CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en"><head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>  <meta name="description" content=""/> <meta name="author" content="United Nations"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="/en/node/177591" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-PSXRXB3M0B'); gtag('config', 'G-PSXRXB3M0B'); </script> <title>Food and Climate Change: Healthy diets for a healthier planet | United Nations</title> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Food and Climate Change: Healthy diets for a healthier planet | United Nations"> <meta name="DC.Description" content=""> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="United Nations"> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="United Nations"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="United Nations"> <meta property="og:title" content="Food and Climate Change: Healthy diets for a healthier planet | United Nations"> <meta property="og:description" content=""> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2022/05/food_cover01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1350"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Food and Climate Change: Healthy diets for a healthier planet | United Nations"> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food"> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2022/05/food_cover01.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="1350px"> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="500px">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PD5P6B6');</script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-LQCS');</script>  <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/modules/system/system.base.css?slg8yl"); </style> <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/calendar/css/calendar_multiday.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/date/date_repeat_field/date_repeat_field.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/modules/field/theme/field.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/modules/node/node.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/views/css/views.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/media/modules/media_wysiwyg/css/media_wysiwyg.base.css?slg8yl"); </style> <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/ctools/css/ctools.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/modules/locale/locale.css?slg8yl"); </style> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@unicorn-fail/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2/dist/3.3.1/7.x-3.x/drupal-bootstrap.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:400,700|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Roboto:300,400,400i,500,700&display=swap&subset=cyrillic" media="all" /> <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/fontawesome/css/all.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/fontawesome/css/v4-shims.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/css/style.css?slg8yl"); </style> <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/css/bootstrap-accessibility.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/css/style-chronicle.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/css/style-wss.css?slg8yl"); </style>   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery/2.2/jquery.min.js?v=2.2.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript">jQuery.migrateMute=true;jQuery.migrateTrace=false;</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery-migrate/1/jquery-migrate.min.js?v=1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/misc/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js?v=2.2.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/misc/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js?v=2.2.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/misc/jquery.once.js?v=1.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/misc/drupal.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/jquery_update/js/jquery_browser.js?v=0.0.1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/entityreference/js/entityreference.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/js/bootstrap-add-clear/bootstrap-add-clear.min.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/js/bootstrap-accessibility.min.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/js/dropdown.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/js/custom.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript">jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"bootstrap_un2","theme_token":"hoWw-TPRsq1qcus8rXM0cEP-1MFuvLNV1cpQ0wEq9C8","js":{"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/2.2\/jquery.min.js":1,"0":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery-migrate\/1\/jquery-migrate.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/jquery_update\/js\/jquery_browser.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/entityreference\/js\/entityreference.js":1,"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@3.4.1\/dist\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/js\/bootstrap-add-clear\/bootstrap-add-clear.min.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/js\/bootstrap-accessibility.min.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/js\/dropdown.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/js\/custom.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/calendar\/css\/calendar_multiday.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/date\/date_repeat_field\/date_repeat_field.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/media\/modules\/media_wysiwyg\/css\/media_wysiwyg.base.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"modules\/locale\/locale.css":1,"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@3.4.1\/dist\/css\/bootstrap.css":1,"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/@unicorn-fail\/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2\/dist\/3.3.1\/7.x-3.x\/drupal-bootstrap.css":1,"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:400,700|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Roboto:300,400,400i,500,700\u0026display=swap\u0026subset=cyrillic":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/fontawesome\/css\/all.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/fontawesome\/css\/v4-shims.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/style.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/bootstrap-accessibility.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/style-chronicle.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/style-africa-events.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/style-wss.css":1}},"ogContext":{"groupType":"node","gid":"81993"},"bootstrap":{"anchorsFix":"0","anchorsSmoothScrolling":"0","formHasError":1,"popoverEnabled":1,"popoverOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"right","selector":"","trigger":"click","triggerAutoclose":1,"title":"","content":"","delay":0,"container":"body"},"tooltipEnabled":1,"tooltipOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"auto left","selector":"","trigger":"hover focus","delay":0,"container":"body"}}});</script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in one-sidebar sidebar-first page-node page-node- page-node-177591 node-type-page og-context og-context-node og-context-node-81993 i18n-en property-type-8447" >  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PD5P6B6" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-LQCS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <section class="region region-css"> <section id="block-block-6" class="block block-block clearfix"> <style> body.i18n-ht header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-btn { background: url(https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/logo_ht.svg) no-repeat; width: 32.4rem; } body.i18n-ht .footer .footer-brand a { background: url(https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/images/logo-fr-reverse.svg) no-repeat; } body.front ul.language-switcher-locale-url li.tr, body.front ul.language-switcher-locale-url li.uk, body.front ul.language-switcher-locale-url li.ht { display: none; } p.alert-info em { margin-right: 0.15em; } .views-field-body a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .views-field-body h3 a { border-bottom: none; } a#more_button { border-bottom: solid 0.1rem #009edb; } /* blockquote-promo */ .blockquote-promo blockquote { border: none; } .blockquote-promo blockquote h3:before { content: "\f10d"; font-family: 