CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>History Portuguese and Spanish Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="rYkFFsZgoeqCgtlDHwqfLleBEUufDzH6xvA6Ceep6_wupR1FqNGdbjO7VpmkEKT8jvHeZXEsVdekwdd0XZLCYg" /> <link href="/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?after=50%2C10668401" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View History Portuguese and Spanish Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '6126ad0e98c738cb7565ca303973296e3a0c1d18'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14023,"monthly_visitors":"31 million","monthly_visitor_count":31300000,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":31,"user_count":283383834,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740165094000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740165094000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-b42d48e01e9cb3bf5ae55ea154ab7133fe47240c1d7c59b0249065c67d6f65ab.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f3fdf92d2e211a3fd7a717a75adb7bf4af30f5d7651964d9f223129f218112cd.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">History Portuguese and Spanish</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">21,766 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>History Portuguese and Spanish</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2346449" data-work_id="2346449" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2346449/Imperial_Portugal_in_the_Age_of_Atlantic_Revolutions_The_Luso_Brazilian_World_c_1770_1850_2013_">Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770-1850 [2013]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book traces the history of Portugal and its overseas dominions from approximately 1770 until just before 1850. Historians generally refer to this period as the "Age of Revolution (s)," when the imperial institutions, non-state... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2346449" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book traces the history of Portugal and its overseas dominions from approximately 1770 until just before 1850. Historians generally refer to this period as the "Age of Revolution (s)," when the imperial institutions, non-state networks, and commercial circuits knitting the early modern Atlantic World together became unraveled and new polities and connections, formal and informal, emerged from the ruins. In its Luso-Atlantic variant, the principal thrust of scholarly research has concerned the processes -long-term preconditions, medium-term precipitants, and short-term triggers -which culminated in Brazil's formal, political independence in the early 1820s. Historians have noted and analyzed how the timing, nature, and extent of Brazil's separation from Portugal differed from the processes by which British North America, French Saint-Domingue, and Spanish America wrested sovereignty from their respective metropoles. Yet there have been surprisingly few attempts to de-center the process of imperial breakdown, challenge its inevitability and completeness, explore the repercussions of decolonization in Portugal, trace empire's lingering political impact in Brazil, or challenge the appropriateness of the "Age of Revolution (s)" as an interpretive framework. These gaps, and the historiographical silence concerning these absences, are curious and provocative. After all, Brazil's independence was a rather anti-climactic coda to a sixty-year, strenuous, Crown-directed effort to reform, revive, and reconfi gure the Portuguese empire, a non sequitur after approximately three hundred years of unceasing interaction -bonds forged in the crucible of maritime discovery, conquest, settlement, slavery, war, and commercebetween Portugal and the continents bordering and archipelagos dotting the Atlantic Ocean. It would be astounding if a political edifi ce buttressed by culture, religion, coercive power, capital, and personnel collapsed vertiginously, its debris vanished without leaving a trace, and its centuries-old connections were eviscerated, all by the time formal declarations of independence were made, recognized, and enshrined in international law. But that impression is precisely the one that a reader 9781107018975int_p1-16.indd 1 9781107018975int_p1-16.indd 1</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2346449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b26dcb1bb4485b281f2514c92ddc39a6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38216724,"asset_id":2346449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38216724/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1602832" href="https://umaine.academia.edu/GabrielPaquette">Gabriel Paquette</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1602832" type="text/json">{"id":1602832,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Paquette","domain_name":"umaine","page_name":"GabrielPaquette","display_name":"Gabriel Paquette","profile_url":"https://umaine.academia.edu/GabrielPaquette?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1602832/560489/105020933/s65_gabriel.paquette.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2346449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2346449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2346449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2346449", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2346449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2346449; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2346449"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2346449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2346449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2346449; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2346449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2346449").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2346449").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2346449"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies">Brazilian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3827" type="text/json">{"id":3827,"name":"Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3986" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_History">Brazilian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3986" type="text/json">{"id":3986,"name":"Brazilian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4121" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_World">Atlantic World</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4121" type="text/json">{"id":4121,"name":"Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_World?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2346449]'), work: {"id":2346449,"title":"Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770-1850 [2013]","created_at":"2013-01-01T04:26:43.801-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2346449/Imperial_Portugal_in_the_Age_of_Atlantic_Revolutions_The_Luso_Brazilian_World_c_1770_1850_2013_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_2346449","summary":"This book traces the history of Portugal and its overseas dominions from approximately 1770 until just before 1850. Historians generally refer to this period as the \"Age of Revolution (s),\" when the imperial institutions, non-state networks, and commercial circuits knitting the early modern Atlantic World together became unraveled and new polities and connections, formal and informal, emerged from the ruins. In its Luso-Atlantic variant, the principal thrust of scholarly research has concerned the processes -long-term preconditions, medium-term precipitants, and short-term triggers -which culminated in Brazil's formal, political independence in the early 1820s. Historians have noted and analyzed how the timing, nature, and extent of Brazil's separation from Portugal differed from the processes by which British North America, French Saint-Domingue, and Spanish America wrested sovereignty from their respective metropoles. Yet there have been surprisingly few attempts to de-center the process of imperial breakdown, challenge its inevitability and completeness, explore the repercussions of decolonization in Portugal, trace empire's lingering political impact in Brazil, or challenge the appropriateness of the \"Age of Revolution (s)\" as an interpretive framework. These gaps, and the historiographical silence concerning these absences, are curious and provocative. After all, Brazil's independence was a rather anti-climactic coda to a sixty-year, strenuous, Crown-directed effort to reform, revive, and reconfi gure the Portuguese empire, a non sequitur after approximately three hundred years of unceasing interaction -bonds forged in the crucible of maritime discovery, conquest, settlement, slavery, war, and commercebetween Portugal and the continents bordering and archipelagos dotting the Atlantic Ocean. It would be astounding if a political edifi ce buttressed by culture, religion, coercive power, capital, and personnel collapsed vertiginously, its debris vanished without leaving a trace, and its centuries-old connections were eviscerated, all by the time formal declarations of independence were made, recognized, and enshrined in international law. But that impression is precisely the one that a reader 9781107018975int_p1-16.indd 1 9781107018975int_p1-16.indd 1","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38216724,"asset_id":2346449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1602832,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Paquette","domain_name":"umaine","page_name":"GabrielPaquette","display_name":"Gabriel Paquette","profile_url":"https://umaine.academia.edu/GabrielPaquette?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1602832/560489/105020933/s65_gabriel.paquette.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":3827,"name":"Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":3986,"name":"Brazilian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":4121,"name":"Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_World?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":4131,"name":"Transatlantic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transatlantic_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4723,"name":"Imperial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperial_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6195,"name":"Portuguese Colonialism and Decolonizaton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Colonialism_and_Decolonizaton?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6868,"name":"Luso-Afro-Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luso-Afro-Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7948,"name":"The Lusophone World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Lusophone_World?f_ri=7088"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":18727,"name":"History of Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Imperialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20742,"name":"The Age of Revolutions in the Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Age_of_Revolutions_in_the_Atlantic_World?f_ri=7088"},{"id":27533,"name":"Atlantic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":39492,"name":"Decolonisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decolonisation?f_ri=7088"},{"id":45246,"name":"Colonial Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Latin_American_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":50276,"name":"História do Brasil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_Brasil?f_ri=7088"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":73964,"name":"Spanish American Independence, Society and Politics 19th Century Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_American_Independence_Society_and_Politics_19th_Century_Latin_America?f_ri=7088"},{"id":77281,"name":"Decolonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decolonization?f_ri=7088"},{"id":109868,"name":"Early Modern Atlantic World (1500-1815)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Atlantic_World_1500-1815_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":146374,"name":"Reformas Borbónicas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reformas_Borbonicas?f_ri=7088"},{"id":444784,"name":"Ilustração","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ilustra%C3%A7%C3%A3o?f_ri=7088"},{"id":563938,"name":"História de Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Portugal?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44224894 coauthored" data-work_id="44224894" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44224894/Monarchy_and_Liberalism_in_Spain_The_Building_of_the_Nation_State_1780_1931">Monarchy and Liberalism in Spain: The Building of the Nation-State, 1780-1931</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44224894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24ed6028d2e6894791e48a1b04a26525" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64592864,"asset_id":44224894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64592864/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7798569" href="https://pucmm.academia.edu/CarolinaArmenteros">Carolina Armenteros</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7798569" type="text/json">{"id":7798569,"first_name":"Carolina","last_name":"Armenteros","domain_name":"pucmm","page_name":"CarolinaArmenteros","display_name":"Carolina Armenteros","profile_url":"https://pucmm.academia.edu/CarolinaArmenteros?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7798569/22301605/167329197/s65_carolina.armenteros.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-44224894">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-44224894"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://usc-es.academia.edu/MargaritaBarralMart%C3%ADnez">Margarita Barral-Martínez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-44224894'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-44224894').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44224894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44224894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44224894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44224894", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44224894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44224894; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44224894"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44224894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44224894"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44224894; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44224894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44224894").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44224894").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44224894"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies">Iberian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4154" type="text/json">{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6880" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History">Spanish History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6880" type="text/json">{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century">Nineteenth Century</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24768" type="text/json">{"id":24768,"name":"Nineteenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44224894]'), work: {"id":44224894,"title":"Monarchy and Liberalism in Spain: The Building of the Nation-State, 1780-1931","created_at":"2020-10-04T02:52:23.772-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44224894/Monarchy_and_Liberalism_in_Spain_The_Building_of_the_Nation_State_1780_1931?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_44224894","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64592864,"asset_id":44224894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7798569,"first_name":"Carolina","last_name":"Armenteros","domain_name":"pucmm","page_name":"CarolinaArmenteros","display_name":"Carolina Armenteros","profile_url":"https://pucmm.academia.edu/CarolinaArmenteros?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7798569/22301605/167329197/s65_carolina.armenteros.jpg"},{"id":174137528,"first_name":"Margarita","last_name":"Barral-Martínez","domain_name":"usc-es","page_name":"MargaritaBarralMartínez","display_name":"Margarita Barral-Martínez","profile_url":"https://usc-es.academia.edu/MargaritaBarralMart%C3%ADnez?f_ri=7088","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":24768,"name":"Nineteenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":26983,"name":"Liberalism and Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism_and_Republicanism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":32741,"name":"Iberian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":34425,"name":"Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monarchy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":192626,"name":"Spanish Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Monarchy?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12383904" data-work_id="12383904" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12383904/Romantic_Liberalism_in_Spain_and_Portugal_c_1825_50_2015_">Romantic Liberalism in Spain and Portugal, c. 1825-50 [2015]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12383904" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3e2c26de1e2ddd8492fdbff1fc7f69b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37635112,"asset_id":12383904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37635112/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1602832" href="https://umaine.academia.edu/GabrielPaquette">Gabriel Paquette</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1602832" type="text/json">{"id":1602832,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Paquette","domain_name":"umaine","page_name":"GabrielPaquette","display_name":"Gabriel Paquette","profile_url":"https://umaine.academia.edu/GabrielPaquette?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1602832/560489/105020933/s65_gabriel.paquette.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12383904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12383904"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12383904, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12383904", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12383904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12383904; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12383904"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12383904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12383904"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12383904; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12383904]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12383904").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12383904").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12383904"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History">Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135" type="text/json">{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="668" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature">Spanish Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="668" type="text/json">{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanticism">Romanticism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1258" type="text/json">{"id":1258,"name":"Romanticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanticism?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies">Portuguese Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2222" type="text/json">{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12383904]'), work: {"id":12383904,"title":"Romantic Liberalism in Spain and Portugal, c. 1825-50 [2015]","created_at":"2015-05-14T09:52:37.434-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12383904/Romantic_Liberalism_in_Spain_and_Portugal_c_1825_50_2015_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_12383904","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37635112,"asset_id":12383904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1602832,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Paquette","domain_name":"umaine","page_name":"GabrielPaquette","display_name":"Gabriel Paquette","profile_url":"https://umaine.academia.edu/GabrielPaquette?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1602832/560489/105020933/s65_gabriel.paquette.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1258,"name":"Romanticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanticism?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2326,"name":"Nineteenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=7088"},{"id":19457,"name":"Portuguese Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20742,"name":"The Age of Revolutions in the Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Age_of_Revolutions_in_the_Atlantic_World?f_ri=7088"},{"id":406514,"name":"Almeida Garrett","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Almeida_Garrett?f_ri=7088"},{"id":649492,"name":"Re-imagining Democracy 18th-19th Centuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Re-imagining_Democracy_18th-19th_Centuries?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1207339,"name":"Intellectual History of Iberian World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Iberian_World?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38673099" data-work_id="38673099" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38673099/SL_05_The_Baker_Rifle_and_the_Early_Campaigns_of_the_95th_Rifles">SL-05 The Baker Rifle and the Early Campaigns of the 95th Rifles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">SHORNCLIFFE LECTURES BOOK 5 Book 5 of the Shorncliffe Lectures series explores the development of the Baker Rifle and the Experimental Corps of Riflemen of Colonel Coote-Manningham that became the 95th Rifles. This was the first permanent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38673099" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">SHORNCLIFFE LECTURES BOOK 5<br />Book 5 of the Shorncliffe Lectures series explores the development of the Baker Rifle and the Experimental Corps of Riflemen of Colonel Coote-Manningham that became the 95th Rifles. This was the first permanent light infantry and completely rifle armed regiment in the British Army. There are 20 Maps, 27 Orders of Battle (OOBs), 93 Tables and over 110 illustrations including 56 of rifles, sword bayonets and bayonets. The themes of the book are:-<br />  1. The origins (Chapter 1) and formation (Chapter 8) of the 95th Rifles as the Experimental Corps of Riflemen under Colonel Coote Manningham. <br />  2. The development of the Baker Rifle and its use (Chapters 2-6), <br />  3. The barracks (Chapter 7), the training in Essex, Kent and Sussex (Chapter 8, 10, 14-15), their drilling of the  Volunteer Riflemen (Chapter 16) and the formation of the 2/95th in Canterbury on 1805 (Chapter 17). <br />  4. The early campaigns over the first seven years of their existence (Chapters 9, 11-12 and 18-20), and their campaign medals (Chapter 21).<br />  5. Selected articles from the Regulations for the Rifle Corps (Chapter 22) and the Shorncliffe Lectures of 1803 are printed in full (Chapter 23).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38673099" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="738e71def6e379921873718df30031cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58753765,"asset_id":38673099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58753765/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13799" href="https://lboro.academia.edu/StephenSummerfield">Stephen Summerfield</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13799" type="text/json">{"id":13799,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Summerfield","domain_name":"lboro","page_name":"StephenSummerfield","display_name":"Stephen Summerfield","profile_url":"https://lboro.academia.edu/StephenSummerfield?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13799/4628/115774/s65_stephen.summerfield.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38673099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38673099"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38673099, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38673099", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38673099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38673099; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38673099"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38673099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38673099"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38673099; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38673099]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38673099").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38673099").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38673099"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History">British History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2324" type="text/json">{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9813" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina">Argentina</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9813" type="text/json">{"id":9813,"name":"Argentina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38673099]'), work: {"id":38673099,"title":"SL-05 The Baker Rifle and the Early Campaigns of the 95th Rifles","created_at":"2019-03-31T03:07:57.193-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38673099/SL_05_The_Baker_Rifle_and_the_Early_Campaigns_of_the_95th_Rifles?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_38673099","summary":"SHORNCLIFFE LECTURES BOOK 5\nBook 5 of the Shorncliffe Lectures series explores the development of the Baker Rifle and the Experimental Corps of Riflemen of Colonel Coote-Manningham that became the 95th Rifles. This was the first permanent light infantry and completely rifle armed regiment in the British Army. There are 20 Maps, 27 Orders of Battle (OOBs), 93 Tables and over 110 illustrations including 56 of rifles, sword bayonets and bayonets. The themes of the book are:-\n 1.\tThe origins (Chapter 1) and formation (Chapter 8) of the 95th Rifles as the Experimental Corps of Riflemen under Colonel Coote Manningham. \n 2.\tThe development of the Baker Rifle and its use (Chapters 2-6), \n 3.\tThe barracks (Chapter 7), the training in Essex, Kent and Sussex (Chapter 8, 10, 14-15), their drilling of the Volunteer Riflemen (Chapter 16) and the formation of the 2/95th in Canterbury on 1805 (Chapter 17). \n 4.\tThe early campaigns over the first seven years of their existence (Chapters 9, 11-12 and 18-20), and their campaign medals (Chapter 21).\n 5.\tSelected articles from the Regulations for the Rifle Corps (Chapter 22) and the Shorncliffe Lectures of 1803 are printed in full (Chapter 23). \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58753765,"asset_id":38673099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13799,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Summerfield","domain_name":"lboro","page_name":"StephenSummerfield","display_name":"Stephen Summerfield","profile_url":"https://lboro.academia.edu/StephenSummerfield?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13799/4628/115774/s65_stephen.summerfield.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":9813,"name":"Argentina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12567,"name":"Napoleonic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_Wars?f_ri=7088"},{"id":171648,"name":"Firearms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firearms?f_ri=7088"},{"id":267022,"name":"Black Powder Firearms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Powder_Firearms?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1851987,"name":"Shorncliffe Lectures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shorncliffe_Lectures?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3092659" data-work_id="3092659" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3092659/Napoleons_German_Division_in_Spain_Volume_1">Napoleon's German Division in Spain Volume 1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">See Review by Robert Burnham <br /><a href="http://napoleon-series.org/reviews/military/c_GermanDivision.html" rel="nofollow">http://napoleon-series.org/reviews/military/c_GermanDivision.html</a> <br />262 pages. 17 color uniform plates. 11 color maps. 11 black and white maps.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3092659" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c553b381ffa18c5cde4c30dde15c544" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31023270,"asset_id":3092659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31023270/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13799" href="https://lboro.academia.edu/StephenSummerfield">Stephen Summerfield</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13799" type="text/json">{"id":13799,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Summerfield","domain_name":"lboro","page_name":"StephenSummerfield","display_name":"Stephen Summerfield","profile_url":"https://lboro.academia.edu/StephenSummerfield?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13799/4628/115774/s65_stephen.summerfield.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3092659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3092659"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3092659, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3092659", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3092659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3092659"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3092659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3092659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3092659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3092659").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3092659").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3092659"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6880" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History">Spanish History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6880" type="text/json">{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12567" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12567" type="text/json">{"id":12567,"name":"Napoleonic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_Wars?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3092659]'), work: {"id":3092659,"title":"Napoleon's German Division in Spain Volume 1","created_at":"2013-03-23T23:26:57.429-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3092659/Napoleons_German_Division_in_Spain_Volume_1?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_3092659","summary":"See Review by Robert Burnham\r\nhttp://napoleon-series.org/reviews/military/c_GermanDivision.html\r\n262 pages. 17 color uniform plates. 11 color maps. 11 black and white maps. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31023270,"asset_id":3092659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13799,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Summerfield","domain_name":"lboro","page_name":"StephenSummerfield","display_name":"Stephen Summerfield","profile_url":"https://lboro.academia.edu/StephenSummerfield?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13799/4628/115774/s65_stephen.summerfield.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":12567,"name":"Napoleonic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_Wars?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":184725,"name":"Peninsular War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peninsular_War?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43811285 coauthored" data-work_id="43811285" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43811285/Andrew_Devereux_Review_of_The_Captive_Sea">Andrew Devereux: Review of The Captive Sea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Another chapter offers up to Milton scholars the discovery, laid out in abundant citations, of a new source for Paradise Lost. The figure of Satan, we find, with all the conflicts and contrivances, is none other than Alberti's Momus,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43811285" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Another chapter offers up to Milton scholars the discovery, laid out in abundant citations, of a new source for Paradise Lost. The figure of Satan, we find, with all the conflicts and contrivances, is none other than Alberti's Momus, unnoticed even by David Quint. What does this say about the Puritan poet? And whose side is he on, in giving us such an engaging adversary, a Satan who is also ( pace Christopher Hill) the poet in disguise? By the time we get to Jonathan Swift, in view of the secularizing trend, literary criticism begins to share the field with religious doubt; and siding with Howard Weinbrot rather than Phillip Harth, Mc-Clure proposes the Tale of a Tub and the Battle of the Books as two prongs in a single attack on religion and learning. No wonder Momus is touted as the god of criticism in a digression on the subject appended by the author to the 1710 edition. The equation of frank speech with modernity rounds out the modernist portion here and also (we are told) completes the historical picture left unfinished by Michel Foucault in his 1983 Berkeley lectures on frank speech which omitted the Momus figure entirely.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43811285" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="338ea1a50d161a3543e3d30400724c98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64135252,"asset_id":43811285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64135252/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="649585" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/DanielHershenzon">Daniel Hershenzon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="649585" type="text/json">{"id":649585,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Hershenzon","domain_name":"uconn","page_name":"DanielHershenzon","display_name":"Daniel Hershenzon","profile_url":"https://uconn.academia.edu/DanielHershenzon?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/649585/2841755/3317824/s65_daniel.hershenzon.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43811285">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43811285"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/AndrewDevereux">Andrew Devereux</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43811285'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43811285').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43811285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43811285"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43811285, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43811285", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43811285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43811285; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43811285"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43811285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43811285"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43811285; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43811285]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43811285").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43811285").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43811285"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43811285]'), work: {"id":43811285,"title":"Andrew Devereux: Review of The Captive Sea","created_at":"2020-08-08T12:58:35.201-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43811285/Andrew_Devereux_Review_of_The_Captive_Sea?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_43811285","summary":"Another chapter offers up to Milton scholars the discovery, laid out in abundant citations, of a new source for Paradise Lost. The figure of Satan, we find, with all the conflicts and contrivances, is none other than Alberti's Momus, unnoticed even by David Quint. What does this say about the Puritan poet? And whose side is he on, in giving us such an engaging adversary, a Satan who is also ( pace Christopher Hill) the poet in disguise? By the time we get to Jonathan Swift, in view of the secularizing trend, literary criticism begins to share the field with religious doubt; and siding with Howard Weinbrot rather than Phillip Harth, Mc-Clure proposes the Tale of a Tub and the Battle of the Books as two prongs in a single attack on religion and learning. No wonder Momus is touted as the god of criticism in a digression on the subject appended by the author to the 1710 edition. The equation of frank speech with modernity rounds out the modernist portion here and also (we are told) completes the historical picture left unfinished by Michel Foucault in his 1983 Berkeley lectures on frank speech which omitted the Momus figure entirely.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64135252,"asset_id":43811285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":649585,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Hershenzon","domain_name":"uconn","page_name":"DanielHershenzon","display_name":"Daniel Hershenzon","profile_url":"https://uconn.academia.edu/DanielHershenzon?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/649585/2841755/3317824/s65_daniel.hershenzon.jpg"},{"id":244565,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Devereux","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"AndrewDevereux","display_name":"Andrew Devereux","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/AndrewDevereux?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/244565/53033/157353722/s65_andrew.devereux.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6283,"name":"History of Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6952,"name":"Mediterranean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7664,"name":"Religious Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Conversion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15131,"name":"Cultural Intermediaries In The Early Modern Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Intermediaries_In_The_Early_Modern_Mediterranean?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":52849,"name":"History of Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Commerce?f_ri=7088"},{"id":104797,"name":"Histoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":385234,"name":"Political Economy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_and_History?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49358408" data-work_id="49358408" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49358408/A_Missionary_Nation_Race_Religion_and_Spains_Age_of_Liberal_Imperialism_1841_1881">A Missionary Nation: Race, Religion, and Spain's Age of Liberal Imperialism, 1841-1881</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A Missionary Nation focuses on Spain’s crusade to resurrect its empire, beginning with the so-called War of Africa. Fought in Morocco between 1859 and 1860, the campaign involved more than forty-five thousand troops and led to a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49358408" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A Missionary Nation focuses on Spain’s crusade to resurrect its empire, beginning with the so-called War of Africa. Fought in Morocco between 1859 and 1860, the campaign involved more than forty-five thousand troops and led to a long-lasting Spanish engagement in North Africa. With popular support, the government backed French invasions of Indochina and Mexico, and many veteran soldiers from the African war were reenlisted in the brutal and protracted conflict following the reannexation of the Dominican Republic in 1861. In addition, expeditions to West Africa built a colonial presence in and around the island of Fernando Po.<br /><br />Few works in English have examined the impact of these nineteenth-century imperial ventures on Spanish identity, notions of race, and culture. Agents of empire—from journalists and diplomats to soldiers, spies, and clerics—took up the mantle of the “civilizing mission” and pushed back against those who resisted militarized occupations. In turn, a gendered, racialized rhetoric became a linchpin of Spain’s growing involvement in North Africa and the Caribbean in the 1850s and 1860s.<br /><br />A Missionary Nation interrogates the legacy of Hispanic identities from multiple axes, as former colonies were annexed and others were occupied, tying together strands of European, Mediterranean, and Atlantic histories in the second age of global imperialism. It challenges the prevailing notion that secular ideologies alone informed imperial narratives in Europe. Liberal Spain attempted to reconstruct its great empire of old, but the entangled issues of nationalism, race, and religion frustrated its efforts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49358408" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f7359936fac280d7114452d82835775" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67733732,"asset_id":49358408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67733732/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29548745" href="https://creighton.academia.edu/ScottEastman">Scott Eastman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29548745" type="text/json">{"id":29548745,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Eastman","domain_name":"creighton","page_name":"ScottEastman","display_name":"Scott Eastman","profile_url":"https://creighton.academia.edu/ScottEastman?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29548745/8478345/46050183/s65_scott.eastman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49358408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49358408"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49358408, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49358408", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49358408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49358408; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49358408"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49358408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49358408"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49358408; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49358408]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49358408").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49358408").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49358408"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6564" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_History">Mexico History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6564" type="text/json">{"id":6564,"name":"Mexico History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19041" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominican_History">Dominican History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19041" type="text/json">{"id":19041,"name":"Dominican History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominican_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49358408]'), work: {"id":49358408,"title":"A Missionary Nation: Race, Religion, and Spain's Age of Liberal Imperialism, 1841-1881","created_at":"2021-06-24T13:48:06.008-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49358408/A_Missionary_Nation_Race_Religion_and_Spains_Age_of_Liberal_Imperialism_1841_1881?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_49358408","summary":"A Missionary Nation focuses on Spain’s crusade to resurrect its empire, beginning with the so-called War of Africa. Fought in Morocco between 1859 and 1860, the campaign involved more than forty-five thousand troops and led to a long-lasting Spanish engagement in North Africa. With popular support, the government backed French invasions of Indochina and Mexico, and many veteran soldiers from the African war were reenlisted in the brutal and protracted conflict following the reannexation of the Dominican Republic in 1861. In addition, expeditions to West Africa built a colonial presence in and around the island of Fernando Po.\n\nFew works in English have examined the impact of these nineteenth-century imperial ventures on Spanish identity, notions of race, and culture. Agents of empire—from journalists and diplomats to soldiers, spies, and clerics—took up the mantle of the “civilizing mission” and pushed back against those who resisted militarized occupations. In turn, a gendered, racialized rhetoric became a linchpin of Spain’s growing involvement in North Africa and the Caribbean in the 1850s and 1860s.\n\nA Missionary Nation interrogates the legacy of Hispanic identities from multiple axes, as former colonies were annexed and others were occupied, tying together strands of European, Mediterranean, and Atlantic histories in the second age of global imperialism. It challenges the prevailing notion that secular ideologies alone informed imperial narratives in Europe. Liberal Spain attempted to reconstruct its great empire of old, but the entangled issues of nationalism, race, and religion frustrated its efforts.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67733732,"asset_id":49358408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29548745,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Eastman","domain_name":"creighton","page_name":"ScottEastman","display_name":"Scott Eastman","profile_url":"https://creighton.academia.edu/ScottEastman?