_Labour_Party%27s_Governance_and_Legal_Unit_in_relation_to_antisemitism,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="The work of the Labour Party's Governance and Legal Unit in relation to antisemitism, 2014–2019">The work of the Labour Party's Governance and Legal Unit in relation to antisemitism, 2014–2019</a></div> The following week, <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> reported that the 860-page antisemitism report would be withheld on advice of counsel.<a href="#cite_note-Rayner-273">[269]</a> The report concluded that "no evidence" had been found that antisemitism complaints were treated any differently than other forms of complaint, or of current or former staff being "motivated by antisemitic intent". The report stated that Corbyn's team inherited a lack of "robust processes, systems, training, education and effective line management" and that hostility towards Corbyn by former senior officials contributed to "a litany of mistakes" that "affected the expeditious and resolute handling of disciplinary complaints", including providing "false and misleading information" to Corbyn's office on the scale and handling of antisemitism allegations. The report urged EHRC to "question the validity of the personal testimonies" of former members of staff.<a href="#cite_note-Rayner-273">[269]</a> Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, which saw the report, stated that it said that staffers associated with Labour's right-wing sought to undermine Corbyn and prevent Labour from winning the 2017 general election in the hope that a poor result would trigger a leadership contest.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> On 23 April, NEC met to set the terms of reference for the independent investigation into the circumstances, contents, and release of an internal report to conclude with its own report to be published by mid-July. Several amendments were passed by the NEC, including one by Rayner that referred to the offer of whistleblower protections.<a href="#cite_note-Rogers2-275">[271]</a> On 1 May, NEC appointed a four-person panel to investigate the report. Martin Forde QC, a barrister was chosen as chair, supported by three Labour peers: Baroness <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wilcox,_Baroness_Wilcox_of_Newport" title="Debbie Wilcox, Baroness Wilcox of Newport">Debbie Wilcox</a>, Lord <a href="/wiki/Larry_Whitty,_Baron_Whitty" title="Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty">Larry Whitty</a>, and Baroness <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Lister,_Baroness_Lister_of_Burtersett" title="Ruth Lister, Baroness Lister of Burtersett">Ruth Lister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rogers3-276">[272]</a> In June, Labour revealed that it had suspended the membership of some party members to protect the integrity of its investigation.<a href="#cite_note-es190620-277">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-ms190620-278">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-novara200620-279">[275]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Novara_Media" title="Novara Media">Novara Media</a>, former party director Emilie Oldknow, who featured prominently in the leaked documents, and Patrick Heneghan, Labour's former executive director for elections, campaigns and organisation were among those suspended.<a href="#cite_note-novara200620-279">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebecca_Long-Bailey">Rebecca Long-Bailey</h3></div> In June 2020, <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Long-Bailey" title="Rebecca Long-Bailey">Rebecca Long-Bailey</a> was asked to resign as <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Education">Shadow Secretary of State for Education</a> by Starmer after she shared a link to an Independent interview actor <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Peake" title="Maxine Peake">Maxine Peake</a> which contained: <blockquote>"The tactics used by the police in America, kneeling on <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a>'s neck, that was learnt from seminars with Israeli secret services."<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a></blockquote> The original article stated that "the Israeli police has denied this".<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> Starmer said that the article should not have been shared by Long-Bailey "as it contained anti-Semitic conspiracy theories".<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> The Independent amended the original article to add a note that "the allegation that US police were taught tactics of 'neck kneeling' by Israeli secret services is unfounded".<a href="#cite_note-Independent250620-284">[280]</a> Peake later stated that she was "inaccurate in [her] assumption of American police training and its sources".<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> The claim had been linked to a report by <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, but Amnesty said that they had never reported that Israeli security forces had taught the technique.<a href="#cite_note-guardian250620-286">[282]</a> The Guardian said a "series of individual MPs condemned the decision" and some did not consider Peake's allegations to be anti-semitic. <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">John McDonnell</a>, shadow chancellor under Corbyn, said that "criticism of practices of [the] Israeli state is not anti-semitic". He did not believe that Long-Bailey should have been sacked and stood with her.<a href="#cite_note-Independent250620-284">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian250620-286">[282]</a> NEC member <a href="/wiki/Jon_Lansman" title="Jon Lansman">Jon Lansman</a> said: "I don't believe there is anything antisemitic in the [Maxine Peake] interview and sacking Rebecca is a reckless overreaction by Keir Starmer."<a href="#cite_note-Honeycombe-Foster_2020-287">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steve_Reed">Steve Reed</h3></div> In July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Reed_(politician)" title="Steve Reed (politician)">Steve Reed</a> used Twitter to suggest that Conservative Party donor <a href="/wiki/Richard_Desmond" title="Richard Desmond">Richard Desmond</a> was "the puppet master to the entire Tory cabinet" in relation to the planning scandal involving Desmond and minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenrick" title="Robert Jenrick">Robert Jenrick</a>. The tweet was criticised as antisemitic for containing a "classic anti-Semitic trope about a Jewish businessman" and Conservative MPs asked Starmer to sack Reed. After Reed deleted the tweet and apologised, no further action was taken against him.<a href="#cite_note-jw070720-288">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-ll060720-289">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath_of_2019_Panorama_programme">Aftermath of 2019 Panorama programme</h3></div> In July 2020 Labour was sued for defamation by seven former members of staff who had appeared in the 2019 BBC <a href="/wiki/Panorama_(British_TV_programme)" title="Panorama (British TV programme)">Panorama</a> programme Is Labour Anti-Semitic? The former staffers said senior Labour Party figures had made statements attacking their reputations and suggesting they had ulterior political and personal motives to undermine the party. When the programme aired, a Labour party spokesperson had called them "disaffected former officials" and said they had "worked actively to undermine" Corbyn and had "both personal and political axes to grind". In response to the lawsuit Starmer agreed to pay damages to the former staff members and issue a formal apology.<a href="#cite_note-guardian150720-290">[286]</a> Corbyn expressed disappointment at Starmer's decision and said that Labour was risking "giving credibility to misleading and inaccurate allegations about action taken to tackle anti-Semitism in Labour in recent years" and that the settlements were a "political decision, not a legal one". In response, the show's presenter <a href="/wiki/John_Ware_(TV_journalist)" title="John Ware (TV journalist)">John Ware</a> sued Corbyn personally.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> A fundraising campaign, set up with an initial target of £20,000 to help Corbyn with legal fees, surpassed £270,000 within days.<a href="#cite_note-ms260720-293">[289]</a> Starmer's decision prompted Labour's largest backer, the trade union <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Len_McCluskey" title="Len McCluskey">Len McCluskey</a>, to review its donations. McCluskey said "It's an abuse of members' money. ... It's as though a huge sign has been put up outside Labour with 'queue here with your writ and get your payment over there' ".<a href="#cite_note-guardian010820-294">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publication_of_EHRC_report_and_Corbyn_suspension">Publication of EHRC report and Corbyn suspension</h3></div> On 29 October 2020, EHRC published their report, stating, "serious failings in Labour leadership in addressing antisemitism and an inadequate process for handling antisemitism complaints".<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> The report found evidence of political interference into complaints of antisemitism, failure to provide training to handle complaints of antisemitism, and harassment, in breach of the <a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2010" title="Equality Act 2010">Equality Act 2010</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> After the publication, Corbyn said his team had "acted to speed up, not hinder the process", and that the scale of antisemitism within Labour had been "dramatically overstated for political reasons". Corbyn was suspended pending investigation from Labour when he refused to retract his remarks.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-suspension-297">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2021–present">2021–present</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exclusion_of_alleged_far-left_factions">Exclusion of alleged far-left factions</h3></div> In July, <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">NEC</a> voted to ban four factions that they described as on the <a href="/wiki/Far-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-left">far-left</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Resist_(Chris_Williamson)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resist (Chris Williamson)">Resist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labour_Against_the_Witchhunt" title="Labour Against the Witchhunt">Labour Against the Witchhunt</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labour_in_Exile_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labour in Exile Network (page does not exist)">Labour in Exile Network</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Socialist Appeal</a>, on the grounds that "these organisations are not compatible with Labour's rules or our aims and values". These factions had been accused of obstructing efforts to combat antisemitism. The party committee ruled that belonging to these factions was grounds for expulsion; that future complaints would be handled by an independent appeal body; and that all prospective Labour candidates would be trained by JLM.<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> While JLM welcomed the announcement; the bans were condemned by <a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite the Union</a> for targeting left-wing elements and worsening internal tensions.