'Fontawesome'; float: left; margin-left: -67px; margin-top: -40px; font-size: 5rem; padding-right: 20px; } body.i18n-ar .blockquote-promo blockquote h3:before { float: right; content: "\f10e"; margin-right: -60px; padding-left: 20px; } .blockquote-promo .quote-bg { background-color: #009edb !important; position: relative; height: 30rem; } .blockquote-promo .quote-image { width: 650px; position: absolute; right: 6%; bottom: 0; display: block; max-width: 35%; } .blockquote-promo .quote-text h3 { color:white !important; font-size: calc(27px + 6 * ((100vw - 320px) / 680)) !important; letter-spacing: -0.77px; line-height: 1.5; } .blockquote-promo .quote-text--sm h3 { font-size: calc(20px + 6 * ((100vw - 320px) / 680)) !important; color: white !important; letter-spacing: -0.77px; line-height: 1.4; } .blockquote-promo .quote-text footer { color: black; font-size: 100%; } .blockquote-promo .word-highlighted { background-color:black !important; border-radius: 25px; padding: 0 9px; } .embed-responsive-21by9 { padding-bottom:42.85%; } .call-to-action { padding: 2.714286rem 1.428571429rem; margin: 3rem 6rem; font-size: 17.5px !important; border-top: 2px dashed #009edb; border-bottom: 2px dashed #009edb; width: 65%; } .view-upcoming-events .event-info { padding-top: 4rem; } .view-upcoming-events .event-info-item { padding-bottom: 20px; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; } .view-upcoming-events .event-container { border-bottom: solid 2px #f2f2f2; padding-bottom: 3rem; } .view-upcoming-events .event-content { padding: 3rem 8rem; } .view-upcoming-events .event-image { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; } .view-upcoming-events .fa-map-marker { margin: 0 5px !important; } body.i18n-zh-hans .front-wrapper .unorg-home-hero .flex-row p { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; } body.not-front.i18n-zh-hans .main-container ul li { font-size: 15.6px; line-height: 21.6px; } body.not-front.i18n-zh-hans p { text-indent: 0; } body.node-type-event.i18n-zh-hans .node-event .field-name-field-event-date, body.node-type-event.i18n-zh-hans .node-event .span.date-display-range, body.node-type-event.i18n-zh-hans .node-event .field-name-field-location .field-item { line-height: 1.42857143; } .social-media li.tumblr a::before { font-size: 2.4rem; font-family: "FontAwesome" !important; content: "\f174"; color: #c4c4c4; display: inline-block; } .social-media li.tiktok a::before { font-size: inherit; content: ""; } .social-media li.tiktok a { font-size: inherit; background: url(/sites/un2.un.org/files/tiktok_1.svg) no-repeat; height: 34px; width: 34px; line-height: 34px; } .block.heading-border::after { content: ''; display: block; margin-left: 1px; margin-top: 1.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; border-top: #009edb solid 3px; width: 33%; } .allpadding-sm { padding: 30px; } a.view-more-link::after { font-family: FontAwesome; margin-left: 3px; color: #00a1d9; content: "\f101"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; } body.i18n-ar a.view-more-link::after { margin-right: 3px; content: "\f100"; } .property_home_page_section_first { margin-bottom: 4rem; } body.property-type-7 .property_home_page_section_first, body.property-type-10 .property_home_page_section_first { margin-bottom: 0; } body.node-type-book #block-system-main img { width: inherit; } body.page-node-40059 #un_org_home_fact_cards { display: none; } #bs-navbar-main-menu { clear: both; } .main-container.container { margin-top: 2rem; } body.node-type-article .owl-carousel .owl-item .image-metadata { margin-left: inherit; } .node-type-page h1, .node-type-page .h1, .node-type-slideshow h1.page-header { font-size: 3.2rem; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.77px; line-height: 1; } body.not-front.i18n-ar.node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts { letter-spacing: 0.0px; line-height: 1.6; text-align: right; text-shadow: 0 0 0.1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); padding: 0.2rem 1.7rem 0.4rem 0; border-right: solid 0.5rem rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); border-left: 0; } body.front.i18n-ar .section.facts .card .views-field-body { padding-top: 2.6rem; background: none; } body.front.i18n-ar .section.facts .card ~ .card ~ .card ~ .card .views-field-body, body.front.i18n-ar .section.facts .card ~ .card ~ .card .views-field-body, body.front.i18n-ar .section.facts .card ~ .card .views-field-body { background-image: none; } .view-id-property_cards_by_nodequeue_page.view-display-id-page_1 .views-field-og-group-ref { display: none; } body.not-logged-in .alert.error, body.page-node-54315 .alert.error, body.node-type-page .alert.error { display:none; } body.not-logged-in.page-node-170435 .alert.error { display:inherit; } ul#main-menu li.menu-17747.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17758.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17754.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17784.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17760.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17756.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17973.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17976.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17979.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17997.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-18000.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-18003.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-18696.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17856.top-level > a , ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-24886.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-24356.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-28784.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-31944.top-level a { background-color: #c20000; } ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-22773.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a,ul#main-menu li.menu-25685.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-25892.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a { background-color: #c20000; } ul#main-menu li.menu-17747.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17747.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17747.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17758.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17758.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17758.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17754.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17754.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17754.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17784.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17784.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17784.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17760.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17760.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17760.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17756.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17756.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17756.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25685.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25685.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25685.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25892.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25892.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25892.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.active-menu { background-color: #f2f2f2; } ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-22773.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22773.