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29548745/8478345/46050183/s65_scott.eastman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6564,"name":"Mexico History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":19041,"name":"Dominican History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominican_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":23835,"name":"Contemporary Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26896,"name":"Modern Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":28507,"name":"History of Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=7088"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":148721,"name":"European Imperialism and Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Imperialism_and_Colonialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":164867,"name":"Spanish Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Colonialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9238146" data-work_id="9238146" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9238146/A_Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_C%C3%A1diz_an%C3%A1lise_da_Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Pol%C3%ADtica_da_Monarquia_Espanhola_de_1812">A Constituição de Cádiz: análise da Constituição Política da Monarquia Espanhola de 1812</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A Constituição Política da Monarquia Espanhola, de 19 de março de 1812, seria conhecida na Espanha como a Constituição de Cádiz. Sua elaboração precoce fez da Espanha um dos primeiros países do mundo a ter sua Constituição escrita. Ela... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9238146" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A Constituição Política da Monarquia Espanhola, de 19 de março de 1812, seria conhecida na Espanha como a Constituição de Cádiz. Sua elaboração precoce fez da Espanha um dos primeiros países do mundo a ter sua Constituição escrita. Ela foi o resultado da luta organizada pela sociedade espanhola contra o Imperador Bonaparte e se tornaria o bastião do liberalismo durante a década de 1820 em todo o Ocidente, influenciando países europeus e americanos que lutavam pelo constitucionalismo e a limitação da monarquia. A França, longa aliada, havia coagido a dinastia reinante a entregar a coroa em 1808. A resposta da população foi a resistência organizada. O invasor estrangeiro seria recebido por uma população pronta para o enfrentamento – que resultaria, inclusive, na primeira derrota de Bonaparte em terra –, e por uma elite preparada para organizar um movimento político que culminaria no texto constitucional.<br />Influenciada pelas experiências francesas e americanas, a Constituição de Cádiz foi um texto liberal. Suas normas estabeleciam a democracia representativa por meio de um sufrágio de quatro graus. Ao contrário das tendências da época, poucos requisitos existiam quanto a rendas ou propriedades. Os espanhóis escolheriam seus representantes, e a eleição seria feita com mais liberdade do que as constituições antecedentes haviam permitido.<br />A influência sobre a Constituição, no entanto, não foi só a da ruptura e da separação em busca da liberdade. A Constituição de Cádiz também foi marcada pela experiência inglesa, pelo desejo de manter instituições estáveis, respeitando a história e a tradição. Não é por acaso que o seu preâmbulo enuncia que as cortes estavam restabelecendo as antigas leis fundamentais da monarquia, acompanhadas das mudanças oportunas – alterações muito amplas, influenciadas pelo liberalismo. Não seria esquecido o respeito às leis medievais e às tradições do povo. A norma não foi uma simples reação ao sistema anterior, não negaria as suas instituições históricas. Como proferiram os deputados espanhóis, havia séculos as antigas leis já eram a Constituição da Espanha, que agora seria escrita e modificada para atender às necessidades contemporâneas.<br />Sob os auspícios das ideias dessas três influências – invasão estrangeira, liberalismo francês e respeito ao passado – se reuniriam os deputados, cerca de trezentos. Quase um terço desse grupo era de membros do clero. Os advogados e os servidores públicos formavam um grupo de cerca de cinquenta membros cada, e os militares eram quase quarenta. Os demais grupos sociais eram fracamente representados. Os trabalhos foram conturbados. As discussões envolviam os principais temas do liberalismo, que precisavam ser adaptados para a realidade da Espanha. A Constituição de Cádiz precisaria reger um país sitiado, que manteria o sistema monárquico, era muito religioso, temia um caos como o criado pela Revolução Francesa e, no entanto, almejava criar uma das normas mais liberais e democráticas do seu tempo.<br />O produto dos trabalhos foi o estabelecimento de uma monarquia constitucional moderada, amplamente limitada pelo principal órgão de representação – as cortes. Esse legislativo, por sua vez, passaria a ser o centro de emanação das leis e das principais decisões da Espanha. Uma profunda igualdade entre os espanhóis foi estabelecida, e apesar de tantos membros do clero, a Igreja perdeu quase todos os seus privilégios, ao lado das demais classes distinguidas anteriormente. Muitos foram os avanços: a liberdade de imprensa, o fim dos tormentos, os direitos individuais à liberdade e à educação, a jurisdição unificada no Estado, o fim das corporações de ofício, a igualdade entre americanos e europeus, a representação proporcional à população, e por fim, a submissão igualitária de todos à Constituição e à lei.<br />Com a queda de Napoleão em 1814 e a formação da Santa Aliança, a restauração da monarquia teria lugar em toda a Europa, e também na Espanha. A Constituição de Cádiz cairia apenas dois anos depois de viger, com a volta do rei destituído. Os reis voltavam à política com poderes semelhantes aos do passado. Devido à guerra e ao curto período de vigência, especialistas afirmam terem existido poucos efeitos concretos das normas gaditanas sobre a sociedade nesses primeiros dois anos.<br />A história da norma espanhola não seria tão lembrada se tivesse vigido apenas esses dois anos iniciais. Através da vontade popular e do exército, a Constituição seria reposta em vigência para o chamado Triênio Liberal, entre 1820 e 1823. Nesse período a inspiração foi grande para todo o mundo ocidental: ela era a mais influente Constituição liberal vigendo na Europa. Os outros países haviam voltado a ser governados por monarcas centralizadores do poder político. O liberalismo que restava havia sido restringido na Europa. Na França, governava novamente um Bourbon, apesar das limitações impostas. Por sua história de criação e por ser um bastião de resistência liberal durante a restauração, o texto espanhol foi, então, admirado por outros revolucionários que buscavam os mesmos ideais. A Constituição de Cádiz, a partir desse momento, se tornaria um estandarte de liberdade e fonte de inspiração na busca por igualdade. Na Itália e em Portugal, ela seria mais do que um farol, seria proclamada Constituição, e foi fonte de influência profunda no início das vidas constitucionais desses países.<br />A influência da Constituição de Cádiz no Brasil foi motivada pela sua importância para o liberalismo durante o Triênio Liberal (1820 a 1823) – coincidente com os anos da independência e da elaboração da primeira Constituição no Brasil (1822 a 1824). A importância do texto espanhol para a história de Portugal e a Revolução de 1820 também foram fatores para que o texto fosse relevante nas origens da independência brasileira. Enquanto a ligação do Brasil com Portugal era forte, a enorme influência espanhola sobre os portugueses gerou efeitos também no Brasil.<br />Apesar da sua documentada história de influências sobre diversas nações ocidentais europeias e americanas, a Constituição de Cádiz é pouco estudada nos seus efeitos sobre a América Portuguesa. Esta é inspiração do presente trabalho: conhecer as normas liberais espanholas e analisar a extensão da sua influência sobre o Brasil. No primeiro capítulo é feito o estudo do contexto e do teor da Constituição de Cádiz. O escopo é apresentar de maneira sistemática todo o texto da Constituição – com seus trezentos e oitenta e quatro artigos, sendo os mais importantes transcritos nas referências para facilitar a consulta.<br />O método principal é a pesquisa qualitativa em fontes primárias históricas e em normas. Ao lado das fontes primárias, o acesso aos doutrinadores de Direito Constitucional e História do Direito são utilizados para contextualizar o ambiente e verificar os efeitos jurídicos sobre a norma na Europa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9238146" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="44dc61b77f2a4d20e143b69ee278f84a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66067321,"asset_id":9238146,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66067321/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13012090" href="https://furg.academia.edu/WagnerFeloniuk">Wagner Feloniuk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13012090" type="text/json">{"id":13012090,"first_name":"Wagner","last_name":"Feloniuk","domain_name":"furg","page_name":"WagnerFeloniuk","display_name":"Wagner Feloniuk","profile_url":"https://furg.academia.edu/WagnerFeloniuk?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13012090/3675060/4308543/s65_wagner.silveira_feloniuk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9238146 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9238146"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9238146, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9238146", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9238146 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9238146; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9238146"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9238146 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9238146"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9238146; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9238146]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9238146").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9238146").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9238146"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">27</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies">Portuguese Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2222" type="text/json">{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9238146]'), work: {"id":9238146,"title":"A Constituição de Cádiz: análise da Constituição Política da Monarquia Espanhola de 1812","created_at":"2014-11-10T19:24:05.659-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9238146/A_Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_C%C3%A1diz_an%C3%A1lise_da_Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Pol%C3%ADtica_da_Monarquia_Espanhola_de_1812?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_9238146","summary":"A Constituição Política da Monarquia Espanhola, de 19 de março de 1812, seria conhecida na Espanha como a Constituição de Cádiz. Sua elaboração precoce fez da Espanha um dos primeiros países do mundo a ter sua Constituição escrita. Ela foi o resultado da luta organizada pela sociedade espanhola contra o Imperador Bonaparte e se tornaria o bastião do liberalismo durante a década de 1820 em todo o Ocidente, influenciando países europeus e americanos que lutavam pelo constitucionalismo e a limitação da monarquia. A França, longa aliada, havia coagido a dinastia reinante a entregar a coroa em 1808. A resposta da população foi a resistência organizada. O invasor estrangeiro seria recebido por uma população pronta para o enfrentamento – que resultaria, inclusive, na primeira derrota de Bonaparte em terra –, e por uma elite preparada para organizar um movimento político que culminaria no texto constitucional.\nInfluenciada pelas experiências francesas e americanas, a Constituição de Cádiz foi um texto liberal. Suas normas estabeleciam a democracia representativa por meio de um sufrágio de quatro graus. Ao contrário das tendências da época, poucos requisitos existiam quanto a rendas ou propriedades. Os espanhóis escolheriam seus representantes, e a eleição seria feita com mais liberdade do que as constituições antecedentes haviam permitido.\nA influência sobre a Constituição, no entanto, não foi só a da ruptura e da separação em busca da liberdade. A Constituição de Cádiz também foi marcada pela experiência inglesa, pelo desejo de manter instituições estáveis, respeitando a história e a tradição. Não é por acaso que o seu preâmbulo enuncia que as cortes estavam restabelecendo as antigas leis fundamentais da monarquia, acompanhadas das mudanças oportunas – alterações muito amplas, influenciadas pelo liberalismo. Não seria esquecido o respeito às leis medievais e às tradições do povo. A norma não foi uma simples reação ao sistema anterior, não negaria as suas instituições históricas. Como proferiram os deputados espanhóis, havia séculos as antigas leis já eram a Constituição da Espanha, que agora seria escrita e modificada para atender às necessidades contemporâneas.\nSob os auspícios das ideias dessas três influências – invasão estrangeira, liberalismo francês e respeito ao passado – se reuniriam os deputados, cerca de trezentos. Quase um terço desse grupo era de membros do clero. Os advogados e os servidores públicos formavam um grupo de cerca de cinquenta membros cada, e os militares eram quase quarenta. Os demais grupos sociais eram fracamente representados. Os trabalhos foram conturbados. As discussões envolviam os principais temas do liberalismo, que precisavam ser adaptados para a realidade da Espanha. A Constituição de Cádiz precisaria reger um país sitiado, que manteria o sistema monárquico, era muito religioso, temia um caos como o criado pela Revolução Francesa e, no entanto, almejava criar uma das normas mais liberais e democráticas do seu tempo.\nO produto dos trabalhos foi o estabelecimento de uma monarquia constitucional moderada, amplamente limitada pelo principal órgão de representação – as cortes. Esse legislativo, por sua vez, passaria a ser o centro de emanação das leis e das principais decisões da Espanha. Uma profunda igualdade entre os espanhóis foi estabelecida, e apesar de tantos membros do clero, a Igreja perdeu quase todos os seus privilégios, ao lado das demais classes distinguidas anteriormente. Muitos foram os avanços: a liberdade de imprensa, o fim dos tormentos, os direitos individuais à liberdade e à educação, a jurisdição unificada no Estado, o fim das corporações de ofício, a igualdade entre americanos e europeus, a representação proporcional à população, e por fim, a submissão igualitária de todos à Constituição e à lei.\nCom a queda de Napoleão em 1814 e a formação da Santa Aliança, a restauração da monarquia teria lugar em toda a Europa, e também na Espanha. A Constituição de Cádiz cairia apenas dois anos depois de viger, com a volta do rei destituído. Os reis voltavam à política com poderes semelhantes aos do passado. Devido à guerra e ao curto período de vigência, especialistas afirmam terem existido poucos efeitos concretos das normas gaditanas sobre a sociedade nesses primeiros dois anos.\nA história da norma espanhola não seria tão lembrada se tivesse vigido apenas esses dois anos iniciais. Através da vontade popular e do exército, a Constituição seria reposta em vigência para o chamado Triênio Liberal, entre 1820 e 1823. Nesse período a inspiração foi grande para todo o mundo ocidental: ela era a mais influente Constituição liberal vigendo na Europa. Os outros países haviam voltado a ser governados por monarcas centralizadores do poder político. O liberalismo que restava havia sido restringido na Europa. Na França, governava novamente um Bourbon, apesar das limitações impostas. Por sua história de criação e por ser um bastião de resistência liberal durante a restauração, o texto espanhol foi, então, admirado por outros revolucionários que buscavam os mesmos ideais. A Constituição de Cádiz, a partir desse momento, se tornaria um estandarte de liberdade e fonte de inspiração na busca por igualdade. Na Itália e em Portugal, ela seria mais do que um farol, seria proclamada Constituição, e foi fonte de influência profunda no início das vidas constitucionais desses países.\nA influência da Constituição de Cádiz no Brasil foi motivada pela sua importância para o liberalismo durante o Triênio Liberal (1820 a 1823) – coincidente com os anos da independência e da elaboração da primeira Constituição no Brasil (1822 a 1824). A importância do texto espanhol para a história de Portugal e a Revolução de 1820 também foram fatores para que o texto fosse relevante nas origens da independência brasileira. Enquanto a ligação do Brasil com Portugal era forte, a enorme influência espanhola sobre os portugueses gerou efeitos também no Brasil.\nApesar da sua documentada história de influências sobre diversas nações ocidentais europeias e americanas, a Constituição de Cádiz é pouco estudada nos seus efeitos sobre a América Portuguesa. Esta é inspiração do presente trabalho: conhecer as normas liberais espanholas e analisar a extensão da sua influência sobre o Brasil. No primeiro capítulo é feito o estudo do contexto e do teor da Constituição de Cádiz. O escopo é apresentar de maneira sistemática todo o texto da Constituição – com seus trezentos e oitenta e quatro artigos, sendo os mais importantes transcritos nas referências para facilitar a consulta.\nO método principal é a pesquisa qualitativa em fontes primárias históricas e em normas. Ao lado das fontes primárias, o acesso aos doutrinadores de Direito Constitucional e História do Direito são utilizados para contextualizar o ambiente e verificar os efeitos jurídicos sobre a norma na Europa.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66067321,"asset_id":9238146,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13012090,"first_name":"Wagner","last_name":"Feloniuk","domain_name":"furg","page_name":"WagnerFeloniuk","display_name":"Wagner Feloniuk","profile_url":"https://furg.academia.edu/WagnerFeloniuk?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13012090/3675060/4308543/s65_wagner.silveira_feloniuk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3827,"name":"Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3986,"name":"Brazilian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5249,"name":"European Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Constitutionalism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":19787,"name":"Colonial Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Brazil?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":24809,"name":"Brazilian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Law?f_ri=7088"},{"id":30471,"name":"Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":43930,"name":"Constitutional History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":51907,"name":"Direito Constitucional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Constitucional?f_ri=7088"},{"id":59678,"name":"Derecho constitucional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_constitucional?f_ri=7088"},{"id":141992,"name":"Constitution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitution?f_ri=7088"},{"id":230121,"name":"Cortes de Cádiz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortes_de_C%C3%A1diz?f_ri=7088"},{"id":249683,"name":"Cádiz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C%C3%A1diz?f_ri=7088"},{"id":266226,"name":"Constituionalism and Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constituionalism_and_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=7088"},{"id":397113,"name":"Historia de Cádiz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_Cadiz?f_ri=7088"},{"id":553624,"name":"Constitución de Cádiz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitucion_de_Cadiz?f_ri=7088"},{"id":628181,"name":"Cortes de Cádiz e Independencias America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortes_de_Cadiz_e_Independencias_America?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38448901" data-work_id="38448901" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38448901/Fern%C3%A3o_Mendes_Pinto_web_pdf">Fernão Mendes Pinto_web.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Introdução geral multimédia à "Peregrinação" de Fernão Mendes Pinto para estudantes de literaturas lusófonas e, especialmente, da literatura de viagens do Renascimento na Europa.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38448901" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dcb0ad8bad5809eb1b95282196e1163a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58511585,"asset_id":38448901,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58511585/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="121777" href="https://uvigo.academia.edu/BurghardBaltrusch">Burghard Baltrusch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="121777" type="text/json">{"id":121777,"first_name":"Burghard","last_name":"Baltrusch","domain_name":"uvigo","page_name":"BurghardBaltrusch","display_name":"Burghard Baltrusch","profile_url":"https://uvigo.academia.edu/BurghardBaltrusch?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121777/32621/127271857/s65_burghard.baltrusch.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38448901 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38448901"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38448901, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38448901", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38448901 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38448901; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38448901"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38448901 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38448901"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38448901; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38448901]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38448901").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38448901").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38448901"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature">Portuguese and Brazilian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="666" type="text/json">{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies">Portuguese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2222" type="text/json">{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4916" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion">Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4916" type="text/json">{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38448901]'), work: {"id":38448901,"title":"Fernão Mendes Pinto_web.pdf","created_at":"2019-02-27T07:08:34.812-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38448901/Fern%C3%A3o_Mendes_Pinto_web_pdf?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_38448901","summary":"Introdução geral multimédia à \"Peregrinação\" de Fernão Mendes Pinto para estudantes de literaturas lusófonas e, especialmente, da literatura de viagens do Renascimento na Europa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58511585,"asset_id":38448901,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":121777,"first_name":"Burghard","last_name":"Baltrusch","domain_name":"uvigo","page_name":"BurghardBaltrusch","display_name":"Burghard Baltrusch","profile_url":"https://uvigo.academia.edu/BurghardBaltrusch?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121777/32621/127271857/s65_burghard.baltrusch.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6195,"name":"Portuguese Colonialism and Decolonizaton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Colonialism_and_Decolonizaton?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":19457,"name":"Portuguese Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":106785,"name":"Renascimento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renascimento?f_ri=7088"},{"id":131443,"name":"Literatura Portuguesa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_Portuguesa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":492055,"name":"Descobrimentos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Descobrimentos?f_ri=7088"},{"id":534757,"name":"Literatura de Viagem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_de_Viagem?f_ri=7088"},{"id":596140,"name":"Literatura de viajes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_de_viajes?f_ri=7088"},{"id":726221,"name":"Literatura Portuguesa Do Renascimento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_Portuguesa_Do_Renascimento?f_ri=7088"},{"id":770598,"name":"Fernão Mendes Pinto","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fernao_Mendes_Pinto?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1169075,"name":"Historia Y Cronicas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Y_Cronicas?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1448703,"name":"Historia Dos Descobrimentos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Dos_Descobrimentos?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2596855,"name":"História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria_dos_Descobrimentos_Portugueses?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2607916" data-work_id="2607916" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2607916/Mulheres_medievais_hist%C3%B3rias_de_proveito_e_exemplo">Mulheres medievais: histórias de proveito e exemplo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As heroínas das novelas medievais, a rainha Genebra, Isolda, ou mesmo a mais ibérica Oriana, a Sem Par, transportam-nos para um mundo imaginário onde, embora a violência espreite a cada esquina (ou em cada ponte, ou atrás de cada árvore... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2607916" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As heroínas das novelas medievais, a rainha Genebra, Isolda, ou mesmo a mais ibérica Oriana, a Sem Par, transportam-nos para um mundo imaginário onde, embora a violência espreite a cada esquina (ou em cada ponte, ou atrás de cada árvore da floresta), as regras cavaleirescas da cortesia são o modelo seguido ou demandado pelos mais nobres, entendendo aqui o termo no sentido social etimológico -os da nobreza -e no sentido moral que o primitivo sentido etimológico fez posteriormente nascer. A função modelar deste imaginário, que Georges Duby acaba por reconhecer quando afirma que a literatura medieval profana, nomeadamente a novela de cavalaria, não pode ser explicada apenas como mero reflexo dos valores da sociedade feudal em que surge, mas também como aspiração a valores futuros 2 , essa função de modelo é, de resto, bem explicada, em finais do século XV, por Garcí de Montalvo, no final da introdução à sua versão do Amadis de Gaula. Reflectindo sobre o contraste entre os sucessos reais e as "histórias fingidas em que se acham coisas admiráveis fora da ordem da natureza que mais por nome de patranhas que de crónicas com muita razão devem ser tidas e chamadas" pergunta: "que tomaremos de umas e de outras? Por certo, a meu ver, outra cousa não salvo os bons exemplos" para que, acrescenta um pouco mais adiante, os "tomemos como asas com que as nossas almas subam à alteza da glória para que foram criadas" 3 . É também sobre histórias de proveito e exemplo ou sobre este confronto do imaginário com o real, no que ao universo feminino medieval diz respeito, que me irei debruçar, de forma necessariamente muito breve, no que se segue.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2607916" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="526e36a161f08c8a3b97aba2aca62399" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30618111,"asset_id":2607916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30618111/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="317179" href="https://unl-pt.academia.edu/gra%C3%A7avideiralopes">Graça Videira Lopes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="317179" type="text/json">{"id":317179,"first_name":"Graça Videira","last_name":"Lopes","domain_name":"unl-pt","page_name":"graçavideiralopes","display_name":"Graça Videira Lopes","profile_url":"https://unl-pt.academia.edu/gra%C3%A7avideiralopes?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/317179/78378/101278/s65_gra_a_videira.lopes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2607916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2607916"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2607916, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2607916", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2607916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2607916; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2607916"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2607916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2607916"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2607916; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2607916]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2607916").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2607916").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2607916"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1726" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History">Women's History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1726" type="text/json">{"id":1726,"name":"Women's History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2607916]'), work: {"id":2607916,"title":"Mulheres medievais: histórias de proveito e exemplo","created_at":"2013-02-19T04:47:06.938-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2607916/Mulheres_medievais_hist%C3%B3rias_de_proveito_e_exemplo?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_2607916","summary":"As heroínas das novelas medievais, a rainha Genebra, Isolda, ou mesmo a mais ibérica Oriana, a Sem Par, transportam-nos para um mundo imaginário onde, embora a violência espreite a cada esquina (ou em cada ponte, ou atrás de cada árvore da floresta), as regras cavaleirescas da cortesia são o modelo seguido ou demandado pelos mais nobres, entendendo aqui o termo no sentido social etimológico -os da nobreza -e no sentido moral que o primitivo sentido etimológico fez posteriormente nascer. A função modelar deste imaginário, que Georges Duby acaba por reconhecer quando afirma que a literatura medieval profana, nomeadamente a novela de cavalaria, não pode ser explicada apenas como mero reflexo dos valores da sociedade feudal em que surge, mas também como aspiração a valores futuros 2 , essa função de modelo é, de resto, bem explicada, em finais do século XV, por Garcí de Montalvo, no final da introdução à sua versão do Amadis de Gaula. Reflectindo sobre o contraste entre os sucessos reais e as \"histórias fingidas em que se acham coisas admiráveis fora da ordem da natureza que mais por nome de patranhas que de crónicas com muita razão devem ser tidas e chamadas\" pergunta: \"que tomaremos de umas e de outras? Por certo, a meu ver, outra cousa não salvo os bons exemplos\" para que, acrescenta um pouco mais adiante, os \"tomemos como asas com que as nossas almas subam à alteza da glória para que foram criadas\" 3 . É também sobre histórias de proveito e exemplo ou sobre este confronto do imaginário com o real, no que ao universo feminino medieval diz respeito, que me irei debruçar, de forma necessariamente muito breve, no que se segue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30618111,"asset_id":2607916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":317179,"first_name":"Graça Videira","last_name":"Lopes","domain_name":"unl-pt","page_name":"graçavideiralopes","display_name":"Graça Videira Lopes","profile_url":"https://unl-pt.academia.edu/gra%C3%A7avideiralopes?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/317179/78378/101278/s65_gra_a_videira.lopes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1726,"name":"Women's History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11948059" data-work_id="11948059" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11948059/Dietrich_Wolf_Noll_Volker_orgs_2004_O_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Brasil_Perspectivas_da_pesquisa_atual_Madrid_Frankfurt_Iberoamericana_Vervuert_In_Revista_Internacional_de_Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_Iberoamericana_6_1_2005_216_219">Dietrich, Wolf / Noll, Volker (orgs.). 2004. O Português do Brasil. Perspectivas da pesquisa atual. Madrid/Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert. In: Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana 6/1. 2005. 216-219</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11948059" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a5786ab11d9299ff6bb6fe65424886e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37307393,"asset_id":11948059,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37307393/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11163046" href="https://uni-augsburg.academia.edu/MiguelGuti%C3%A9rrezMat%C3%A9">Miguel Gutiérrez Maté</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11163046" type="text/json">{"id":11163046,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Gutiérrez Maté","domain_name":"uni-augsburg","page_name":"MiguelGutiérrezMaté","display_name":"Miguel Gutiérrez Maté","profile_url":"https://uni-augsburg.academia.edu/MiguelGuti%C3%A9rrezMat%C3%A9?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11163046/3291724/3873666/s65_miguel.guti_rrez_mat_.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11948059 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11948059"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11948059, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11948059", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11948059 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11948059; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11948059"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11948059 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11948059"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11948059; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11948059]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11948059").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11948059").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11948059"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="118666" type="text/json">{"id":118666,"name":"Brazilian Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Portuguese?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11948059]'), work: {"id":11948059,"title":"Dietrich, Wolf / Noll, Volker (orgs.). 2004. O Português do Brasil. Perspectivas da pesquisa atual. Madrid/Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert. In: Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana 6/1. 2005. 216-219","created_at":"2015-04-14T13:42:18.635-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11948059/Dietrich_Wolf_Noll_Volker_orgs_2004_O_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Brasil_Perspectivas_da_pesquisa_atual_Madrid_Frankfurt_Iberoamericana_Vervuert_In_Revista_Internacional_de_Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_Iberoamericana_6_1_2005_216_219?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_11948059","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37307393,"asset_id":11948059,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11163046,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Gutiérrez Maté","domain_name":"uni-augsburg","page_name":"MiguelGutiérrezMaté","display_name":"Miguel Gutiérrez Maté","profile_url":"https://uni-augsburg.academia.edu/MiguelGuti%C3%A9rrezMat%C3%A9?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11163046/3291724/3873666/s65_miguel.guti_rrez_mat_.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":118666,"name":"Brazilian Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Portuguese?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12083005" data-work_id="12083005" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12083005/Las_cinco_cabezas_del_nacionalismo_ib%C3%A9rico">Las cinco cabezas del nacionalismo ibérico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This paper looks at the strikingly parallel development of five distinct projects of nationalist mobilization(Catalan, Basque Galician, Portuguese, and Castilian)  within the Iberian Peninsula during  the first quarter of the 20th century.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12083005" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8a1f56de3d1b62f9aff50db5c5c2f9b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37403759,"asset_id":12083005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37403759/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14882892" href="https://trincoll.academia.edu/tharrington">Thomas S Harrington</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14882892" type="text/json">{"id":14882892,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Harrington","domain_name":"trincoll","page_name":"tharrington","display_name":"Thomas S Harrington","profile_url":"https://trincoll.academia.edu/tharrington?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14882892/4374029/18897223/s65_thomas.harrington.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12083005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12083005"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12083005, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12083005", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12083005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12083005; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12083005"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12083005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12083005"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12083005; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12083005]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12083005").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12083005").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12083005"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="668" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature">Spanish Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="668" type="text/json">{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalan_Studies">Catalan Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1173" type="text/json">{"id":1173,"name":"Catalan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalan_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1715" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basque_Studies">Basque Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1715" type="text/json">{"id":1715,"name":"Basque Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basque_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies">Portuguese Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2222" type="text/json">{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12083005]'), work: {"id":12083005,"title":"Las cinco cabezas del nacionalismo ibérico","created_at":"2015-04-23T10:17:21.941-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12083005/Las_cinco_cabezas_del_nacionalismo_ib%C3%A9rico?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_12083005","summary":"This paper looks at the strikingly parallel development of five distinct projects of nationalist mobilization(Catalan, Basque Galician, Portuguese, and Castilian) within the Iberian Peninsula during the first quarter of the 20th century. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37403759,"asset_id":12083005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14882892,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Harrington","domain_name":"trincoll","page_name":"tharrington","display_name":"Thomas S Harrington","profile_url":"https://trincoll.academia.edu/tharrington?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14882892/4374029/18897223/s65_thomas.harrington.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1173,"name":"Catalan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalan_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1715,"name":"Basque Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basque_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2255,"name":"Galician Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galician_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2544,"name":"Spanish Literature (Peninsular)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature_Peninsular_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10495,"name":"Nationalism And State Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism_And_State_Building?f_ri=7088"},{"id":16917,"name":"Catalan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalan_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":21136,"name":"Basque History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basque_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":28508,"name":"History of Nationalism and Nation-Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nationalism_and_Nation-Building?f_ri=7088"},{"id":37681,"name":"Portugal (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7088"},{"id":176360,"name":"Galicia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galicia?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73423149" data-work_id="73423149" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73423149/Estudios_sobre_la_relaci%C3%B3n_entre_gram%C3%A1tica_y_lengua_diversidad_unidad_y_m%C3%A9todos">Estudios sobre la relación entre gramática y lengua: diversidad, unidad y métodos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Tomada como una de las marcas más expresivas del comportamiento metalingüístico occidental, la gramatización representa, en términos de Auroux (2014), una revolución tecnológica que tiene como objetivo describir e instrumentar una lengua... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73423149" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Tomada como una de las marcas más expresivas del comportamiento metalingüístico occidental, la gramatización representa, en términos de Auroux (2014), una revolución tecnológica que tiene como objetivo describir e instrumentar una lengua con el fin de construir su conocimiento metalingüístico. Desde una perspectiva glotopolítica, se ha observado que los instrumentos gramaticales resultan de una intervención política sobre la lengua, cuyo propósito es estandarizarla, es decir, crear un modelo lingüístico que permita tratar la lengua como un objeto social reconocido y delimitado socialmente. De esta forma, se hace posible identificar diferentes comunidades lingüísticas (LAGARES, 2018).<br />En este sentido, Coseriu (1990) ya había demostrado que la discusión en torno a una norma ejemplar parte de la percepción de que la lengua está organizada simultáneamente por dos universales básicos: el de la creatividad y el de la alteridad. Si, por un lado, el uso del lenguaje es libre y creativo, aportándole innovación y diversificación; por otro lado, usamos la lengua considerando la relación con el “otro”. Esta percepción de la alteridad nos conduce, a su vez, a un uso más común, uniforme y constante. Es en este ir y venir donde se encuentra la gramática, proponiendo muchas veces una norma ejemplar. Naturalmente, ella se guiará por la percepción de un idioma común y, en consecuencia, puede generar conflicto con el rasgo variable de la lengua, no siempre considerado en sus páginas.<br />La propuesta de este monográfico nos inserta en esta discusión, ya que pretende reunir trabajos que reflexionen sobre la relación entre la gramática y la lengua, abordando, más específicamente, el lugar de la diversidad y/o unidad lingüística en dicha interacción. También serán bienvenidos los estudios que se centren en las opciones teóricas y metodológicas que ayudan a comprender los desafíos del proceso de gramatización de las lenguas y su contribución a la descripción y a su enseñanza.<br />En este sentido, esperamos promover diálogos sobre esta temática entre investigadores e investigadoras de diferentes áreas de los estudios del lenguaje, tales como Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Lingüística Histórica, Historiografía de la Lingüística, Glotopolítica, Lingüística de Corpus, Lingüística Comparada, Lingüística Aplicada, entre otras.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73423149" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c364111c8ac307483583228848c26d69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81950404,"asset_id":73423149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81950404/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18133039" href="https://ufu.academia.edu/LeandroSilveiradeAraujo">Leandro Silveira de Araujo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18133039" type="text/json">{"id":18133039,"first_name":"Leandro","last_name":"Silveira de Araujo","domain_name":"ufu","page_name":"LeandroSilveiradeAraujo","display_name":"Leandro Silveira de Araujo","profile_url":"https://ufu.academia.edu/LeandroSilveiradeAraujo?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18133039/5605660/16173205/s65_leandro.silveira_de_araujo.