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forde_Report">Forde Report</h3></div> The long-awaited Forde Report, written by lawyer Martin Forde in response to the dossier leaked in April 2020. <a href="/wiki/The_work_of_the_Labour_Party%27s_Governance_and_Legal_Unit_in_relation_to_antisemitism,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="The work of the Labour Party's Governance and Legal Unit in relation to antisemitism, 2014–2019">The work of Labour's Governance and Legal Unit in relation to antisemitism, 2014–2019</a>), was ultimately released on 19 July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-forderep-20220719-301">[297]</a> It reported that antisemitism had been used as a factional weapon. The report said: "[R]ather than confront the paramount need to deal with the profoundly serious issue of anti-Semitism in the party, both factions treated it as a factional weapon."<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> It showed how senior Labour staff displayed "deplorably factional and insensitive, and at times discriminatory, attitudes" towards Corbyn and his supporters,<a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a> and revealed a "hierarchy of racism" in the party that ignored Black and Asian people.<a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel–Hamas_war">Israel–Hamas war</h3></div> Labour under Starmer suspended parliamentary candidates and MPs, including <a href="/wiki/Graham_Jones_(politician)" title="Graham Jones (politician)">Graham Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_McDonald_(politician)" title="Andy McDonald (politician)">Andy McDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azhar_Ali_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azhar Ali (politician)">Azhar Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kate_Osamor" title="Kate Osamor">Kate Osamor</a>, for their alleged anti-Semitic comments during the <a href="/wiki/Israel-Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Hamas war">Israel-Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> Jones said that Britons who had gone to Israel to fight for the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> "should be locked up".<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a> Osamor wrote of an "international duty" to remember the victims of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> and that "more recent genocides in <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnia</a> and now <a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_2023_Israeli_attack_on_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza">Gaza</a>" should be remembered.<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> In August 2024, Jewish members of Labour sent a letter to Starmer, accusing him and his party of actions worsening antisemitism.<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statements_of_support">Statements of support</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_movement">Labour movement</h3></div> In September 2017, general secretary of <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite the Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Len_McCluskey" title="Len McCluskey">Len McCluskey</a> said that the row "was created by people who were trying to undermine Jeremy Corbyn".<a href="#cite_note-McCluskey-313">[309]</a> He stated that he had never heard antisemitic language at a party meeting, adding "Unfortunately at the time there were lots of people playing games, everybody wanted to create this image that Jeremy Corbyn's leadership had become misogynist, had become racist, had become anti-Semitic and it was wrong."<a href="#cite_note-McCluskey-313">[309]</a> In December 2017, <a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Jon_Lansman" title="Jon Lansman">Jon Lansman</a> identified three forms of antisemitism: petty xenophobic remarks, of which he "[doesn't] think there's much" in the Party; old-school <a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">blood libel</a> type antisemitism, which, according to Lansman, is "extremely rare"; and the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, whereby, Lansman says, "we all understand that when that conflict heats up, it results in dreadful antisemitism."<a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> In June 2019, Labour peer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Peter Hain</a> and former Israeli negotiator in peace talks Daniel Levy said that the effect of Labour's stance on antisemitism had been "to empower apologists for totally unacceptable Israeli government attacks on Palestinians and the steady throttling of their rights – allowing those apologists to scale new heights in their dishonest attempts to label criticism of such Israeli policy as 'antisemitic'".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHainLevy2019-191">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-HainLevy-192">[188]</a> In August 2019, former Deputy Leader and Shadow Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Lord Hattersley</a> said that he believed that Labour had "managed to expunge the party" of antisemitism.<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_activists_and_organisations">Jewish activists and organisations</h3></div> Some left-wing Jewish groups disputed the antisemitism claims. These include <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Labour" title="Jewish Voice for Labour">JVL</a>,<a href="#cite_note-jewishvoiceforlabour-316">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-MansonLevy-317">[313]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jews_for_Justice_for_Palestinians" title="Jews for Justice for Palestinians">Jews for Justice for Palestinians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-jfjfp1-318">[314]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Socialists%27_Group" title="Jewish Socialists' Group">Jewish Socialists' Group</a>,<a href="#cite_note-jewishsocialist2-319">[315]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewdas" title="Jewdas">Jewdas</a><a href="#cite_note-jewdas-320">[316]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_Jewish_Voices" title="Independent Jewish Voices">Independent Jewish Voices</a>;<a href="#cite_note-ijv-321">[317]</a> all of whom agreed that accusations of antisemitism against Labour had a twofold purpose: firstly, to conflate antisemitism with criticism of Israel in order to deter such criticism and, secondly, to undermine Labour leadership.<a href="#cite_note-Bock-322">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chacko-323">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cowles-324">[320]</a> In August 2015, dozens of Jewish activists signed an open letter criticising <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a> for what they viewed as its "<a href="/wiki/Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">character assassination</a>" of Corbyn. Signatories to the letter included <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Dreyfus" title="Laurence Dreyfus">Laurence Dreyfus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selma_James" title="Selma James">Selma James</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Margolyes" title="Miriam Margolyes">Miriam Margolyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosen" title="Michael Rosen">Michael Rosen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thejc1-325">[321]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] In April 2016, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Kuper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Kuper (page does not exist)">Richard Kuper</a>, spokesperson for <a href="/wiki/Jews_for_Justice_for_Palestinians" title="Jews for Justice for Palestinians">Jews for Justice for Palestinians</a>, said that, while "there is some antisemitism in and around Labour – as there is in the wider society in Britain", "there is clearly also a coordinated, willed and malign campaign to exaggerate the nature and extent of antisemitism as a stick to beat Labour".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite2016-326">[322]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] In April 2016, the Jewish Socialists' Group said that antisemitism accusations were being "weaponized" in order to "attack the Jeremy Corbyn-led Labour party". It added "A very small number of such cases seem to be real instances of antisemitism. Others represent genuine <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Israeli_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of the Israeli government">criticism of Israeli policy</a> and support for <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Palestinian rights</a>".<a href="#cite_note-jewishsocialist1-327">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a> Later that month, 82 "Jewish members and supporters of Labour and of Jeremy Corbyn's leadership" wrote an open letter stating that they "do not accept that antisemitism is 'rife' in Labour" and that "these accusations are part of a wider campaign against the Labour leadership, and they have been timed particularly to do damage to Labour and its prospects."<a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-329">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-israelnationalnews-330">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jewishnewsletter-331">[327]</a> Signatories included <a href="/wiki/Miriam_David" title="Miriam David">Miriam David</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Dembina" title="Ivor Dembina">Ivor Dembina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Deutsch" title="Stephen Deutsch">Stephen Deutsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selma_James" title="Selma James">Selma James</a>, Miriam Margolyes, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Shaar_Murray" title="Charles Shaar Murray">Charles Shaar Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Saville" title="Ian Saville">Ian Saville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Segal" title="Lynne Segal">Lynne Segal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-329">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-JCletter-332">[328]</a> In December 2017, <a href="/wiki/Jewdas" title="Jewdas">Jewdas</a> suggested that the allegations are aimed at discrediting the party<a href="#cite_note-standardjewdas-92">[88]</a> and called the reaction to them a "bout of faux-outrage greased with hypocrisy and opportunism".<a href="#cite_note-haaretz-333">[329]</a> In February 2019, over 200 Jewish members and supporters of Labour signed a letter published in The Guardian, calling the party "a crucial ally in the fight against bigotry and reaction" and Corbyn's campaigning consistently in support for "initiatives against antisemitism". They felt that the "disproportionate focus on antisemitism on the left, which is abhorrent but relatively rare." The signatories included <a href="/wiki/David_B._A._Epstein" title="David B. A. Epstein">David Epstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a>, Michael Rosen, <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Slovo" title="Gillian Slovo">Gillian Slovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annabelle_Sreberny" title="Annabelle Sreberny">Annabelle Sreberny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wolfgang" title="Walter Wolfgang">Walter Wolfgang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Buckman" title="Peter Buckman">Peter Buckman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erica_Burman" title="Erica Burman">Erica Burman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Burstein" title="Keith Burstein">Keith Burstein</a>, Miriam David, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ellman" title="Michael Ellman">Michael Ellman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Foster" title="Nick Foster">Nick Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Himmelweit" title="Susan Himmelweit">Susan Himmelweit</a>, Selma James, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Jungman" title="Ann Jungman">Ann Jungman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Land" title="Frank Land">Frank Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gillian_McCall" title="Gillian McCall">Gillian McCall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Pearson" title="Helen Pearson">Helen Pearson</a> and Ian Saville.