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.hover, { background-color: #f2f2f2; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 .view-header { margin-bottom: 2rem; } .view-articles-by-property-view.view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_2 { margin-top: 5rem; margin-bottom: 5rem; } body.not-front .field-content.post-date { font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.1666; color: #4d4c4c; letter-spacing: 0.77px; text-transform: uppercase; display: block; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; } body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article li, body.property-type-9040 p, body.property-type-9040 li, body.property-type-8447 p, body.property-type-8447 li, body.property-type-8450 p, body.property-type-8450 li { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin-right: 0; } body.og-context-node-102953 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102950 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102947 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102932 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102944 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102941 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 71px; width: 77px; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62045 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 75px; width: 85px; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { margin-top: -2px; width: 78px; height: 78px; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 84px !important; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_5 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_9 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_10 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-article .read-more-button { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .section.more-stories-by::after { border-top: none; } .view-articles-by-issue-with-podcast .views-field-php { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-54396.node-type-article ul.breadcrumb { display:none; } .og-context-node-54396 .footer-fluid, .page-isotope-articles .footer-fluid { margin-top: 4rem; } .view-property-slideshows-by-taxonomy .item { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item { margin-top: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item:first-child { margin-top: 0; } body.node-type-page h1 { font-size:4rem; } .library_field { margin-top: 1rem; font-weight: 700; } .historical-note { font-size: 12px; } .small-view .views-field-title { width: 94%; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 90%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 1em; list-style: inherit; } node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: inherit; } body.property-type-11 .view-articles-by-property-view ul li { margin-top: 1rem; } body.node-type-file-object article ul { list-style: inherit; } body.node-type-file-object article ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } /* body.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section_articles_second {*/ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } /* body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { font-size: 0; } */ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container .property_home_page_section_articles_first { font-size: inherit; } body.front.i18n-fr .aan_image, body.front.i18n-es .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ru .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ar .aan_image, body.front.i18n-zh-hans .aan_image { display:none; } .page-node-81254.og-context-node-81254 .view-id-unorg_home_top_multiitem_nodequeue .unorg-home-hero { margin-bottom: 5rem; } /* dhl */ .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size:12px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59110 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59107 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { font-size: 10px; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74753.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-left: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74777.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-right: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 p { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3 ul li { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 h1.page-header { font-size: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3 { margin-top: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74774 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74777 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { white-space: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 3px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size: 12px; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 15px; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774, body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 p { font-size: 1.61rem; line-height: 1.61; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 h3 { font-size: 2.8rem; line-height: 1.34; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 .home-footer h4 { font-size: 2.3rem; line-height: 1.265; } .not-front .home-footer .footer-fluid .footer.container.dark ul li::before { content: ""; } /* /dhl */ body.article-type-7 .node-sidebar .field-name-body.field-type-text-with-summary.field-label-above .field-label { display: none; } /* .page-calendar-by-property .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } */ .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { z-index:10; } body.node-type-file-object article .field-name-field-image.field-type-image img { width: inherit; } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts { font-size: 2.2rem; color: white; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.1818; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0 0 0.1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); padding: 0.2rem 0 0.4rem 1.7rem; border-left: solid 0.5rem rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts a { color: white; } .property-type-14 .unorg-home-5x4.third-story { margin-top: 3rem; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg { background-color: inherit; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-98731.node-type-page #block-system-main img{ width: inherit; } /* .view-articles-by-property-view .row h3 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } */ body.page-articles-by-property-local-category .view-articles-by-property-view .row .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .page-node-106961 #toggle-play, .page-node-106961 #toggle-pause { bottom: 180px; } .view-dhl.view-display-id-page .views-widget-filter-data_1 { display: none; } .view-un-org-home-news-row.view-id-un_org_home_news_row.view-display-id-block_2 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_1 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_5 p { font-size: 14px; } .un-org-home-news-row-block-2 { margin-top: 4rem; } body.not-front.i18n-ar div.category { letter-spacing: inherit; text-transform: inherit; } body.node-type-book .book-toc { display: none; } .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.single-day div.monthview { background: inherit; } .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.monthview .contents, .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .week-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.weekview .contents { right: 0; left: 5px; } .navbar-full.navbar { background-color: #4d4d4d; padding: 0; height: 34px; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 30%); margin-bottom: 0; z-index: 99; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol, body.not-front .views-field-body ol { list-style-type: decimal; } ol.blue-list li::marker { color: #009edb; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol li, body.not-front .views-field-body ol li { margin-left: 2rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page h3 { clear: both; padding:0.5em 0; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 50px; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; display: inline; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row { clear: both; margin-bottom: 1rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .full_observances_list { text-align: right; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list { text-align: left; } .full_observances_list a::after { font-family: FontAwesome; margin-left: 3px; color: #00a1d9; content: "\f101"; line-height: 1; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list a::after { margin-right: 3px; content: "\f100"; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { background-color: #ffffff !important; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-top: 4rem; padding-bottom: 4rem; } body.page-node-132204.