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73423149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73423149"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73423149, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73423149", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73423149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73423149; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73423149"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73423149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73423149"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73423149; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73423149]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73423149").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73423149").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73423149"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2524" type="text/json">{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography">Historiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3524" type="text/json">{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13638" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Grammar">Spanish Grammar</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13638" type="text/json">{"id":13638,"name":"Spanish Grammar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Grammar?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73423149]'), work: {"id":73423149,"title":"Estudios sobre la relación entre gramática y lengua: diversidad, unidad y métodos","created_at":"2022-03-09T12:28:35.718-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73423149/Estudios_sobre_la_relaci%C3%B3n_entre_gram%C3%A1tica_y_lengua_diversidad_unidad_y_m%C3%A9todos?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_73423149","summary":"Tomada como una de las marcas más expresivas del comportamiento metalingüístico occidental, la gramatización representa, en términos de Auroux (2014), una revolución tecnológica que tiene como objetivo describir e instrumentar una lengua con el fin de construir su conocimiento metalingüístico. Desde una perspectiva glotopolítica, se ha observado que los instrumentos gramaticales resultan de una intervención política sobre la lengua, cuyo propósito es estandarizarla, es decir, crear un modelo lingüístico que permita tratar la lengua como un objeto social reconocido y delimitado socialmente. De esta forma, se hace posible identificar diferentes comunidades lingüísticas (LAGARES, 2018).\nEn este sentido, Coseriu (1990) ya había demostrado que la discusión en torno a una norma ejemplar parte de la percepción de que la lengua está organizada simultáneamente por dos universales básicos: el de la creatividad y el de la alteridad. Si, por un lado, el uso del lenguaje es libre y creativo, aportándole innovación y diversificación; por otro lado, usamos la lengua considerando la relación con el “otro”. Esta percepción de la alteridad nos conduce, a su vez, a un uso más común, uniforme y constante. Es en este ir y venir donde se encuentra la gramática, proponiendo muchas veces una norma ejemplar. Naturalmente, ella se guiará por la percepción de un idioma común y, en consecuencia, puede generar conflicto con el rasgo variable de la lengua, no siempre considerado en sus páginas.\nLa propuesta de este monográfico nos inserta en esta discusión, ya que pretende reunir trabajos que reflexionen sobre la relación entre la gramática y la lengua, abordando, más específicamente, el lugar de la diversidad y/o unidad lingüística en dicha interacción. También serán bienvenidos los estudios que se centren en las opciones teóricas y metodológicas que ayudan a comprender los desafíos del proceso de gramatización de las lenguas y su contribución a la descripción y a su enseñanza.\nEn este sentido, esperamos promover diálogos sobre esta temática entre investigadores e investigadoras de diferentes áreas de los estudios del lenguaje, tales como Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Lingüística Histórica, Historiografía de la Lingüística, Glotopolítica, Lingüística de Corpus, Lingüística Comparada, Lingüística Aplicada, entre otras.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81950404,"asset_id":73423149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18133039,"first_name":"Leandro","last_name":"Silveira de Araujo","domain_name":"ufu","page_name":"LeandroSilveiradeAraujo","display_name":"Leandro Silveira de Araujo","profile_url":"https://ufu.academia.edu/LeandroSilveiradeAraujo?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18133039/5605660/16173205/s65_leandro.silveira_de_araujo.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":13638,"name":"Spanish Grammar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Grammar?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":95162,"name":"Grammar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grammar?f_ri=7088"},{"id":98726,"name":"Língua Portuguesa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/L%C3%ADngua_Portuguesa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":333518,"name":"Gramática","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram%C3%A1tica?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8097293" data-work_id="8097293" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8097293/Mateus_%C3%81lvares_o_falso_D_Sebasti%C3%A3o">Mateus Álvares – o falso D. Sebastião</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8097293" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3be50ab01cf40cb22e95414129341b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34546472,"asset_id":8097293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34546472/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="834371" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoMiguelNogueira">Francisco Miguel Nogueira</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="834371" type="text/json">{"id":834371,"first_name":"Francisco Miguel","last_name":"Nogueira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranciscoMiguelNogueira","display_name":"Francisco Miguel Nogueira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoMiguelNogueira?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/834371/292538/21053335/s65_francisco_miguel.nogueira.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8097293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8097293"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8097293, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8097293", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8097293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8097293; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8097293"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8097293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8097293"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8097293; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8097293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8097293").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8097293").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8097293"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="471456" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Azores_history">Azores history</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="471456" type="text/json">{"id":471456,"name":"Azores history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Azores_history?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8097293]'), work: {"id":8097293,"title":"Mateus Álvares – o falso D. Sebastião","created_at":"2014-08-26T19:25:24.003-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8097293/Mateus_%C3%81lvares_o_falso_D_Sebasti%C3%A3o?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_8097293","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34546472,"asset_id":8097293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":834371,"first_name":"Francisco Miguel","last_name":"Nogueira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranciscoMiguelNogueira","display_name":"Francisco Miguel Nogueira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoMiguelNogueira?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/834371/292538/21053335/s65_francisco_miguel.nogueira.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":471456,"name":"Azores history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Azores_history?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12275185" data-work_id="12275185" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12275185/Portugal_y_Espa%C3%B1a_encuentros_y_desencuentros_1640_2002_">Portugal y España encuentros y desencuentros (1640-2002)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El traumático divorcio de 1640 produjo secuelas en ambas países ibéricos o peninsulares: en España condujo a un continuado complejo de amputación, que frecuentemente se tradujo en una práctica política destinada a ahogar la independencia... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12275185" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El traumático divorcio de 1640 produjo secuelas en ambas países ibéricos o peninsulares: en España condujo a un continuado complejo de amputación, que frecuentemente se tradujo en una práctica política destinada a ahogar la independencia de Portugal, y del otro lado en intentos igualmente hostiles e hispanófobos. El Pacto Ibérico de postguerra fue una alianza defensiva destinada, en el arden interno, a conservar las dictaduras y, en el externo, a impedir la restauración democrática. Sólo el establecimiento de sistemas constitucionales en ambos estados a permitido, con la integración en las mismas alianzas políticas-económicas y militares, encauzar inteligentemente las discrepancias y establecer cauces d cooperación basados en los intereses comunes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12275185" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cbe454958e468a8c99e9cc4e63846f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37567937,"asset_id":12275185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37567937/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30360475" href="https://urv.academia.edu/JosepS%C3%A1nchezCervell%C3%B3">Josep Sánchez Cervelló</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30360475" type="text/json">{"id":30360475,"first_name":"Josep","last_name":"Sánchez Cervelló","domain_name":"urv","page_name":"JosepSánchezCervelló","display_name":"Josep Sánchez Cervelló","profile_url":"https://urv.academia.edu/JosepS%C3%A1nchezCervell%C3%B3?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30360475/8802029/9827823/s65_josep.s_nchez_cervell_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12275185 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12275185"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12275185, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12275185", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12275185 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12275185; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12275185"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12275185 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12275185"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12275185; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12275185]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12275185").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12275185").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12275185"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="249231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea_de_Espa%C3%B1a">Historia Contemporánea de España</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="249231" type="text/json">{"id":249231,"name":"Historia Contemporánea de España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea_de_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12275185]'), work: {"id":12275185,"title":"Portugal y España encuentros y desencuentros (1640-2002)","created_at":"2015-05-07T04:23:44.859-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12275185/Portugal_y_Espa%C3%B1a_encuentros_y_desencuentros_1640_2002_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_12275185","summary":"El traumático divorcio de 1640 produjo secuelas en ambas países ibéricos o peninsulares: en España condujo a un continuado complejo de amputación, que frecuentemente se tradujo en una práctica política destinada a ahogar la independencia de Portugal, y del otro lado en intentos igualmente hostiles e hispanófobos. El Pacto Ibérico de postguerra fue una alianza defensiva destinada, en el arden interno, a conservar las dictaduras y, en el externo, a impedir la restauración democrática. Sólo el establecimiento de sistemas constitucionales en ambos estados a permitido, con la integración en las mismas alianzas políticas-económicas y militares, encauzar inteligentemente las discrepancias y establecer cauces d cooperación basados en los intereses comunes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37567937,"asset_id":12275185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30360475,"first_name":"Josep","last_name":"Sánchez Cervelló","domain_name":"urv","page_name":"JosepSánchezCervelló","display_name":"Josep Sánchez Cervelló","profile_url":"https://urv.academia.edu/JosepS%C3%A1nchezCervell%C3%B3?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30360475/8802029/9827823/s65_josep.s_nchez_cervell_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":249231,"name":"Historia Contemporánea de España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea_de_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6844200" data-work_id="6844200" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6844200/Fernando_Pessoa_em_Espanha">Fernando Pessoa em Espanha</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">COMISSÁRIOS Antonio Sáez Delgado Jerónimo Pizarro TEXTOS Antonio Sáez Delgado Diego Giménez Jerónimo Pizarro Manuela Parreira da Silva Pablo Javier Pérez López INVESTIGAÇÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA Antonio Sáez Delgado Jerónimo... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6844200" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">COMISSÁRIOS <br />Antonio Sáez Delgado <br />Jerónimo Pizarro <br /> <br />TEXTOS <br />Antonio Sáez Delgado <br />Diego Giménez <br />Jerónimo Pizarro <br />Manuela Parreira da Silva <br />Pablo Javier Pérez López <br /> <br />INVESTIGAÇÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA <br />Antonio Sáez Delgado <br />Jerónimo Pizarro <br /> <br />CATALOGAÇÃO <br />Gina Guedes Rafael <br />Fátima Lopes <br /> <br />CAPA <br />Fernando Pessoa. 1935. Fot. Augusto Ferreira Gomes. <br />A última fotografi a de F. P. [Col. Maria da Graça Queiroz] <br /> <br />EXPOSIÇÃO <br />Maquetagem e Montagem <br />Serviço de Atividades Culturais <br /> <br />DESIGN E PRÉ -IMPRESSÃO <br />TVM designers</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6844200" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9cc1f02e26bd6540b9aacf92b3e914ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33541018,"asset_id":6844200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33541018/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1591546" href="https://uniandes.academia.edu/JeronimoPizarro">Jerónimo Pizarro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1591546" type="text/json">{"id":1591546,"first_name":"Jerónimo","last_name":"Pizarro","domain_name":"uniandes","page_name":"JeronimoPizarro","display_name":"Jerónimo Pizarro","profile_url":"https://uniandes.academia.edu/JeronimoPizarro?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1591546/557398/18719123/s65_jer_nimo.pizarro.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6844200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6844200"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6844200, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6844200", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6844200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6844200; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6844200"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6844200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6844200"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6844200; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6844200]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6844200").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6844200").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6844200"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature">Portuguese and Brazilian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="666" type="text/json">{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies">Portuguese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2222" type="text/json">{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6844200]'), work: {"id":6844200,"title":"Fernando Pessoa em Espanha","created_at":"2014-04-23T01:29:09.394-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6844200/Fernando_Pessoa_em_Espanha?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_6844200","summary":"COMISSÁRIOS\r\nAntonio Sáez Delgado\r\nJerónimo Pizarro\r\n\r\nTEXTOS\r\nAntonio Sáez Delgado\r\nDiego Giménez\r\nJerónimo Pizarro\r\nManuela Parreira da Silva\r\nPablo Javier Pérez López\r\n\r\nINVESTIGAÇÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA\r\nAntonio Sáez Delgado\r\nJerónimo Pizarro\r\n\r\nCATALOGAÇÃO\r\nGina Guedes Rafael\r\nFátima Lopes\r\n\r\nCAPA\r\nFernando Pessoa. 1935. Fot. Augusto Ferreira Gomes.\r\nA última fotografi a de F. P. [Col. Maria da Graça Queiroz]\r\n\r\nEXPOSIÇÃO\r\nMaquetagem e Montagem\r\nServiço de Atividades Culturais\r\n\r\nDESIGN E PRÉ -IMPRESSÃO\r\nTVM designers","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33541018,"asset_id":6844200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1591546,"first_name":"Jerónimo","last_name":"Pizarro","domain_name":"uniandes","page_name":"JeronimoPizarro","display_name":"Jerónimo Pizarro","profile_url":"https://uniandes.academia.edu/JeronimoPizarro?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1591546/557398/18719123/s65_jer_nimo.pizarro.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":12684,"name":"Fernando Pessoa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fernando_Pessoa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":19457,"name":"Portuguese Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7088"},{"id":106860,"name":"Miguel de Unamuno","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Miguel_de_Unamuno?f_ri=7088"},{"id":120351,"name":"España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088"},{"id":249231,"name":"Historia Contemporánea de España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea_de_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088"},{"id":606863,"name":"Ultraismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultraismo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":697470,"name":"Espanha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espanha?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41658362" data-work_id="41658362" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41658362/Variedades_de_la_lengua_espan_ola">Variedades de la lengua española</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Variedades de la lengua española ofrece un panorama general de la variación dialectal y sociolingüística en el espacio hispanohablante, presentado por uno de los más prestigiosos expertos en la materia. La lectura de este manual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41658362" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Variedades de la lengua española ofrece un panorama general de la variación dialectal y sociolingüística en el espacio hispanohablante, presentado por uno de los más prestigiosos expertos en la materia.<br /><br />La lectura de este manual permitirá familiarizarse con los rasgos que distinguen las diferentes variedades geográficas del español, con una comprensión adicional de las causas históricas y políticas de sus diferencias y de sus implicaciones sociales. Cada capítulo incluye sugerencias de lecturas complementarias y propone temas de debate e investigación, así como un glosario que explica la terminología algo más especializada. Complementariamente, el texto remite a materiales audiovisuales disponibles en la red que permiten una aproximación más directa a las variedades del español.<br /><br />Estas páginas son de interés tanto para los hispanohablantes nativos como para los no nativos interesados por la diversidad dialectal. Asimismo, esta obra puede servir como texto primario, de apoyo o complementario para los estudiantes, el profesorado y los hispanistas interesados por el conocimiento de las variedades geográficas y sociales de la lengua española.<br />Table of Contents<br />Introducción<br /><br />Créditos<br /><br />Signos fonéticos más especializados (Alfabeto Fonético Internacional)<br /><br />Capítulo 1. Lenguas y diversidad<br /><br />Capítulo 2. El español en su historia y su geografía<br /><br />Capítulo 3. Políticas e ideologías lingüísticas del español<br /><br />Capítulo 4. Panorama lingüístico de la península ibérica<br /><br />Capítulo 5. Panorama lingüístico de Iberoamérica<br /><br />Capítulo 6. Variedades del español en España<br /><br />Capítulo 7. Variedades del español en México<br /><br />Capítulo 8. Variedades del español en América Central<br /><br />Capítulo 9. Variedades del español en el Caribe<br /><br />Capítulo 10. Variedades del español en la región de los Andes<br /><br />Capítulo 11. Variedades del español en el Cono Sur<br /><br />Capítulo 12. Variedades del español en los Estados Unidos<br /><br />Capítulo 13. Variedades del español en África y Asia<br /><br />Capítulo 14. Variedades de la lengua española y globalización<br />Francisco Moreno-Fernández es catedrático de Lengua Española en la Universidad de Alcalá (España) y Catedrático Humboldt en la Universidad de Heidelberg (Alemania). Fue el primer director del Observatorio de la lengua española y las culturas hispánicas del Instituto Cervantes en la Universidad de Harvard.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41658362" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f473766b2e798ccc5249b1f5c7134c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61812178,"asset_id":41658362,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61812178/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2774727" href="https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/FranciscoMorenoFern%C3%A1ndez">Francisco Moreno-Fernández</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2774727" type="text/json">{"id":2774727,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Moreno-Fernández","domain_name":"uni-heidelberg","page_name":"FranciscoMorenoFernández","display_name":"Francisco Moreno-Fernández","profile_url":"https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/FranciscoMorenoFern%C3%A1ndez?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2774727/904147/1129961/s65_francisco.moreno_fern_ndez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41658362 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41658362"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41658362, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41658362", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41658362 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41658362; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41658362"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41658362 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41658362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41658362; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41658362]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41658362").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41658362").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41658362"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1238" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish">Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1238" type="text/json">{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology">Dialectology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2167" type="text/json">{"id":2167,"name":"Dialectology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2524" type="text/json">{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41658362]'), work: {"id":41658362,"title":"Variedades de la lengua española","created_at":"2020-01-17T02:16:06.909-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41658362/Variedades_de_la_lengua_espan_ola?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_41658362","summary":"Variedades de la lengua española ofrece un panorama general de la variación dialectal y sociolingüística en el espacio hispanohablante, presentado por uno de los más prestigiosos expertos en la materia.\n\nLa lectura de este manual permitirá familiarizarse con los rasgos que distinguen las diferentes variedades geográficas del español, con una comprensión adicional de las causas históricas y políticas de sus diferencias y de sus implicaciones sociales. Cada capítulo incluye sugerencias de lecturas complementarias y propone temas de debate e investigación, así como un glosario que explica la terminología algo más especializada. Complementariamente, el texto remite a materiales audiovisuales disponibles en la red que permiten una aproximación más directa a las variedades del español.\n\nEstas páginas son de interés tanto para los hispanohablantes nativos como para los no nativos interesados por la diversidad dialectal. Asimismo, esta obra puede servir como texto primario, de apoyo o complementario para los estudiantes, el profesorado y los hispanistas interesados por el conocimiento de las variedades geográficas y sociales de la lengua española.\nTable of Contents\nIntroducción\n\nCréditos\n\nSignos fonéticos más especializados (Alfabeto Fonético Internacional)\n\nCapítulo 1. Lenguas y diversidad\n\nCapítulo 2. El español en su historia y su geografía\n\nCapítulo 3. Políticas e ideologías lingüísticas del español\n\nCapítulo 4. Panorama lingüístico de la península ibérica\n\nCapítulo 5. Panorama lingüístico de Iberoamérica\n\nCapítulo 6. Variedades del español en España\n\nCapítulo 7. Variedades del español en México\n\nCapítulo 8. Variedades del español en América Central\n\nCapítulo 9. Variedades del español en el Caribe\n\nCapítulo 10. Variedades del español en la región de los Andes\n\nCapítulo 11. Variedades del español en el Cono Sur\n\nCapítulo 12. Variedades del español en los Estados Unidos\n\nCapítulo 13. Variedades del español en África y Asia\n\nCapítulo 14. Variedades de la lengua española y globalización\nFrancisco Moreno-Fernández es catedrático de Lengua Española en la Universidad de Alcalá (España) y Catedrático Humboldt en la Universidad de Heidelberg (Alemania). Fue el primer director del Observatorio de la lengua española y las culturas hispánicas del Instituto Cervantes en la Universidad de Harvard.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61812178,"asset_id":41658362,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2774727,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Moreno-Fernández","domain_name":"uni-heidelberg","page_name":"FranciscoMorenoFernández","display_name":"Francisco Moreno-Fernández","profile_url":"https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/FranciscoMorenoFern%C3%A1ndez?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2774727/904147/1129961/s65_francisco.moreno_fern_ndez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2167,"name":"Dialectology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13639,"name":"Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":16509,"name":"Spanish language varieties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_language_varieties?f_ri=7088"},{"id":411582,"name":"History of the spanish language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_spanish_language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":623816,"name":"Dialectología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26828572" data-work_id="26828572" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26828572/Foda_se_o_Neoliberalismo">Foda-se o Neoliberalismo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Isso mesmo, que ele se foda. O neoliberalismo é uma merda. Não precisamos dele.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26828572" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="255c2be1e1471100afe22590452267e6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47101842,"asset_id":26828572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47101842/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="271934" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/SimonSpringer">Simon Springer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="271934" type="text/json">{"id":271934,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Springer","domain_name":"newcastle-au","page_name":"SimonSpringer","display_name":"Simon Springer","profile_url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/SimonSpringer?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/271934/56494/36120073/s65_simon.springer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26828572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26828572"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26828572, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26828572", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26828572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26828572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26828572"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26828572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26828572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26828572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26828572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26828572").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26828572").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26828572"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">55</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature">Portuguese and Brazilian Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="666" type="text/json">{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26828572]'), work: {"id":26828572,"title":"Foda-se o Neoliberalismo","created_at":"2016-07-08T02:20:08.389-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26828572/Foda_se_o_Neoliberalismo?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_26828572","summary":"Isso mesmo, que ele se foda. O neoliberalismo é uma merda. Não precisamos dele.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47101842,"asset_id":26828572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":271934,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Springer","domain_name":"newcastle-au","page_name":"SimonSpringer","display_name":"Simon Springer","profile_url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/SimonSpringer?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/271934/56494/36120073/s65_simon.springer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":827,"name":"Latin Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1456,"name":"Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3347,"name":"Latin American politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_politics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3827,"name":"Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3986,"name":"Brazilian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6195,"name":"Portuguese Colonialism and Decolonizaton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Colonialism_and_Decolonizaton?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12957,"name":"Latin American literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15598,"name":"Portuguese as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":19457,"name":"Portuguese Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20328,"name":"Brazil History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":24176,"name":"Brazilian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Politics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":24809,"name":"Brazilian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Law?f_ri=7088"},{"id":35090,"name":"Literatura brasileira","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_brasileira?f_ri=7088"},{"id":35572,"name":"Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":37681,"name":"Portugal (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":38845,"name":"Portuguese Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7088"},{"id":50276,"name":"História do Brasil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_Brasil?f_ri=7088"},{"id":52480,"name":"Sociologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociologia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":55082,"name":"Ciencia Politica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencia_Politica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=7088"},{"id":65318,"name":"Brasil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brasil?f_ri=7088"},{"id":68819,"name":"Lisbon (Portugal)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lisbon_Portugal_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":70266,"name":"Brazilian Foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Foreign_policy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":73569,"name":"Geografia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geografia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":73982,"name":"Antropología cultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropolog%C3%ADa_cultural?f_ri=7088"},{"id":78364,"name":"São Paulo (Brazil)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Brazil_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":85159,"name":"Antropología Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropolog%C3%ADa_Social?f_ri=7088"},{"id":88935,"name":"Sociología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":92517,"name":"Antropología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":93395,"name":"Geografía Humana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Humana?f_ri=7088"},{"id":98726,"name":"Língua Portuguesa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/L%C3%ADngua_Portuguesa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":102097,"name":"Ensino Língua Portuguesa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ensino_Lingua_Portuguesa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":118666,"name":"Brazilian Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Portuguese?f_ri=7088"},{"id":131443,"name":"Literatura Portuguesa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_Portuguesa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":144491,"name":"Ciencia política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencia_pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":150370,"name":"Geografía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":157969,"name":"Latinoamerica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latinoamerica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":222896,"name":"Portuguese Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":413606,"name":"Geografia Humana (Portugal)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geografia_Humana_Portugal_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":470634,"name":"Portugues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugues?f_ri=7088"},{"id":613505,"name":"Neoliberalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalismo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1197040,"name":"Antropologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropologia?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36441140 coauthored" data-work_id="36441140" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36441140/Sexo_identidad_y_hermafroditas_en_el_mundo_ib%C3%A9rico_1500_1800">Sexo, identidad y hermafroditas en el mundo ibérico, 1500-1800</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Tomando como referencia la geografía cultural del mundo ibérico entre los siglos xvi y xviii, este libro reconstruye un orden de los sexos y de los géneros que funcionó en ese periodo. Este régimen, muy diferente del nuestro, se pone al... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36441140" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Tomando como referencia la geografía cultural del mundo ibérico entre los siglos xvi y xviii, este libro reconstruye un orden de los sexos y de los géneros que funcionó en ese periodo. Este régimen, muy diferente del nuestro, se pone al descubierto atendiendo a sus márgenes, esto es, remitiendo al modo en que eran pensadas figuras como el hermafrodita o los individuos que cambiaban de sexo. Se analizan por una parte las prácticas jurídicas, científicas, artísticas y religiosas en las que estas figuras aparecen involucradas. Por otro lado, a través del estudio de algunos casos ejemplares, como los de Estebanía de Valdaracete, Elena de Céspedes, Catalina de Erauso, el padre Furtado o José Martins, entre otros, se explora este régimen de los sexos siguiéndolo en su funcionamiento concreto, estableciendo los límites de lo pensable pero abriendo al mismo tiempo, a través de sus incoherencias y paradojas, espacios de libertad y creatividad para los sujetos conformados dentro de sus fronteras. Se sigue desde cerca el modo en que este orden contribuyó a producir las masculinidades imperiales que acompañaron a los proyectos de expansión ultramarina de España y Portugal. Por último se examinan las fisuras y el eclipse final de este régimen de los sexos en el tránsito de la Ilustración al Romanticismo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36441140" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fcacabbb19faf6097c9fbcdd9e19b528" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56355439,"asset_id":36441140,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56355439/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="328769" href="https://uca-es.academia.edu/FranciscoGarcia">Francisco Vazquez-Garcia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="328769" type="text/json">{"id":328769,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Vazquez-Garcia","domain_name":"uca-es","page_name":"FranciscoGarcia","display_name":"Francisco Vazquez-Garcia","profile_url":"https://uca-es.academia.edu/FranciscoGarcia?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/328769/95114/43572666/s65_francisco.vazquez-garcia.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36441140">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36441140"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leeds.academia.edu/RichardCleminson">Richard Cleminson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36441140'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36441140').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36441140 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36441140"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36441140, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36441140", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36441140 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36441140; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36441140"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36441140 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36441140"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36441140; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36441140]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36441140").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36441140").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36441140"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1078" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intersexuality">Intersexuality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1078" type="text/json">{"id":1078,"name":"Intersexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intersexuality?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4917" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality">Gender and Sexuality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4917" type="text/json">{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5272" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_">Identity (Culture)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5272" type="text/json">{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6463" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Sexuality">History of Sexuality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6463" type="text/json">{"id":6463,"name":"History of Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Sexuality?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36441140]'), work: {"id":36441140,"title":"Sexo, identidad y hermafroditas en el mundo ibérico, 1500-1800","created_at":"2018-04-18T22:33:40.826-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36441140/Sexo_identidad_y_hermafroditas_en_el_mundo_ib%C3%A9rico_1500_1800?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_36441140","summary":"Tomando como referencia la geografía cultural del mundo ibérico entre los siglos xvi y xviii, este libro reconstruye un orden de los sexos y de los géneros que funcionó en ese periodo. Este régimen, muy diferente del nuestro, se pone al descubierto atendiendo a sus márgenes, esto es, remitiendo al modo en que eran pensadas figuras como el hermafrodita o los individuos que cambiaban de sexo. Se analizan por una parte las prácticas jurídicas, científicas, artísticas y religiosas en las que estas figuras aparecen involucradas. Por otro lado, a través del estudio de algunos casos ejemplares, como los de Estebanía de Valdaracete, Elena de Céspedes, Catalina de Erauso, el padre Furtado o José Martins, entre otros, se explora este régimen de los sexos siguiéndolo en su funcionamiento concreto, estableciendo los límites de lo pensable pero abriendo al mismo tiempo, a través de sus incoherencias y paradojas, espacios de libertad y creatividad para los sujetos conformados dentro de sus fronteras. Se sigue desde cerca el modo en que este orden contribuyó a producir las masculinidades imperiales que acompañaron a los proyectos de expansión ultramarina de España y Portugal. Por último se examinan las fisuras y el eclipse final de este régimen de los sexos en el tránsito de la Ilustración al Romanticismo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56355439,"asset_id":36441140,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":328769,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Vazquez-Garcia","domain_name":"uca-es","page_name":"FranciscoGarcia","display_name":"Francisco Vazquez-Garcia","profile_url":"https://uca-es.academia.edu/FranciscoGarcia?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/328769/95114/43572666/s65_francisco.vazquez-garcia.jpg"},{"id":181771,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Cleminson","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"RichardCleminson","display_name":"Richard Cleminson","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/RichardCleminson?f_ri=7088","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1078,"name":"Intersexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intersexuality?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6463,"name":"History of Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Sexuality?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7045,"name":"Hermaphroditism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hermaphroditism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26896,"name":"Modern Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":585301,"name":"Hermaphrodites History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hermaphrodites_History?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19634246" data-work_id="19634246" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19634246/A_Masonic_pretender_to_the_Hungarian_throne_Fran%C3%A7ois_Claude_Auguste_de_Crouy_Chanel">A Masonic pretender to the Hungarian throne: François Claude Auguste de Crouy-Chanel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present paper focuses on prince François Claude Auguste de Crouy-Chanel (1793-1873). In the balance between comedy and tragedy, he was one the most controversial figure of his time. Born in an aristocratic family, from 1823 to 1839,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19634246" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present paper focuses on prince François Claude Auguste de Crouy-Chanel (1793-1873). In the balance between comedy and tragedy, he was one the most controversial figure of his time. Born in an aristocratic family, from 1823 to 1839, he was involved in a number of conspiracies: at first, he was a financial broker for the Spanish royalists, then he tried to persuade infante Francisco de Paula of Borbon to become emperor of Mexico, finally he plotted with Prince Napoleon III, ten years before his rising as president of the French Republic (1848).