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian4-334">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-335">[331]</a> In July 2019, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Feinstein" title="Andrew Feinstein">Andrew Feinstein</a>, anti-corruption campaigner and executive director of <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Watch_(South_Africa)" title="Corruption Watch (South Africa)">Corruption Watch</a> said, "Only a very small percentage of Labour members hold anti-semitic views and a YouGov poll in 2015 found Labour displayed the second least amount of any political party, second only to the Liberal Democrats. In 2017, two years into Jeremy Corbyn's leadership, the extent of anti-semitism in Labour had actually dropped, according to polling."<a href="#cite_note-Miller-250">[246]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] In November 2019, <a href="/wiki/John_Bercow" title="John Bercow">John Bercow</a>, the Jewish former <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a> and Conservative (and later Labour, until his suspension) MP, said he had never experienced antisemitism from a Labour Party member and after knowing Corbyn for 22 years did not believe he was antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a> In November 2019, 14 British Jews signed a letter published in The Guardian describing allegation of antisemitism as "a political siege of Labour". Signatories included <a href="/wiki/Antony_Lerman" title="Antony Lerman">Antony Lerman</a>, Lynne Segal, <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Rose" title="Jacqueline Rose">Jacqueline Rose</a>, Miriam David, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Klug" title="Brian Klug">Brian Klug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rosenhead" title="Jonathan Rosenhead">Jonathan Rosenhead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Segal" title="Graeme Segal">Graeme Segal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sedley" title="Stephen Sedley">Stephen Sedley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian5-337">[333]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics_and_researchers">Academics and researchers</h3></div> In April 2016, independent researcher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Stern-Weiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamie Stern-Weiner (page does not exist)">Jamie Stern-Weiner</a>'s review found that some treated comments about "Zionists" as being the same as Holocaust denial and comments about antisemitic conspiracy theories.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeymour2018a-67">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern-Weiner-338">[334]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] In May 2016, Israeli historian and Oxford University Professor of International Relations <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a> argued that "charges of Jew-hatred are being deliberately manipulated to serve a pro-Zionist agenda."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeymour2018a-67">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShlaimDaniel2016-339">[335]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] In January 2017, <a href="/wiki/John_Newsinger" title="John Newsinger">John Newsinger</a> wrote, "There has been a sustained attempt made to discredit the Corbynites by alleging that they are somehow responsible for Labour having a serious problem with anti-Semitism, that the Labour left and the left outside Labour is, in fact, anti-Semitic... the allegations are politically motivated smears, perpetrated by people completely without shame, and... they do considerable damage to the real fight against anti-Semitism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewsinger2017-340">[336]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] In April 2018, 42 senior academics condemned anti-Corbyn bias and suggested that "Dominant sections of the media have framed the story in such a way as to suggest that antisemitism is a problem mostly to do with Labour and that Corbyn is personally responsible for failing to deal with it. The coverage has relied on a handful of sources such as Board of Deputies of British Jews, Jewish Leadership Council and well-known political opponents of Corbyn himself." Signatories included <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Segal" title="Lynne Segal">Lynne Segal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annabelle_Sreberny" title="Annabelle Sreberny">Annabelle Sreberny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beverley_Skeggs" title="Beverley Skeggs">Beverley Skeggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Hall_(academic)" title="Gary Hall (academic)">Gary Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neve_Gordon" title="Neve Gordon">Neve Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gallagher" title="Margaret Gallagher">Margaret Gallagher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_X" title="Maria X">Maria Chatzichristodoulou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jill_Daniels" title="Jill Daniels">Jill Daniels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Catlow" title="Ruth Catlow">Ruth Catlow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian2-341">[337]</a> One of the signatories, Jane Dipple of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Winchester" title="University of Winchester">University of Winchester</a>, was herself investigated by her university and Labour over allegedly antisemitic posts on Facebook. In August 2018 the university said that Dipple no longer worked there.<a href="#cite_note-342">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[339]</a> Later that April, Israeli historian and political scientist <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a> stated that "Corbyn is not an anti-Semite and Labour, until his election, was a pro-Israeli bastion..." and "there is anti-Semitism among all British parties – and much more on the right than on the left."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPappé2018-344">[340]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] In July 2018, philosopher and scholar of antisemitism <a href="/wiki/Brian_Klug" title="Brian Klug">Brian Klug</a> wrote: "It's paradoxical if, at the moment Labour wakes up to the necessity of combating antisemitism in its ranks, it is shouted down because of its failure to deal with it in the past."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlug2018b-174">[170]</a> In October, he wrote: "It appears that two different objectives are being conflated by Jewish leadership: confronting antisemitism and toppling Corbyn."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlug2018c-345">[341]</a> In March 2019, <a href="/wiki/Neve_Gordon" title="Neve Gordon">Neve Gordon</a>, Professor of Politics and Government at <a href="/wiki/Ben-Gurion_University_of_the_Negev" title="Ben-Gurion University of the Negev">Ben-Gurion University of the Negev</a>, wrote: "the real point of contention ... is not about whether the party should tolerate anti-Semitism, but about what anti-Semitism is."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2019-346">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-qmul-347">[343]</a> In April 2019, historian and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">University of Buckingham</a> Professor of Politics <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Alderman" title="Geoffrey Alderman">Geoffrey Alderman</a> wrote in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraph" title="Jewish Telegraph">Jewish Telegraph</a> that Jeremy Corbyn "has an impressive demonstrable record of supporting Jewish communal initiatives".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlderman2019a-348">[344]</a> In May, he wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a> that "I will agree that from time to time, as backbench MP and party leader, Corbyn has acted unwisely. But the grounds for labelling him an anti-Semite simply do not exist."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlderman2019b-349">[345]</a> In October 2019, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Philo" title="Greg Philo">Greg Philo</a>, lead author of Bad News for Labour: Antisemitism, the Party and Public Belief remarked in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a> magazine that "Both the BBC and even a paper like The Guardian have contributed to public misunderstanding of this issue. They have a moral duty to discuss the new evidence and analysis that we have offered. But both have not covered it. That is a key source of their power — they can impose silence and simply refuse to discuss their own role."<a href="#cite_note-350">[346]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] Palestinian author and academic <a href="/wiki/Ghada_Karmi" title="Ghada Karmi">Ghada Karmi</a> wrote that the book "shows Labour is not 'institutionally racist' but the victim of an orchestrated campaign of unfounded accusations of antisemitism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmi2019-351">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalists_and_authors">Journalists and authors</h3></div> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Seddon" title="Mark Seddon">Mark Seddon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Beckett" title="Francis Beckett">Francis Beckett</a> conclude that "(t)he debate has become toxic. It's all abuse and bullying and point-scoring. It long ago ceased to concentrate on the protection of British Jews on one hand, and the creation of a better and more equal society in Britain on the other."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeddonBeckett2018-352">[348]</a> For <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Picardie" title="Ruth Picardie">Matt Seaton</a> the controversy over Labour's attitudes to Jews and antisemitism is a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_fight" title="Proxy fight">proxy fight</a> whose real conflict is one of a battle for the soul of the party waged between <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democracy">social democrats</a> and traditional anti-imperialist <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaton2018-353">[349]</a> In July 2018, writer and scholar of antisemitism <a href="/wiki/Antony_Lerman" title="Antony Lerman">Antony Lerman</a> wrote: "after the battering Labour has experienced over the issue of antisemitism in the party since Jeremy Corbyn was elected leader and the fact nothing the party has done has succeeded in fully placating its critics... the new code [of conduct] had barely seen the light of day before it was being condemned in the harshest terms by all and sundry."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerman2018a-155">[151]</a> In September, he noted "The default mode of almost all the mainstream media is to take as given that the party is institutionally antisemitic" and "the ever wilder doubling-down on painting Corbyn an antisemite and the increasingly desperate attempts to oust him from the leadership using hatred of Jews as a weapon with which to achieve this."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerman2018b-156">[152]</a> Writer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Seymour_(21st-century_writer)" title="Richard Seymour (21st-century writer)">Richard Seymour</a> wrote on his <a href="/wiki/Patreon" title="Patreon">Patreon</a> blog in 2018 that "...allegations that Labour is institutionally antisemitic, or that Corbyn himself is a racist, cut against, rather than with, the grain of what people already suspect to be true. Those who dislike Corbyn overwhelmingly think he's a politically correct peacenik, not a Jew-hater."