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { padding-top: inherit; padding-bottom: inherit; } .i18n-ar .front-wrapper header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand { font-size: 2.1rem; margin-top: 0.5rem; line-height: 1.6; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a { background-color: #009edb; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active-menu { background: #f2f2f2; color: black; } body.node-type-article #toggle-play, body.node-type-article #toggle-pause { bottom: 150px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 1000px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; width: 500px !important; float: right; display: block; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 0px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 720px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 360px !important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 400px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 200px !important; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.front #live_now_button { display: block; float: left !important; } body.front.i18n-ar #live_now_button { float: right !important; } header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-btn::after { border-right: 0; } body.not-front header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 40px; width: 89px; } body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-1, body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-2 { margin-top: 60px; padding: 0; } body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active, body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { padding: 0; position: inherit; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 2em; background-color: #ffffff; float: none; border-bottom: #f2f2f2 solid 1px; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive table.table { font-size: 8px; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive > .table > tbody > tr > td { white-space: inherit; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 55%; } body.node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { width: 55%; } } /*Ocean 2022 logo*/ /* body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 261px !important; height: 79px !important; margin-top: 0; } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 164px !important; height: 50px !important; margin-top: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 66px !important; margin-top: -14px; } } */ </style> </section> <section id="block-block-60" class="block block-block clearfix"> <style type="text/css">/* -- begin added by Tulin -- */ /* ****** effects for headers ***** */ h1.header-entry-page { font-size: 4.5rem !important; } h3.header-lg { font-size: 4rem; } h3.header-md { font-size: 3rem; } .heading-underlined-blue::after { content: ''; display: block; margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem 0; border-top: #00a1d9 solid 3px; width: 33%; } .heading-underlined-blue { margin-top: 5rem; } .heading-center-underline { text-align: center !important; } .heading-center-underline::after { content: ''; display: block; margin-left: 25% !important; margin-right: 50% !important; text-align: center; margin-top: 1.0501050105rem; border-top: #009edb solid 3px; width: 50% !important; } /* ******* layout visual aid **** */ blockquote p::before { content: "\f10d"; font-family: 'Fontawesome'; float: left; margin-right: 10px; } .grey-well { padding: 5rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; background-color: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; border-radius: 0px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); } .blue-well { background-color: #009edb; padding: 5rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; /*padding: 35px 35px; margin-bottom: 35px; text-align: center;*/ } .blue-well p, .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul, .blue-well li, .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { color: #ffffff !important; font-size: 1.75rem !important; /*line-height: normal !important;*/ letter-spacing: normal; font-weight: 500; list-style: inherit; } .blue-well-nav-bar { padding: 2rem; } .blue-well h3, .blue-well h4 { color: #ffffff !important; font-size: 2.25rem !important; letter-spacing: normal; } .blue-well-large-text { font-size: 2rem !important; font-weight: 700; } .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul { padding-left: 2rem; } .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #ffffff; } .blue-well a:hover { border-bottom: none; } .blue-well-header { color: #ffffff !important; line-height: normal !important; } .vertical-line-left { border-left: solid #eeeeee 5px; font-size: 1.2em; padding: 1em 1em; margin-bottom: 1.2em !important; } .vertical-line-right { border-right: 1px solid rgba(51,51,51,.2); font-size: 1.2em; padding: 1em 1em; margin-bottom: 1.2em !important; } .horizontal-line-top-drk { border-top: solid #aaa 1px; padding: 1rem 0 1rem 0; margin: 4rem 0 auto 0; max-width: 70%; } .horizontal-line-top { border-top: solid #eeeeee 5px; padding: 1rem 0 1rem 0; margin: 4rem 0 auto 0; max-width: 70%; } .horizontal-line-top-blue-arrow { border-top: solid #eeeeee 5px; background: url(https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/arrow.png) no-repeat; margin-top: 20px; min-height: 30px; padding-left: 40px; max-width: 60%; } .top-bottom-dashed-line { margin: 3rem auto; padding: 3rem 3rem; border-top: 2px dashed #aaa; border-bottom: 2px dashed #aaa; width: 95%; } /* ***** padding and text copy-specific styles ***** */ .top-padding { margin-top: 2rem; } .photo-credit { font-size: 14px !important; margin-bottom: 2rem; } .caps { text-transform: uppercase; } .text-tagline { font-size: 2rem !important; font-weight: 700; } .text-blue { color: #337ab7; } .text-lead-lg { font-size: 18px !important; } /* **** icons for links ***** */ a.icon-blue-book::after { font-family: 'FontAwesome'; content:'\f2b9'; color:#009edb; padding: 0 1px 0 5px; } a.social-icon-android::after { font-family: 'FontAwesome'; content:'\f17b'; color:#009edb; padding: 0 1px 0 5px; } a.social-icon-apple::after { font-family: 'FontAwesome'; content:'\f179'; color:#009edb; padding: 0 1px 0 5px; } /* ***** lists ul/ol ***** */ ul.underline-links li a, ol.underline-links li a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333 } ul.underline-links li a:hover, ol.underline-links li a:hover { border-bottom: none; } ol.ol-decimal { list-style-type: decimal; } ol.ol-lower-latin { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } ol.ol-decimal, ol.ol-lower-latin { margin: 1rem 1.5rem; padding: 0.5rem 1rem 1.75rem 1rem; } ol.ol-decimal li, ol.ol-lower-latin li { margin: 1.5rem 0; padding-left: 2rem; } ul.block-list li { font-weight: 700; border-bottom: #eeeeee dotted 2px; } ul.spaced-list li { padding: 1.5rem 0; } ul.block-list li a:before { font-family: FontAwesome; display: inline-block; padding-right: 6px; vertical-align: middle; content: "\f105"; font-size: 32.24px; font-weight: 600; color: #009edb; margin-right: 0.3em; } ul.block-list li h4 a:before { display: none; } /* ul.block-list li.leaf:before { font-family: FontAwesome; display: inline-block; padding-right: 6px; vertical-align: middle; content: "\f105"; font-size: 32.24px; font-weight: 600; color: #009edb; margin-right: 0.3em; }*/ ul.block-list li a { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 600; } /* ************* side bar nav menu **************** */ .node-sidebar-item-body .menu > li > a { padding: 10px 0px; /* font-weight: bold; */ } .node-sidebar-item-body ul { list-style: none; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li { margin: 10px 0px; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .node-sidebar-item-body p a:hover { border-bottom: none; } .menu-sub { padding-left: 2em; list-style: circle !important; } /* ********* some padding for side bar items ********** */ .node-sidebar-item-body { margin-top: 1em; } /************ some interactivity */ .eventitem { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); -ms-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); -webkit-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; -ms-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; } .eventitem:hover { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); -moz-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); -ms-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); -o-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); opacity: 0.7; } /* ******* phone ********** */ @media (max-width: 400px) { .grey-well { padding: 1rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; background-color: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; border-radius: 0px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); } } /* -- end added by Tulin -- */ /* -- begin added by Gedi --*/ .back-button { margin-top: 1em; } .card-body a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .back-to-toplink { text-align: right; padding-top: 5px; font-size: 1.2em; } .back-to-toplink a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .flag-container { float: right !important; } .country { box-shadow: 5px 5px 3px #f2f2f2; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; } #memberStatesIndex { border: solid 1px #000; background: #eee; padding: 10px; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1em; } #memberStatesIndex a { padding: 9px; font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: 700; } .member-state-grouping-letter { text-align: center; font-size: 2em !important; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0 0.5em 0; } .member-state-grouping-letter a { border: none; } .onimage_title { display: none; } .main-container.container { margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 3em; } .image-metadata { border:none; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; } .carousel-caption.top-text { bottom: 30px; padding: 10px; background: rgba(77,77,77,0.9); border-radius: 10px; left: 5%; right: 5%; } .carousel-caption.top-text p { text-align: left; color:#ffffff; } .carousel-caption.top-text button { background-color: #009edb; } .section1 { margin-top: 15px!important; margin-bottom: 25px !important; } h2.international-selection { text-align: center; } .observances { background: #009EDB; padding: 15px 0; } .observance-item { background: #4d4d4d; } .observance-item-title { padding:5px 10px !important; font-size: 2.5rem !important; } .observance-item-title a { color:#ffffff !important; } .observance-item-title a:hover { text-decoration: underline !important; } .international-items { padding: 20px; box-shadow: 5px 5px 3px #f2f2f2; position: relative; } .international-items.resolution { bottom: 20px; right: 20px; text-align: right; } /* **** adjusting for screen size ***** */ @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { .carousel-caption.top-text { /*top: 100px;*/ bottom: 100px; padding: 20px; border-radius: 10px; width: 360px; left: 5%; right: 60%; } .carousel-caption.top-text p { color:#ffffff; width: 310px; margin: auto 0; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { .un-anniversaries { text-align: right; } .un-multilingualism { text-align: left; } .unorg-home-hero.col-md-3 { width: 25% !important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { .international-items { height: 205px; } .international-items.resolution { position: absolute; } } /* ******************** end added by Gedi ***************** */ </style> </section> </section>  <div class="wrapper">   <nav id="brand-bar" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">  <div class="container-fluid brandbar-header language-switcher"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#language-switcher" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">Welcome to the United Nations</a> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse" id="language-switcher"> <nav role="navigation"> <ul class="language-switcher-locale-url nav navbar-nav navbar-right" role="menu"> <ul class="language-switcher-locale-url"><li class="ar first"><a href="/ar/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food" class="language-link" xml:lang="ar" title=" الغذاء وتغير المناخ: نظم غذائية صحية من أجل كوكب أكثر صحة" role="menuitem">العربية</a></li> <li class="zh-hans"><a href="/zh/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food" class="language-link" xml:lang="zh-hans" title="食物与气候变化：健康饮食，让地球更健康" role="menuitem">中文</a></li> <li class="nl"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="nl" role="menuitem">Nederlands</span></li> <li class="en active"><a href="/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food" class="language-link active" xml:lang="en" title="Food and Climate Change: Healthy diets for a healthier planet" role="menuitem">English</a></li> <li class="fr"><a href="/fr/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food" class="language-link" xml:lang="fr" title="Alimentation et changement climatique : une alimentation plus saine pour une planète en meilleure santé" role="menuitem">Français</a></li> <li class="ht"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="ht" role="menuitem">Kreyòl</span></li> <li class="hi"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="hi" role="menuitem">हिन्दी</span></li> <li class="pt"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="pt" role="menuitem">Português</span></li> <li class="ru"><a href="/ru/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food" class="language-link" xml:lang="ru" title="Питание и изменение климата: здоровая диета для более здоровой планеты" role="menuitem">Русский</a></li> <li class="es"><a href="/es/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food" class="language-link" xml:lang="es" title="Los alimentos y el cambio climático: Una dieta más sana por un planeta más saludable" role="menuitem">Español</a></li> <li class="sw"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="sw" role="menuitem">Kiswahili</span></li> <li class="tr"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="tr" role="menuitem">Türkçe</span></li> <li class="uk last"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="uk" role="menuitem">Українська</span></li> </ul> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </nav>   <header id="navbar" role="banner" class=""> <div class="container">  <div class="navbar-header"> <a class="logo navbar-btn pull-left flip emblem_menu_and_masthead" href="/en" title="United Nations"> <img src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/logo.png" alt="UN logo" /> </a> <div class="navbar-brand-img-subtitle-1 col-md-5"><a href="/en/climatechange">Climate Action</a></div> <div class="search-form col-md-3 hidden-sm hidden-xs pull-right flip"> <section class="region region-search"> <section id="block-search-form" class="block block-search clearfix"> <form class="form-search content-search" action="/site-search/" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div> <h2 class="element-invisible">Search the United Nations</h2> <div class="input-group"> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." placeholder="Search" class="form-control form-text" type="text" name="query" value="" size="15" maxlength="128"> <span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"><span class="element-invisible">Submit Search</span><i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></button></span> </div> </form> <div class="advanced-search"><a href="/en/site-index">A-Z Site Index</a></div> </section> </section> </div>  <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-navbar-main-menu"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-navbar-main-menu"> <ul id="main-menu" class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="menu-25100 top-level"> <a href="/en/climatechange" role="button" title="" class="">Home </a></li> <li class="menu-22517 top-level"> <a href="#" role="button" class="" aria-expanded="false" title="">Science <span class="sf-sub-indicator"> »</span> </a> <ul class="subnav " id="subnav-22517"> <li class="menu-22517"> <a href="/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change" title="" class="">What Is Climate Change</a> </li> <li class="menu-22517"> <a href="/en/climatechange/science/mythbusters" title="" class="">Myth Busters</a> </li> <li class="menu-22517"> <a href="/en/climatechange/reports" title="" class="">Reports</a> </li> <li class="menu-22517"> <a href="/en/climatechange/science/key-findings" title="" class="">Fast Facts</a> </li> <li class="menu-22517"> <a href="/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues" title="" class="">Explainers</a> </li></ul></li> <li class="menu-22518 top-level"> <a href="#" role="button" class="" aria-expanded="false" title="">Solutions <span class="sf-sub-indicator"> »</span> </a> <ul class="subnav " id="subnav-22518"> <li class="menu-22518"> <a href="/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition" title="" class="">Net Zero</a> </li> <li class="menu-22518"> <a href="/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy" title="" class="">Renewable Energy</a> </li> <li class="menu-22518"> <a href="/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/climate-finance" title="" class="">Finance & Justice</a> </li> <li class="menu-22518"> <a href="/en/climatechange/climate-action-coalitions" title="" class="">Initiatives</a> </li> <li class="menu-22518"> <a href="/en/climatechange/17-goals-to-transform-our-world" title="" class="">Sustainable Development Goals</a> </li> <li class="menu-22518"> <a href="/en/climatechange/paris-agreement" title="" class="">Paris Agreement</a> </li></ul></li> <li class="menu-22521 top-level"> <a href="#" role="button" class="" aria-expanded="false" title="">Get Involved <span class="sf-sub-indicator"> »</span> </a> <ul