<br />Having obtained nothing, he decided to turn his back to France and to go to Italy in 1859. There he spent several years trying to be recognized as the last descendent of Arpad's dynasty, the ancient ruling family of Hungary. In 1865, he also brought an action against Francesco V, former duke of Modena, to obtain his hereditary titles. His arrival was a shock for the Hungarians exiled in Italy: their unity of purposes was irremediably broken, since not everyone welcomed the prince as his future ruler. Among the enthusiasts were Gyorgy Klapka and Albert Nyary, which were also freemasons. Freemasonry was, indeed, another field of action for the prince. Having the 33rd degree since 1818, he had a moral supremacy over the “young” Italian freemasons and for this reason was one of the founders of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite based in Turin (1862). Close to Lodovico Frapolli, which would have been Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy in 1869, he was the first Sovereign Grand Commander until 1864.<br />After losing his action against Francesco V his fortune started rapidly to fade and soon was forced to come back to France where he died in poverty in 1873.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19634246" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d28ebaed4bf7427c69f5a7b35772d5c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40747109,"asset_id":19634246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40747109/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1966910" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DemetrioXoccato">Demetrio Xoccato</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1966910" type="text/json">{"id":1966910,"first_name":"Demetrio","last_name":"Xoccato","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DemetrioXoccato","display_name":"Demetrio Xoccato","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DemetrioXoccato?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1966910/654822/812696/s65_demetrio.xoccato.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19634246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19634246"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19634246, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19634246", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19634246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19634246; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19634246"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19634246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19634246"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19634246; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19634246]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19634246").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19634246").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19634246"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History">French History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1181" type="text/json">{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6880" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History">Spanish History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6880" type="text/json">{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19634246]'), work: {"id":19634246,"title":"A Masonic pretender to the Hungarian throne: François Claude Auguste de Crouy-Chanel","created_at":"2015-12-13T06:29:53.958-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19634246/A_Masonic_pretender_to_the_Hungarian_throne_Fran%C3%A7ois_Claude_Auguste_de_Crouy_Chanel?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_19634246","summary":"The present paper focuses on prince François Claude Auguste de Crouy-Chanel (1793-1873). In the balance between comedy and tragedy, he was one the most controversial figure of his time. Born in an aristocratic family, from 1823 to 1839, he was involved in a number of conspiracies: at first, he was a financial broker for the Spanish royalists, then he tried to persuade infante Francisco de Paula of Borbon to become emperor of Mexico, finally he plotted with Prince Napoleon III, ten years before his rising as president of the French Republic (1848).\nHaving obtained nothing, he decided to turn his back to France and to go to Italy in 1859. There he spent several years trying to be recognized as the last descendent of Arpad's dynasty, the ancient ruling family of Hungary. In 1865, he also brought an action against Francesco V, former duke of Modena, to obtain his hereditary titles. His arrival was a shock for the Hungarians exiled in Italy: their unity of purposes was irremediably broken, since not everyone welcomed the prince as his future ruler. Among the enthusiasts were Gyorgy Klapka and Albert Nyary, which were also freemasons. Freemasonry was, indeed, another field of action for the prince. Having the 33rd degree since 1818, he had a moral supremacy over the “young” Italian freemasons and for this reason was one of the founders of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite based in Turin (1862). Close to Lodovico Frapolli, which would have been Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy in 1869, he was the first Sovereign Grand Commander until 1864.\nAfter losing his action against Francesco V his fortune started rapidly to fade and soon was forced to come back to France where he died in poverty in 1873.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40747109,"asset_id":19634246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1966910,"first_name":"Demetrio","last_name":"Xoccato","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DemetrioXoccato","display_name":"Demetrio Xoccato","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DemetrioXoccato?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1966910/654822/812696/s65_demetrio.xoccato.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":10109,"name":"19th century France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_century_France?f_ri=7088"},{"id":11180,"name":"History of Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Hungary?f_ri=7088"},{"id":17216,"name":"Freemasonry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freemasonry?f_ri=7088"},{"id":18348,"name":"Research into Freemasonry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_into_Freemasonry?f_ri=7088"},{"id":24243,"name":"Risorgimento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risorgimento?f_ri=7088"},{"id":24817,"name":"History of Freemasonry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Freemasonry?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26916,"name":"Spain (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=7088"},{"id":37681,"name":"Portugal (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7088"},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":81896,"name":"Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hungary?f_ri=7088"},{"id":164592,"name":"Italian Risorgimento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Risorgimento?f_ri=7088"},{"id":261517,"name":"Spagna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spagna?f_ri=7088"},{"id":304804,"name":"History of Italian Risorgimento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Italian_Risorgimento?f_ri=7088"},{"id":373968,"name":"Francia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Francia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":425772,"name":"Massoneria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Massoneria?f_ri=7088"},{"id":536147,"name":"Massoneria italiana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Massoneria_italiana?f_ri=7088"},{"id":554395,"name":"History of Hungary and the Habsburg Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Hungary_and_the_Habsburg_Monarchy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":808183,"name":"Storia Del Risorgimento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Del_Risorgimento?f_ri=7088"},{"id":961651,"name":"Risorgimento History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risorgimento_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":980167,"name":"Portogallo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portogallo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1467458,"name":"Storia della Spagna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_della_Spagna?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1467467,"name":"Spagna (Storia)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spagna_Storia_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1559978,"name":"Ungheria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ungheria?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1804138,"name":"Storia Della Massoneria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Della_Massoneria?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38351941" data-work_id="38351941" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38351941/Il_processo_di_democratizzazione_del_Portogallo_e_il_ruolo_della_CEE">Il processo di democratizzazione del Portogallo e il ruolo della CEE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Il ruolo dei partiti portoghesi e della Comunità Europea nel periodo a cavallo tra Rivoluzione dei garofani e accesso alla CEE (1974-1986).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38351941" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7572077f99c46b9f5bee6eb7e3669ac0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58404439,"asset_id":38351941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58404439/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51704564" href="https://uniba-it.academia.edu/VColaprice">Vincenzo Colaprice</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51704564" type="text/json">{"id":51704564,"first_name":"Vincenzo","last_name":"Colaprice","domain_name":"uniba-it","page_name":"VColaprice","display_name":"Vincenzo Colaprice","profile_url":"https://uniba-it.academia.edu/VColaprice?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51704564/14103191/20764560/s65_vincenzo.colaprice.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38351941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38351941"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38351941, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38351941", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38351941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38351941; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38351941"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38351941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38351941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38351941; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38351941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38351941").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38351941").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38351941"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies">Iberian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4154" type="text/json">{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38351941]'), work: {"id":38351941,"title":"Il processo di democratizzazione del Portogallo e il ruolo della CEE","created_at":"2019-02-14T03:24:59.833-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38351941/Il_processo_di_democratizzazione_del_Portogallo_e_il_ruolo_della_CEE?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_38351941","summary":"Il ruolo dei partiti portoghesi e della Comunità Europea nel periodo a cavallo tra Rivoluzione dei garofani e accesso alla CEE (1974-1986).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58404439,"asset_id":38351941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51704564,"first_name":"Vincenzo","last_name":"Colaprice","domain_name":"uniba-it","page_name":"VColaprice","display_name":"Vincenzo Colaprice","profile_url":"https://uniba-it.academia.edu/VColaprice?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51704564/14103191/20764560/s65_vincenzo.colaprice.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=7088"},{"id":27137,"name":"European Union Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":37681,"name":"Portugal (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9954722" data-work_id="9954722" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9954722/Os_Mercadores_da_Liga_Hanse%C3%A1tica_em_Lisboa_na_Viragem_do_s%C3%A9culo_XV_para_o_s%C3%A9culo_XVI">Os Mercadores da Liga Hanseática em Lisboa na Viragem do século XV para o século XVI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Os Mercadores da Liga Hanseática em Lisboa na Viragem do século XV para o século XVI" "Merchants of the Hanseatic League in Lisbon at the turn of the 15th towards the 16th century" Workshop "Comunidades Estrangeiras em Lisboa (Séculos... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9954722" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Os Mercadores da Liga Hanseática em Lisboa na Viragem do século XV para o século XVI"<br />"Merchants of the Hanseatic League in Lisbon at the turn of the 15th towards the 16th century"<br /><br />Workshop <br />"Comunidades Estrangeiras em Lisboa (Séculos XV a XVIII)"<br />"Foreign comunities in Lisbon (15th - 18th centurz)"<br /><br />Lisbon, Portugal<br />21.01.2015</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9954722" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dde8bb073a358ac8a24158114ae70190" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36264418,"asset_id":9954722,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36264418/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2560071" href="https://uni-giessen.academia.edu/TorstendosSantosArnold">Torsten dos Santos Arnold</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2560071" type="text/json">{"id":2560071,"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"dos Santos Arnold","domain_name":"uni-giessen","page_name":"TorstendosSantosArnold","display_name":"Torsten dos Santos Arnold","profile_url":"https://uni-giessen.academia.edu/TorstendosSantosArnold?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2560071/799492/155677921/s65_torsten.dos_santos_arnold.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9954722 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9954722"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9954722, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9954722", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9954722 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9954722; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9954722"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9954722 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9954722"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9954722; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9954722]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9954722").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9954722").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9954722"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History">German History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1729" type="text/json">{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7354" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe">Early Modern Europe</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7354" type="text/json">{"id":7354,"name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9954722]'), work: {"id":9954722,"title":"Os Mercadores da Liga Hanseática em Lisboa na Viragem do século XV para o século XVI","created_at":"2014-12-30T09:20:07.227-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9954722/Os_Mercadores_da_Liga_Hanse%C3%A1tica_em_Lisboa_na_Viragem_do_s%C3%A9culo_XV_para_o_s%C3%A9culo_XVI?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_9954722","summary":"\"Os Mercadores da Liga Hanseática em Lisboa na Viragem do século XV para o século XVI\"\n\"Merchants of the Hanseatic League in Lisbon at the turn of the 15th towards the 16th century\"\n\nWorkshop \n\"Comunidades Estrangeiras em Lisboa (Séculos XV a XVIII)\"\n\"Foreign comunities in Lisbon (15th - 18th centurz)\"\n\nLisbon, Portugal\n21.01.2015","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36264418,"asset_id":9954722,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2560071,"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"dos Santos Arnold","domain_name":"uni-giessen","page_name":"TorstendosSantosArnold","display_name":"Torsten dos Santos Arnold","profile_url":"https://uni-giessen.academia.edu/TorstendosSantosArnold?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2560071/799492/155677921/s65_torsten.dos_santos_arnold.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7354,"name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":19455,"name":"Early Modern economic and social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_economic_and_social_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":27533,"name":"Atlantic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":33535,"name":"Modern German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_German_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":170702,"name":"late medieval and early modern history of European nobility and courts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/late_medieval_and_early_modern_history_of_European_nobility_and_courts?f_ri=7088"},{"id":227686,"name":"Hanseatic League","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hanseatic_League?f_ri=7088"},{"id":231654,"name":"Medieval Economic and Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Economic_and_Social_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":340824,"name":"Hanseatic studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hanseatic_studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":372731,"name":"Early Modern European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_European_History?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1532599" data-work_id="1532599" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1532599/A_Cer%C3%A2mica_do_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar_das_cidades_de_Machico_e_do_Funchal_Dados_Hist%C3%B3ricos_e_Arqueol%C3%B3gicos_para_a_Investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Tecnologia_e_Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar_em_Portugal">A Cerâmica do Açúcar das cidades de Machico e do Funchal. Dados Históricos e Arqueológicos para a Investigação da Tecnologia e Produção do Açúcar em Portugal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The sugar ceramic from the towns of Machico and Funchal. Historical and archaeological data to the Portuguese and sugar production technology research. The present paper mulls over the sugar ceramic question, considering several... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1532599" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The sugar ceramic from the towns of Machico and Funchal. <br />Historical and archaeological data to the Portuguese and sugar <br />production technology research. The present paper mulls over the sugar ceramic question, considering several sugar-moulds types of Madeira Island and Portuguese Mainland. There are discussed the distribution circuits, the historical and archaeological indicators, articulated with technological and typological results.There are mentioned the ceramic functional interpretation models, the terminology question and the results from physical chemical and mineralogical <br />analyses, based on a multi-disciplinary methodology performance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1532599" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39246d22c6be3df67694e74d2c35f4ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":12672416,"asset_id":1532599,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12672416/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1654902" href="https://fcsh-unl.academia.edu/%C3%89lvioSousa">Élvio Sousa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1654902" type="text/json">{"id":1654902,"first_name":"Élvio","last_name":"Sousa","domain_name":"fcsh-unl","page_name":"ÉlvioSousa","display_name":"Élvio Sousa","profile_url":"https://fcsh-unl.academia.edu/%C3%89lvioSousa?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1654902/575043/35411882/s65__lvio.sousa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1532599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1532599"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1532599, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1532599", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1532599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1532599; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1532599"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1532599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1532599"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1532599; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1532599]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1532599").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1532599").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1532599"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67872" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmedieval_Archaeology">Postmedieval Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67872" type="text/json">{"id":67872,"name":"Postmedieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmedieval_Archaeology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sugar_industry">Sugar industry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75130" type="text/json">{"id":75130,"name":"Sugar industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sugar_industry?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sugar_Technology">Sugar Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="99714" type="text/json">{"id":99714,"name":"Sugar Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sugar_Technology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1532599]'), work: {"id":1532599,"title":"A Cerâmica do Açúcar das cidades de Machico e do Funchal. Dados Históricos e Arqueológicos para a Investigação da Tecnologia e Produção do Açúcar em Portugal","created_at":"2012-05-02T02:49:00.404-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1532599/A_Cer%C3%A2mica_do_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar_das_cidades_de_Machico_e_do_Funchal_Dados_Hist%C3%B3ricos_e_Arqueol%C3%B3gicos_para_a_Investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Tecnologia_e_Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar_em_Portugal?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_1532599","summary":"The sugar ceramic from the towns of Machico and Funchal.\r\nHistorical and archaeological data to the Portuguese and sugar\r\nproduction technology research. The present paper mulls over the sugar ceramic question, considering several sugar-moulds types of Madeira Island and Portuguese Mainland. There are discussed the distribution circuits, the historical and archaeological indicators, articulated with technological and typological results.There are mentioned the ceramic functional interpretation models, the terminology question and the results from physical chemical and mineralogical\r\nanalyses, based on a multi-disciplinary methodology performance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":12672416,"asset_id":1532599,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1654902,"first_name":"Élvio","last_name":"Sousa","domain_name":"fcsh-unl","page_name":"ÉlvioSousa","display_name":"Élvio Sousa","profile_url":"https://fcsh-unl.academia.edu/%C3%89lvioSousa?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1654902/575043/35411882/s65__lvio.sousa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":67872,"name":"Postmedieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmedieval_Archaeology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":75130,"name":"Sugar industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sugar_industry?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":99714,"name":"Sugar Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sugar_Technology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":473280,"name":"Sugar Pots Moulds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sugar_Pots_Moulds?f_ri=7088"},{"id":473282,"name":"Madeira Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Madeira_Archaeology?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12299056" data-work_id="12299056" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12299056/Front_matter_Samurai_Jesuits_Puppets_and_Bards_The_End_s_of_the_K%C5%8Dwaka_Ballad_%E8%AA%9E%E3%82%8A%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%AB%E6%B5%81%E3%81%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6_">Front matter. Samurai, Jesuits, Puppets, and Bards: The End(s) of the Kōwaka Ballad ［語り物末流の研究］</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">パトリック・シュウェマー『語り物末流の研究』プリンストン大学博士論文、２０１５年第一巻　『相模川』の研究：17世紀幸若舞曲の展開１．危険な「棚飾り」：プリンストン大学図書館所蔵『相模川』絵巻の研究２．本居宣長以前の「もののあはれ」：古浄瑠璃『梶原最期しづかあづまくだり』の研究３．反体制文学から徳川幕府の式楽へ：能『相模川』の研究第二巻　バレト写本の研究：日本文学としての、日本語によるキリシタン文学... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12299056" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">パトリック・シュウェマー『語り物末流の研究』プリンストン大学博士論文、２０１５年<br /><br />第一巻　『相模川』の研究：17世紀幸若舞曲の展開<br />１．危険な「棚飾り」：プリンストン大学図書館所蔵『相模川』絵巻の研究<br />２．本居宣長以前の「もののあはれ」：古浄瑠璃『梶原最期しづかあづまくだり』の研究<br />３．反体制文学から徳川幕府の式楽へ：能『相模川』の研究<br />第二巻　バレト写本の研究：日本文学としての、日本語によるキリシタン文学<br />４．秀吉の伴天連追放令への文学的な反発：『日本に現れた十字架物語』の研究<br />５．イエズス会による幸若言説の摂取：『受難物語』の研究<br />６．キリスト両性説と身内敬語、奪格のヨリと羅文訓読：『受難道具問答』の日本語について<br /><br />第一巻ではそれぞれ、（１）近世大名の社会資本としての豪華絵巻、（２）町人階級の娯楽としての古浄瑠璃、（３）徳川幕府の式楽としての能を、『相模川』という幸若末流の語り物の三バージョンを通して、三章で追究します。第二巻では、第一巻で取り上げた「純日本文学」を比例として、バチカン文庫所蔵のバレト写本より三編を取り上げ、また三章でそれぞれ分析します。まず（４）西・日・葡・伊、諸国語による諸本の伝存する、日本を舞台とした奇跡譚を扱い、予言と成就の順番の整理過程が覗えることから日本語版がもっとも早い詞章を残していることを論証し、イエズス会副管区長コエリョによる奥書から、秀吉の破天連追放令に対するコエリョの九州侵略作戦を支えるための日本向けのプロパガンダとして書かれたということを明らかにします。次に（５）『イエス・キリストのご受難物語』を中心に、幸若舞などの語り物文芸との語誌、常套句、テーマ上の共通点から、語り物文芸のもう一つの末流であることを証明します。最後に（６）『受難道具問答』を中心に、聖母マリアがイエスに対して身内敬語を用いる模様を論じます。なお、神学的解説文では、受身動詞の主語を「—より」で示し、受身の助動詞には「る・らる」ではなく「給ふ」を使うという独特のあり方がイエズス会の羅日動詞活用表にちょうど合致することから、漢文訓読の類似解読法として「羅文訓読」が形成しつつあったということを指摘します。<br /><br />This dissertation is a transversal study of changes undergone by the kōwaka ballad during Japan’s transition from the middle ages of civil war, free exchange with Asia, and European contact, to the orderly domestic and foreign relations of the Edo period. As the kōwaka, which in the sixteenth century had rivaled the noh theatre for warrior patronage, began to change medium, format, and sociopolitical context in the seventeenth century, the traditional view is that it “quickly deteriorated once the samurai began turning to urban fads and foppery.” (Araki 1964) However, my materials tell a different story. Each chapter grows from my transcription, edition, and translation of a previously-undiscussed artifact. An illustrated handscroll of a latter-day ballad in Princeton’s library shows how that format was used for political commentary by Kyoto book craftspeople and their warrior-bureaucrat patrons in the time of Edo’s ascendancy. A libretto held in Paris adapts the same ballad to the early puppet theatre, this time making the main characters female and intensifying the melodramatic sentiment that appealed to the urban commoner class created by Kyoto’s new monetized economy. A noh play extant in three libretti in Tokyo rewrites the same story as an unproblematic paean to shogunal authority, while nevertheless displaying a critical consciousness of the working of ideology. In Volume Two, I introduce three pieces of Jesuit missionary literature in Japanese from a 1591 manuscript in the Vatican Library, whose vocabulary and formulae borrow heavily from the kōwaka. A miracle story set in Japan bears a colophon suggesting its function as a polemic against Hideyoshi’s expulsion edict. A ballad of The Passion of the Christ displays Japanese Jesuit appropriation of kōwaka discourse in its most developed extant form. A devotional meditation on the Instruments of the Passion grapples with a poetic paradox created by the role of honorifics in Japanese, while a theological postscript is rendered in a formulaic, Luso-Japanese discourse created on analogy with Sino-Japanese. Together, these new texts reveal not the kōwaka’s death but its diffusion and renewal along many cultural trajectories during Japan’s transition to early modernity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12299056" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e38aabd80f83fecd9bdc16f53430dba9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37583558,"asset_id":12299056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37583558/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2736813" href="https://musashi.academia.edu/PatrickSchwemmer">Patrick Schwemmer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2736813" type="text/json">{"id":2736813,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Schwemmer","domain_name":"musashi","page_name":"PatrickSchwemmer","display_name":"Patrick Schwemmer","profile_url":"https://musashi.academia.edu/PatrickSchwemmer?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2736813/885002/14547749/s65_patrick.schwemmer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12299056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12299056"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12299056, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12299056", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12299056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12299056; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12299056"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12299056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12299056"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12299056; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12299056]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12299056").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12299056").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12299056"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">60</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="387" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies">Japanese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="387" type="text/json">{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature">Portuguese and Brazilian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="666" type="text/json">{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="668" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature">Spanish Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="668" type="text/json">{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12299056]'), work: {"id":12299056,"title":"Front matter. Samurai, Jesuits, Puppets, and Bards: The End(s) of the Kōwaka Ballad ［語り物末流の研究］","created_at":"2015-05-08T13:22:14.296-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12299056/Front_matter_Samurai_Jesuits_Puppets_and_Bards_The_End_s_of_the_K%C5%8Dwaka_Ballad_%E8%AA%9E%E3%82%8A%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%AB%E6%B5%81%E3%81%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_12299056","summary":"パトリック・シュウェマー『語り物末流の研究』プリンストン大学博士論文、２０１５年\n\n第一巻　『相模川』の研究：17世紀幸若舞曲の展開\n１．危険な「棚飾り」：プリンストン大学図書館所蔵『相模川』絵巻の研究\n２．本居宣長以前の「もののあはれ」：古浄瑠璃『梶原最期しづかあづまくだり』の研究\n３．反体制文学から徳川幕府の式楽へ：能『相模川』の研究\n第二巻　バレト写本の研究：日本文学としての、日本語によるキリシタン文学\n４．秀吉の伴天連追放令への文学的な反発：『日本に現れた十字架物語』の研究\n５．イエズス会による幸若言説の摂取：『受難物語』の研究\n６．キリスト両性説と身内敬語、奪格のヨリと羅文訓読：『受難道具問答』の日本語について\n\n第一巻ではそれぞれ、（１）近世大名の社会資本としての豪華絵巻、（２）町人階級の娯楽としての古浄瑠璃、（３）徳川幕府の式楽としての能を、『相模川』という幸若末流の語り物の三バージョンを通して、三章で追究します。第二巻では、第一巻で取り上げた「純日本文学」を比例として、バチカン文庫所蔵のバレト写本より三編を取り上げ、また三章でそれぞれ分析します。まず（４）西・日・葡・伊、諸国語による諸本の伝存する、日本を舞台とした奇跡譚を扱い、予言と成就の順番の整理過程が覗えることから日本語版がもっとも早い詞章を残していることを論証し、イエズス会副管区長コエリョによる奥書から、秀吉の破天連追放令に対するコエリョの九州侵略作戦を支えるための日本向けのプロパガンダとして書かれたということを明らかにします。次に（５）『イエス・キリストのご受難物語』を中心に、幸若舞などの語り物文芸との語誌、常套句、テーマ上の共通点から、語り物文芸のもう一つの末流であることを証明します。最後に（６）『受難道具問答』を中心に、聖母マリアがイエスに対して身内敬語を用いる模様を論じます。なお、神学的解説文では、受身動詞の主語を「—より」で示し、受身の助動詞には「る・らる」ではなく「給ふ」を使うという独特のあり方がイエズス会の羅日動詞活用表にちょうど合致することから、漢文訓読の類似解読法として「羅文訓読」が形成しつつあったということを指摘します。\n\nThis dissertation is a transversal study of changes undergone by the kōwaka ballad during Japan’s transition from the middle ages of civil war, free exchange with Asia, and European contact, to the orderly domestic and foreign relations of the Edo period. As the kōwaka, which in the sixteenth century had rivaled the noh theatre for warrior patronage, began to change medium, format, and sociopolitical context in the seventeenth century, the traditional view is that it “quickly deteriorated once the samurai began turning to urban fads and foppery.” (Araki 1964) However, my materials tell a different story. Each chapter grows from my transcription, edition, and translation of a previously-undiscussed artifact. An illustrated handscroll of a latter-day ballad in Princeton’s library shows how that format was used for political commentary by Kyoto book craftspeople and their warrior-bureaucrat patrons in the time of Edo’s ascendancy. A libretto held in Paris adapts the same ballad to the early puppet theatre, this time making the main characters female and intensifying the melodramatic sentiment that appealed to the urban commoner class created by Kyoto’s new monetized economy. A noh play extant in three libretti in Tokyo rewrites the same story as an unproblematic paean to shogunal authority, while nevertheless displaying a critical consciousness of the working of ideology. In Volume Two, I introduce three pieces of Jesuit missionary literature in Japanese from a 1591 manuscript in the Vatican Library, whose vocabulary and formulae borrow heavily from the kōwaka. A miracle story set in Japan bears a colophon suggesting its function as a polemic against Hideyoshi’s expulsion edict. A ballad of The Passion of the Christ displays Japanese Jesuit appropriation of kōwaka discourse in its most developed extant form. A devotional meditation on the Instruments of the Passion grapples with a poetic paradox created by the role of honorifics in Japanese, while a theological postscript is rendered in a formulaic, Luso-Japanese discourse created on analogy with Sino-Japanese. Together, these new texts reveal not the kōwaka’s death but its diffusion and renewal along many cultural trajectories during Japan’s transition to early modernity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37583558,"asset_id":12299056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2736813,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Schwemmer","domain_name":"musashi","page_name":"PatrickSchwemmer","display_name":"Patrick Schwemmer","profile_url":"https://musashi.academia.edu/PatrickSchwemmer?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2736813/885002/14547749/s65_patrick.schwemmer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":911,"name":"17th Century \u0026 Early Modern Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/17th_Century_and_Early_Modern_Philosophy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":945,"name":"Performing Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performing_Arts?f_ri=7088"},{"id":946,"name":"Musical Theatre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musical_Theatre?f_ri=7088"},{"id":947,"name":"Theatre Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theatre_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1332,"name":"Theatre History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theatre_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2221,"name":"Italian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2304,"name":"Japanese Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2337,"name":"Performance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2388,"name":"Japanese Language And Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Language_And_Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2471,"name":"History of Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Christianity?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5081,"name":"Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Painting?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5431,"name":"Seventeenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seventeenth_Century?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5583,"name":"Audience and Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Audience_and_Reception_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6001,"name":"Japanese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6280,"name":"Missiology and Mission Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missiology_and_Mission_Theology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6716,"name":"Japanese Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Art?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7398,"name":"Jesuit history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7887,"name":"Italian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":8303,"name":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friedrich_Nietzsche?f_ri=7088"},{"id":8495,"name":"History of Missions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Missions?f_ri=7088"},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10713,"name":"Christology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13860,"name":"Sociology of the Middle Classes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_the_Middle_Classes?f_ri=7088"},{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=7088"},{"id":19457,"name":"Portuguese Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":23369,"name":"Ballads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ballads?f_ri=7088"},{"id":23561,"name":"Japanese Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":29102,"name":"Theatre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theatre?f_ri=7088"},{"id":36327,"name":"Edo-period Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edo-period_Japan?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44881,"name":"Jesuit education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_education?f_ri=7088"},{"id":53190,"name":"Tokugawa Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tokugawa_Japan?f_ri=7088"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":60543,"name":"Jesuits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuits?f_ri=7088"},{"id":96848,"name":"Seventeenth Century Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seventeenth_Century_Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":125900,"name":"Neo-Confucianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Confucianism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":131443,"name":"Literatura Portuguesa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_Portuguesa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":134544,"name":"Misiones y expulsion de los jesuitas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Misiones_y_expulsion_de_los_jesuitas?f_ri=7088"},{"id":166887,"name":"Jesuit missionaries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_missionaries?f_ri=7088"},{"id":233504,"name":"Print Culture, Book History and the History of Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Print_Culture_Book_History_and_the_History_of_Reading?f_ri=7088"},{"id":318505,"name":"Jesuítas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesu%C3%ADtas?f_ri=7088"},{"id":475114,"name":"Neoconfucianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoconfucianism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":512161,"name":"State Ceremonial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Ceremonial?f_ri=7088"},{"id":529633,"name":"Art in the Portuguese and Spanish Empires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_in_the_Portuguese_and_Spanish_Empires?f_ri=7088"},{"id":848158,"name":"Misiones Jesuíticas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Misiones_Jesu%C3%ADticas?f_ri=7088"},{"id":916860,"name":"Lyrical Ballads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lyrical_Ballads?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1033305,"name":"Colonial Art and Portuguese and Spanish Empires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Art_and_Portuguese_and_Spanish_Empires?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7783731" data-work_id="7783731" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7783731/Portugueses_no_Peru_ao_tempo_da_Uni%C3%A3o_Ib%C3%A9rica_mobilidade_cumplicidades_e_viv%C3%AAncias">Portugueses no Peru ao tempo da União Ibérica: mobilidade, cumplicidades e vivências</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Estudo sobre a presença portuguesa no vice-reino do Peru, entre 1580 e 1640, com base em fontes documentais de arquivos espanhóis, peruanos, mexicanos e paraguaios, designadamente, processos inquisitoriais, fiscais e judiciais,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7783731" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Estudo sobre a presença portuguesa no vice-reino do Peru, entre 1580 e 1640, com base em fontes documentais de arquivos espanhóis, peruanos, mexicanos e paraguaios, designadamente, processos inquisitoriais, fiscais e judiciais, testamentos e cartas privadas. <br />Redes comerciais inter-regionais, mecanismos de integração nas elites coloniais, versatilidade social, espaços de sociabilidade, são alguns dos caminhos abertos para revelar a presença de portugueses no espaço hispano-americano. <br />Esta obra contém um apêndice documental inédito e um quadro geral de estantes e residentes no espaço peruano e no Novo Reino de Granada, no período considerado.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7783731" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="012d64baf1db5077e879391bb597fe3b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34293863,"asset_id":7783731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34293863/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10887122" href="https://lisboa.academia.edu/MariadaGra%C3%A7aVentura">Maria da Graça A . A. Mateus Ventura</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10887122" type="text/json">{"id":10887122,"first_name":"Maria da Graça","last_name":"A. Mateus Ventura","domain_name":"lisboa","page_name":"MariadaGraçaVentura","display_name":"Maria da Graça A . A. Mateus Ventura","profile_url":"https://lisboa.academia.edu/MariadaGra%C3%A7aVentura?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10887122/3819669/134929099/s65_maria_da_gra_a.mateus_ventura.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7783731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7783731"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7783731, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7783731", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7783731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7783731; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7783731"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7783731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7783731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7783731; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7783731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7783731").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7783731").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7783731"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_America">Colonial America</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3021" type="text/json">{"id":3021,"name":"Colonial America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_America?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7783731]'), work: {"id":7783731,"title":"Portugueses no Peru ao tempo da União Ibérica: mobilidade, cumplicidades e vivências","created_at":"2014-07-26T01:33:29.282-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7783731/Portugueses_no_Peru_ao_tempo_da_Uni%C3%A3o_Ib%C3%A9rica_mobilidade_cumplicidades_e_viv%C3%AAncias?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_7783731","summary":"Estudo sobre a presença portuguesa no vice-reino do Peru, entre 1580 e 1640, com base em fontes documentais de arquivos espanhóis, peruanos, mexicanos e paraguaios, designadamente, processos inquisitoriais, fiscais e judiciais, testamentos e cartas privadas.\r\nRedes comerciais inter-regionais, mecanismos de integração nas elites coloniais, versatilidade social, espaços de sociabilidade, são alguns dos caminhos abertos para revelar a presença de portugueses no espaço hispano-americano.\r\nEsta obra contém um apêndice documental inédito e um quadro geral de estantes e residentes no espaço peruano e no Novo Reino de Granada, no período considerado.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34293863,"asset_id":7783731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10887122,"first_name":"Maria da Graça","last_name":"A. Mateus Ventura","domain_name":"lisboa","page_name":"MariadaGraçaVentura","display_name":"Maria da Graça A . A. Mateus Ventura","profile_url":"https://lisboa.academia.edu/MariadaGra%C3%A7aVentura?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10887122/3819669/134929099/s65_maria_da_gra_a.mateus_ventura.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":3021,"name":"Colonial America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_America?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":22318,"name":"Peruvian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peruvian_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":187855,"name":"History of European Overseas Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_European_Overseas_Expansion?