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeymour2018b-354">[350]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party#undue" title="Talk:Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">discuss</a>] In early 2016, American political scientist <a href="/wiki/Norman_Finkelstein" title="Norman Finkelstein">Norman Finkelstein</a> said, "The only plausible answer is, it's political. It has nothing whatsoever to do with the factual situation; instead, a few suspect cases of antisemitism – some real, some contrived – are being exploited for an ulterior political motive. As one senior Labour MP said the other day, it's transparently a smear campaign."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStern-WeinerFinkelstein2016-355">[351]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] In August 2018, Finkelstein called the criticism of Corbyn and Labour 'insane' and 'hysteria' and led by powerful interests.<a href="#cite_note-356">[352]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surveys_and_studies">Surveys and studies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_population">General population</h3></div> In 2015, 2016 and 2017, CAA commissioned <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> to survey British attitudes towards Jews.<a href="#cite_note-CAAsurvey17-357">[353]</a> The 2017 survey found that supporters of Labour were less likely to hold antisemitic views than those of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> or the <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> (UKIP), while those of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> were the least likely to hold such views. 32% of Labour supporters endorsed at least one "antisemitic attitude", as defined by the CAA, compared to 30% for the Liberal Democrat, 39% for UKIP supporters, and 40% for Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-CAAsurvey17-357">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beware-358">[354]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_antisemitic_attitudes_by_political_position_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/UK_antisemitic_attitudes_by_political_position_2017.png/220px-UK_antisemitic_attitudes_by_political_position_2017.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/UK_antisemitic_attitudes_by_political_position_2017.png/330px-UK_antisemitic_attitudes_by_political_position_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/UK_antisemitic_attitudes_by_political_position_2017.png/440px-UK_antisemitic_attitudes_by_political_position_2017.png 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption>Anti-Semitic attitudes among the UK population by political position according to the 2017 JPR survey. Those on the left and centre have roughly average levels of anti-Semitism by the standards of the wider British public. Anti-Semitic attitudes are slightly more common among the most left wing responders but significantly less than those on the furthest right</figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/Populus_Ltd" title="Populus Ltd">Populus</a> poll during August 2018 found the wider British public did not pay much attention to the news coverage over antisemitism in Labour. Fewer than 5% rated it as the news story they had noticed most.<a href="#cite_note-359">[355]</a> A study into contemporary antisemitism in Britain by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Jewish_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Jewish Policy Research">Institute for Jewish Policy Research</a> (JPR) in September 2017 reported, "Levels of antisemitism among those on the left-wing of the political spectrum, including the far-left, are indistinguishable from those found in the general population. Yet, all parts of those on the left of the political spectrum – including the 'slightly left-of-centre,' the 'fairly left-wing' and the 'very left-wing' – exhibit higher levels of anti Israelism than average." It went on, "The most antisemitic group on the political spectrum consists of those who identify as very right-wing: the presence of antisemitic attitudes in this group is 2 to 4 times higher compared to the general population."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaetsky20175–8-360">[356]</a> It continued: "However, in relation to anti-Israel attitudes, the very left-wing lead: 78% (75–82%) in this group endorse at least one anti-Israel attitude, in contrast to 56% in the general population, and 23% (19–26%) hold 6–9 such attitudes, in contrast to 9% in the general population. Elevated levels of anti-Israel attitudes are also observed in other groups on the political left: the fairly left-wing and those slightly left-of-centre. The lowest level of anti-Israel attitudes is observed in the political centre and among those who are slightly right-of-centre or fairly right-wing." The report, however, stated, "...anti-Israel attitudes are not, as a general rule, antisemitic; but the stronger a person's anti-Israel views, the more likely they are to hold antisemitic attitudes. A majority of those who hold anti-Israel attitudes do not espouse any antisemitic attitudes, but a significant minority of those who hold anti-Israel attitudes hold them alongside antisemitic attitudes. Therefore, antisemitism and anti-Israel attitudes exist both separately and together."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaetsky201744-361">[357]</a> The study reported that in "surveys of attitudes towards ethnic and religious minorities... The most consistently found pattern across different surveys is heightened animosity towards Jews on the political right..." and that "The political left, captured by voting intention or actual voting for Labour, appears in these surveys as a more Jewish-friendly, or neutral, segment of the population."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaetsky201742-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Jews">British Jews</h3></div> In 2017, a poll commissioned by CAA of 1,864 British Jewish adults<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodkin2017-362">[358]</a> found that 83% (in 2016, 87%) felt that Labour was too tolerant of antisemitism among its MPs, members, or supporters.<a href="#cite_note-CAS2017-363">[359]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Survation" title="Survation">Survation</a> poll by The Jewish Chronicle prior to the 2017 general election found that 13% of Jews intended to vote for Labour, an increase from the 8.5% in May 2016. When asked to rank the degree of "antisemitism among the political party's members and elected representatives" between 1 (low) to 5 (high), Jews ranked Labour at 3.94, compared with 3.64 for UKIP, 2.7 for the Liberal Democrats, and 1.96 for the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-JCMay2017-364">[360]</a> In September 2018, a <a href="/wiki/Survation" title="Survation">Survation</a> survey conducted for The Jewish Chronicle found that 85.9% of British Jews considered Jeremy Corbyn antisemitic, and 85.6% considered Labour to have "high" or "very high" levels of antisemitism within the party's members and elected representatives. This compares to 1.7% and 6.1% for Theresa May and the Conservative Party respectively. This was an increase from 69% who considered the party to have "high" or "very high" levels of antisemitism in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESugarman2018-365">[361]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_Party_members">Labour Party members</h3></div> In May 2016, a <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> poll found that 49% of Labour members felt that the party did not have a problem with antisemitism, 47% agreed that it was a problem, but "no worse than in other parties, while 5% thought that antisemitism is a bigger problem in Labour than in other parties.<a href="#cite_note-366">[362]</a> In March 2018, a poll showed 77% of Labour members believed the charges of antisemitism to be deliberately exaggerated to undermine the leader or stop criticism of Israel, while 19% said it was a serious issue.<a href="#cite_note-367">[363]</a> A July 2019 poll by YouGov amongst Labour Party members found that 70% of members thought that antisemitism in the party was a "genuine" problem.<a href="#cite_note-368">[364]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_British_Conservative_Party" title="Antisemitism in the British Conservative Party">Antisemitism in the British Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_British_Conservative_Party" title="Islamophobia in the British Conservative Party">Islamophobia in the British Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_British_Conservative_Party" title="Racism in the British Conservative Party">Racism in the British Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lobby_(TV_series)" title="The Lobby (TV series)">The Lobby (TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_Party" title="Respect Party">Respect Party</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> "Mr Dalyell's career includes a close alliance with the late <a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Richard Crossman</a>, a passionate Zionist who believed that all gentiles – including himself – are anti-semitic at some level."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite2003-18">[18]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> The British Liberal Party's <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Tonge,_Baroness_Tonge" title="Jenny Tonge, Baroness Tonge">Baroness Tonge</a> had, some years earlier (2006), asserted that 'The pro-Israeli lobby has got its grips on the Western world, its financial grips. I think they've probably got a grip on our party'. Likewise, Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Alan_Duncan" title="Alan Duncan">Sir Alan Duncan</a> in 2014 stated that despite UK rules forbidding political funding from abroad, in his view an exception was made for Israel, and later added that "the United States is in hock to a very powerful financial lobby which dominates its politics."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHavardi201674-17">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> When Howard made an unsuccessful bid in 1997 to become Prime Minister, it was alleged he was the victim of a widespread antisemitic whispering campaign by Conservative backbenchers and members of the constituency workers. In his 2004 comeback he argued for a programme blatantly hostile to immigrants while rebuffing accusations he was racist as impossible, since he himself was the son and grandson of Holocaust survivors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKushner2017267-28">[26]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Kushner argues: 'A closer reading of these images, however, reveals a more nuanced situation. In the case of the two little Jewish pigs, the direct connection to the <a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a> is coincidental: if anything, the images managed to make Howard and Letwin endearing. Yet if the point that the Conservative figures on tax and spending simply did not add up-hence pigs might fly-it was insensitive of the Labour spin doctors not to show some awareness that to connect Jews to pork, the subject of past Christian fascination, crude humour and physical persecution, lacked an element of sensitivity.'