class="subnav " id="subnav-22521"> <li class="menu-22521"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/actnow/" title="" class="">Act Now</a> </li> <li class="menu-22521"> <a href="https://shareverified.com/" title="" class="">Verified</a> </li> <li class="menu-22521"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/youth-in-action" title="" class="">Youth</a> </li></ul></li> <li class="menu-22520 top-level"> <a href="#" role="button" class="" aria-expanded="false" title="">Events <span class="sf-sub-indicator"> »</span> </a> <ul class="subnav " id="subnav-22520"> <li class="menu-22520"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/cop29" title="" class="">COP29</a> </li> <li class="menu-22520"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences" title="" class="">Climate Conferences</a> </li> <li class="menu-22520"> <a href="/en/climatechange/events" title="" class="">Key Dates</a> </li></ul></li> <li class="menu-32706 top-level"> <a href="#" role="button" class="" aria-expanded="false" title="">Resources <span class="sf-sub-indicator"> »</span> </a> <ul class="subnav " id="subnav-32706"> <li class="menu-32706"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/speeches" title="" class="">Speeches</a> </li> <li class="menu-32706"> <a href="/en/climatechange/press-materials" title="" class="">Press Material</a> </li> <li class="menu-32706"> <a href="https://www.un.org/climatechange/un-climate-interviews" title="" class="">Interviews</a> </li> <li class="menu-32706"> <a href="/en/climatechange/climate-fast-facts" title="" class="">Fast Facts</a> </li> <li class="menu-32706"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/graphics" title="" class="">Graphics</a> </li> <li class="menu-32706"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/communicating-climate-change" title="" class="">Communications Tips</a> </li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div>  </header> <header role="banner" id="page-header"> </header>  <div class="main-container container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <section> <div class="banner_alert"> <div class="view view-banner-by-property view-id-banner_by_property view-display-id-block view-dom-id-dbf743a61a8801b01cf4efee71b453b2"> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <h1 class="page-header">Food and Climate Change: Healthy diets for a healthier planet</h1>  <section class="region region-content"> <section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div id="node-177591" class="node node-page clearfix" about="/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food" typeof="foaf:Document"> <span property="dc:title" content="Food and Climate Change: Healthy diets for a healthier planet" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field-name-field-image"><img src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/styles/banner-image-style-27-10/public/2022/05/food_cover01.jpg" alt="Photocomposition of fruits and vegetables: onion, cucumber, pickles, pumpkin, aubergine, garlic and red pepper share the space with a banana, which is inside a reusable net bag. "/></div> <div class="image-metadata"><span class="photo-credit">What we eat, and how that food is produced, affects our health but also the environment. </span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1 col-lg-offset-1"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-10 col-lg-11"> <h3>What does food have to do with climate change?</h3> <p><br> What we eat, and how that food is produced, affects our health but also the environment.</p> <p>Food needs to be grown and processed, transported, distributed, prepared, consumed, and sometimes disposed of. Each of these steps creates greenhouse gases that trap the sun’s heat and contribute to climate change. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-021-00225-9/">About a third</a> of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions is linked to food.<br>  </p> <p>The largest chunk of food-related greenhouse gases comes from <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/cb3808en/cb3808en.pdf">agriculture and land use</a>. This includes, for instance:</p> <ul> <li>methane from cattle’s digestive process,</li> <li>nitrous oxide from fertilizers used for crop production,</li> <li>carbon dioxide from cutting down forests for the expansion of farmland,</li> <li>other agricultural emissions from manure management, rice cultivation, burning of crop residues, and the use of fuel on farms.<br>  </li> </ul> <p>A much smaller share of the greenhouse gas emissions of food are caused by:</p> <ul> <li>refrigeration and transport of food,</li> <li>industrial processes such as the production of paper and aluminum for packaging,</li> <li>the management of food waste.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6 bottommargin-sm"> <figure><img alt="" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/tw_food01.png"></figure> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6"> <figure><img alt="" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/tw_food03.png"></figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-10 col-lg-11"> <p> </p> <h3>Which foods cause the most greenhouse gas emissions?<br>  </h3> <p>The climate impact of food is measured in terms of greenhouse gas emissions intensity. The emissions intensity is expressed in kilograms of “carbon dioxide equivalents” – which includes not only CO2 but all greenhouse gases – per kilogram of food, per gram of protein or per calorie.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/chapter-5/5-4-impacts-of-food-systems-on-climate-change/5-4-6-greenhouse-gas-emissions-associated-with-different-diets/">Animal-based foods</a>, especially red meat, dairy, and farmed shrimp, are generally associated with the highest greenhouse gas emissions. This is because:   </p> <ul> <li><u><a href="https://www.fao.org/gleam/results/en">Meat production</a></u> often requires extensive grasslands, which is often created by cutting down trees, releasing carbon dioxide stored in forests.</li> <li>Cows and sheep emit methane as they digest grass and plants.</li> <li>The cattle’s waste on pastures and chemical fertilizers used on crops for cattle feed emit nitrous oxide, another powerful greenhouse gas.</li> <li><u><a href="https://inweh.unu.edu/preserve-the-services-of-mangroves-earths-invaluable-coastal-forests-experts-urge">Shrimp farms </a></u>often occupy coastal lands formerly covered in mangrove forests which absorb huge amounts of carbon. The large carbon footprint of shrimp or prawns is mainly due to the stored carbon that is released into the atmosphere when mangroves are cut down to create shrimp farms.</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/new-research-says-plant-based-diet-best-for-planet-and-people">Plant-based foods</a> – such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans, peas, nuts, and lentils – generally use less energy, land, and water, and have lower greenhouse gas intensities than animal-based foods.</p> <p>Here are three charts showing the carbon footprint of different food products. Emissions can be compared based on weight (per kilogram of food), or in terms of nutritional units (per 100 grams of protein or per 1000 kilocalories) which shows us how efficiently different foods supply protein or energy.</p> <p> </p> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1"> <figure><img alt="" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/greenchart-final2.jpg"></figure> <p> </p> <figure><img alt="" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/bluechart-2.jpg"></figure> <p> </p> <figure><img alt="" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/yellowchart-2.jpg"></figure> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-11 col-lg-12 topmargin-sm"><span style="font-size:11px;">Notes:</span></div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-11 col-lg-12"><span style="font-size:11px;">- Emissions are measured in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents, kgCO2eq, which takes into account not only carbon dioxide but also other greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, by converting them to carbon dioxide equivalents with the same global warming potential. </span></div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-11 col-lg-12"><span style="font-size:11px;">- Beef combines beef cattle and dairy cattle. | Shellfish and fish are farmed. | Cheese and milk include all dairy, i.e. animal sources such as cow, goat, sheep, buffalo, camel.