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40551352" data-work_id="40551352" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40551352/A_Handful_of_Swahili_Coast_Letters_1500_1520">A Handful of Swahili Coast Letters, 1500-1520</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">We are grateful to Ned Alpers and the journal's referees for their comments on an earlier draft.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40551352" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec7ab1412973187925c59a5a881a7afa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60827985,"asset_id":40551352,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60827985/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6805051" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/SanjaySubrahmanyam">Sanjay Subrahmanyam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6805051" type="text/json">{"id":6805051,"first_name":"Sanjay","last_name":"Subrahmanyam","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"SanjaySubrahmanyam","display_name":"Sanjay Subrahmanyam","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/SanjaySubrahmanyam?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6805051/11275777/12580480/s65_sanjay.subrahmanyam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40551352 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40551352"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40551352, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40551352", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40551352 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40551352; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40551352"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40551352 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40551352"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40551352; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40551352]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40551352").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40551352").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40551352"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="138" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History">Diplomatic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="138" type="text/json">{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6888" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_History">Indian Ocean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6888" type="text/json">{"id":6888,"name":"Indian Ocean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40551352]'), work: {"id":40551352,"title":"A Handful of Swahili Coast Letters, 1500-1520","created_at":"2019-10-07T15:42:51.519-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40551352/A_Handful_of_Swahili_Coast_Letters_1500_1520?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_40551352","summary":"We are grateful to Ned Alpers and the journal's referees for their comments on an earlier draft.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60827985,"asset_id":40551352,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6805051,"first_name":"Sanjay","last_name":"Subrahmanyam","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"SanjaySubrahmanyam","display_name":"Sanjay Subrahmanyam","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/SanjaySubrahmanyam?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6805051/11275777/12580480/s65_sanjay.subrahmanyam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6888,"name":"Indian Ocean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":150387,"name":"Swahili Coast","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swahili_Coast?f_ri=7088"},{"id":981541,"name":"Oriental Historical Sources (Arabic written Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oriental_Historical_Sources_Arabic_written_Manuscripts?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27558419" data-work_id="27558419" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27558419/_Classicismo_Tridentino_e_Estilo_Ch%C3%A3o_A_arquitectura_eclesial_portuguesa_entre_centro_e_periferia">“Classicismo Tridentino” e “Estilo-Chão”: A arquitectura eclesial portuguesa entre centro e periferia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A génese dos primeiros modelos de templos surgidos logo antes ou na sequência imediata das resoluções do Concílio de Trento (1545-1563), de concepção já adequada a uma liturgia e culto reformados, constituem uma das questões mais... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27558419" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A génese dos primeiros modelos de templos surgidos logo antes ou na sequência imediata das resoluções do Concílio de Trento (1545-1563), de concepção já adequada a uma liturgia e culto reformados, constituem uma das questões mais importantes da história da arquitectura do período moderno. A situação portuguesa não é excepção e constitui, aliás, um caso de estudo de particular interesse e relevância mesmo a nível europeu, pelo impacto produzido no seu espaço continental e ultramarino. Em discussão estará o papel da Companhia de Jesus no surgimento precoce de um modelo de raiz nacional, periférico em relação à realidade artística itálica, e a importação de formas e linguagens deste contexto e o seu reflexo na formação de um italianismo português igualmente de grande fortuna na nossa arquitectura religiosa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27558419" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aeaac07cd32fcba36b07e7e6c7c4b242" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47812444,"asset_id":27558419,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47812444/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8285158" href="https://unl-pt.academia.edu/RicardoBranco">Ricardo Lucas Branco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8285158" type="text/json">{"id":8285158,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Lucas Branco","domain_name":"unl-pt","page_name":"RicardoBranco","display_name":"Ricardo Lucas Branco","profile_url":"https://unl-pt.academia.edu/RicardoBranco?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8285158/9771809/16702572/s65_ricardo.lucas_branco.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27558419 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27558419"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27558419, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27558419", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27558419 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27558419; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27558419"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27558419 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27558419"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27558419; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27558419]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27558419").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27558419").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27558419"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">46</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27558419]'), work: {"id":27558419,"title":"“Classicismo Tridentino” e “Estilo-Chão”: A arquitectura eclesial portuguesa entre centro e periferia","created_at":"2016-08-05T04:53:50.726-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27558419/_Classicismo_Tridentino_e_Estilo_Ch%C3%A3o_A_arquitectura_eclesial_portuguesa_entre_centro_e_periferia?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_27558419","summary":"A génese dos primeiros modelos de templos surgidos logo antes ou na sequência imediata das resoluções do Concílio de Trento (1545-1563), de concepção já adequada a uma liturgia e culto reformados, constituem uma das questões mais importantes da história da arquitectura do período moderno. A situação portuguesa não é excepção e constitui, aliás, um caso de estudo de particular interesse e relevância mesmo a nível europeu, pelo impacto produzido no seu espaço continental e ultramarino. Em discussão estará o papel da Companhia de Jesus no surgimento precoce de um modelo de raiz nacional, periférico em relação à realidade artística itálica, e a importação de formas e linguagens deste contexto e o seu reflexo na formação de um italianismo português igualmente de grande fortuna na nossa arquitectura religiosa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47812444,"asset_id":27558419,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8285158,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Lucas Branco","domain_name":"unl-pt","page_name":"RicardoBranco","display_name":"Ricardo Lucas Branco","profile_url":"https://unl-pt.academia.edu/RicardoBranco?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8285158/9771809/16702572/s65_ricardo.lucas_branco.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1386,"name":"Art Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2546,"name":"Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2987,"name":"Renaissance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7398,"name":"Jesuit history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7468,"name":"Military Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13966,"name":"History of Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Art?f_ri=7088"},{"id":14640,"name":"Architectural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Theory?f_ri=7088"},{"id":16923,"name":"Early Modern Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Italy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":19242,"name":"Religious architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":27392,"name":"Early Modern Catholicism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Catholicism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":35467,"name":"Portuguese Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":60543,"name":"Jesuits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuits?f_ri=7088"},{"id":61738,"name":"Architectural Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Design?f_ri=7088"},{"id":79037,"name":"Historia del Arte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_del_Arte?f_ri=7088"},{"id":84652,"name":"Classicism in Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classicism_in_Architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":90545,"name":"Liturgy and Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liturgy_and_Architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":110273,"name":"Teoria História e Crítica da Arquitetura e do Urbanismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teoria_Historia_e_Critica_da_Arquitetura_e_do_Urbanismo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":138730,"name":"Classicism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classicism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":158189,"name":"Catholic Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholic_Church_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":239383,"name":"Counter-Reformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter-Reformation?f_ri=7088"},{"id":241799,"name":"Historia y Teoria del Arte y la Arquitectura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_y_Teoria_del_Arte_y_la_Arquitectura?f_ri=7088"},{"id":258097,"name":"Jesuit Architecture, Art and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_Architecture_Art_and_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":287131,"name":"Catholic Liturgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholic_Liturgy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":355748,"name":"Galeazzo Alessi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galeazzo_Alessi?f_ri=7088"},{"id":367065,"name":"George Kubler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/George_Kubler?f_ri=7088"},{"id":656266,"name":"Manierism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manierism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":671456,"name":"História Da Arquitetura E Do Urbanismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Da_Arquitetura_E_Do_Urbanismo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1987226,"name":"Baltazar Álvares","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baltazar_%C3%81lvares?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2634435,"name":"Plain Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plain_Style?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2634437,"name":"Filippo Terzi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filippo_Terzi?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44725258" data-work_id="44725258" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44725258/Palaeographic_Instruction_for_the_Graeco_Iberian_Ischia_Manuscript_MS408_">Palaeographic Instruction for the Graeco-Iberian Ischia Manuscript (MS408).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The process of palaeography is far more complex and time-consuming than the process of translation, as it requires additional intuition, instruction, involvement and intelligence in order to find the right words, rather than a simple... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44725258" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The process of palaeography is far more complex and time-consuming than the process of translation, as it requires additional intuition, instruction, involvement and intelligence in order to find the right words, rather than a simple substitution of words. This is one of the reasons why the writing system and language of the Ischia Manuscript took a while to fathom, as the document is unique in the complexity of its palaeographic requirements. This naturally perplexes those who expect or desire effortless translation, but logic dictates that all simple and easy possibilities must already have been eliminated by the experiments of many others over the decades. This paper provides instruction to elucidate and educate the novice about the palaeographic process needed for success with reading the Ischia manuscript.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44725258" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a7e164b54f932094c8cb691fe2c4c305" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65207760,"asset_id":44725258,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65207760/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72982543" href="https://bristol.academia.edu/GerardCheshire">Gerard E Cheshire. PhD.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72982543" type="text/json">{"id":72982543,"first_name":"Gerard","last_name":"Cheshire. PhD.","domain_name":"bristol","page_name":"GerardCheshire","display_name":"Gerard E Cheshire. PhD.","profile_url":"https://bristol.academia.edu/GerardCheshire?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72982543/18654305/18856222/s65_gerard.cheshire.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44725258 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44725258"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44725258, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44725258", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44725258 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44725258; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44725258"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44725258 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44725258"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44725258; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44725258]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44725258").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44725258").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44725258"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="148" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany">Botany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="148" type="text/json">{"id":148,"name":"Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44725258]'), work: {"id":44725258,"title":"Palaeographic Instruction for the Graeco-Iberian Ischia Manuscript (MS408).","created_at":"2020-12-17T07:18:59.886-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44725258/Palaeographic_Instruction_for_the_Graeco_Iberian_Ischia_Manuscript_MS408_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_44725258","summary":"The process of palaeography is far more complex and time-consuming than the process of translation, as it requires additional intuition, instruction, involvement and intelligence in order to find the right words, rather than a simple substitution of words. This is one of the reasons why the writing system and language of the Ischia Manuscript took a while to fathom, as the document is unique in the complexity of its palaeographic requirements. This naturally perplexes those who expect or desire effortless translation, but logic dictates that all simple and easy possibilities must already have been eliminated by the experiments of many others over the decades. This paper provides instruction to elucidate and educate the novice about the palaeographic process needed for success with reading the Ischia manuscript.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65207760,"asset_id":44725258,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72982543,"first_name":"Gerard","last_name":"Cheshire. PhD.","domain_name":"bristol","page_name":"GerardCheshire","display_name":"Gerard E Cheshire. PhD.","profile_url":"https://bristol.academia.edu/GerardCheshire?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72982543/18654305/18856222/s65_gerard.cheshire.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":148,"name":"Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6663,"name":"Manuscript Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscript_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6859,"name":"Medieval Iberian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Iberian_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7637,"name":"Paleography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleography?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7709,"name":"Applied Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":9183,"name":"Comparative Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13637,"name":"Hispanic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hispanic_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26892,"name":"Codicology of medieval manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Codicology_of_medieval_manuscripts?f_ri=7088"},{"id":39462,"name":"Medieval Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Magic?f_ri=7088"},{"id":46524,"name":"Hispanic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hispanic_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":158442,"name":"History of Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Botany?f_ri=7088"},{"id":223479,"name":"Filología Hispánica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filolog%C3%ADa_Hisp%C3%A1nica?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7721309" data-work_id="7721309" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7721309/Rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_verdadeira_dos_trabalhos_que_o_governador_D_Fernando_de_Souto_e_certos_fidalgos_portugueses_passaram_no_descobrimento_da_prov%C3%ADncia_da_Florida_Agora_novamente_feita_por_um_fidalgo_de_Elvas">Relação verdadeira dos trabalhos que o governador D. Fernando de Souto e certos fidalgos portugueses passaram no descobrimento da província da Florida. Agora novamente feita por um fidalgo de Elvas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Numa época em que o Novo Mundo atraía numerosas hostes de exploradores, a organização de uma expedição por um conquistador prestigiado constituía um chamamento irrecusável. Vinte e três portugueses juntaram-se em Sevilha, em 1538, para... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7721309" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Numa época em que o Novo Mundo atraía numerosas hostes de exploradores, a organização de uma expedição por um conquistador prestigiado constituía um chamamento irrecusável. <br />Vinte e  três portugueses juntaram-se em Sevilha, em 1538, para tomarem parte na expedição de Fernando de Souto à Florida. Para muitos foi uma viagem sem regresso. Para os sobreviventes, uma odisseia memorável. O que viram, o que viveram, o que sofreram, de que morreram, podemos inferir da única narrativa em português escrita por um dos participantes. <br />Trata-se de um texto redigido por um autor que de si apenas quis registar a origem social e a naturalidade - um fidalgo de Elvas. Teria sido possível uma completa especificação? Porventura, a assunção da identidade forçá-lo-ia a conferir aos seus compatriotas um maior protagonismo na ação e a conter-se nas críticas aos espanhóis. Teria receio de ser incomodado pelos seus vizinhos espanhóis, ali tão perto, em Badajoz, terra natal de Fernando de Souto? <br />Dezassete anos após o regresso dos sobreviventes, apenas o Fidalgo de Elvas facultava ao público o acesso à informação sobre a expedição do capitão estremenho. Impressa em Évora no ano de 1557, a Relação verdadeira viria a suscitar o interesse de ingleses, holandeses e franceses, que promoveram dezasseis edições da obra entre 1605 e 1965. <br />O seu lugar central na historiografia da expedição de Fernando de Souto e da participação de portugueses no descobrimento e conquista do Novo Mundo justifica uma leitura intertextual e contextualizante.  <br />A transcrição do texto é acompanhada de um aparato crítico que inclui a comparação com os outros relatos conhecidos. <br /> <br />Aqui disponibiliza-se apenas a introdução e o índice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7721309" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="253ec0e98b0e77ae4eca31de3f21d0a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77521750,"asset_id":7721309,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77521750/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10887122" href="https://lisboa.academia.edu/MariadaGra%C3%A7aVentura">Maria da Graça A . A. Mateus Ventura</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10887122" type="text/json">{"id":10887122,"first_name":"Maria da Graça","last_name":"A. Mateus Ventura","domain_name":"lisboa","page_name":"MariadaGraçaVentura","display_name":"Maria da Graça A . A. Mateus Ventura","profile_url":"https://lisboa.academia.edu/MariadaGra%C3%A7aVentura?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10887122/3819669/134929099/s65_maria_da_gra_a.mateus_ventura.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7721309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7721309"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7721309, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7721309", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7721309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7721309; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7721309"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7721309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7721309"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7721309; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7721309]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7721309").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7721309").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7721309"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236101" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World">Peopling of the New World</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236101" type="text/json">{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="391166" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/16th_Century_Spanish_Explorations_in_North_America">16th Century Spanish Explorations in North America</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="391166" type="text/json">{"id":391166,"name":"16th Century Spanish Explorations in North America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/16th_Century_Spanish_Explorations_in_North_America?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7721309]'), work: {"id":7721309,"title":"Relação verdadeira dos trabalhos que o governador D. Fernando de Souto e certos fidalgos portugueses passaram no descobrimento da província da Florida. Agora novamente feita por um fidalgo de Elvas","created_at":"2014-07-20T03:52:07.801-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7721309/Rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_verdadeira_dos_trabalhos_que_o_governador_D_Fernando_de_Souto_e_certos_fidalgos_portugueses_passaram_no_descobrimento_da_prov%C3%ADncia_da_Florida_Agora_novamente_feita_por_um_fidalgo_de_Elvas?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_7721309","summary":"Numa época em que o Novo Mundo atraía numerosas hostes de exploradores, a organização de uma expedição por um conquistador prestigiado constituía um chamamento irrecusável.\r\nVinte e três portugueses juntaram-se em Sevilha, em 1538, para tomarem parte na expedição de Fernando de Souto à Florida. Para muitos foi uma viagem sem regresso. Para os sobreviventes, uma odisseia memorável. O que viram, o que viveram, o que sofreram, de que morreram, podemos inferir da única narrativa em português escrita por um dos participantes. \r\nTrata-se de um texto redigido por um autor que de si apenas quis registar a origem social e a naturalidade - um fidalgo de Elvas. Teria sido possível uma completa especificação? Porventura, a assunção da identidade forçá-lo-ia a conferir aos seus compatriotas um maior protagonismo na ação e a conter-se nas críticas aos espanhóis. Teria receio de ser incomodado pelos seus vizinhos espanhóis, ali tão perto, em Badajoz, terra natal de Fernando de Souto?\r\nDezassete anos após o regresso dos sobreviventes, apenas o Fidalgo de Elvas facultava ao público o acesso à informação sobre a expedição do capitão estremenho. Impressa em Évora no ano de 1557, a Relação verdadeira viria a suscitar o interesse de ingleses, holandeses e franceses, que promoveram dezasseis edições da obra entre 1605 e 1965.\r\nO seu lugar central na historiografia da expedição de Fernando de Souto e da participação de portugueses no descobrimento e conquista do Novo Mundo justifica uma leitura intertextual e contextualizante. \r\nA transcrição do texto é acompanhada de um aparato crítico que inclui a comparação com os outros relatos conhecidos.\r\n\r\nAqui disponibiliza-se apenas a introdução e o índice.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77521750,"asset_id":7721309,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10887122,"first_name":"Maria da Graça","last_name":"A. Mateus Ventura","domain_name":"lisboa","page_name":"MariadaGraçaVentura","display_name":"Maria da Graça A . A. Mateus Ventura","profile_url":"https://lisboa.academia.edu/MariadaGra%C3%A7aVentura?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10887122/3819669/134929099/s65_maria_da_gra_a.mateus_ventura.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":391166,"name":"16th Century Spanish Explorations in North America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/16th_Century_Spanish_Explorations_in_North_America?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1541241" data-work_id="1541241" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1541241/_Open_Access_King_Jo%C3%A3o_II_of_Portugal_O_Pr%C3%ADncipe_Perfeito_and_the_Jews_1481_1495_">[Open Access] King João II of Portugal “O Príncipe Perfeito”and the Jews (1481-1495)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1541241" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7910907719eb94d9f8847c17da82a4ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30864999,"asset_id":1541241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30864999/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35238" href="https://une-au.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisSoyer">François Soyer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35238" type="text/json">{"id":35238,"first_name":"François","last_name":"Soyer","domain_name":"une-au","page_name":"FrançoisSoyer","display_name":"François Soyer","profile_url":"https://une-au.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisSoyer?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35238/11604/80911983/s65_fran_ois.soyer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1541241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1541241"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1541241, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1541241", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1541241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1541241; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1541241"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1541241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1541241"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1541241; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1541241]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1541241").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1541241").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1541241"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="983" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies">Jewish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="983" type="text/json">{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History">Early Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1727" type="text/json">{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies">Iberian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4154" type="text/json">{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4913" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Medieval_History">Portuguese Medieval History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4913" type="text/json">{"id":4913,"name":"Portuguese Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Medieval_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1541241]'), work: {"id":1541241,"title":"[Open Access] King João II of Portugal “O Príncipe Perfeito”and the Jews (1481-1495)","created_at":"2012-05-07T21:30:19.520-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1541241/_Open_Access_King_Jo%C3%A3o_II_of_Portugal_O_Pr%C3%ADncipe_Perfeito_and_the_Jews_1481_1495_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_1541241","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30864999,"asset_id":1541241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35238,"first_name":"François","last_name":"Soyer","domain_name":"une-au","page_name":"FrançoisSoyer","display_name":"François Soyer","profile_url":"https://une-au.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisSoyer?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35238/11604/80911983/s65_fran_ois.soyer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":4913,"name":"Portuguese Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Medieval_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":5531,"name":"Antisemitism (Prejudice)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisemitism_Prejudice_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6859,"name":"Medieval Iberian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Iberian_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7354,"name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13954,"name":"History of the Jews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Jews?f_ri=7088"},{"id":24001,"name":"Sephardic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sephardic_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":37681,"name":"Portugal (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":54355,"name":"Antisemitism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisemitism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":89996,"name":"Jews in Medieval and Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jews_in_Medieval_and_Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=7088"},{"id":103552,"name":"Jews of Medieval Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jews_of_Medieval_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":109218,"name":"Late medieval Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_medieval_Portugal?f_ri=7088"},{"id":627067,"name":"History of Antisemitism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Antisemitism?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30458853" data-work_id="30458853" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30458853/_%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%A8%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1_%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E5%AF%A6%E8%88%87%E9%80%B8%E8%81%9E_1550_1770_Translation_of_Fidalgos_in_the_Far_East_1550_1770_Fact_and_fancy_in_the_history_of_Macao_">《葡萄牙貴族在遠東：澳門歷史中的事實與逸聞（1550-1770）》（Translation of Fidalgos in the Far East, 1550-1770: Fact and fancy in the history of Macao）</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30458853" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="125da7186b9213367080ce99f9d1210c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50899194,"asset_id":30458853,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50899194/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6495354" href="https://nanjing.academia.edu/QingLi">Qing Li（李庆）</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6495354" type="text/json">{"id":6495354,"first_name":"Qing","last_name":"Li（李庆）","domain_name":"nanjing","page_name":"QingLi","display_name":"Qing Li（李庆）","profile_url":"https://nanjing.academia.edu/QingLi?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6495354/11575236/12909016/s65_qing.li.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30458853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30458853"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30458853, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30458853", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30458853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30458853; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30458853"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30458853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30458853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30458853; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30458853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30458853").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30458853").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30458853"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130169" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macau">Macau</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130169" type="text/json">{"id":130169,"name":"Macau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macau?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30458853]'), work: {"id":30458853,"title":"《葡萄牙貴族在遠東：澳門歷史中的事實與逸聞（1550-1770）》（Translation of Fidalgos in the Far East, 1550-1770: Fact and fancy in the history of Macao）","created_at":"2016-12-15T03:20:10.347-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30458853/_%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%A8%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1_%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E5%AF%A6%E8%88%87%E9%80%B8%E8%81%9E_1550_1770_Translation_of_Fidalgos_in_the_Far_East_1550_1770_Fact_and_fancy_in_the_history_of_Macao_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_30458853","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50899194,"asset_id":30458853,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6495354,"first_name":"Qing","last_name":"Li（李庆）","domain_name":"nanjing","page_name":"QingLi","display_name":"Qing Li（李庆）","profile_url":"https://nanjing.academia.edu/QingLi?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6495354/11575236/12909016/s65_qing.li.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":130169,"name":"Macau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macau?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6421127" data-work_id="6421127" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6421127/Boudica_Amazonas_en_Britania_61_d_C">Boudica. Amazonas en Britania 61 d.C.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La obra Kitáb a!-'lbar del gran historiador árabe del siglo XIV, de origen andalusí, Ibn Jaldún; el cual describe al fundador del movimiento almohade como «un jurista versado en la ciencia, que daba consejos y practicaba la enseñanza».... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6421127" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La obra Kitáb a!-'lbar del gran historiador árabe del siglo XIV, de origen andalusí, Ibn Jaldún; el cual describe al fundador del movimiento almohade como «un jurista versado en la ciencia, que daba consejos y practicaba la enseñanza». Mientras que, desde el punto de vista externo, ofrece este sobrio retrato del fundador almohade: «Llevaba un vestido de lana remendada, se dedicaba con frecuencia a ejercicios ascéticos y a prácticas piadosas».</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6421127" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b20e605d9471caece482b0572682aa51" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":120747918,"asset_id":6421127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120747918/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1058813" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/AlexDietrich">Arturo Sanchez Sanz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1058813" type="text/json">{"id":1058813,"first_name":"Arturo","last_name":"Sanchez Sanz","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"AlexDietrich","display_name":"Arturo Sanchez Sanz","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/AlexDietrich?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1058813/4187689/135090990/s65_arturo.s._sanz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6421127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6421127"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6421127, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6421127", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6421127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6421127; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6421127"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6421127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6421127"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6421127; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6421127]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6421127").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6421127").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6421127"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">154</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6421127]'), work: {"id":6421127,"title":"Boudica. Amazonas en Britania 61 d.C.","created_at":"2014-03-15T04:30:11.410-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6421127/Boudica_Amazonas_en_Britania_61_d_C?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_6421127","summary":"La obra Kitáb a!-'lbar del gran historiador árabe del siglo XIV, de origen andalusí, Ibn Jaldún; el cual describe al fundador del movimiento almohade como «un jurista versado en la ciencia, que daba consejos y practicaba la enseñanza». Mientras que, desde el punto de vista externo, ofrece este sobrio retrato del fundador almohade: «Llevaba un vestido de lana remendada, se dedicaba con frecuencia a ejercicios ascéticos y a prácticas piadosas».","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":120747918,"asset_id":6421127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1058813,"first_name":"Arturo","last_name":"Sanchez Sanz","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"AlexDietrich","display_name":"Arturo Sanchez Sanz","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/AlexDietrich?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1058813/4187689/135090990/s65_arturo.s._sanz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=7088"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=7088"},{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":736,"name":"Islamic Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=7088"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1386,"name":"Art Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2223,"name":"North Africa Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Africa_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2340,"name":"Book History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3225,"name":"Visual Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3283,"name":"Medieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4066,"name":"Medievalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medievalism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4565,"name":"Law and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Religion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5582,"name":"North Africa (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Africa_Anthropology_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6337,"name":"Oral history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6544,"name":"Islamic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6739,"name":"Medieval Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islam?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6859,"name":"Medieval Iberian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Iberian_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6913,"name":"Sociology of islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_islam?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7419,"name":"Islam in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_in_Europe?f_ri=7088"},{"id":8916,"name":"Islamic Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Art?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":11215,"name":"Empires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empires?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12391,"name":"History of Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Islam?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12836,"name":"Al-Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12880,"name":"Spain (Mediterranean Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_Mediterranean_Studies_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12936,"name":"Medieval Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Europe?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13625,"name":"Kingship (Medieval History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingship_Medieval_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13684,"name":"Morocco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morocco?f_ri=7088"},{"id":14288,"name":"History of the Islamic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Islamic_World?f_ri=7088"},{"id":14970,"name":"Muslims in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslims_in_Europe?