<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKushner2017268-32">[29]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeymour2017186-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeymour2017186_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeymour2017">Seymour 2017</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELerman2019a-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerman2019a_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLerman2019a">Lerman 2019a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcihra-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcihra_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcihra_3-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-44863606">"New Labour anti-Semitism code criticised"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openDemocracy&rft.atitle=The+American+Jewish+scholar+behind+Labour%27s+%27antisemitism%27+scandal+breaks+his+silence&rft.date=2016-05-03&rft.aulast=Stern-Weiner&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Finkelstein%2C+Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fuk%2Fjamie-stern-weiner-norman-finkelstein%2Famerican-jewish-scholar-behind-labour-s-antisemitism-scanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugarman2017" class="citation news cs1">Sugarman, Daniel (27 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/making-chakrabarti-a-peer-was-corbyn-s-sign-of-contempt-for-jews-says-howard-jacobson-1.440588">"Making Chakrabarti a peer was Corbyn's sign of contempt for Jews, says Howard Jacobson"</a>. The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 30 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Making+Chakrabarti+a+peer+was+Corbyn%27s+sign+of+contempt+for+Jews%2C+says+Howard+Jacobson&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.aulast=Sugarman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Fmaking-chakrabarti-a-peer-was-corbyn-s-sign-of-contempt-for-jews-says-howard-jacobson-1.440588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugarman2018" class="citation news cs1">Sugarman, Daniel (13 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/more-than-85-per-cent-of-british-jews-think-jeremy-corbyn-is-antisemitic-1.469654">"More than 85 per cent of British Jews think Jeremy Corbyn is antisemitic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=More+than+85+per+cent+of+British+Jews+think+Jeremy+Corbyn+is+antisemitic&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft.aulast=Sugarman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Fmore-than-85-per-cent-of-british-jews-think-jeremy-corbyn-is-antisemitic-1.469654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTempest2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tempest" title="Matthew Tempest">Tempest, Matthew</a> (28 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jan/28/advertising.politics">"Labour denies new election poster is anti-semitic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Labour+denies+new+election+poster+is+anti-semitic&rft.date=2005-01-28&rft.aulast=Tempest&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2005%2Fjan%2F28%2Fadvertising.politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTran2016" class="citation news cs1">Tran, Mark (17 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/feb/17/labour-condemns-antisemitism-oxford-university-labour-club-claims">"Labour opens inquiry into antisemitism allegations at Oxford student club"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 30 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Labour+opens+inquiry+into+antisemitism+allegations+at+Oxford+student+club&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F17%2Flabour-condemns-antisemitism-oxford-university-labour-club-claims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2016" class="citation web cs1">White, Ben (22 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/ben-white/shifty-antisemitism-wars">"Shifty antisemitism wars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OpenDemocracy" title="OpenDemocracy">openDemocracy</a>. Retrieved 14 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openDemocracy&rft.atitle=Shifty+antisemitism+wars&rft.date=2016-04-22&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fcan-europe-make-it%2Fben-white%2Fshifty-antisemitism-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2003" class="citation news cs1">White, Michael (6 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/may/06/race.politics">"Dalyell steps up attack on Levy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dalyell+steps+up+attack+on+Levy&rft.date=2003-05-06&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2003%2Fmay%2F06%2Frace.politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWistrich2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Wistrich" title="Robert S. Wistrich">Wistrich, Robert S.</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yBvt4Fwc5XoC&pg=PA205">From Ambivalence to Betrayal: The Left, the Jews, and Israel</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_system" title="University of Nebraska system">University of Nebraska Press</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vidal_Sassoon_International_Center_for_the_Study_of_Antisemitism" title="Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism">Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-803-24083-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-803-24083-4"><bdi>978-0-803-24083-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Ambivalence+to+Betrayal%3A+The+Left%2C+the+Jews%2C+and+Israel&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press%2FVidal+Sassoon+International+Center+for+the+Study+of+Antisemitism&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-803-24083-4&rft.aulast=Wistrich&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyBvt4Fwc5XoC%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Allington, Daniel. "Judeophobic Antisemitism among British Voters, 2016-2020." Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism 3.2 (2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/135100999/Allington_2020c.pdf">online</a>.</li> <li>Bolton, Matthew. "Conceptual Vandalism, Historical Distortion: The Labour Antisemitism Crisis and the Limits of Class Instrumentalism." Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism 3.2 (2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.academicstudiespress.com/index.php/JCA/article/view/55">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104041307/http://journals.academicstudiespress.com/index.php/JCA/article/view/55">Archived</a> 4 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2019" class="citation book cs1">Ferguson, Rob (2019). Antisemitism: The Far Right, Zionism And The Left. <a href="/wiki/Bookmarks_(magazine)" title="Bookmarks (magazine)">Bookmarks</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-19-1292-600-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-19-1292-600-8"><bdi>978-19-1292-600-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antisemitism%3A+The+Far+Right%2C+Zionism+And+The+Left&rft.pub=Bookmarks&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-19-1292-600-8&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Rob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFineSpencer2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fine" title="Robert Fine">Fine, Robert</a>; Spencer, Philip (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f2MwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT9">Antisemitism and the left: On the return of the Jewish question</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526104984" title="Special:BookSources/9781526104984"><bdi>9781526104984</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antisemitism+and+the+left%3A+On+the+return+of+the+Jewish+question&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781526104984&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Spencer%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df2MwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorny2013" class="citation book cs1">Gorny, Joseph (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CVHdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27">The British Labour Movement and Zionism, 1917–1948</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-16926-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-16926-8"><bdi>978-1-135-16926-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Labour+Movement+and+Zionism%2C+1917%E2%80%931948&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-16926-8&rft.aulast=Gorny&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCVHdAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewish_Voice_for_Peace2018" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishvoiceforpeace.org/first-ever-40-jewish-groups-worldwide-oppose-equating-antisemitism-with-criticism-of-israel/">"First-ever: 40+ Jewish groups worldwide oppose equating antisemitism with criticism of Israel"</a>. Jewish Voice for Peace. 17 July 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Voice+for+Peace&rft.atitle=First-ever%3A+40%2B+Jewish+groups+worldwide+oppose+equating+antisemitism+with+criticism+of+Israel&rft.date=2018-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishvoiceforpeace.org%2Ffirst-ever-40-jewish-groups-worldwide-oppose-equating-antisemitism-with-criticism-of-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhiloBerrySchlosbergLerman2019" class="citation book cs1">Philo, Greg; Berry, Mike; Schlosberg, Justin; Lerman, Antony; Miller, David (September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plutobooks.com/9780745340661/bad-news-for-labour/">Bad News for Labour: Antisemitism, the Party and Public Belief</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pluto_Press" title="Pluto Press">Pluto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bad+News+for+Labour%3A+Antisemitism%2C+the+Party+and+Public+Belief&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2019-09&rft.aulast=Philo&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Berry%2C+Mike&rft.au=Schlosberg%2C+Justin&rft.au=Lerman%2C+Antony&rft.au=Miller%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plutobooks.com%2F9780745340661%2Fbad-news-for-labour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern-Weiner,_Jamie2019" class="citation book cs1">Stern-Weiner, Jamie, ed. (November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204095908/http://v.versobooks.com/Anti-Semitism_and_the_Labour_Party.pdf">Anti-Semitism and the Labour Party</a> (PDF). Verso. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v.versobooks.com/Anti-Semitism_and_the_Labour_Party.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anti-Semitism+and+the+Labour+Party&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2019-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fv.versobooks.com%2FAnti-Semitism_and_the_Labour_Party.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchindler2016" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Shindler" title="Colin Shindler">Schindler, Colin</a> (2016). "From Zionist to Corbynist: The Evolution of Britain's Labour Left". <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarterly" title="Jewish Quarterly">Jewish Quarterly</a>. 63 (2): 38–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0449010X.2016.1202579">10.1080/0449010X.2016.1202579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Quarterly&rft.atitle=From+Zionist+to+Corbynist%3A+The+Evolution+of+Britain%27s+Labour+Left&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=38-41&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0449010X.2016.1202579&rft.aulast=Schindler&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"> Colin Schindler is emeritus professor at the <a href="/wiki/SOAS,_University_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="SOAS, University of London">School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</a>, and the founding chair of the European Association of Israel Studies.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2016" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson_(political_theorist)" title="Alan Johnson (political theorist)">Johnson, Alan</a> (June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bicom.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Prof-Alan-Johnson-Chakrabarti-Inquiry-submission-June-2016.pdf">"Antisemitic anti-Zionism: the root of Labour's crisis"</a> (PDF). Labour Party Inquiry into Antisemitism and Other Forms of Racism. Retrieved 7 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Labour+Party+Inquiry+into+Antisemitism+and+Other+Forms+of+Racism&rft.atitle=Antisemitic+anti-Zionism%3A+the+root+of+Labour%27s+crisis&rft.date=2016-06&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bicom.