</span></div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-11 col-lg-12"><span style="font-size:11px;">Sources:<br> - Babiker, M., G. Berndes, K. Blok, B. Cohen, A. Cowie, O. Geden, V. Ginzburg, A. Leip, P. Smith, M. Sugiyama, F. Yamba, 2022: Cross-sectoral perspectives (Chapter 12). In IPCC, 2022:<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/"> <u>Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</u></a>  [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.005<br> - <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216"><u>Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science, 360(6392), 987-992</u></a></span><br> <span style="font-size:11px;">- <a href="https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/edgar_food" style="text-decoration-line: underline;">EDGAR-FOOD global emission inventory of GHGs from the food systems</a></span><br> - <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food" style="font-size: 11px;"><u>Our World in Data: Environmental Impacts of Food Production</u></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1 col-lg-offset-1"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-10 col-lg-11"> <h3><br> How can food-related emissions be reduced?<br>  </h3> <p>Reducing emissions from the food sector requires changes at all stages, from producers to consumers.</p> <p>Where appropriate,<a href="https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/39972/Lifestyles_climate.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y"> shifting food systems towards plant-rich diets</a> – with more plant protein (such as beans, chickpeas, lentils, nuts, and grains), a reduced amount of animal-based foods (meat and dairy) and less saturated fats (butter, milk, cheese, meat, coconut oil and palm oil) – can lead to a <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/chapter-5/5-5-mitigation-options-challenges-and-opportunities/5-5-2-demand-side-mitigation-options/5-5-2-1-mitigation-potential-of-different-diets/figure-5-12/">significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions</a> compared to current dietary patterns in most industrialized countries.</p> <p><a href="https://www.fao.org/in-action/sustainable-and-circular-bioeconomy/resources/news/details/en/c/1507553/">Alternative proteins</a> – such as plant-based meat and dairy substitutes, insect-based proteins, and cell-based/cultivated meat – provide promising prospects and are attracting growing demand, financial investment and technological innovation.</p> <p>But animal products remain an important source of<a href="https://www.fao.org/livestock-environment/en"> food security, nutrition, livelihoods</a> for large numbers of rural populations around the world.<a href="https://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/197623/icode/"> Improved feeds and feeding techniques</a> can reduce methane generated during cattle’s digestion as well as the amount of gases released by decomposing manure. Smaller herd sizes, with fewer, more productive animals can also help. And <a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/beginners-guide-sustainable-farming">better agricultural practices</a>, such as improved manure and fertilizer management, rotational grazing to maintain healthy soil to store carbon, and the restoration of degraded lands can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.</p> <p>At the same time, <a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/un-17-all-food-available-consumer-levels-wasted">reducing food waste</a> is key. Almost 1 billion tons of food – 17 percent of all food available to consumers worldwide – goes into trash bins every year. Producing, transporting, and letting that food rot contribute more than 8 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. If <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/bb144e/bb144e.pdf">food waste</a> were a country, it would be the third-largest emitting country in the world.<br>  </p> <div class="gray-bg"> <div class="container bottommargin-sm"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-xs-12"> <div class="heading-border block"> <h2>What can you do?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row topmargin-sm"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <h3>Eat healthier meals</h3> <p>Start eating a more plant-rich, <a href="http://www.fao.org/3/ca4694en/CA4694EN.pdf">balanced diet</a> – one that provides energy and nutrients from several different food groups – and reduce foods that are harder on our planet.</p> <p>Meat and dairy can be important sources of protein and micronutrients, particularly in lower-income countries where diets lack diversity. But in most high-income countries, shifting to <a href="https://unfccc.int/blog/we-need-to-talk-about-meat">more plant-based foods</a> promotes better health and significantly lowers your environmental impact compared to the average meat-based diet.</p> <p>What you eat is much more important than how far that food has travelled or how much packaging it has. Transport and packaging typically account for only a small fraction of foods’ greenhouse gas emission.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <h3>Cut your food waste</h3> <p>Think about <a href="https://www.unep.org/thinkeatsave/take-action">how you buy, prepare and dispose</a> of food. When you throw away food, you’re also wasting the energy, land, water, and fertilizer that was used to produce, package, and transport it.</p> <p>Only buy what you need – and use up what you buy. And don’t shy away from buying <a href="http://www.fao.org/fao-stories/article/en/c/1100391/">imperfect-looking fruits</a> and vegetables. They might otherwise get thrown out.</p> <p><a href="https://www.wfp.org/foodwaste">Stop the waste</a>, save money, reduce emissions, and help preserve resources for future generations.</p> <p>If you do need to throw out food, <a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-composting-can-reduce-our-impact-planet">composting</a> your leftovers can reduce the amount of methane and CO2 released by the organic waste.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row topmargin-sm"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <h3>Try a sustainable recipe</h3> <p>Have a look at <a href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/actnow-food-challenge/">these recipes</a> by leading chefs who are cooking up dishes that are not only delicious but also good for you and the planet.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <h3>Shop with a reusable bag</h3> <p>The production, use and disposal of <a href="https://unfccc.int/news/join-the-global-campaign-to-beatplasticpollution">plastics</a> contribute to climate change. Instead of a plastic bag, use your own reusable bag and reduce the amount of <a href="https://www.unep.org/interactive/beat-plastic-pollution/">plastic waste</a> in our world.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row topmargin-sm"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 topmargin-sm bottommargin-sm"> <p>For more tips, check out the <a href="http://www.un.org/actnow">ActNow</a> campaign.</p> <p> </p> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6"><img alt="sdgs wheel" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/actnow_horizontal_e.png"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row bottommargin-sm"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-md-offset-1 col-lg-offset-1"> <h2 class="heading-border block">Read more</h2> </div> </div> <div class="row bottommargin"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-md-offset-1 col-lg-offset-1"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/actnow/food-hero"><img alt="" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/08/food-matters.png" title=""></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/actnow/food-hero">Be a food hero!</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">Behind our food, there is always someone who produced, planted, harvested, fished or transported it. <a href="https://www.un.org/en/actnow/food-hero"> These food heroes</a> are helping to make sure that everyone, everywhere has enough affordable, safe and nutritious food.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-3 col-lg-3"><a href="https://actnow.aworld.org/"><img alt="" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/mobile-app.jpg" title=""></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://actnow.aworld.org/">Track your habits, see your impact</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">The mobile app by A-World allows you to choose and track a set of sustainable habits and see the impact you are making in terms of CO2, water and electricity saved.