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=7088"},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=7088"},{"id":17004,"name":"Muslim Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":18824,"name":"North African Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_African_Politics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20370,"name":"Development in the Middle East and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":21928,"name":"Islamic Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Finance?f_ri=7088"},{"id":22386,"name":"Medieval Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Art?f_ri=7088"},{"id":24327,"name":"North Africa (Area Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Africa_Area_Studies_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":25118,"name":"Medieval Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":25399,"name":"Islamism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":25719,"name":"Religious History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":25929,"name":"Al Andalus (Islamic History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al_Andalus_Islamic_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":28691,"name":"Chivalry (Medieval Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chivalry_Medieval_Studies_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":29377,"name":"History of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":30571,"name":"Islamic Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Mysticism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":31186,"name":"Early and Medieval Islamic Art and Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_and_Medieval_Islamic_Art_and_Architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":32767,"name":"Arabic Manuscripts from Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Manuscripts_from_Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":33043,"name":"Mediterranean and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_and_North_Africa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":33180,"name":"Political Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Islam?f_ri=7088"},{"id":33335,"name":"Andalusia/Al-Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalusia_Al-Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":33336,"name":"Border area Spain - Morocco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_area_Spain_-_Morocco?f_ri=7088"},{"id":33640,"name":"Spanish politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_politics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":38851,"name":"Medieval Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":42009,"name":"Almohad Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Almohad_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":45018,"name":"Islamic History and Muslim Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History_and_Muslim_Civilization?f_ri=7088"},{"id":46309,"name":"Al-Andalus archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Andalus_archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":46310,"name":"Al-Andalus History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Andalus_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":46322,"name":"Muslim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim?f_ri=7088"},{"id":46796,"name":"Medieval Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Warfare?f_ri=7088"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":53879,"name":"Medieval Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Art_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":54721,"name":"Arqueologia Medieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia_Medieval?f_ri=7088"},{"id":62277,"name":"Islamic Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":62800,"name":"Medieval Chronicles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Chronicles?f_ri=7088"},{"id":65192,"name":"Storia medievale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_medievale?f_ri=7088"},{"id":66622,"name":"North African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_African_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":67861,"name":"Medieval Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Military_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":70990,"name":"Traditional Heritage in Morocco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Heritage_in_Morocco?f_ri=7088"},{"id":77071,"name":"Andalusia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalusia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":80472,"name":"Islamic Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Medieval_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":80480,"name":"Medieval History of Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History_of_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":82924,"name":"North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Africa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":83919,"name":"North African Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_African_Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":86524,"name":"Andalusian Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalusian_Manuscripts?f_ri=7088"},{"id":97244,"name":"History of al-Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_al-Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":100217,"name":"Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Army?f_ri=7088"},{"id":104788,"name":"História","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria?f_ri=7088"},{"id":104797,"name":"Histoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":108906,"name":"Historia Medieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Medieval?f_ri=7088"},{"id":117451,"name":"Almohads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Almohads?f_ri=7088"},{"id":120972,"name":"Muslims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslims?f_ri=7088"},{"id":125423,"name":"Jihadism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jihadism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":129588,"name":"Al-andalus fortificaciones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-andalus_fortificaciones?f_ri=7088"},{"id":139077,"name":"Islamic Economic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economic?f_ri=7088"},{"id":142723,"name":"Islamic art and architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_art_and_architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":145112,"name":"Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":179415,"name":"Morocco (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morocco_Archaeology_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":185778,"name":"Medieval archeology, landscape archeology, Al-Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_archeology_landscape_archeology_Al-Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":187062,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa-1?f_ri=7088"},{"id":192978,"name":"Andalusian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalusian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":214111,"name":"Andalusi Arabic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalusi_Arabic?f_ri=7088"},{"id":232784,"name":"Castilla y León","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n?f_ri=7088"},{"id":235700,"name":"Islamic and medieval iberian numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_and_medieval_iberian_numismatics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":258620,"name":"History and archaeology of al-Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_archaeology_of_al-Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":288368,"name":"Berbers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Berbers?f_ri=7088"},{"id":332531,"name":"Castilla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castilla?f_ri=7088"},{"id":344992,"name":"Andalusian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalusian_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":374927,"name":"Al-Andalus. Religious tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Andalus._Religious_tolerance?f_ri=7088"},{"id":382919,"name":"Islamic conquest of Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_conquest_of_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":399027,"name":"Reinos de Taifas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reinos_de_Taifas?f_ri=7088"},{"id":414228,"name":"History of Maghrib and Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Maghrib_and_Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":428389,"name":"Almohad Caliphate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Almohad_Caliphate?f_ri=7088"},{"id":433249,"name":"Early Medieval Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Period?f_ri=7088"},{"id":478252,"name":"Almohade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Almohade?f_ri=7088"},{"id":505231,"name":"Anthropology of Morocco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Morocco?f_ri=7088"},{"id":505853,"name":"Medieval Islamic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic?f_ri=7088"},{"id":510332,"name":"Historia de Castilla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_Castilla?f_ri=7088"},{"id":573285,"name":"Al-Andalus society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Andalus_society?f_ri=7088"},{"id":610307,"name":"Al Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al_Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":632311,"name":"Early Medieval North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_North_Africa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":665445,"name":"Numismatics of Al-Andalus and Early Medieval North Africa.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics_of_Al-Andalus_and_Early_Medieval_North_Africa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":686984,"name":"Marrakech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marrakech?f_ri=7088"},{"id":721113,"name":"North African literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_African_literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":728664,"name":"Religious Cults","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Cults?f_ri=7088"},{"id":751575,"name":"Arabs and Berbers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabs_and_Berbers?f_ri=7088"},{"id":759153,"name":"medieval islam and Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/medieval_islam_and_Judaism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":952334,"name":"Mysticism In Al Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mysticism_In_Al_Andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":970152,"name":"Mahdism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mahdism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":974358,"name":"Representations of Muslims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representations_of_Muslims?f_ri=7088"},{"id":975239,"name":"History of Medieval Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medieval_Islam?f_ri=7088"},{"id":982199,"name":"Research Area: North Africa (Berbers / Imazighen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Area_North_Africa_Berbers_Imazighen?f_ri=7088"},{"id":982258,"name":"Intellectual History of Al andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Al_andalus?f_ri=7088"},{"id":986722,"name":"Morocco. Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morocco._Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":991459,"name":"Specialy of Al Andalus . Items: Functional Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specialy_of_Al_Andalus_._Items_Functional_Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1044467,"name":"Monedas Almohades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monedas_Almohades?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2899814,"name":"Medieval Islamic and Turco-Iranian world, Mongol world empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_and_Turco-Iranian_world_Mongol_world_empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2899815,"name":"Seljuk, Mongol, post-Mongol, and Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seljuk_Mongol_post-Mongol_and_Ottoman_Anatolia_1200-1500_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2899816,"name":"Comparative empire, frontier, and political culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_empire_frontier_and_political_culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2899817,"name":"Persian and Ottoman Turkish historical writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_and_Ottoman_Turkish_historical_writing?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16080925" data-work_id="16080925" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16080925/SAND%C3%8DA_Origen_etimol%C3%B3gico_fijado_por_Enrique_Cabrejas">SANDÍA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">SANDÍA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es una comunicación por la cual el etimólogo determina que el nombre singular de género femenino en lengua española SANDÍA, es un sintagma ibérico que significa: ROJA DEL TIEMPO. Con... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16080925" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">SANDÍA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es una comunicación por la cual el etimólogo determina que el nombre singular de género femenino en lengua española SANDÍA, es un sintagma ibérico que significa: ROJA DEL TIEMPO. Con este estudio nos transmite una epistemología que ha estado inédita durante miles de años. Esta novedosa teoría del conocimiento tiene un razonamiento que puede sustentar empíricamente en un origen etimológico que se encuentra en un ACRÓNIMO IBÉRICO. Es una locución para esta fruta dada por nuestros antepasados y que ha permanecido desde hace miles de años preexistente en el léxico español. Es el resultado de aglutinar dos participaciones en una frase con sujeto y predicado: el sustantivo ibérico ZAN que significa ROJA más el adverbio ibérico DIA que significa DURANTE, o que también quiere decir POR, EN MEDIO DE, TIEMPO o TEMPORADA.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16080925" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd03373ff256cda43f2ddcf7d3f9f9c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38865367,"asset_id":16080925,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38865367/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3435117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas">enrique cabrejas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3435117" type="text/json">{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16080925 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16080925"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16080925, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16080925", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16080925 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16080925; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16080925"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16080925 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16080925"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16080925; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16080925]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16080925").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16080925").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16080925"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology">Philology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97" type="text/json">{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16080925]'), work: {"id":16080925,"title":"SANDÍA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas","created_at":"2015-09-23T06:42:40.449-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16080925/SAND%C3%8DA_Origen_etimol%C3%B3gico_fijado_por_Enrique_Cabrejas?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_16080925","summary":"SANDÍA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es una comunicación por la cual el etimólogo determina que el nombre singular de género femenino en lengua española SANDÍA, es un sintagma ibérico que significa: ROJA DEL TIEMPO. Con este estudio nos transmite una epistemología que ha estado inédita durante miles de años. Esta novedosa teoría del conocimiento tiene un razonamiento que puede sustentar empíricamente en un origen etimológico que se encuentra en un ACRÓNIMO IBÉRICO. Es una locución para esta fruta dada por nuestros antepasados y que ha permanecido desde hace miles de años preexistente en el léxico español. Es el resultado de aglutinar dos participaciones en una frase con sujeto y predicado: el sustantivo ibérico ZAN que significa ROJA más el adverbio ibérico DIA que significa DURANTE, o que también quiere decir POR, EN MEDIO DE, TIEMPO o TEMPORADA. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38865367,"asset_id":16080925,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12880,"name":"Spain (Mediterranean Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_Mediterranean_Studies_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13638,"name":"Spanish Grammar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Grammar?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13639,"name":"Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26916,"name":"Spain (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":27857,"name":"Filosofia Del Lenguaje","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia_Del_Lenguaje?f_ri=7088"},{"id":36557,"name":"Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":41992,"name":"Filología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":61251,"name":"Filosofía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":64397,"name":"Español","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1ol?f_ri=7088"},{"id":73569,"name":"Geografia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geografia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":120351,"name":"España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088"},{"id":154744,"name":"Español Lengua Extranjera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1ol_Lengua_Extranjera?f_ri=7088"},{"id":223479,"name":"Filología Hispánica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filolog%C3%ADa_Hisp%C3%A1nica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":317386,"name":"Gramàtica Espanola","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram%C3%A0tica_Espanola?f_ri=7088"},{"id":426208,"name":"Filology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1198428,"name":"Filosofia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44135296" data-work_id="44135296" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44135296/Miseric%C3%B3rdia_Leiria_e_seus_benfeitores_s%C3%A9cs_XVI_a_XVIII">Misericórdia Leiria e seus benfeitores sécs. XVI a XVIII.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44135296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8199c85f53ba8a50db30c3c340ac751e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64487535,"asset_id":44135296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64487535/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="978747" href="https://coimbra.academia.edu/SaulAnt%C3%B3nioGomes">Saul António Gomes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="978747" type="text/json">{"id":978747,"first_name":"Saul António","last_name":"Gomes","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"SaulAntónioGomes","display_name":"Saul António Gomes","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/SaulAnt%C3%B3nioGomes?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/978747/726664/1005972/s65_saul_ant_nio.gomes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44135296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44135296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44135296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44135296", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44135296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44135296; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44135296"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44135296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44135296"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44135296; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44135296]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44135296").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44135296").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44135296"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4537" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Portuguese_History">Early Modern Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4537" type="text/json">{"id":4537,"name":"Early Modern Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="441583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confraternities_studies">Confraternities studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="441583" type="text/json">{"id":441583,"name":"Confraternities studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confraternities_studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44135296]'), work: {"id":44135296,"title":"Misericórdia Leiria e seus benfeitores sécs. XVI a XVIII.","created_at":"2020-09-21T14:45:17.519-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44135296/Miseric%C3%B3rdia_Leiria_e_seus_benfeitores_s%C3%A9cs_XVI_a_XVIII?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_44135296","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64487535,"asset_id":44135296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":978747,"first_name":"Saul António","last_name":"Gomes","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"SaulAntónioGomes","display_name":"Saul António Gomes","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/SaulAnt%C3%B3nioGomes?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/978747/726664/1005972/s65_saul_ant_nio.gomes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":4537,"name":"Early Modern Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":441583,"name":"Confraternities studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confraternities_studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1235761" data-work_id="1235761" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1235761/Convento_franciscano_de_Lima_uma_obra_seiscentista_de_um_engenheiro_e_arquitecto_portugu%C3%AAs">Convento franciscano de Lima: uma obra seiscentista de um engenheiro e arquitecto português</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Constantino Vasconcellos (+1668), was a portuguese engineer and architect, probably from Braga, the most Baroque portuguese city. He arrived at Peru Vice-Reign around 1629, and worked at Huancavelica, Oruro, Potosí and Lima. In 1645... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1235761" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Constantino Vasconcellos (+1668), was a portuguese engineer and architect, probably from Braga, the most Baroque portuguese city. <br /> <br />He arrived at Peru Vice-Reign around 1629, and worked at Huancavelica, Oruro, Potosí and Lima. In 1645 he participated at Valdívia river fortifications. <br /> <br />When in 1656, an earthquake destroided Lima's franciscan convent, Constantino was invited to project the new one. The huge construction with its 5 cloisters become the biggest convent of the Americas. <br /> <br />ERRATA: na página 213, onde se lê 'completar', deve-se ler 'contemplar'."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1235761" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc09dc7c2fb6f1993dc648d93ea9e64d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":19247086,"asset_id":1235761,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/19247086/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1972150" href="https://ucp.academia.edu/AnaAssisPacheco">Ana Assis Pacheco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1972150" type="text/json">{"id":1972150,"first_name":"Ana","last_name":"Assis Pacheco","domain_name":"ucp","page_name":"AnaAssisPacheco","display_name":"Ana Assis Pacheco","profile_url":"https://ucp.academia.edu/AnaAssisPacheco?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1972150/654942/60092120/s65_ana.assis_pacheco.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1235761 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1235761"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1235761, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1235761", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1235761 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1235761; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1235761"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1235761 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1235761"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1235761; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1235761]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1235761").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1235761").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1235761"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="909" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies">Tourism Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="909" type="text/json">{"id":909,"name":"Tourism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1174" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies">Spanish Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1174" type="text/json">{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1235761]'), work: {"id":1235761,"title":"Convento franciscano de Lima: uma obra seiscentista de um engenheiro e arquitecto português","created_at":"2012-06-18T20:04:37.069-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1235761/Convento_franciscano_de_Lima_uma_obra_seiscentista_de_um_engenheiro_e_arquitecto_portugu%C3%AAs?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_1235761","summary":"Constantino Vasconcellos (+1668), was a portuguese engineer and architect, probably from Braga, the most Baroque portuguese city. \r\n\r\nHe arrived at Peru Vice-Reign around 1629, and worked at Huancavelica, Oruro, Potosí and Lima. In 1645 he participated at Valdívia river fortifications.\r\n\r\nWhen in 1656, an earthquake destroided Lima's franciscan convent, Constantino was invited to project the new one. The huge construction with its 5 cloisters become the biggest convent of the Americas.\r\n\r\nERRATA: na página 213, onde se lê 'completar', deve-se ler 'contemplar'.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":19247086,"asset_id":1235761,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1972150,"first_name":"Ana","last_name":"Assis Pacheco","domain_name":"ucp","page_name":"AnaAssisPacheco","display_name":"Ana Assis Pacheco","profile_url":"https://ucp.academia.edu/AnaAssisPacheco?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1972150/654942/60092120/s65_ana.assis_pacheco.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":909,"name":"Tourism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5459,"name":"Cultural Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6735,"name":"Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7860,"name":"Cultural Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Tourism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10855,"name":"Franciscan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Franciscan_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":11975,"name":"Peru","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peru?f_ri=7088"},{"id":14893,"name":"Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":16716,"name":"Monastic Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":22318,"name":"Peruvian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peruvian_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":22405,"name":"Baroque art and architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baroque_art_and_architecture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26308,"name":"Church monuments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_monuments?f_ri=7088"},{"id":32248,"name":"History of Construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Construction?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49836,"name":"Arquitectura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arquitectura?f_ri=7088"},{"id":77877,"name":"Lima","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lima?f_ri=7088"},{"id":79548,"name":"Arquitetura e Urbanismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arquitetura_e_Urbanismo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":106094,"name":"Monumentality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monumentality?f_ri=7088"},{"id":137279,"name":"Sacred Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacred_Space?f_ri=7088"},{"id":487118,"name":"Turismo Cultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turismo_Cultural?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43144119" data-work_id="43144119" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43144119/Comunidade_judaica_de_coimbra_medieval_livro">Comunidade judaica de coimbra medieval livro</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The history of the Coimbra's Jewish community . Middle Ages.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43144119" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="384f0943349fc5d582d7ead87c164906" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63403685,"asset_id":43144119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63403685/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="978747" href="https://coimbra.academia.edu/SaulAnt%C3%B3nioGomes">Saul António Gomes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="978747" type="text/json">{"id":978747,"first_name":"Saul António","last_name":"Gomes","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"SaulAntónioGomes","display_name":"Saul António Gomes","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/SaulAnt%C3%B3nioGomes?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/978747/726664/1005972/s65_saul_ant_nio.gomes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43144119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43144119"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43144119, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43144119", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43144119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43144119; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43144119"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43144119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43144119"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43144119; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43144119]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43144119").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43144119").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43144119"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="983" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies">Jewish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="983" type="text/json">{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43144119]'), work: {"id":43144119,"title":"Comunidade judaica de coimbra medieval livro","created_at":"2020-05-23T06:03:33.241-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43144119/Comunidade_judaica_de_coimbra_medieval_livro?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_43144119","summary":"The history of the Coimbra's Jewish community . Middle Ages.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63403685,"asset_id":43144119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":978747,"first_name":"Saul António","last_name":"Gomes","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"SaulAntónioGomes","display_name":"Saul António Gomes","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/SaulAnt%C3%B3nioGomes?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/978747/726664/1005972/s65_saul_ant_nio.gomes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":23394,"name":"Jewish historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_historiography?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4303111" data-work_id="4303111" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4303111/The_Singapore_Straits_in_the_Latter_Middle_Ages_and_the_Early_Modern_Period_c_13th_17th_Centuries_Facts_Fancy_and_Historiographical_Challenges">The Singapore Straits in the Latter Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period (c.13th-17th Centuries): Facts, Fancy and Historiographical Challenges</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present paper explores the shifting roles and understandings of the Singapore Straits from the latter Middle Ages until the opening decades of the eighteenth century. In pursuing this task, I will develop a set of basic questions that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4303111" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present paper explores the shifting roles and understandings of the Singapore Straits from the latter Middle Ages until the opening decades of the eighteenth century. In pursuing this task, I will develop a set of basic questions that historicize and problematize the roles, functions and understandings of the Straits across the centuries, and also tease out historical and historiographical paradigms shaping and underpinning the understanding of the region’s past. In pursuing this programme I will make use of a broad range of sources including chronicles and histories, letters and treaties, navigational instructions and travel literature, as well as (European) cartography of the 16th to 18th centuries. In order to gain deeper appreciation of the multi-faceted roles and understandings of the Singapore Straits across the longue durée, I  not only adduce and evaluate materials of European colonial origin, but importantly also heed special attention to sources of Asian origin in general, and specifically to materials that have originally been written in Arabic, Malay, Chinese and have been made accessible to the wider reading public in various contemporary translations. The modes of enquiry and the insights brought to paper here differ both in terms of scope and objectives from my earlier findings expounded in The Singapore and Melaka Straits published in 2010.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4303111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a4c23f494b8caf429637c0a7c98eb01" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39631920,"asset_id":4303111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39631920/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5205263" href="https://nus.academia.edu/PeterBorschberg">Peter Borschberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5205263" type="text/json">{"id":5205263,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Borschberg","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"PeterBorschberg","display_name":"Peter Borschberg","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/PeterBorschberg?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5205263/2293146/36384048/s65_peter.borschberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4303111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4303111"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4303111, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4303111", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4303111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4303111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4303111"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4303111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4303111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4303111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4303111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4303111").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4303111").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4303111"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">73</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="138" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History">Diplomatic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="138" type="text/json">{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4303111]'), work: {"id":4303111,"title":"The Singapore Straits in the Latter Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period (c.13th-17th Centuries): Facts, Fancy and Historiographical Challenges","created_at":"2013-08-22T13:44:41.443-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4303111/The_Singapore_Straits_in_the_Latter_Middle_Ages_and_the_Early_Modern_Period_c_13th_17th_Centuries_Facts_Fancy_and_Historiographical_Challenges?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_4303111","summary":"The present paper explores the shifting roles and understandings of the Singapore Straits from the latter Middle Ages until the opening decades of the eighteenth century. In pursuing this task, I will develop a set of basic questions that historicize and problematize the roles, functions and understandings of the Straits across the centuries, and also tease out historical and historiographical paradigms shaping and underpinning the understanding of the region’s past. In pursuing this programme I will make use of a broad range of sources including chronicles and histories, letters and treaties, navigational instructions and travel literature, as well as (European) cartography of the 16th to 18th centuries. In order to gain deeper appreciation of the multi-faceted roles and understandings of the Singapore Straits across the longue durée, I not only adduce and evaluate materials of European colonial origin, but importantly also heed special attention to sources of Asian origin in general, and specifically to materials that have originally been written in Arabic, Malay, Chinese and have been made accessible to the wider reading public in various contemporary translations. The modes of enquiry and the insights brought to paper here differ both in terms of scope and objectives from my earlier findings expounded in The Singapore and Melaka Straits published in 2010.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39631920,"asset_id":4303111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5205263,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Borschberg","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"PeterBorschberg","display_name":"Peter Borschberg","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/PeterBorschberg?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5205263/2293146/36384048/s65_peter.borschberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3661,"name":"Sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4157,"name":"Naval Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Warfare?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4409,"name":"Naval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4537,"name":"Early Modern Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6195,"name":"Portuguese Colonialism and Decolonizaton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Colonialism_and_Decolonizaton?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7139,"name":"Maritime Routes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Routes?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7142,"name":"Commercial Routes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Routes?f_ri=7088"},{"id":8787,"name":"Singapore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Singapore?f_ri=7088"},{"id":8869,"name":"Law of the Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_the_Sea?f_ri=7088"},{"id":9830,"name":"History of Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Piracy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13299,"name":"Southeast Asian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":16969,"name":"History, Writing and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Writing_and_Memory?f_ri=7088"},{"id":18673,"name":"Economic history/Trade history/Oriental trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_history_Trade_history_Oriental_trade?f_ri=7088"},{"id":19455,"name":"Early Modern economic and social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_economic_and_social_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":21168,"name":"Strategy (Business)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Business_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":29245,"name":"Southeast Asian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":32014,"name":"Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade?f_ri=7088"},{"id":37110,"name":"Maritime Piracy and Transnational Criminal Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Piracy_and_Transnational_Criminal_Organizations?f_ri=7088"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=7088"},{"id":48603,"name":"Singapore History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Singapore_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":50974,"name":"Singapore Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Singapore_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=7088"},{"id":62467,"name":"Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":65700,"name":"Geschichte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geschichte?f_ri=7088"},{"id":65822,"name":"Dutch East India Company","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dutch_East_India_Company?f_ri=7088"},{"id":104788,"name":"História","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria?f_ri=7088"},{"id":104797,"name":"Histoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":116212,"name":"Sejarah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sejarah?f_ri=7088"},{"id":117855,"name":"Maritime Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":182993,"name":"Maritime Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Piracy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":195481,"name":"Geopolítica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":235694,"name":"Malaysian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysian_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":255539,"name":"17th Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/17th_Century_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":273287,"name":"Johor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Johor?f_ri=7088"},{"id":347292,"name":"State sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_sovereignty?f_ri=7088"},{"id":371309,"name":"Malacca past history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malacca_past_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":375195,"name":"Malacca early history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malacca_early_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":412987,"name":"Soberania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soberania?f_ri=7088"},{"id":435029,"name":"Souveränität","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Souveranitat?f_ri=7088"},{"id":507124,"name":"Geschiedenis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geschiedenis?f_ri=7088"},{"id":648975,"name":"Trade Routes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Routes?f_ri=7088"},{"id":699098,"name":"Sejarah Melayu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sejarah_Melayu?f_ri=7088"},{"id":777878,"name":"Soberanía Nacional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soberania_Nacional?f_ri=7088"},{"id":968791,"name":"Straits of Malacca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Straits_of_Malacca?f_ri=7088"},{"id":996665,"name":"Souveraineté/démocratie/Etat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Souverainete_democratie_Etat?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1014155,"name":"Souverainete","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Souverainete?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1023350,"name":"Ports \u0026 Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports_and_Maritime_Security?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1032993,"name":"Early Modern Travel and Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Travel_and_Empire?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33795959" data-work_id="33795959" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33795959/A_VISITA_R%C3%89GIA_%C3%80_ILHA_TERCEIRA">A VISITA RÉGIA À ILHA TERCEIRA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33795959" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad0b6411baf95bedb7f12504f2454d01" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53782497,"asset_id":33795959,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53782497/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="834371" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoMiguelNogueira">Francisco Miguel Nogueira</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="834371" type="text/json">{"id":834371,"first_name":"Francisco Miguel","last_name":"Nogueira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranciscoMiguelNogueira","display_name":"Francisco Miguel Nogueira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoMiguelNogueira?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/834371/292538/21053335/s65_francisco_miguel.nogueira.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33795959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33795959"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33795959, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33795959", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33795959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33795959; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33795959"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33795959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33795959"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33795959; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33795959]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33795959").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33795959").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33795959"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20433" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire">History of the Portuguese Empire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20433" type="text/json">{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34425" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monarchy">Monarchy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34425" type="text/json">{"id":34425,"name":"Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monarchy?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33795959]'), work: {"id":33795959,"title":"A VISITA RÉGIA À ILHA TERCEIRA","created_at":"2017-07-06T15:20:53.734-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33795959/A_VISITA_R%C3%89GIA_%C3%80_ILHA_TERCEIRA?