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F06%2FProf-Alan-Johnson-Chakrabarti-Inquiry-submission-June-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"> Alan Johnson is a British political theorist and activist.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Rich" title="Dave Rich">Rich, Dave</a> (2016). <a href="/wiki/The_Left%27s_Jewish_Problem:_Jeremy_Corbyn,_Israel_and_Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left's Jewish Problem: Jeremy Corbyn, Israel and Anti-Semitism">The Left's Jewish Problem: Jeremy Corbyn, Israel and Anti-Semitism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biteback" class="mw-redirect" title="Biteback">Biteback</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78590-120-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78590-120-1"><bdi>978-1-78590-120-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Left%27s+Jewish+Problem%3A+Jeremy+Corbyn%2C+Israel+and+Anti-Semitism&rft.pub=Biteback&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78590-120-1&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSivanandanFeketeBourne2016" class="citation journal cs1">Sivanandan, Ambalavaner; Fekete, Elizabeth; Bourne, Jenny (30 September 2016). "Submission from the Institute of Race Relations to the Labour Party Inquiry into anti-Semitism and other forms of racism, including Islamophobia". <a href="/wiki/Race_%26_Class" title="Race & Class">Race & Class</a>. 58 (2): 64–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0306396816657724">10.1177/0306396816657724</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152023856">152023856</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Race+%26+Class&rft.atitle=Submission+from+the+Institute+of+Race+Relations+to+the+Labour+Party+Inquiry+into+anti-Semitism+and+other+forms+of+racism%2C+including+Islamophobia&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=64-69&rft.date=2016-09-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0306396816657724&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152023856%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sivanandan&rft.aufirst=Ambalavaner&rft.au=Fekete%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Bourne%2C+Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Ambalavaner_Sivanandan" title="Ambalavaner Sivanandan">Ambalavaner Sivanandan</a> was Director Emeritus of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Race_Relations_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Race Relations (United Kingdom)">Institute of Race Relations</a>; E. Fekete is its director; Jenny Bourne is co-editor of Race & Class.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvoiceforlabour.org.uk/app/uploads/2018/07/OBrien_Comparison-of-IHRA-and-Labour-Party-Definitions-of-Antisemitism.pdf">Comparison of IHRA and Labour Party Definitions of Antisemitism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Labour" title="Jewish Voice for Labour">Jewish Voice for Labour</a>, 21 July 2018</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabbagh2018" class="citation book cs1">Sabbagh, Karl (November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204204343/https://www.skyscraperpublications.com/the-antisemitism-wars">The Antisemitism Wars</a>. Skyscraper. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skyscraperpublications.com/the-antisemitism-wars">the original</a> on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Antisemitism+Wars&rft.pub=Skyscraper&rft.date=2018-11&rft.aulast=Sabbagh&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyscraperpublications.com%2Fthe-antisemitism-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughn2015" class="citation journal cs1">Vaughn, James R. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273313408">"'Mayhew's outcasts': anti-Zionism and the Arab lobby in Harold Wilson's Labour Party"</a>. Israel Affairs. 21: 1–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Affairs&rft.atitle=%27Mayhew%27s+outcasts%27%3A+anti-Zionism+and+the+Arab+lobby+in+Harold+Wilson%27s+Labour+Party&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=1-25&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F273313408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiler2016" class="citation book cs1">Weiler, Peter (2016) [1993]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ydEeDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT195">Ernest Bevin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-19842-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-19842-0"><bdi>978-1-317-19842-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ernest+Bevin&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-19842-0&rft.aulast=Weiler&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DydEeDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntisemitism+in+the+British+Labour+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">History of the Labour Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Electoral history of the Labour Party (UK)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labour_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Labour Party (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party">European Parliamentary Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour_Party_(1888)" title="Scottish Labour Party (1888)">Scottish Labour Party (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(1900)" title="Labour Representation Committee (1900)">Labour Representation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone%E2%80%93MacDonald_pact" title="Gladstone–MacDonald pact">Gladstone–MacDonald pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Organisation" title="National Labour Organisation">National Labour Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Independent_Group" title="Labour Independent Group">Labour Independent Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Democratic_Socialism" title="Campaign for Democratic Socialism">Campaign for Democratic Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)#Creation_of_the_SDP" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Formation of SDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_longest_suicide_note_in_history" title="The longest suicide note in history">The longest suicide note in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony%27s_Cronies" title="Tony's Cronies">Tony's Cronies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Labour" title="One Nation Labour">One Nation Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrabarti_Inquiry" title="Chakrabarti Inquiry">Chakrabarti Inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Deputy Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party">General Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Middleton_(political_organiser)" title="James Middleton (political organiser)">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Phillips" title="Morgan Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(politician)" title="Leonard Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Barker" title="Sara Barker">Barker</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Hayward" title="Ron Hayward">Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mortimer" title="Jim Mortimer">Mortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Whitty,_Baron_Whitty" title="Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty">Whitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sawyer,_Baron_Sawyer" title="Tom Sawyer, Baron Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_McDonagh,_Baroness_McDonagh" title="Margaret McDonagh, Baroness McDonagh">McDonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Triesman,_Baron_Triesman" title="David Triesman, Baron Triesman">Triesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Carter_(politician)" title="Matt Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Watt" title="Peter Watt">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins,_Baron_Collins_of_Highbury" title="Ray Collins, Baron Collins of Highbury">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_McNicol" title="Iain McNicol">McNicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Formby" title="Jennie Formby">Formby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(political_official)" title="David Evans (political official)">Evans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party">Treasurers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lathan" title="George Lathan">Lathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Davies_(trade_unionist)" title="Dai Davies (trade unionist)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Atkinson" title="Norman Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Varley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Booth" title="Albert Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_McCluskie" title="Sam McCluskie">McCluskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Burlison" title="Tom Burlison">Burlison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Prosser,_Baroness_Prosser" title="Margaret Prosser, Baroness Prosser">Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Elsby" title="Jimmy Elsby">Elsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dromey" title="Jack Dromey">Dromey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Holland" title="Diana Holland">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords">Leaders in the Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shepherd,_2nd_Baron_Shepherd" title="Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jay,_Baroness_Jay_of_Paddington" title="Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Williams,_Baron_Williams_of_Mostyn" title="Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dewar" title="Donald Dewar">Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_McLeish" title="Henry McLeish">McLeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_McConnell" title="Jack McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Alexander" title="Wendy Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Lamont" title="Johann Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Murphy" title="Jim Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezia_Dugdale" title="Kezia Dugdale">Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Rowley" title="Alex Rowley">Rowley</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leonard" title="Richard Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party">PLP Chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hodge_(politician)" title="John Hodge (politician)">Hodge</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wardle" title="George Wardle">Wardle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton,_Baron_Houghton_of_Sowerby" title="Douglas Houghton, Baron Houghton of Sowerby">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mikardo" title="Ian Mikardo">Mikardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Willey" title="Fred Willey">Willey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dormand" title="Jack Dormand">Dormand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Orme" title="Stan Orme">Orme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Hoyle" title="Doug Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Soley" title="Clive Soley">Soley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corston,_Baroness_Corston" title="Jean Corston, Baroness Corston">Corston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Clwyd" title="Ann Clwyd">Clwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lloyd" title="Tony Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Watts,_Baron_Watts" title="David Watts, Baron Watts">Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cryer" title="John Cryer">Cryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Morden" title="Jessica