<a href="https://actnow.aworld.org/"> Download it today!</a></p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-3 col-lg-3"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues"><img alt="" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/08/the-science.png" title=""></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues">Climate issues</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">Learn more about how climate change impacts are felt across different sectors and ecosystems, and why we must nurture rather than exploit nature’s resources to advance climate action.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="sharing_widget" class="col-sm-12 bottommargin">  <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_x"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> </div> <script async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  </div> </div> </div>  <div class="section section-fluid home-footer gray-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row topmargin"> <div class="divider"></div> </div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Facts and figures</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change">What is climate change?</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change">Causes and effects </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/mythbusters">Myth busters</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports">Reports</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/key-findings">Fast facts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Cutting emissions</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition">Explaining net zero </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/high-level-expert-group">High-level expert group on net zero</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/implementing-high-level-expert-group-report">Checklists for credibility of net-zero pledges</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/greenwashing">Greenwashing</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/actnow/ten-actions">What you can do </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Clean energy</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy">Renewable energy – key to a safer future</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-renewable-energy">What is renewable energy</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy-transition">Five ways to speed up the energy transition </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/why-invest-renewable-energy">Why invest in renewable energy</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/how-communities-are-embracing-renewable-energy">Clean energy stories </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/sharan-burrow-shared-prosperity">A just transition </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Adapting to climate change</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-adaptation">Climate adaptation</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/early-warnings-for-all">Early warnings for all</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/voices-of-change">Youth voices</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div> </div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Financing climate action</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/climate-finance">Finance and justice</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/adelle-thomas-loss-and-damage">Loss and damage </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/climate_finance_report.pdf" class="pdf-link">$100 billion commitment </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/why-finance-climate-action">Why finance climate action</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Explainers</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/health">Health </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food">Food</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/biodiversity">Biodiversity</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/ocean">Ocean</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/water">Water</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/land">Land</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/greenwashing">Greenwashing</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/human-security">Human Security </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/women">Women</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/degrees-matter">1.5°C</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">International cooperation</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement">Paris Agreement</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/all-about-ndcs">What are Nationally Determined Contributions</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_sgs_acceleration_agenda.pdf" class="pdf-link">Acceleration Agenda</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/climatechange/climate-ambition-summit">Climate Ambition Summit</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/cop29">COP29</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences">Climate conferences (COPs)</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/youth-in-action/youth-advisory-group">Youth Advisory Group</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-action-coalitions">Action initiatives </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/17-goals-to-transform-our-world">Sustainable Development Goals</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Resources</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/speeches">Secretary-General’s speeches</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/press-materials">Press material</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/climatechange/un-climate-interviews">Interviews</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-fast-facts">Fact sheets</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/graphics">Graphics</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/communicating-climate-change">Communications tips</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/speeches">Speeches</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div> </div> </div></div>    <div class="section-fluid footer-fluid"> <footer class="footer container dark"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="pull-left flip footer-brand en"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/" title="Home"> <span class="site-name">United Nations</span></a> </div> <div class="pull-right flip donate"> <a href="/en/about-us/how-to-donate-to-the-un-system" class="btn btn-default btn-reverse dark" role="button" id="donate_button">Donate</a> </div> <div class="pull-right flip social-media" role="navigation"> <ul class="nav list-inline"> <li class="list-inline-item youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BF02A105C347439"><span class="icon-text">youtube</span></a></li><li class="list-inline-item flickr"><a href="https://dam.media.un.org/Package/2AM9LOT_4#/SearchResult&VBID=2AM94S6MXP0TK&PN=1&WS=SearchResults"><span class="icon-text">flickr</span></a></li><li class="list-inline-item facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/unitednations"><span class="icon-text">facebook</span></a></li><li class="list-inline-item twitter"><a href="http://twitter.com/un"><span class="icon-text">twitter</span></a></li><li class="list-inline-item instagram"><a href="http://instagram.com/unitednations"><span class="icon-text">instagram</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row footer-links"> <div class="divider"></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="pull-right flip"> <div id="block-menu-menu-footer-links" class="block block-menu" role="navigation"> <ul class="nav list-inline"> <li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/site-index">A-Z Site Index</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/contact-us-0">Contact</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/frequently-asked-questions">FAQ</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/fraud-alert">Fraud Alert</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/privacy-notice">Privacy Notice</a></li><li class="list-inline-item last"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>  </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js?slg8yl"></script> </body> </html>