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_33795959","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53782497,"asset_id":33795959,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":834371,"first_name":"Francisco Miguel","last_name":"Nogueira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranciscoMiguelNogueira","display_name":"Francisco Miguel Nogueira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoMiguelNogueira?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/834371/292538/21053335/s65_francisco_miguel.nogueira.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":34425,"name":"Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monarchy?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":37681,"name":"Portugal (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal_History_?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15327105" data-work_id="15327105" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15327105/MARIPOSA_Origen_etimol%C3%B3gico_fijado_por_Enrique_Cabrejas">MARIPOSA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">MARIPOSA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es un comunicado por el cual el etimólogo expone aplicando su Teoría de los Acrónimos Ibéricos que la denominación dada a este insecto en lengua española es el fruto de un... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15327105" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">MARIPOSA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es un comunicado por el cual el etimólogo expone aplicando su Teoría de los Acrónimos Ibéricos que la denominación dada a este insecto en lengua española es el fruto de un antiquísimo acrónimo ibérico y que su significado es el de PASAJERA, FUGAZ o MARCHITA. Una locución dada por nuestros antepasados ibéricos y que ha permanecido desde hace miles de años preexistente en el léxico español.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15327105" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cd9a4cae7cd35c15728d91984f8262e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38635666,"asset_id":15327105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38635666/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3435117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas">enrique cabrejas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3435117" type="text/json">{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15327105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15327105"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15327105, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15327105", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15327105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15327105; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15327105"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15327105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15327105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15327105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15327105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15327105").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15327105").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15327105"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology">Philology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97" type="text/json">{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15327105]'), work: {"id":15327105,"title":"MARIPOSA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas","created_at":"2015-09-01T09:31:55.671-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15327105/MARIPOSA_Origen_etimol%C3%B3gico_fijado_por_Enrique_Cabrejas?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_15327105","summary":"MARIPOSA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es un comunicado por el cual el etimólogo expone aplicando su Teoría de los Acrónimos Ibéricos que la denominación dada a este insecto en lengua española es el fruto de un antiquísimo acrónimo ibérico y que su significado es el de PASAJERA, FUGAZ o MARCHITA. Una locución dada por nuestros antepasados ibéricos y que ha permanecido desde hace miles de años preexistente en el léxico español. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38635666,"asset_id":15327105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2544,"name":"Spanish Literature (Peninsular)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature_Peninsular_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13639,"name":"Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26916,"name":"Spain (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":36557,"name":"Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":41992,"name":"Filología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":61251,"name":"Filosofía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":64397,"name":"Español","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1ol?f_ri=7088"},{"id":93278,"name":"Lenguaje","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lenguaje?f_ri=7088"},{"id":120351,"name":"España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088"},{"id":154744,"name":"Español Lengua Extranjera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1ol_Lengua_Extranjera?f_ri=7088"},{"id":223479,"name":"Filología Hispánica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filolog%C3%ADa_Hisp%C3%A1nica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":333618,"name":"Humanidades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanidades?f_ri=7088"},{"id":426208,"name":"Filology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1109750,"name":"Ciencias Sociales Y Humanidades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencias_Sociales_Y_Humanidades?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1198428,"name":"Filosofia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21956822" data-work_id="21956822" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21956822/The_History_of_Trincomalee_during_Portuguese_and_Dutch_rule_Ramerini_Marco">The History of Trincomalee during Portuguese and Dutch rule - Ramerini Marco</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper version: <a href="https://www.etabeta-ps.com/scheda-libro/marco-ramerini/the-history-of-trincomalee-during-portuguese-and-dutch-rule-979-12-5585-588-0-4440.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.etabeta-ps.com/scheda-libro/marco-ramerini/the-history-of-trincomalee-during-portuguese-and-dutch-rule-979-12-5585-588-0-4440.html</a> Also available on Amazon worldwide:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21956822" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper version: <a href="https://www.etabeta-ps.com/scheda-libro/marco-ramerini/the-history-of-trincomalee-during-portuguese-and-dutch-rule-979-12-5585-588-0-4440.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.etabeta-ps.com/scheda-libro/marco-ramerini/the-history-of-trincomalee-during-portuguese-and-dutch-rule-979-12-5585-588-0-4440.html</a> <br /> <br />Also available on Amazon worldwide: <a href="https://www.amazon.it/history-Trincomalee-during-portuguese-History/dp/B0D8N1ZS1W/" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.it/history-Trincomalee-during-portuguese-History/dp/B0D8N1ZS1W/</a> <br /> <br />INDEX: <br />1.0 - The History of Trincomalee during Portuguese and Dutch rule: Introduction <br />2.0 - Trincomalee: The first contacts with the Portuguese <br />3.0 - Trincomalee: The arrival of the Danes, the Dutch and the construction of the Portuguese Fort <br />4.0 - Trincomalee: The Dutch conquest and the abandonment of the Fort <br />5.0 - Trincomalee: The new Dutch occupation and the reconstruction of the Fort <br />6.0 - Trincomalee: The French attempt <br />7.0 - Trincomalee: The consolidation of the Dutch presence <br />8.0 - Trincomalee: The first British occupation and the definitive Dutch surrender <br />9.0 - Trincomalee: Bibliography. The History of Trincomalee (Sri Lanka) during Portuguese and Dutch rule <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.colonialvoyage.com/history-trincomalee-portuguese-dutch-rule-introduction/" rel="nofollow">https://www.colonialvoyage.com/history-trincomalee-portuguese-dutch-rule-introduction/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21956822" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c58782402679fc857dcd469d3bea5053" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":114701257,"asset_id":21956822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/114701257/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6542553" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoRamerini">Marco Ramerini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6542553" type="text/json">{"id":6542553,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Ramerini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcoRamerini","display_name":"Marco Ramerini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoRamerini?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6542553/11568492/12901645/s65_marco.ramerini.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21956822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21956822"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21956822, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21956822", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21956822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21956822; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21956822"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21956822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21956822"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21956822; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21956822]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21956822").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21956822").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21956822"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies">Portuguese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2222" type="text/json">{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4916" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion">Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4916" type="text/json">{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6888" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_History">Indian Ocean History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6888" type="text/json">{"id":6888,"name":"Indian Ocean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21956822]'), work: {"id":21956822,"title":"The History of Trincomalee during Portuguese and Dutch rule - Ramerini Marco","created_at":"2016-02-14T09:56:24.683-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21956822/The_History_of_Trincomalee_during_Portuguese_and_Dutch_rule_Ramerini_Marco?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_21956822","summary":"The paper version: https://www.etabeta-ps.com/scheda-libro/marco-ramerini/the-history-of-trincomalee-during-portuguese-and-dutch-rule-979-12-5585-588-0-4440.html\r\n\r\nAlso available on Amazon worldwide: https://www.amazon.it/history-Trincomalee-during-portuguese-History/dp/B0D8N1ZS1W/\r\n\r\nINDEX:\r\n1.0 - The History of Trincomalee during Portuguese and Dutch rule: Introduction\r\n2.0 - Trincomalee: The first contacts with the Portuguese\r\n3.0 - Trincomalee: The arrival of the Danes, the Dutch and the construction of the Portuguese Fort\r\n4.0 - Trincomalee: The Dutch conquest and the abandonment of the Fort\r\n5.0 - Trincomalee: The new Dutch occupation and the reconstruction of the Fort\r\n6.0 - Trincomalee: The French attempt\r\n7.0 - Trincomalee: The consolidation of the Dutch presence\r\n8.0 - Trincomalee: The first British occupation and the definitive Dutch surrender\r\n9.0 - Trincomalee: Bibliography. The History of Trincomalee (Sri Lanka) during Portuguese and Dutch rule\r\n\r\nhttps://www.colonialvoyage.com/history-trincomalee-portuguese-dutch-rule-introduction/","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":114701257,"asset_id":21956822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6542553,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Ramerini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcoRamerini","display_name":"Marco Ramerini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoRamerini?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6542553/11568492/12901645/s65_marco.ramerini.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6888,"name":"Indian Ocean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":9850,"name":"Sri Lanka","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Lanka?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12181,"name":"French colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_colonialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":25275,"name":"Indian Ocean World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_World?f_ri=7088"},{"id":30707,"name":"Indian Ocean Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_Trade?f_ri=7088"},{"id":43022,"name":"Portuguese India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_India?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49917,"name":"Dutch History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dutch_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":65822,"name":"Dutch East India Company","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dutch_East_India_Company?f_ri=7088"},{"id":167849,"name":"History of Sri Lanka","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Sri_Lanka?f_ri=7088"},{"id":218722,"name":"Dutch overseas history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dutch_overseas_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":253522,"name":"Dutch East Indies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dutch_East_Indies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":358703,"name":"Indo-Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":690103,"name":"the Dutch East India Trading Company","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/the_Dutch_East_India_Trading_Company?f_ri=7088"},{"id":813069,"name":"Danish Colonial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danish_Colonial_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":827186,"name":"Indian Ocean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":924301,"name":"History of Ceylon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ceylon?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1004207,"name":"Ceylon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceylon?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1096933,"name":"Sri Lankan Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Lankan_Church_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1917935,"name":"French presence in india","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_presence_in_india?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2169170,"name":"Danish colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danish_colonialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2366545,"name":"Portuguese Ceylon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Ceylon?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7528627" data-work_id="7528627" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7528627/El_origen_del_nombre_TOLEDO">El origen del nombre TOLEDO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El origen del nombre Toledo, es un extracto del libro Karuo el secreto ibero, por el cual Enrique Cabrejas o Enric Cabrejas nos relata de modo llano su experiencia personal con lo extraordinario de un descubrimiento. El 21 de Abril de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7528627" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El origen del nombre Toledo, es un extracto del libro Karuo el secreto ibero, por el cual Enrique Cabrejas o Enric Cabrejas nos relata de modo llano su experiencia personal con lo extraordinario de un descubrimiento. El 21 de Abril de 2012 consiguió lo que parecía imposible: Descifrar la escritura ibérica. El hallazgo más relevante de la cultura universal en nuestro país de los últimos tiempos, sin lugar a dudas. Un hito en la historia de la escritura sin precedentes. Desde este mismo instante la obra Karuo de Enrique Cabrejas lo convierte en un referente destacado a nivel mundial en historia y lingüística. Los innumerables datos, explicaciones, pruebas y significados que nos reporta nunca conocidos antes, son una referencia obligada para todos aquellos que quieran comprender la historia, la lengua antigua e incluso también la moderna de nuestro país o para quienes en el futuro deseen estudiarla e investigarla en profundidad, más si cabe desde el mundo académico.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7528627" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db3888d9b48fd0ac76c40dbe5e86ca40" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34135772,"asset_id":7528627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34135772/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3435117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas">enrique cabrejas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3435117" type="text/json">{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7528627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7528627"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7528627, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7528627", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7528627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7528627; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7528627"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7528627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7528627"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7528627; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7528627]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7528627").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7528627").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7528627"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">103</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology">Philology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97" type="text/json">{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7528627]'), work: {"id":7528627,"title":"El origen del nombre TOLEDO","created_at":"2014-07-01T23:49:38.062-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7528627/El_origen_del_nombre_TOLEDO?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_7528627","summary":"El origen del nombre Toledo, es un extracto del libro Karuo el secreto ibero, por el cual Enrique Cabrejas o Enric Cabrejas nos relata de modo llano su experiencia personal con lo extraordinario de un descubrimiento. El 21 de Abril de 2012 consiguió lo que parecía imposible: Descifrar la escritura ibérica. El hallazgo más relevante de la cultura universal en nuestro país de los últimos tiempos, sin lugar a dudas. Un hito en la historia de la escritura sin precedentes. Desde este mismo instante la obra Karuo de Enrique Cabrejas lo convierte en un referente destacado a nivel mundial en historia y lingüística. Los innumerables datos, explicaciones, pruebas y significados que nos reporta nunca conocidos antes, son una referencia obligada para todos aquellos que quieran comprender la historia, la lengua antigua e incluso también la moderna de nuestro país o para quienes en el futuro deseen estudiarla e investigarla en profundidad, más si cabe desde el mundo académico. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34135772,"asset_id":7528627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=7088"},{"id":266,"name":"Historical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Geography?f_ri=7088"},{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":792,"name":"Historical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=7088"},{"id":825,"name":"Medieval Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Philosophy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2280,"name":"Historical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Theology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2544,"name":"Spanish Literature (Peninsular)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature_Peninsular_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=7088"},{"id":5960,"name":"Continental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_Philosophy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":8700,"name":"Turkish and Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10551,"name":"Ancient Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Historiography?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12880,"name":"Spain (Mediterranean Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_Mediterranean_Studies_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13637,"name":"Hispanic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hispanic_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13638,"name":"Spanish Grammar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Grammar?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13639,"name":"Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":18118,"name":"Ancient Greek Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Religion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":18609,"name":"Cultural Historical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Historical_Geography?f_ri=7088"},{"id":21645,"name":"Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Iberian_Peninsula_Archaeology_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":21938,"name":"History of Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Historiography?f_ri=7088"},{"id":23489,"name":"Celtiberian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtiberian_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":25198,"name":"Ancient Greek Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Philosophy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26916,"name":"Spain (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":27857,"name":"Filosofia Del Lenguaje","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia_Del_Lenguaje?f_ri=7088"},{"id":36635,"name":"Contemporary History of Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_History_of_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":38849,"name":"The Iberian kingdoms of Leon and Castile, 8th. - 12th. centuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Iberian_kingdoms_of_Leon_and_Castile_8th._-_12th._centuries?f_ri=7088"},{"id":38851,"name":"Medieval Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":41992,"name":"Filología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":42066,"name":"Early modern Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_modern_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":46524,"name":"Hispanic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hispanic_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":47241,"name":"Estudios Culturales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estudios_Culturales?f_ri=7088"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49565,"name":"Filosofía Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa_Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":50365,"name":"Filosofie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofie?f_ri=7088"},{"id":52660,"name":"Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protohistoric_Iberian_Peninsula?f_ri=7088"},{"id":55322,"name":"Kingdom of Castile in the Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingdom_of_Castile_in_the_Middle_Ages?f_ri=7088"},{"id":58170,"name":"Periodismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Periodismo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":61156,"name":"Filosofía de la Ciencia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa_de_la_Ciencia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":61251,"name":"Filosofía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":61601,"name":"Journals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journals?f_ri=7088"},{"id":71918,"name":"Patrimonio Cultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patrimonio_Cultural?f_ri=7088"},{"id":79124,"name":"Antropología filosófica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropolog%C3%ADa_filos%C3%B3fica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":80173,"name":"Spanish Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":80480,"name":"Medieval History of Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History_of_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":89683,"name":"Roman Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":107612,"name":"Historia de España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088"},{"id":114566,"name":"Historia Cultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Cultural?f_ri=7088"},{"id":147979,"name":"Celtiberian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtiberian?f_ri=7088"},{"id":156839,"name":"Spanish Literature of the Golden Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature_of_the_Golden_Age?f_ri=7088"},{"id":223479,"name":"Filología Hispánica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filolog%C3%ADa_Hisp%C3%A1nica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":232784,"name":"Castilla y León","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n?f_ri=7088"},{"id":249231,"name":"Historia Contemporánea de España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea_de_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088"},{"id":310045,"name":"Historia de la lengua española","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_la_lengua_espanola?f_ri=7088"},{"id":332531,"name":"Castilla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castilla?f_ri=7088"},{"id":350556,"name":"Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Antigüedad Tardía, Roma, Hispania, Mundo Ibérico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia_Historia_Antigua_Antiguedad_Tardia_Roma_Hispania_Mundo_Iberico?f_ri=7088"},{"id":352224,"name":"Reino de Toledo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reino_de_Toledo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":355504,"name":"Toledo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toledo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":384832,"name":"Celtiberos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtiberos?f_ri=7088"},{"id":525347,"name":"Edad del Bronce de la Mancha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edad_del_Bronce_de_la_Mancha?f_ri=7088"},{"id":592757,"name":"Lettere e Filosofia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lettere_e_Filosofia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":596066,"name":"Castilla-La Mancha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castilla-La_Mancha?f_ri=7088"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=7088"},{"id":686482,"name":"CASTELLANOS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CASTELLANOS?f_ri=7088"},{"id":697470,"name":"Espanha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espanha?f_ri=7088"},{"id":701342,"name":"Kingdom of Toledo (567 - 711)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingdom_of_Toledo_567_-_711_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":828568,"name":"Língua Espanhola","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lingua_Espanhola?f_ri=7088"},{"id":843267,"name":"Espanhol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espanhol?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1198428,"name":"Filosofia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36291934" data-work_id="36291934" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36291934/_Portuguese_colonialism_in_Africa_">"Portuguese colonialism in Africa"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">in Thomas Spear, ed., Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 30 pp. Summary: The Portuguese colonial empire was the first and the last European empire overseas, from the conquest of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36291934" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">in Thomas Spear, ed., Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 30 pp. <br /> <br />Summary: <br />The Portuguese colonial empire was the first and the last European empire overseas, from the conquest of Ceuta (1415), in Morocco, North Africa, until the formal handover of Macau to the People’s Republic of China (1999). From the coastline excursions in Africa and the gradual establishment of trade routes in Asia and in the Indian Ocean and the <br />related emergence of the Estado da Índia (the Portuguese empire east of the Cape of Good Hope), to the colonization projects in the Americas, namely, in Brazil, and, in the second half of the 19th century, in Africa, the Portuguese empire assumed diverse configurations. All of these entailed expansionist projects and motivations—political, missionary, military, commercial—with changing dynamics, strongly conditioned by local <br />circumstances and powers. In Africa, actual colonization was a belated and convoluted process, which started and ended with violent conflicts, the so-called pacification campaigns of the 1890s, and the liberation wars of the 1960s and 1970s. In Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe, the Portuguese enacted numerous modalities of formalized rule, based on political, military, and religious apparatuses. These forms of control engaged with and impacted on local societies <br />differently. However, until the very end, coercive labor and tax exactions, racial discrimination, authoritarian politics, and economic exploitation were the fundamental pillars of Portuguese colonialism in Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36291934" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e7c02f3058e57f38759b955bff0c95b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56198071,"asset_id":36291934,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56198071/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2682094" href="https://uc-pt.academia.edu/MiguelBandeiraJer%C3%B3nimo">Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2682094" type="text/json">{"id":2682094,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Bandeira Jerónimo","domain_name":"uc-pt","page_name":"MiguelBandeiraJerónimo","display_name":"Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo","profile_url":"https://uc-pt.academia.edu/MiguelBandeiraJer%C3%B3nimo?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2682094/1119003/5284620/s65_miguel.bandeira_jer_nimo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36291934 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36291934"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36291934, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36291934", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36291934 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36291934; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36291934"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36291934 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36291934"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36291934; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36291934]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36291934").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36291934").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36291934"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1456" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese">Portuguese</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1456" type="text/json">{"id":1456,"name":"Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36291934]'), work: {"id":36291934,"title":"\"Portuguese colonialism in Africa\"","created_at":"2018-03-30T08:15:50.205-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36291934/_Portuguese_colonialism_in_Africa_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_36291934","summary":"in Thomas Spear, ed., Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 30 pp.\r\n\r\nSummary:\r\nThe Portuguese colonial empire was the first and the last European empire overseas, from the conquest of Ceuta (1415), in Morocco, North Africa, until the formal handover of Macau to the People’s Republic of China (1999). From the coastline excursions in Africa and the gradual establishment of trade routes in Asia and in the Indian Ocean and the\r\nrelated emergence of the Estado da Índia (the Portuguese empire east of the Cape of Good Hope), to the colonization projects in the Americas, namely, in Brazil, and, in the second half of the 19th century, in Africa, the Portuguese empire assumed diverse configurations. All of these entailed expansionist projects and motivations—political, missionary, military, commercial—with changing dynamics, strongly conditioned by local\r\ncircumstances and powers. In Africa, actual colonization was a belated and convoluted process, which started and ended with violent conflicts, the so-called pacification campaigns of the 1890s, and the liberation wars of the 1960s and 1970s. In Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe, the Portuguese enacted numerous modalities of formalized rule, based on political, military, and religious apparatuses. These forms of control engaged with and impacted on local societies\r\ndifferently. However, until the very end, coercive labor and tax exactions, racial discrimination, authoritarian politics, and economic exploitation were the fundamental pillars of Portuguese colonialism in Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56198071,"asset_id":36291934,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2682094,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Bandeira Jerónimo","domain_name":"uc-pt","page_name":"MiguelBandeiraJerónimo","display_name":"Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo","profile_url":"https://uc-pt.academia.edu/MiguelBandeiraJer%C3%B3nimo?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2682094/1119003/5284620/s65_miguel.bandeira_jer_nimo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1456,"name":"Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4723,"name":"Imperial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperial_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6195,"name":"Portuguese Colonialism and Decolonizaton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Colonialism_and_Decolonizaton?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7950,"name":"Guinea-Bissau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guinea-Bissau?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10007,"name":"Mozambique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mozambique?f_ri=7088"},{"id":11215,"name":"Empires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empires?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":21366,"name":"Angola","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angola?f_ri=7088"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":37681,"name":"Portugal (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":40285,"name":"Africana Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africana_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":52538,"name":"Cape Verde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cape_Verde?f_ri=7088"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=7088"},{"id":80078,"name":"Angolan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angolan_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":305834,"name":"History of Mozambique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mozambique?f_ri=7088"},{"id":562838,"name":"Imperialismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialismo?f_ri=7088"},{"id":563938,"name":"História de Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Portugal?f_ri=7088"},{"id":742575,"name":"São Tomé and Príncipe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe-1?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17577709" data-work_id="17577709" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17577709/Lu%C3%ADs_Fr%C3%B3is_d_1597_">Luís Fróis (d. 1597)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Christian-Muslim Relations Bibliographical History is an ambitious attempt to provide scholarly entries and bibliographies for all works written by Muslims about and against Christianity, and all works written by Christians about and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17577709" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Christian-Muslim Relations Bibliographical History is an ambitious attempt to provide scholarly entries and bibliographies for all works written by Muslims about and against Christianity, and all works written by Christians about and against Islam! This entry, published in volume 7 (16th century, 2015), concerns encounters along the western coast of India and the eastern coast of Africa between the Portuguese and Muslim kingdoms. Luis Frois is also famous for writing about Japan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17577709" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5772ebf8403966467bf90a2aee1bb139" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39591579,"asset_id":17577709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39591579/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2741042" href="https://saiacs.academia.edu/GordonNickel">Gordon D Nickel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2741042" type="text/json">{"id":2741042,"first_name":"Gordon","last_name":"Nickel","domain_name":"saiacs","page_name":"GordonNickel","display_name":"Gordon D Nickel","profile_url":"https://saiacs.academia.edu/GordonNickel?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2741042/887150/1108126/s65_gordon.nickel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17577709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17577709"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17577709, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17577709", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17577709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17577709; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17577709"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17577709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17577709"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17577709; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17577709]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17577709").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17577709").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17577709"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="387" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies">Japanese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="387" type="text/json">{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature">Portuguese and Brazilian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="666" type="text/json">{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2285" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missions_to_Asia">Missions to Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2285" type="text/json">{"id":2285,"name":"Missions to Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missions_to_Asia?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Religions">Japanese Religions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2400" type="text/json">{"id":2400,"name":"Japanese Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Religions?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17577709]'), work: {"id":17577709,"title":"Luís Fróis (d. 1597)","created_at":"2015-11-01T10:36:24.925-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17577709/Lu%C3%ADs_Fr%C3%B3is_d_1597_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_17577709","summary":"The Christian-Muslim Relations Bibliographical History is an ambitious attempt to provide scholarly entries and bibliographies for all works written by Muslims about and against Christianity, and all works written by Christians about and against Islam! This entry, published in volume 7 (16th century, 2015), concerns encounters along the western coast of India and the eastern coast of Africa between the Portuguese and Muslim kingdoms. Luis Frois is also famous for writing about Japan.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39591579,"asset_id":17577709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2741042,"first_name":"Gordon","last_name":"Nickel","domain_name":"saiacs","page_name":"GordonNickel","display_name":"Gordon D Nickel","profile_url":"https://saiacs.academia.edu/GordonNickel?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2741042/887150/1108126/s65_gordon.nickel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":666,"name":"Portuguese and Brazilian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_and_Brazilian_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2285,"name":"Missions to Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missions_to_Asia?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2400,"name":"Japanese Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Religions?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3024,"name":"History of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_India?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6001,"name":"Japanese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7397,"name":"Missionary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missionary_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7398,"name":"Jesuit history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history?f_ri=7088"},{"id":8494,"name":"Christian Missions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Missions?f_ri=7088"},{"id":8495,"name":"History of Missions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Missions?f_ri=7088"},{"id":10053,"name":"Mission Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mission_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=7088"},{"id":23561,"name":"Japanese Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Culture?f_ri=7088"},{"id":37681,"name":"Portugal (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7088"},{"id":57202,"name":"The Story of Jesuits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Story_of_Jesuits?f_ri=7088"},{"id":57332,"name":"Indian Muslims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Muslims?f_ri=7088"},{"id":60543,"name":"Jesuits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuits?f_ri=7088"},{"id":101405,"name":"Missions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missions?f_ri=7088"},{"id":166887,"name":"Jesuit missionaries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_missionaries?f_ri=7088"},{"id":408607,"name":"Missionários jesuítas na China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missionarios_jesuitas_na_China?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11975477" data-work_id="11975477" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11975477/The_Reform_of_the_Spanish_Empire_in_the_Age_of_Enlightenment_2015_">The Reform of the Spanish Empire in the Age of Enlightenment [2015]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11975477" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c8a29478917904929fb026d0d7153790" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37326484,"asset_id":11975477,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37326484/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1602832" href="https://umaine.academia.edu/GabrielPaquette">Gabriel Paquette</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1602832" type="text/json">{"id":1602832,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Paquette","domain_name":"umaine","page_name":"GabrielPaquette","display_name":"Gabriel Paquette","profile_url":"https://umaine.academia.edu/GabrielPaquette?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1602832/560489/105020933/s65_gabriel.paquette.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11975477 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11975477"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11975477, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11975477", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11975477 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11975477; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11975477"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11975477 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11975477"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11975477; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11975477]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11975477").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11975477").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11975477"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6027" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6027" type="text/json">{"id":6027,"name":"Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6880" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History">Spanish History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6880" type="text/json">{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9690" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment">Intellectual History of Enlightenment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9690" type="text/json">{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11975477]'), work: {"id":11975477,"title":"The Reform of the Spanish Empire in the Age of Enlightenment [2015]","created_at":"2015-04-16T11:01:23.944-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11975477/The_Reform_of_the_Spanish_Empire_in_the_Age_of_Enlightenment_2015_?