Morden">Morden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party">EPLP Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Castle" title="Barbara Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Lomas" title="Alf Lomas">Lomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Martin_(Scottish_politician)" title="David Martin (Scottish politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Seal_(politician)" title="Barry Seal (politician)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyn_Ford" title="Glyn Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_David" title="Wayne David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Donnelly" title="Alan Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Murphy_(British_politician)" title="Simon Murphy (British politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Titley" title="Gary Titley">Titley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenis_Willmott" title="Glenis Willmott">Willmott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div>* = wartime, in opposition ^ Interim/Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Internal_elections_and_selections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Internal elections and selections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1922_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1922 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1922</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1931 Labour Party leadership election">1931</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1932 Labour Party leadership election">1932</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1935 Labour Party leadership election">1935</a> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1955 Labour Party leadership election">1955</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party leadership election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1963 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1963</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1980 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2007 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2010</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Deputy Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1952 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1952</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1953 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1956</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Jim Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1959 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1959</a> <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1960</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1962 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1970 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1970</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1971 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1972 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1980 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1981 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1983 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1988 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2007 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2015 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Tom Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Shadow Cabinet elections and reshuffles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=September_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Sep 1931 (Henderson)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Nov 1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1932 (Lansbury)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1935 (Attlee)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1951 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1952 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1953 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1954 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1955 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1956 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1956 (Gaitskell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1957 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1959 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1960 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1961 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1962 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1963 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1963 (Wilson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1970 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1971 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1972 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1973 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1979 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1979 (Callaghan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1980 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1980 (Foot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1981 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1982 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1983 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1983 (Kinnock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1984 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1985 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1986 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1987 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1988 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1989 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1990 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1991 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1992 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1992 (Smith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1993 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1994 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1994 (Blair)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1995 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1996 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="2010 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">2010 (Miliband)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_shadow_cabinet_resignations" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 United Kingdom shadow cabinet resignations">June 2016 (Corbyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="May 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">May 2021 (Starmer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="November 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">November 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="2023 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_structure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clause_IV" title="Clause IV">Clause IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party">Treasurer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party">Parliamentary Labour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Labour Party">Chief Whip of the Labour Party</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Conference" title="Labour Party Conference">Labour Party Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Subnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Labour Party in Northern Ireland">Labour Party in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Directly elected city mayoral authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour" title="London Labour">London Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">CLPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">Constituency Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Forum" title="National Policy Forum">National Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)_affiliated_trade_union" title="Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union">Affiliated trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_and_Labour_Party_Liaison_Organisation" title="Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation">Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour and Co-operative">Labour Co-operative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_%E2%80%93_Federation_of_Labour_Groups" title="Labour – Federation of Labour Groups">Labour – Federation of Labour Groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associated organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">List</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_associated_with_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="List of organisations associated with the Labour Party (UK)">Organisations associated with the Labour Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Sectional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Labour_(UK)" title="Young Labour (UK)">Young Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Labour" title="LGBT+ Labour">LGBT+ Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Trans_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Campaign for Trans Rights">Labour Campaign for Trans Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Students" title="Labour Students">Labour Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAME_Labour" title="BAME Labour">BAME Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Labour" title="Disability Labour">Disability Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Factional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Labour_Party_Democracy" title="Campaign for Labour Party Democracy">Campaign for Labour Party Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians_on_the_Left" title="Christians on the Left">Christians on the Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_(think_tank)" title="Compass (think tank)">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Fabians" title="Young Fabians">Young Fabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Britain_Group" title="Future Britain Group">Future Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Left_Grassroots_Alliance" title="Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance">Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Movement" title="Jewish Labour Movement">Jewish Labour Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Electoral_Reform" title="Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform">Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_CND" title="Labour CND">Labour CND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Israel" title="Labour Friends of Israel">Labour Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Palestine_and_the_Middle_East" title="Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East">Labour Friends of Palestine & the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Growth_Group" title="Labour Growth Group">Labour Growth Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Irish_Society" title="Labour Party Irish Society">Labour Party Irish Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(2004)" title="Labour Representation Committee (2004)">Labour Representation Committee (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Women%27s_Network" title="Labour Women's Network">Labour Women's Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Labour" title="Open Labour">Open Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Labour_and_Socialist_Clubs" title="National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs">National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Britain" title="Progressive Britain">Progressive Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a> Formerly Socialist Appeal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Health_Association" title="Socialist Health Association">Socialist Health Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Educational_Association" title="Socialist Educational Association">Socialist Educational Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Environment_and_Resources_Association" title="Socialist Environment and Resources Association">Socialist Environment and Resources Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Campaign_Group" title="Socialist Campaign Group">Socialist Campaign Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">Socialist Youth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_society_(Labour_Party)" title="Socialist society (Labour Party)">Socialist societies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Media publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LabourList" title="LabourList">LabourList</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_alliances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party alliances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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[\"CITEREFBurleigh2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasalicchio2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCastle2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChacko2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChappell2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChesterton2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClothier\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowburn2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowles2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrerar2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDallison2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDearden,_Lizzie2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeborah_E._Lipstadt2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelaney2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemianyk2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoward2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDysch2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDysch2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEaton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwardsIsaby2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElgot2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElgot2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElgot2018\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFElgot2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElgotStewart2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElgotStewartO\u0026#039;Carroll2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElgotWalker2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElliott2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmbury-Dennis2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerguson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFineSpencer2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinkelstein2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFisherFordCurticeEnglish2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForrester2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreytas-Tamura2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrot2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlazeBartlett2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGorny2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrice\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHainLevy2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarpin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarpin2018\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFHarpin2019\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFHarpin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHavardi2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHernon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirsh2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoneycombe-Foster2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHope2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHosken2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJSchindler_örg2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobsonMontefioreSchama2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJewish_Voice_for_Peace2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonesHelmSylvester2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJosephs2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJudah,_Ben2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJuddSurridge2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarmi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKate_Forrester2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelemen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKentish2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKentishKhan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerbajPogrundUngoed‑ThomasShipman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirk2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlaff\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlug2018a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlug2018b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlug2018c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKogan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKolpinskaya2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKushner2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLansman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLansman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLansman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee,_Georgina2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerman2018a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerman2018b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerman2019a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLipstadt2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacAskill2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacAskill2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaguire2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaguire2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMansonLevy2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasonElgot2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasters2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCann2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGee2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendel2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendick2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerrick2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMortimer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoses2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewsinger2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;CarrollTempest2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPappé2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatrikarakos2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerry2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeyer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPfeffer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhiloBerrySchlosbergLerman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhilpot2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollard2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrince2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinnElgotQuinn2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRawlinsonCrerar2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRayner2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRich2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRich2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodgers2019\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFRodgers2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSabbagh2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSabin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSam_Sokol2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanz2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchindler2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchindler_Jörg2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchofield2019\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFScott2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSean_Morrison2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeaton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeddonBeckett2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSedleyJanner-KlausnerBindmanRose2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeymour2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeymour2018a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeymour2018b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShalev2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherwood2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShlaimDaniel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSivanandanFeketeBourne2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSparrow2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSparrow2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaetsky2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern-Weiner,_Jamie2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern-Weiner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern-WeinerFinkelstein2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStewartSparrow2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSugarman,_Daniel2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSugarman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSugarman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSugarman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSurkes2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTempest2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorpe2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimothy2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTobin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTobitt2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTran2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTryhorn2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaughn2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaugh2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeaver2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeich2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiler2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelch2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWheeler2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWistrich2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodcock2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright,_Oliver2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZeffman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZeffman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZeffmanBridge2018\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Antisemitism\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 26,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 219,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 90,\n [\"Clarification needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 10,\n [\"Labour Party (UK)\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"Primary inline\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 86,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 6,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Undue inline\"] = 9,\n [\"Undue weight inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Update\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 8,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","12.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","9.9"],["?","160","8.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","8.8"],["dataWrapper 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