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_11975477","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37326484,"asset_id":11975477,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1602832,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Paquette","domain_name":"umaine","page_name":"GabrielPaquette","display_name":"Gabriel Paquette","profile_url":"https://umaine.academia.edu/GabrielPaquette?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1602832/560489/105020933/s65_gabriel.paquette.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6027,"name":"Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23766335" data-work_id="23766335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23766335/The_Imperial_Visual_Archive_Images_Evidence_and_Knowledge_in_the_Early_Modern_Hispanic_World">The Imperial Visual Archive: Images, Evidence, and Knowledge in the Early Modern Hispanic World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article is a reflection on the Hispanic imperial visual archive, that is, the thousands of images produced in the Spanish American viceroyalties in order to document, communicate, and transport claims about the New World in pictorial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23766335" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article is a reflection on the Hispanic imperial visual archive, that is, the thousands of images produced in the Spanish American viceroyalties in order to document, communicate, and transport claims about the New World in pictorial form. It examines the role of images as evidence, arguing for the continued importance of visual epistemology as a technique for producing and circulating knowledge from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The essay focuses on visual epistemology and mobility, addressing the capacity of images to embody information and objects and to transport them from one place to another. Its goals are thus: (1) to highlight the active generation of scientific knowledge in the Hispanic world, often connected to imperial and administrative practices; (2) to present transregional channels of circulation, demonstrating the connected histories of the viceroyalties and the Iberian Peninsula and the multidirectional trajectories in which information and knowledge moved; and (3) to point out the deep connections between the earlier and later colonial periods, which often remain disconnected in the historiography. This article also explores the potential of images as historical sources, suggesting that the high status of images in the early modern Hispanic world resulted in an enormous pictorial archive that historians have failed to consider with the attention and rigor they have lavished on the textual archive.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23766335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc5f429a626384645a7b544134a8dd66" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44190477,"asset_id":23766335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44190477/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6671373" href="https://usc.academia.edu/danielableichmar">daniela bleichmar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6671373" type="text/json">{"id":6671373,"first_name":"daniela","last_name":"bleichmar","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"danielableichmar","display_name":"daniela bleichmar","profile_url":"https://usc.academia.edu/danielableichmar?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6671373/7722714/8659548/s65_daniela.bleichmar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23766335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23766335"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23766335, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23766335", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23766335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23766335; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23766335"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23766335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23766335"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23766335; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23766335]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23766335").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23766335").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23766335"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="863" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies">Visual Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="863" type="text/json">{"id":863,"name":"Visual Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="872" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Visual_Studies_">Caricature (Visual Studies)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="872" type="text/json">{"id":872,"name":"Caricature (Visual Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Visual_Studies_?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23766335]'), work: {"id":23766335,"title":"The Imperial Visual Archive: Images, Evidence, and Knowledge in the Early Modern Hispanic World","created_at":"2016-03-29T08:05:58.506-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23766335/The_Imperial_Visual_Archive_Images_Evidence_and_Knowledge_in_the_Early_Modern_Hispanic_World?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_23766335","summary":"This article is a reflection on the Hispanic imperial visual archive, that is, the thousands of images produced in the Spanish American viceroyalties in order to document, communicate, and transport claims about the New World in pictorial form. It examines the role of images as evidence, arguing for the continued importance of visual epistemology as a technique for producing and circulating knowledge from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The essay focuses on visual epistemology and mobility, addressing the capacity of images to embody information and objects and to transport them from one place to another. Its goals are thus: (1) to highlight the active generation of scientific knowledge in the Hispanic world, often connected to imperial and administrative practices; (2) to present transregional channels of circulation, demonstrating the connected histories of the viceroyalties and the Iberian Peninsula and the multidirectional trajectories in which information and knowledge moved; and (3) to point out the deep connections between the earlier and later colonial periods, which often remain disconnected in the historiography. This article also explores the potential of images as historical sources, suggesting that the high status of images in the early modern Hispanic world resulted in an enormous pictorial archive that historians have failed to consider with the attention and rigor they have lavished on the textual archive.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44190477,"asset_id":23766335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6671373,"first_name":"daniela","last_name":"bleichmar","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"danielableichmar","display_name":"daniela bleichmar","profile_url":"https://usc.academia.edu/danielableichmar?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6671373/7722714/8659548/s65_daniela.bleichmar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":863,"name":"Visual Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":872,"name":"Caricature (Visual Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Visual_Studies_?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13966,"name":"History of Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Art?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":33909,"name":"Visual Cultures of Science (Visual Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Cultures_of_Science_Visual_Studies_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":45246,"name":"Colonial Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Latin_American_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=7088"},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13172719" data-work_id="13172719" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13172719/ROCA_Origen_etimol%C3%B3gico_fijado_por_Enrique_Cabrejas">ROCA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Roca. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es un comunicado amparado por la Teoría de los Acrónimos Ibéricos; metodología empleada por el arriba citado autor y para sus numerosos hallazgos tras descifrar la escritura ibérica el... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13172719" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Roca. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es un comunicado amparado por la Teoría de los Acrónimos Ibéricos; metodología empleada por el arriba citado autor y para sus numerosos hallazgos tras descifrar la escritura ibérica el 21 de Abril de 2012, y por la cual concluye que, la palabra española Roca, se trata de un acrónimo ibérico y que literalmente su significado es el de “FRAGMENTO DURO”.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13172719" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab7c8b00b03d0798a4963f365d991a8c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37968198,"asset_id":13172719,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37968198/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3435117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas">enrique cabrejas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3435117" type="text/json">{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13172719 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13172719"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13172719, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13172719", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13172719 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13172719; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13172719"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13172719 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13172719"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13172719; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13172719]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13172719").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13172719").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13172719"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13172719]'), work: {"id":13172719,"title":"ROCA. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas","created_at":"2015-06-22T05:46:44.830-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13172719/ROCA_Origen_etimol%C3%B3gico_fijado_por_Enrique_Cabrejas?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_13172719","summary":"Roca. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es un comunicado amparado por la Teoría de los Acrónimos Ibéricos; metodología empleada por el arriba citado autor y para sus numerosos hallazgos tras descifrar la escritura ibérica el 21 de Abril de 2012, y por la cual concluye que, la palabra española Roca, se trata de un acrónimo ibérico y que literalmente su significado es el de “FRAGMENTO DURO”. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37968198,"asset_id":13172719,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13638,"name":"Spanish Grammar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Grammar?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13639,"name":"Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26916,"name":"Spain (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":27857,"name":"Filosofia Del Lenguaje","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia_Del_Lenguaje?f_ri=7088"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=7088"},{"id":41992,"name":"Filología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":47241,"name":"Estudios Culturales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estudios_Culturales?f_ri=7088"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=7088"},{"id":61251,"name":"Filosofía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":120351,"name":"España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088"},{"id":154744,"name":"Español Lengua Extranjera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1ol_Lengua_Extranjera?f_ri=7088"},{"id":223479,"name":"Filología Hispánica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filolog%C3%ADa_Hisp%C3%A1nica?f_ri=7088"},{"id":230327,"name":"Espagnol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espagnol?f_ri=7088"},{"id":249231,"name":"Historia Contemporánea de España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea_de_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088"},{"id":426208,"name":"Filology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1198428,"name":"Filosofia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3657890" data-work_id="3657890" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3657890/El_origen_de_la_palabra_CARA">El origen de la palabra CARA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El origen de la palabra CARA es un extracto del libro Karuo el secreto ibero, por el cual Enrique Cabrejas o Enric Cabrejas nos relata de modo llano su experiencia personal con lo extraordinario de un descubrimiento. El 21 de Abril de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3657890" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El origen de la palabra CARA es un extracto del libro Karuo el secreto ibero, por el cual Enrique Cabrejas o Enric Cabrejas nos relata de modo llano su experiencia personal con lo extraordinario de un descubrimiento. El 21 de Abril de 2012 consiguió lo que parecía imposible: Descifrar la escritura ibérica. El hallazgo más relevante de la cultura universal en nuestro país de los últimos tiempos, sin lugar a dudas. Un hito en la historia de la escritura sin precedentes. Desde este mismo instante la obra Karuo de Enrique Cabrejas lo convierte en un referente destacado a nivel mundial en historia y lingüística. Los innumerables datos, explicaciones, pruebas y significados que nos reporta nunca conocidos antes, son una referencia obligada para todos aquellos que quieran comprender la historia, la lengua antigua e incluso también la moderna de nuestro país o para quienes en el futuro deseen estudiarla e investigarla en profundidad, más si cabe desde el mundo académico.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3657890" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="12bf07324ccf0d374ee84eddd91246d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34263059,"asset_id":3657890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34263059/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3435117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas">enrique cabrejas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3435117" type="text/json">{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3657890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3657890"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3657890, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3657890", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3657890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3657890; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3657890"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3657890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3657890"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3657890; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3657890]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3657890").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3657890").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3657890"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="668" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature">Spanish Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="668" type="text/json">{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1174" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies">Spanish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1174" type="text/json">{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1238" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish">Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1238" type="text/json">{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1391" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalan_Language">Catalan Language</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1391" type="text/json">{"id":1391,"name":"Catalan Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalan_Language?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3657890]'), work: {"id":3657890,"title":"El origen de la palabra CARA","created_at":"2013-06-05T02:32:51.851-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3657890/El_origen_de_la_palabra_CARA?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_3657890","summary":"El origen de la palabra CARA es un extracto del libro Karuo el secreto ibero, por el cual Enrique Cabrejas o Enric Cabrejas nos relata de modo llano su experiencia personal con lo extraordinario de un descubrimiento. El 21 de Abril de 2012 consiguió lo que parecía imposible: Descifrar la escritura ibérica. El hallazgo más relevante de la cultura universal en nuestro país de los últimos tiempos, sin lugar a dudas. Un hito en la historia de la escritura sin precedentes. Desde este mismo instante la obra Karuo de Enrique Cabrejas lo convierte en un referente destacado a nivel mundial en historia y lingüística. Los innumerables datos, explicaciones, pruebas y significados que nos reporta nunca conocidos antes, son una referencia obligada para todos aquellos que quieran comprender la historia, la lengua antigua e incluso también la moderna de nuestro país o para quienes en el futuro deseen estudiarla e investigarla en profundidad, más si cabe desde el mundo académico. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34263059,"asset_id":3657890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3435117,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"cabrejas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquecabrejas","display_name":"enrique cabrejas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquecabrejas?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3435117/1168215/1462830/s65_enric.cabrejas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1391,"name":"Catalan Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalan_Language?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2062,"name":"Greek Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":2544,"name":"Spanish Literature (Peninsular)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature_Peninsular_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13638,"name":"Spanish Grammar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Grammar?f_ri=7088"},{"id":13639,"name":"Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":16511,"name":"Spanish in contact with other languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_in_contact_with_other_languages?f_ri=7088"},{"id":26916,"name":"Spain (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_History_?f_ri=7088"},{"id":36557,"name":"Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":61670,"name":"Literatura española","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_espa%C3%B1ola?f_ri=7088"},{"id":81359,"name":"Aspectos Linüísticos Y Sociolingüísticos De La Difusión De La Lengua Española","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspectos_Linuisticos_Y_Sociolinguisticos_De_La_Difusion_De_La_Lengua_Espanola?f_ri=7088"},{"id":108055,"name":"GUERRA CIVIL ESPAÑOLA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GUERRA_CIVIL_ESPA%C3%91OLA?f_ri=7088"},{"id":122735,"name":"Filologia Catalana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filologia_Catalana?f_ri=7088"},{"id":124594,"name":"Didáctica de Idioma Español; Literatura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Didactica_de_Idioma_Espanol_Literatura?f_ri=7088"},{"id":140753,"name":"Literatura española del Siglo de Oro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_espa%C3%B1ola_del_Siglo_de_Oro?f_ri=7088"},{"id":154744,"name":"Español Lengua Extranjera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espa%C3%B1ol_Lengua_Extranjera?f_ri=7088"},{"id":183630,"name":"ORDENES MENDICANTES EN ESPAÑA SIGLOS XIV - XVI // MONACATO MEDIEVAL - FILOSOFIA MEDIEVAL - PATRISTICA - EREMITISMO - HISTORIA DEL ARTE - WARBURG - DIDI HUBERMAN - ROGER CHARTIER","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ORDENES_MENDICANTES_EN_ESPANA_SIGLOS_XIV_-_XVI_MONACATO_MEDIEVAL_-_FILOSOFIA_MEDIEVAL_-_PATRISTI?f_ri=7088"},{"id":190049,"name":"Literatura española e hispanoamericana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_espa%C3%B1ola_e_hispanoamericana?f_ri=7088"},{"id":204798,"name":"Fonética del español como lengua extranjera o segunda lengua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fonetica_del_espanol_como_lengua_extranjera_o_segunda_lengua?f_ri=7088"},{"id":205388,"name":"Materiales Para La Enseñanza Del Español Como Lengua Extranjera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materiales_Para_La_Ensenanza_Del_Espanol_Como_Lengua_Extranjera?f_ri=7088"},{"id":212031,"name":"Segunda República y Guerra Civil Española","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_y_Guerra_Civil_Espa%C3%B1ola?f_ri=7088"},{"id":227717,"name":"Literatura española contemporánea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_espanola_contemporanea?f_ri=7088"},{"id":249231,"name":"Historia Contemporánea de España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea_de_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=7088"},{"id":271189,"name":"Formación de profesores de español como lengua extranjera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formacion_de_profesores_de_espanol_como_lengua_extranjera?f_ri=7088"},{"id":317386,"name":"Gramàtica Espanola","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram%C3%A0tica_Espanola?f_ri=7088"},{"id":420825,"name":"Manual -en español- IBM SPSS Statistics Base 20","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manual_-en_espanol-_IBM_SPSS_Statistics_Base_20?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12877862 coauthored" data-work_id="12877862" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12877862/Spanish_Maritime_Exploration_in_the_South_west_Pacific_the_search_for_Menda%C3%B1as_lost_almiranta_Santa_Isabel_1595_NOTES">Spanish Maritime Exploration in the South-west Pacific: the search for Mendaña's lost almiranta , Santa Isabel , 1595: NOTES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This paper examines evidence for Spanish occupation on Makira (Solomon Islands) and the search for an associated possible shipwreck of Mendanas lost Galleon.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12877862" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="890bd82c46c42aa127a2e1bbff2c1bfc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49900572,"asset_id":12877862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49900572/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1954510" href="https://une-au.academia.edu/BradDuncan">Brad Duncan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1954510" type="text/json">{"id":1954510,"first_name":"Brad","last_name":"Duncan","domain_name":"une-au","page_name":"BradDuncan","display_name":"Brad Duncan","profile_url":"https://une-au.academia.edu/BradDuncan?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1954510/654573/812074/s65_brad.duncan.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12877862">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12877862"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LawrenceKiko">Lawrence Kiko</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://une-au.academia.edu/MartinGibbs">Martin Gibbs</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12877862'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12877862').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12877862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12877862"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12877862, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12877862", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12877862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12877862; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12877862"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12877862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12877862"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12877862; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12877862]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12877862").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12877862").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12877862"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology">Maritime Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="396" type="text/json">{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="958" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology">Historical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="958" type="text/json">{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing">Remote Sensing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1252" type="text/json">{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12877862]'), work: {"id":12877862,"title":"Spanish Maritime Exploration in the South-west Pacific: the search for Mendaña's lost almiranta , Santa Isabel , 1595: NOTES","created_at":"2015-06-08T23:11:18.090-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12877862/Spanish_Maritime_Exploration_in_the_South_west_Pacific_the_search_for_Menda%C3%B1as_lost_almiranta_Santa_Isabel_1595_NOTES?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_12877862","summary":"This paper examines evidence for Spanish occupation on Makira (Solomon Islands) and the search for an associated possible shipwreck of Mendanas lost Galleon. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49900572,"asset_id":12877862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1954510,"first_name":"Brad","last_name":"Duncan","domain_name":"une-au","page_name":"BradDuncan","display_name":"Brad Duncan","profile_url":"https://une-au.academia.edu/BradDuncan?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1954510/654573/812074/s65_brad.duncan.jpg"},{"id":15923309,"first_name":"Lawrence","last_name":"Kiko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LawrenceKiko","display_name":"Lawrence Kiko","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LawrenceKiko?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15923309/15952749/16451947/s65_lawrence.kiko.jpg"},{"id":332152,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Gibbs","domain_name":"une-au","page_name":"MartinGibbs","display_name":"Martin Gibbs","profile_url":"https://une-au.academia.edu/MartinGibbs?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/332152/705092/875800/s65_martin.gibbs.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2365,"name":"Pacific Island Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Island_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":30543,"name":"Pacific Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44632,"name":"Marine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":53227,"name":"Archaeology, Historical Archaeology. Medieval Archaeology, Anthropology, Social Identities, Material Culture, Artefact Studies, Diaspora Studies, Trade and Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Historical_Archaeology._Medieval_Archaeology_Anthropology_Social_Identities_Material?f_ri=7088"},{"id":56403,"name":"Solomon Islands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solomon_Islands?f_ri=7088"},{"id":161275,"name":"Pacific Islands Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Islands_Archaeology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":1268768,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology-1?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43672843" data-work_id="43672843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43672843/Manuel_Fernandes_and_his_1616_Livro_de_Tra%C3%A7as_de_Carpintaria">Manuel Fernandes and his 1616 Livro de Traças de Carpintaria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fernandes's large (approx. 12" x 19 "), richly illustrated nautical treatise resides in the Ajuda Library in Lisbon and is justly famous in European maritime history. Although it shares characteristics with many treatises presented to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43672843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fernandes's large (approx. 12" x 19 "), richly illustrated nautical treatise resides in the Ajuda Library in Lisbon and is justly famous in European maritime history. Although it shares characteristics with many treatises presented to powerful patrons, it lacks any sort of dedication in its present re-bound state. This article suggests that Fernandes's treatise may have been part of the effort by the Habsburg monarchy of Portugal and Spain to understand each state's norms for designing, building, and measuring ships. In the same period, various other treatises from both countries also considered the same issues. In addition to soliciting such treatises, the crown sponsored discussion and debate about the ideal configurations for vessels sailing to both Portuguese and Spanish colonies around the world. Some of those configurations are discussed in the article, as well as speculation as to why the context for Fernandes's Livro de Traças has remained obscure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43672843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9bd6e5bde7e30bc221a12c1dc564587f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63974763,"asset_id":43672843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63974763/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19105802" href="https://umn.academia.edu/CarlaRahnPhillips">Carla Rahn Phillips</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19105802" type="text/json">{"id":19105802,"first_name":"Carla Rahn","last_name":"Phillips","domain_name":"umn","page_name":"CarlaRahnPhillips","display_name":"Carla Rahn Phillips","profile_url":"https://umn.academia.edu/CarlaRahnPhillips?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19105802/5313522/45650826/s65_carla_rahn.phillips.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43672843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43672843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43672843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43672843", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43672843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43672843; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43672843"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43672843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43672843"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43672843; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43672843]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43672843").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43672843").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43672843"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish">History Portuguese and Spanish</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7088" type="text/json">{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7354" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe">Early Modern Europe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7354" type="text/json">{"id":7354,"name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_economic_and_social_history">Early Modern economic and social history</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19455" type="text/json">{"id":19455,"name":"Early Modern economic and social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_economic_and_social_history?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43672843]'), work: {"id":43672843,"title":"Manuel Fernandes and his 1616 Livro de Traças de Carpintaria","created_at":"2020-07-20T12:01:46.987-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43672843/Manuel_Fernandes_and_his_1616_Livro_de_Tra%C3%A7as_de_Carpintaria?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_43672843","summary":"Fernandes's large (approx. 12\" x 19 \"), richly illustrated nautical treatise resides in the Ajuda Library in Lisbon and is justly famous in European maritime history. Although it shares characteristics with many treatises presented to powerful patrons, it lacks any sort of dedication in its present re-bound state. This article suggests that Fernandes's treatise may have been part of the effort by the Habsburg monarchy of Portugal and Spain to understand each state's norms for designing, building, and measuring ships. In the same period, various other treatises from both countries also considered the same issues. In addition to soliciting such treatises, the crown sponsored discussion and debate about the ideal configurations for vessels sailing to both Portuguese and Spanish colonies around the world. Some of those configurations are discussed in the article, as well as speculation as to why the context for Fernandes's Livro de Traças has remained obscure. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63974763,"asset_id":43672843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19105802,"first_name":"Carla Rahn","last_name":"Phillips","domain_name":"umn","page_name":"CarlaRahnPhillips","display_name":"Carla Rahn Phillips","profile_url":"https://umn.academia.edu/CarlaRahnPhillips?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19105802/5313522/45650826/s65_carla_rahn.phillips.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":7354,"name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":19455,"name":"Early Modern economic and social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_economic_and_social_history?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":214592,"name":"Merchant Shipping/Maritime Economics/shipbuilding/Mediterranean/Shipowners/Maritime Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merchant_Shipping_Maritime_Economics_shipbuilding_Mediterranean_Shipowners_Maritime_Trade?f_ri=7088"},{"id":503131,"name":"Portuguese Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Maritime_History?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10668401" data-work_id="10668401" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10668401/AS_L%C3%8DNGUAS_CRIOULAS_DE_BASE_PORTUGUESA">AS LÍNGUAS CRIOULAS DE BASE PORTUGUESA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Onde não chegaram os portugueses com as suas caravelas? Desde Ceuta, em Marrocos, conquistada em 1415, ao Japão, alcançado por acaso em 1542 (por três mercadores de peles, Francisco Zeimoto, António da Mota e António Peixoto, que faziam... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10668401" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Onde não chegaram os portugueses com as suas caravelas?<br />Desde Ceuta, em Marrocos, conquistada em 1415, ao Japão, alcançado por acaso em 1542 (por três mercadores de peles, Francisco Zeimoto, António da Mota e António Peixoto, que faziam rota para a China mas sofreram naufrágio até às costas da ilha Tanega Shima – só sete anos depois a Companhia de Jesus começará a sua obra de conversão por Francisco Xavier), ao longo de apenas dois séculos e meio Portugal tocou todos os oceanos e correu verdadeiramente as sete partidas do mundo.<br />A Época dos Descobrimentos e das Explorações, porém, depois do seu declínio (marcado pelo surgir das potências holandesa e inglesa) continuou a sobreviver nos chamados « novos continentes ». Não quero referir-me só aos vestígios materiais deixados pela presença lusitana nas terras colonizadas – instalações civis e de marinha, fortalezas, desembarques e portos, etc. –, mas sim a um imenso património cultural e sonoro: o das línguas recém-nascidas (com respeito aos séculos dos descobrimentos) de base portuguesa – os crioulos...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10668401" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32690481a059724e5b9c70fd66e529b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36582838,"asset_id":10668401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36582838/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTA5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6804718" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StefanoValente">Stefano Valente</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6804718" type="text/json">{"id":6804718,"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Valente","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StefanoValente","display_name":"Stefano Valente","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StefanoValente?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6804718/4966279/8057281/s65_stefano.valente.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10668401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10668401"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10668401, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10668401", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10668401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10668401; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10668401"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10668401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10668401"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10668401; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10668401]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10668401").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10668401").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10668401"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="778" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_">Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="778" type="text/json">{"id":778,"name":"Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1456" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese">Portuguese</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1456" type="text/json">{"id":1456,"name":"Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10668401]'), work: {"id":10668401,"title":"AS LÍNGUAS CRIOULAS DE BASE PORTUGUESA","created_at":"2015-02-10T02:50:17.658-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10668401/AS_L%C3%8DNGUAS_CRIOULAS_DE_BASE_PORTUGUESA?f_ri=7088","dom_id":"work_10668401","summary":"Onde não chegaram os portugueses com as suas caravelas?\nDesde Ceuta, em Marrocos, conquistada em 1415, ao Japão, alcançado por acaso em 1542 (por três mercadores de peles, Francisco Zeimoto, António da Mota e António Peixoto, que faziam rota para a China mas sofreram naufrágio até às costas da ilha Tanega Shima – só sete anos depois a Companhia de Jesus começará a sua obra de conversão por Francisco Xavier), ao longo de apenas dois séculos e meio Portugal tocou todos os oceanos e correu verdadeiramente as sete partidas do mundo.\nA Época dos Descobrimentos e das Explorações, porém, depois do seu declínio (marcado pelo surgir das potências holandesa e inglesa) continuou a sobreviver nos chamados « novos continentes ». Não quero referir-me só aos vestígios materiais deixados pela presença lusitana nas terras colonizadas – instalações civis e de marinha, fortalezas, desembarques e portos, etc. –, mas sim a um imenso património cultural e sonoro: o das línguas recém-nascidas (com respeito aos séculos dos descobrimentos) de base portuguesa – os crioulos...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36582838,"asset_id":10668401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6804718,"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Valente","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StefanoValente","display_name":"Stefano Valente","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StefanoValente?f_ri=7088","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6804718/4966279/8057281/s65_stefano.valente.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":778,"name":"Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":1456,"name":"Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese?f_ri=7088","nofollow":true},{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7088,"name":"History Portuguese and Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?f_ri=7088"},{"id":7260,"name":"Lingua Franca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lingua_Franca?f_ri=7088"},{"id":8998,"name":"Pidgins \u0026 Creoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pidgins_and_Creoles?f_ri=7088"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":16088,"name":"Creolization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creolization?f_ri=7088"},{"id":19457,"name":"Portuguese Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Literature?f_ri=7088"},{"id":20158,"name":"Pidgin and Creole Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pidgin_and_Creole_Languages?f_ri=7088"},{"id":38845,"name":"Portuguese Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Language?f_ri=7088"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7088"},{"id":52622,"name":"Diachronic Syntax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Syntax?f_ri=7088"},{"id":86215,"name":"Diachronic Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Phonology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":98726,"name":"Língua Portuguesa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/L%C3%ADngua_Portuguesa?f_ri=7088"},{"id":127364,"name":"Age of Discovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_of_Discovery?f_ri=7088"},{"id":203093,"name":"Creole linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creole_linguistics?f_ri=7088"},{"id":207612,"name":"Pidgins and Creoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pidgins_and_Creoles-1?f_ri=7088"},{"id":332089,"name":"Papiamentu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papiamentu?f_ri=7088"},{"id":332093,"name":"Creole Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creole_Morphology?f_ri=7088"},{"id":556448,"name":"Pidginization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pidginization?f_ri=7088"},{"id":663322,"name":"Crioulo Cabo Verde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crioulo_Cabo_Verde?f_ri=7088"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?after=50%2C10668401" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="2861">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="2861">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_modern_Spain">Early modern Spain</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="42066">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="42066">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History">Early Modern History</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1727">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1727">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire">History of the Portuguese Empire</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="20433">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="20433">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History">Spanish History</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="6880">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="6880">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe">Early Modern Europe</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="7354">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="7354">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_history">Atlantic history</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="27533">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="27533">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Portuguese_History">Early Modern Portuguese History</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="4537">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="4537">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_World">Atlantic World</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="4121">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="4121">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Latin_American_History">Colonial Latin American History</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="45246">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="45246">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "816aabc69e9e7d013ef2fdcc6d8fbc59b8e891e685c0d2cdfb4b338f135c7df8", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="kjt5ipLiQiEToKzZLGB0HLvvU8A1rowTkseyOIqDMwYRF2HZ_FN-paKZIwOXek_OYp-c7tuN6D7w9l9FMLgamA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Portuguese_and_Spanish" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="rGWnJTh7nVB-loTrsUrr4O5DoQTsgcd6DJBQimfPek8vSb92Vsqh1M-vCzEKUNAyNzNuKgKio1duob333fRT0Q" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>